Gavar's Project

PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND IN VITRO STUDIES ON ANTI-FERTILITY
EFFECT OF FRUITS OF FICUS RELIGIOSA ON UTERINE

MORPHOLOGY OF GOAT (CAPRA HIRCUS)
PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO

THE DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY
KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY KURUKSHETRA
FOR THE DEGREE OF
MASTER OF ZOOLOGY
BY
ATUL KUMAR GOYAL
Department of Zoology
Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra
2012
DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY
KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY KURUKSHETRA
HARYANA (INDIA)-136119
Prof. R.K. Sharma

Department of Zoology
Kurukshetra University
Kurukshetra
E-mail: rkszookuk@yahoo.com
Phone: 946606674
Date: ____/____/2012
CERTIFICATE
I have immense pleasure in forwarding the project entitled Phytochemistry and in Vitro
Studies on Anti-Fertility Effect of Fruits of Ficus Religiosa on Uterine Morphology
of Capra Aegagrus Hircus submitted by Mr. Atul Kumar Goyal, Roll No. 3, in partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of M.Sc. Zoology in Department of Zoology of
Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra.
It is certified that research work included in the report is original and has been not
submitted, in part or full for any other diploma or degree, at this or any university, and he
fulfill all the conditions prescribe by the Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra for submitting
the report for the award of degree of Master of Zoology in the subject of zoology.
Prof. R.K. Sharma

Supervisor
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I wish to avail the opportunity to expressed my heartfelt gratitude to my esteemed teacher,

Dr. Rajneesh K. Sharma, Professor, Department of zoology, Kurukshetra University,
Kurukshetra, for his perpetual energy and enthusiasm in research has motivated me, he was
always accessible and willing to help in research.
I am gratitude to Dr. A.S. Yadav, Professor and chairman Department of Zoology,
Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, for providing laboratory facilities.
Help rendered by all the members of non-teaching staff of the department is highly
acknowledged.
I am thankful to my teachers Satendra K. Yadav and Dr. Parmod Kumar without them the
completion of this project was infeasible. I deeply thank them for being most supportive and
suggestive throughout my work.
My deepest gratitude to my parents Mr. Ashok Kumar Goyal and Mrs. Saroj Goyal for their
unflagging love and support throughout my life.
Furthermore a special thanks to my friends Parikshit and Kavita who have always been a
constant source of encouragement during my project work.
Last but not the least, a deepest thanks to God for being there with me through all the tests
in the past years. You have made my life more beautiful. May your name be exalted,
honored and glorified.
Date: ___/___/2012
(Atul Kumar Goyal)
Contents
Chapter One: Introduction
Introduction
Objective
Chapter Two: Review of Literature

Antifertility Botanical Agents Targeting Uterus
Botanical Description of Ficus Religiosa
Potential Use of Ficus Religiosa
Female Reproductive System of Goat
Chapter Three: Materials and Methods

Collection of Plant Material
Preparation of Plant Extracts (Drug)
Experimental Animal
Experiment Design
Histological Slides
Chapter Four: Results

Phytochemistry
General Histology of Uterus
Effect of Plant Extract
Chapter Five: Discussion
Discussion
Chapter Six: References
References
Chapter
One
Introduction
Introduction
Objective
Introduction
Population control is a worldwide concern, including the India, especially since it is one of
the overpopulated countries of Asia. The magic of Indian plants in reducing fertility of
mammalian species is well established. A number of plants from Indian origin have been
experimentally tested using modern techniques for their antifertility activities (Sharma et
al., 2003). Maurya et al. (2004) have also given a review to provide an account of the studies
carried out on traditional plants which are used for fertility regulation. Approximately 318
different plants are used worldwide, of which 227 plants are of Indian origin. So far, 74
plants have been screened for their antifertility potential and 48 of them have been found
to be effective (Maurya et al., 2004).
Ficus Religiosa Linn (Moraceae) commonly known as Peepal tree is a large widely branched
tree with leathery, heartshaped, longtipped leaves on long slender petioles and purple
fruits growing in pairs. The tree is regarded as a sacred tree to both Hindus as well as
Buddhists. It has got mythological, religious and medicinal importance in Indian culture since
ancient times (Ghani et al., 1998; Singh, D.et al., 2009; Prasad, P.V. et al., 2006). The tree
grows throughout India and widely cultivated in south-east Asia especially in vicinity of
temples. In Ayurveda, F. religiosa belongs to a class of drugs called rasayana. Rasayana are
rejuvenators, antioxidants and relieve stress in the body (Govindarajan et al., 2005; Arora
1999). In India it is known by several vernacular names, the most commonly used ones
being Asvatthah (Sanskrit), Sacred fig (Bengali), Peepal (Hindi), Arayal (Malayalam), Ravi
(Telgu) and Arasu (Tamil) (Warrier 1996).
Ficus Religiosa was chosen as one of the plants to be screened because of a news report
indicating the effectiveness. The extract was screened for antifertility activity in vitro on
goat uterus. Due to the unstable nature of the fresh extract, the ethanol extract of the dried
fruit was used. The 1% fraction of the ethanol extract was tested for activity.
Objective
Since the Indian medical plants have great value in reducing fertility of mammalian species,
at the Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, such efforts are
devoted to the search for antifertility drugs from the country's rich flora to replace the
synthetic contraceptive pills which are not only quite expensive but also produce
undesirable side effects. Our list objective was to devise a method for screening plant
extracts for antifertility activity. Different methods of testing based on literature, as is or
modified, using goat as experimental animal were tried.
Chapter
Two
Review of Literature
Antifertility Botanical
Agents Targeting Uterus
Botanical Description of
Ficus Religiosa
Potential Use of Ficus
Religiosa
Female Reproductive
System of Goat
Antifertility Botanical Agents Targeting Uterus

1. Aaghada, Achyranthes aspera
Achyranthus aspera Linn is an abundant indigenous herb in India. It is traditionally being
used as an abortifacient. The ethanol extract of the root was screened for antifertility
activity in proven fertile female albino rats and 83.3% anti implantation at 200 mg/kg body
weight and given orally on days 1-7 of pregnancy (Vasudeva and Sharma 2006).
2. Papaya, Carrica papaya

Aqueous extracts and benzene extracts given orally to female rats causes infertility and
irregular oestrous cycles. Ethanol seed extract decreases sperm motility, testis mass and
sperm count. Studies with aqueous seed extracts also decreased fertility in male rats. The
fertility of the male and female rats returned to normal after withdrawal of treatments
(Chinoy et al., 1997).
3. Common sesban, Sesbania sesban

The different doses of Sesbania sesban seed powder inhibit the ovarian function, change the
uterine structure and prevent the implantation, thus, control the fertility of female albino
rats. The root extracts of Sesbania sesban showed oleanolic acid 3--Dglucuronide
spermicidal activity (Singh 1990).
4. Golden shower, Cassia fistula

Cassia fistula suppresses fertility in male rats. Oral administration of petroleum ether
extract of Cassia fistula to mated female rats on days 1-5 of pregnancy resulted in a decline
in the fertility index, numbers of uterine implants and live fetuses in a dose dependent
manner as was confirmed by laparotomy on day 15 day of pregnancy. The extract
(100mg/kg b.wt.) exhibited weak estrogenic activity when given alone and tested in
immature bilaterally ovariectomized female albino rats, It indicates that the petroleum
ether extract of Cassia fistula seeds possesses pregnancy terminating effect by virtue of
antiimplantation activity (Yadav and Jain 2009; Chauhan and Agarwal 2010).
5. Calliandra brevipes, Derris brevipes

The ethanolic extract of Derris brevipes exhibited 40% antiimplantation activity, when given
orally at 600mg/kg body weight. The rats, which continued their pregnancy, did not deliver
any litters after their full term. Hence, the combined antifertility (antiimplantation and
abortifacient) activity of the ethanolic extract was 100 percent (Badami et al., 2003).
6. Hore hound, Ballota undulate

Long term treatment with Ballota undulate might lead to diversified negative effects on
fertility and pregnancy in female rats (Walid and Qazan 2008).
7. Onion, Allium cepa

The ethanolic extract of Allium cepa showed significant antifertility activity pretreatment
with ethanolic extract showed significant inhibition of number of implant site at a dose of
300 mg/kg. There was no change in ovulation, hence the antifertility activity observed in the
present study with Allium cepa can be attributed largely to its antiimplantation activity
(Vishnu et al., 2003).
8. Honey suckle mistletoe, Dendrophthoe fallata

Analysis of vaginal smears revealed that all animals were cycling, although the length of the
diestrus was longer in Dendrophthoe fallata extract treated groups. In post coital testing,
the extract was found to be more effective in causing significant antiimplantation activity
and reduction in the number of litters born. The extract also exhibited weak estrogenic
activity when given alone, and when ethinyl estradiol, it exhibited slight antiestrogenic
activity in immature ovariectomized rats. All observation suggests that the extract has
antifertility effect and it safe at effective doses employed in the study (Pattanayak and
Mazumder 2009).
9. Malai Vembu, Melia azadarach

Average number of embryos and implantation losses in the pregnant animals treated with
M. azadarach seed extract was also studied. Preimplantation, post-implantation and total
prenatal mortalities were increased in rats treated with seed extract during early (D1 D7 )
and late (D7-D18) stages of gestation period at dose of 5,10 and 20 mg kg-1 body wt day-1.
Thus, in conclusion, the application of this plant extract in rodent control programme may
help to elevate the socioeconomic status of the society (Mandal and Dhaliwal 2007).
10.
Ground cherry, Physalis alkekengi
P. alkekengi has been used as an abortive plant in Iranian traditional medicine for many
years. Administration of P. alkekengi extract on days 1 to 5 pregnancy significantly
decreases the number of implantation sites number and weight of neonates (Montaserti et
al., 2007).
11.
Witches weed, Striga orobanchioides
Graded doses of these compounds viz., apigenin and luteolin isolated from S.
orobanchioides when administered from day 1to 4 of pregnancy shows dose dependent and
significant antiimplantation activity (Shivayogi et al., 2000).
12.
Perumaram, Ailanthus excella
Hydroalcoholic extract treatment showed a strong antiimplantation (72%) and abortifacient

activity (56%). The extract shows furthermore, significant (P<0.05) increase in uterine
weight in immature ovariectomised rats. Simultaneous administration of extract with
ethinyl estradiol cause significant antiestrogenic activity. All these observations suggest that
hydroalcoholic extract of A. excella has antifertility effect (Ravichandran 2007).
Botanical Description of Ficus Religiosa

Taxonomy/Botanical classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Spermatophytina
Infraphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida Brongniart
Subclass: Dilleniidae
Super order: Urticanae
Order: Urticales
Family: Moraceae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Tribe: Ficeae
Genus: Ficus Linnaeus
Specific epithet: religiosa L.
Morphology
F. religiosa is a large deciduous tree with few or no aerial roots. It is often epiphytic with the
drooping branches bearing long petioled, ovate, cordate shiny leaves. Leaves are bright
green, the apex produced into a linear-lanceolate tail about half as long as the main portion
of the blade. The receptacles occurring in pairs and are axillary, depressed globose, smooth
and purplish when ripe. The bark is flat or slightly curved, varying from 5 to 8 mm in
thickness, outer surface is grey or ash with thin or membranous flakes and is often covered
with crustose lichen brown or ash coloured, surface has shallow irregular vertical fissures
and uneven due to exfoliation of cork, inner surface smooth, yellowish to orange brown and
fibrous (Warrier 1996; Babu et al., 2010).
Microscopy
An external features of bark of F. religiosa showed that bark differentiated into outer thick
periderm and inner secondary phloem. Periderm is differentiated into phellem and
phelloderm. Phellem zone is 360 mm thick and it is wavy and uneven in transection. Phellem
cells are organized into thin tangential membranous layers and the older layers exfoliate in
the form of thin membranes. The phelloderm zone is broad and distinct. Phelloderm cells
are turned into lignified sclereids. Secondary phloem differentiated into inner narrow noncollapsed zone and outer broad collapsed zone. Non-collapsed zone consists of radial files of
sieve tube members, axial parenchyma, and gelatinous fibres. Outer collapsed phloem has
dilated rays, crushed obliterated sieve tube members, thick walled and lignified fibres, and
abundant tannin filled parenchyma cells. Laticifers are fairly abundant in the outer
secondary phloem zone. Phloem rays are both uniseriate and multiseriate. Multiseriate rays
are homocellular and uniseriate rays are either homocellular or heterocellular (Babu et al.,
2010).
Physical Constants
Total ash 7.86 % w/w, acid insoluble ash 0.41 % w/w, alcohol soluble extract 7.21 % w/w
and water soluble extractive 15.76 % w/w (Babu et al., 2010).
Fruits
The tree fruits in May/June and bears a small flat-topped figs (12-13 mm or inch in
diameter), which appears in pairs in the angles of the leaves on the twigs (or above the scars
in the bark left by fallen leaves). They have 3 basal bracts, are green at first and ripen to a
blackish purple (may have reddish dots). The fruiting tree becomes a treat for many
different birds and animals.
Potential Use of Ficus Religiosa

1. Antidiabetic Activity
Aqueous extract of F. religiosa in a doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg shows pronounced reduction
in blood glucose levels in normal, glucose-loaded hyperglycemic and streptozotocin (STZ)
induced diabetic rats and effect was compared with glybenclamide, a well-known
hypoglycemic drug. Aqueous extract of F. religiosa showed significant increase in serum
insulin, body weight, glycogen content in liver and skeletal muscle of STZ-induced diabetic
rats, also reduced the serum triglyceride and total cholesterol level. The results suggested
potential traditional use of F. religiosa (Pandit 2010). Ambike et al. investigated that a
phytosterolin isolated from F. religiosa root bark when given at a dose of 25 mg/kg orally to
fasting rabbits produced a maximum fall of the blood sugar level, equivalent to 81% of the
tolbutamide standard, after 4 hrs, while with i.v. injections of 5-7.5 mg/kg a maximum effect
was achieved after 2 h (Ambike and Rao 1967).
2. Anti-inflammatory Activity
A study was investigated for the effect of a methanol extract of F. religiosa leaf (MFL) on
lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of NO and proinflammatory cytokines, such as
tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-beta (IL) and IL-6 in BV-2 microglial cells, a mouse
microglial line. MFL inhibited LPS-induced production of NO and proinflammatory cytokines
in a dose-dependent manner. MFL also attenuated the expression of mRNA and proteins of
inducible nitric oxide synthase and proinflammatory cytokines, suggesting the blockage of
transcription levels, respectively. The molecular mechanism of MFL mediated attenuation
underlies the down-regulation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal
kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, and suppresses the
nuclear factor kappaB activation. The results suggest that MFL exhibits anti-inflammatory
properties in LPS-induced activation of BV-2 microglial cells, and that might have a
therapeutic potential for various neurodegenerative diseases (Jung et al., 2008).
3. Analgesic Activity
Sreelekshmi et al. investigated the analgesic activity of the F. religiosa stem bark methanolic
extract using the acetic acid-induced writhing (extension of hind paw) model in mice. Aspirin
were used as standards drugs. It exhibited reduction in the number of writhing of 71.56 and
65.93% respectively at a dose of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg. The abdominal constriction is
related to the sensitization of nociceptive receptors to prostaglandins. Thus suggest that
extract showed the analgesic effect probably by inhibiting synthesis or action of
prostaglandins (Sreelekshmi et al., 2007).
4. Anti-Acetylcholinestrase Activity
Methanolic extract of the stem bark of F. religiosa found to inhibit the acetylcholinestrase
enzyme thereby prolonging the half-life of acetylcholine. It was reported that most accepted
strategies in Alzheimers diseases treatment is the use of cholinesterase inhibitors. The
calculated 50% inhibitory dose (ID50) value was 73.69 g/ml respectively. The results
confirm and justify the popular traditional use of this plant for the treatment of Alzheimers
diseases (Vinutha et al., 2007).
5. Wound Healing Activity

The wound healing activity was investigate by excision and incision wound models using F.
religiosa leaf extracts, prepared as ointment (5 and 10%) were applied on Wistar albino
strain rats. Povidine iodine 5% was used as Standard drug. High rate of wound contraction,
decrease in the period for epithelialisation, high skin breaking strength were observed in
animals treated with 10% leaf extract ointment when compared to the control group of
animals. It has been reported that tannins possess ability to increase the collagen content,
which is one of the factor for promotion of wound healing (Charde et al., 2010; Roy et al.,
2009).
6. Proteolytic Activity
A comparison of the proteolytic activity of the latex of 46 species of Ficus was done by
electrophoretic and chromatographic properties of the protein components. F. religiosa
showed significant proteolytic activity (Williams 1968).
Female Reproductive System of Goat

The female reproductive tract of goat consists of the vulva labia, vagina (copulatory organ),
cervix, body of the uterus, uterine horns, oviduct (also called Fallopian tube) and the ovary.
Ovaries
Ovaries are almond-shaped, paired, and located on each side of the pelvic cavity. The
ovaries contain the ova (eggs), and secrete female reproductive hormones (progesterone
and estrogens). Estrogens are responsible for the development of the secondary sex
characteristics and the physical and behavioral changes that does display during heat.
Progesterone is responsible for changes in the uterine environment for embryo
implantation, as well as for maintaining pregnancy and promoting mammary gland growth
and development during pregnancy.
Oviduct
Oviducts are tiny, convoluted tubes located on each side of the uterus that connects the
ovary to the uterine horns. The oviducts are divided into three distinct segments that
transport the ova and spermatozoids in opposite directions. Once the ova are released from
the ovary during ovulation, they are captured in the oviduct. The oviduct is the site where
the ova are fertilized, in a segment known as the ampulla. The oviduct is the site where
further capacitation of the spermatozoa occurs. The oviduct opens like a funnel (the
infundibulum) near the ovary. The infundibulum receives ova released from the ovary and
transports them to the site of fertilization in the oviduct.
Uterus
Goat uterus is bicornuate, which means that it has two long cornus or horns that connect
the uterine body to the oviducts. In animals with multiple births, each horn can contain one
or more fetuses. The uterus is a smooth, muscular organ that stretches during the
pregnancy along with the growth of a fetus or fetuses. The uterus is the site where the
embryo migrates and develops throughout the pregnancy until parturition. The uterus
provides a proper environment for embryo development, supports development of the
fetus (supplying nutrients, removing waste, and protecting the fetus), and transports the
fetus out of the maternal body during birth. The endometrium, or internal layer of the
uterus, is formed by glands that secrete endometrial milk that nourishes the embryo. The
endometrial glands also secrete prostaglandin F2 or PGF2, a hormone responsible for the
luteolysis or degradation of the corpus luteum (CL) at the end of the estrous cycle or days
before parturition. The uterus separates itself from the vagina through a cartilaginous
structure named the cervix.
Cervix
The cervix is the gateway to the uterus and is a muscular canal consisting of several folds of
tissue referred to as rings. The cervix has relatively little smooth musculature. It
participates in sperm transport, and during pregnancy, blocks bacterial invasion. The mucus
produced during pregnancy (also during the luteal phase) forms a plug that makes the
opening through the cervix impermeable for micro-organisms and spermatozoa.
Vagina
The vagina is a large and tubular elastic structure. It is located between the cervix and vulva.
The vagina is the copulation organ of the female, receiving the penis during mating, and it
expands during birth.
Vulva
The vulva is the external genitalia consisting of the vestibule and the labia. The vestibule is
common to the urinary and genital tract. The vestibule joins the vagina with the urethral
orifice. The labia consist of the labia majora and minora, the outer and inner folds of skin
outside the vagina. The labia majora is homologous to the scrotum in males, and it is the
visible external portion of the female tract.
Clitoris
The clitoris is located in the lower portion of the vulva. It is the excitatory organ of a goat
reproductive tract.
Chapter
Three
Materials and
Methods
Preparation of Plant
Extracts (Drug)
Experimental Animal
Experiment Design
Histological Slides

The Fruits of Ficus religiosa were collected from the 2nd Gate of Kurukshetra University,
Kurukshetra (2906N, 7605E) in the month of August. The plant and sample specimen are
identified by an expert. The fruits were made dry.
Preparation of Plant Extracts (Drug)

The collected fruits were dried in the oven at 40 0C temperature for 48 hours. The dried
fruits were grinded to make fine powder.
Measured amounts of the powder were macerated in absolute methanol (90 g / 250 ml,
w/v). The macerated extracts were stirred with magnetic stirrer for 24 hrs at room
temperature. Each extract was then flittered using Watman filter paper No 1.
After filtration, the ethanol was evaporated from the ethanol extracts by heating at 55 oC in
water bath for 15 hrs. The resulting partially solid extracts were stored at -20oC until used.
Experimental Animal
Goats are seasonally polyestrous. The season usually comes from about September through
January with the strongest heat occurring in October and November. Sexual maturity or
puberty occurs at 58 months of age. Estrus heat is signs last from few hours to few days
including flagging tail; red, swollen vulva; excessive urination; mucus discharge from vulva;
excessive vulcanization; a drop in milk production and most importantly standing to be
mounted. Reproduction depends on successful deposition of the bucks semen in the vagina
of the doe at the correct time in her oestrus cycle.
Every 1825 days a fluid-filled follicle containing oestrogen develops in the ovary. The
oestrogen is carried throughout the body by the bloodstream. It brings the goat on heat by
affecting certain tissues that play a part in fertilization: for example, the glands lining the
cervix, which produces clear stringy mucus and an attractive odour. Heat usually lasts for
2436 hours.
Ovulation usually occurs towards the end of heat. The egg is released from the follicle to
enter the fallopian tube, with the assistance of the funnel-shaped infundibulum. For
successful fertilization, the sperm must travel from the cervix through the uterus and along
the uterine horn to the fallopian tube into which the egg is extruded.
If the heat periods are not regular, ovulation is unlikely to coincide with them and
conception becomes difficult. The function of the ovary is to produce an egg every 20 days
(normal range 1921 days), and the regular onset of heat to prepare the doe at this interval
is essential. One part of this preparation is the action of oestrogen on the muscle fibres in
the uterus, making them sensitive to the hormone oxytocin, which in turn makes the
muscles contract in a wave-like action. This helps the sperm to reach the egg.
This assistance for the sperm is essential, since its average life span in the female genital
tract is about 24 hours. The sperm travels against the flow of the uterine mucus, and would
certainly perish without reaching the fallopian tubes if its only method of propulsion was
the wriggle of its tail. So the wavelike action moves the sperm up the genital tract against
the flow of mucus and towards the ovary. Once released, the egg perishes within 12 hours if
it is not fertilized.
After ovulation the cells in the ovary produce a different hormone, progesterone. This takes
the doe out of heat, stops the wave-like muscle contractions and helps to prepare the
uterine wall for implantation of the fertilized zygote. Progesterone is produced in the cavity
left by the ruptured follicle, which fills with cells to form the yellow body (corpus luteum).
This continues to secrete progesterone for 13-14 days. If the egg is fertilized, the corpus
luteum goes on to play a part in early gestation.
However, if fertilization does not take place the uterine wall secretes prostaglandin, a
substance which causes the corpus luteum to regress. This occurs between day 16 and day
18, thus completing a full cycle. A new follicle begins to develop and produce oestrogen
over these days to bring the doe into heat again at about day twenty.
Experiment Design
The animal was dissected after anaesthing with diethyl ether. The uterus and ovary was
dissected out cleared off adhering adipose tissue and processed for in vitro experimental
protocol.
After washing with normal saline, the uterus was placed in culture medium which was
composed of TCM-199 and antibiotics (200 unit penicillin 100 IU/ml and streptomycin
100g/ml).
The treatment dose was made of 1% of drug in culture medium. The tissues were divided
into three groups of treatment with respective control and a 0 hour control group:
Group 1: This group was the 0 Hour control group kept in Bouins fixative.
Group 2: This group was treated for 1 hour + with respective control.
Histological Slides
The tissue was harvested after stipulated time and processed for histological slide
preparation. For histological slides the uterus was fixed in aqueous Bouins fixative for 24
hours. The specimens then were dehydrated in various grades of alcohol. After proper
dehydration specimens were then embedded in paraffin wax at 58 0-600C. The uterus was
sectioned serially at 5 m thickness and stained using the method given in Pearse, (1968).
The sections were stained with the haemotoxylene for 10 minutes and allowed to develop
for 5 to 15 minutes in tap water. After dehydration in 70% ethanol, the sections were
stained with eosin (2% eosin in 70 % alcohol) for 1 to 2 minutes. The slide were washed in
70% ethanol and dehydrated in 90% and absolute alcohol and cleared in xylene and were
mounted in DPX. Each section was examined under light microscope to study the
morphological characteristics of uterine tissue.
Chapter
Four
Results
Phytochemistry
General Histology of
Uterus
Phytochemistry
Preliminary phytochemical screening of F. religiosa barks, showed the presence tannins,
saponins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides (Babu et al., 2010; Jiwala et
al., 2008). The barks of F. religiosa showed the presence of bergapten, bergaptol, lanosterol,
-sitosterol, stigmasterol, lupen-3-one, -sitosterol-d-glucoside (phytosterolin), vitamin
k1(Swami et al., 1989, 1996; Varshney et al., 1965; Ambike et a., 1967). The bark also
contains tannin, wax, saponin, -sitosterol, leucocyanidin-3-0--D-glucopyrancoside,
leucopelargonidin- 3-0--D-glucopyranoside, leucopelargonidin-3-0--L- rhamnopyranoside,
lupeol, ceryl behenate, lupeol acetate, -amyrin acetate, leucoanthocyanidin and
leucoanthocyanin (Husain et al., 1992). Leaves yield campestrol, stigmasterol, isofucosterol,
-amyrin, lupeol, tannic acid, arginine, serine, aspartic acid, glycine, threonine, alanine,
proline, tryptophan, tryosine, methionine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, n-nonacosane, nhentricontanen, hexa-cosanol and n-octacosan (Panda et al., 1976; Verma et al., 1986;
Behari et al., 1984). The fruit of F. religiosa contains asgaragine, tyrosine, undecane,
tridecane, tetradecane, (e)--ocimene, - thujene, -pinene, -pinene, -terpinene,
limonene, dendrolasine, dendrolasine -ylangene, - copaene, -bourbonene, caryophyllene, -trans bergamotene, aromadendrene, -humulene, alloaromadendrene,
germacrene, bicyclogermacrene, -cadinene and -cadinene (Grison et al., 2002). Alanine,
threonine, tyrosine have been reported in seeds of F. religiosa (Ali et al., 1987).
The exclusive phytochemical studies of fruits of Ficus Religiosa were made by Gas
Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) indicating the presence of compounds
listed in the report.
Library Search Report

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2-Chloropropionyl chloride
10832 007623-09-8 74
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10836 007623-09-8 9
1,3-Difluoro-2-propanol
2697 000453-13-4 9
2
10
1.923
2.117
2.295
2.678
2.775
2.833
2.936
3.216
3.353
0.00 C:\Database\NIST08.L
Propane, 2,2-difluoroPropane, 2,2-difluoro1-Chloroethyl sulfone
1048 000420-45-1
1047 000420-45-1
51854 010038-07-0
9
9
4
Butanoic acid, 3-methylButanoic acid, 3-methylButanoic acid, 3-methyl-
4249 000503-74-2 50
4248 000503-74-2 50
4237 000503-74-2 40
Diaziridine,1,3,3-trimethylHydrazinecarbothioamide
1,6-Heptadiyne
1621 040711-15-7
2377 000079-19-6
2440 002396-63-6
9
9
9
Ethanol, 2-propoxyButane, 2,3-dimethylButane, 2,3-dimethyl-
4714 002807-30-9
1821 000079-29-8
1819 000079-29-8
9
7
7
o-Acetyl-L-serine
N-Methoxymethyl-N-methylacetamide
Propanoic acid, ethyl ester
22033 005147-00-2 25
8421 038592-02-8 25
4265 000105-37-3 22
3,4-Dihydroxyproline
S-Methyl 2-propenethioate
2-Imidazolidinethione
22037 1000132-90-7 46
4205 005883-16-9 43
4162 000096-45-7 38
Heptane, 3-methylOctane
Heptane, 2,3-dimethyl-
7552 000589-81-1 46
7546 000111-65-9 43
12557 003074-71-3 38
1H-Imidazole, 1,5-dimethyl1H-Pyrazole, 3,5-dimethyl1H-Pyrazole, 3,5-dimethyl-
2740 010447-93-5 80
2734 000067-51-6 80
2739 000067-51-6 78
3-Furanmethanol
2-Furanmethanol
2-Furanmethanol
3054 004412-91-3 59
3059 000098-00-0 53
3058 000098-00-0 53
11
3.559
l-Alanine, N-methoxycarbonyl-, but 61628 1000313-37-3 43
yl ester
l-Alanine, N-methoxycarbonyl-, non 115804 1000313-37-8 38
yl ester
l-Alanine, N-methoxycarbonyl-, pen 175630 1000313-38-3 38
tadecyl ester
12
3.685
SAMEER FORENSIC.M Wed Feb 01 19:25:22 2012

Data Path
Data File
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Sample
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ALS Vial
: SATENDRA 7.D
: 1 Feb 2012 17:35
:
:
:
: 1
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_____________________________________________________________________________
(S)-(+)-2-Amino-3-methyl-1-butanol
4588 002026-48-4 22
Propane, 1-(ethenylthio)4324 016330-21-5 14
d-Gluconic acid dimethylamide
77382 1000127-52-8 12
13
4.074
1,2-Cyclopentanedione
3069 003008-40-0 64
Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H) 189604 1000265-65-2 59
-dione, 6,7-dichloro-5-[(1-ethylpy
rrolidin-2-yl)methylamino]-1,3-dim
ethylMepivacaine
94825 000096-88-8 53
14
4.275
2-Cyclopenten-1-one, 2-hydroxy2-Pyrrolidinemethanamine, 1-ethyl-
3069 003008-40-0 59
3088 010493-98-8 52
12253 026116-12-1 47
15
4.315
3069 003008-40-0 64
Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H) 189604 1000265-65-2 53
-dione, 6,7-dichloro-5-[(1-ethylpy
rrolidin-2-yl)methylamino]-1,3-dim
ethyl9H-Fluoren-9-one, 3-nitro-2,7-bis[ 211252 146397-91-3 53
2-(1-piperidinyl)ethoxy]-
16
4.452
1,6-Diazabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane
Cyclopentanone, 2-methyl1-Butene, 2-ethyl-3-methyl-
17
18
19
20
21
22
4.561
4.698
4.812
4.841
4.955
5.081
3033 059204-83-0
3207 001120-72-5
3360 007357-93-9
9
9
9
Diglycerol
Ethanethiol, 2-(diethylboryloxy)2(R),3(S)-1,2,3,4-Butanetetrol
34617 000627-82-7 72
21584 1000163-05-6 36
9581 000149-32-6 9
Diglycerol
dl-Threitol
4-(Methylthio)-1-butene
34617 000627-82-7 33
9580 006968-16-7 25
4320 020582-83-6 17
N-Methoxy-N-methylacetamide
Methanamine, N-hydroxy-N-methylMethanamine, N-methoxy-
4532 078191-00-1
311 005725-96-2
309 001117-97-1
9
5
4
Methanamine, N-hydroxy-N-methylN-Methoxy-N-methylacetamide
N-Methoxy-N-methylacetamide
311 005725-96-2
4533 078191-00-1
4532 078191-00-1
5
4
4
L-Arabinitol
Glycerin
Methanamine, N-methoxy-
25127 007643-75-6 39
2403 000056-81-5 9
308 001117-97-1 5
L-Arabinitol
Glycerin
25127 007643-75-6 39
2404 000056-81-5 9

Data Path
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Misc
ALS Vial
: SATENDRA 7.D
: 1 Feb 2012 17:35
:
:
:
: 1
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Qual
_____________________________________________________________________________
Glycerin
2403 000056-81-5 9
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
5.133
5.173
5.224
5.385
5.476
5.551
5.659
5.716
5.797
6.020
6.169
Glycerin
Glycerin
2404 000056-81-5
2403 000056-81-5
308 001117-97-1
9
9
5
Glycerin
Glycerin
2404 000056-81-5
2403 000056-81-5
308 001117-97-1
9
9
5
Glycerin
Glycerin
2403 000056-81-5
2404 000056-81-5
308 001117-97-1
9
9
5
Glycerin
L-Methioninol
2404 000056-81-5
15229 002899-37-8
307 001117-97-1
9
4
4
Glycerin
Glycerin
2403 000056-81-5
2404 000056-81-5
308 001117-97-1
9
9
5
Glycerin
Glycerin
2403 000056-81-5
2404 000056-81-5
308 001117-97-1
9
9
5
Glycerin
Glycerin
2403 000056-81-5
2404 000056-81-5
308 001117-97-1
9
9
5
Glycerin
Glycerin
2403 000056-81-5
2404 000056-81-5
307 001117-97-1
9
9
4
Glycerin
Glycerin
2403 000056-81-5
2404 000056-81-5
307 001117-97-1
9
9
4
4,5-Diamino-2-hydroxypyrimidine
Thymine
4-Amino-5-imidazolecarboxamide hyd
rochloride
1H-Imidazole-4-carboxylic acid, me
thyl ester
3-Furancarboxylic acid, methyl est
er
2-Furancarboxylic acid, hydrazide
10867 023899-73-2 14
10907 000065-71-4 14
10880 000072-40-2 10
10942 017325-26-7 53
11000 013129-23-2 53
10925 003326-71-4 53

Data Path
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ALS Vial
: SATENDRA 7.D
: 1 Feb 2012 17:35
:
:
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: 1
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Qual
_____________________________________________________________________________
34
6.752
2(3H)-Furanone, 5-heptyldihydro47275 000104-67-6 35
3-Methyl-butyric acid, 4-butyl-2-m 102409 1000192-62-1 35
ethyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl es
ter
Valeric acid, but-3-yn-2-yl ester
27169 1000292-48-4 35
35
6.867
Ethanamine, N-ethyl-N-nitrosoEthanamine, N-ethyl-N-nitrosoEthanamine, N-ethyl-N-nitroso-
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
7.027
7.124
7.221
7.267
7.473
7.593
7.639
7.685
4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-di
hydroxy-6-methyl4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-di
hydroxy-6-methyl3,4-Difluoroanisole
4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-di
hydroxy-6-methyl-
4179 000055-18-5 50
4182 000055-18-5 45
4181 000055-18-5 43
20368 028564-83-2 83
20367 028564-83-2 72
20518 115144-40-6 58
20367 028564-83-2 52
20366 028564-83-2 50
20368 028564-83-2 46
Ethyl hydrogen succinate
Ethyl hydrogen succinate
cis-3-Methyl-2-n-propylthiophane
21499 001070-34-4 50
21500 001070-34-4 50
20745 118068-76-1 50
Octanoic Acid
Octanoic Acid
Undecanoic acid
20561 000124-07-2 38
20564 000124-07-2 35
48787 000112-37-8 27
1,2,3,4-Butanetetrol, [S-(R*,R*)]2(R),3(S)-1,2,3,4-Butanetetrol
2-Butanone, 4-hydroxy-3-methyl0.03 C:\Database\NIST08.L
7-Thiabicyclo[4.2.1]nonane
1-Butynyl 2,3-epoxypropyl sulfide
1-Imidazolidinecarboxamide, N-(2-m
ethylpropyl)-2-oxo0.02 C:\Database\NIST08.L
Pentanoic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-, eth
enyl ester
2(3H)-Furanone, 5-butyldihydro2(3H)-Furanone, 5-hexyldihydro0.03 C:\Database\NIST08.L
1,2-Benzenediol
1,2-Benzenediol
1,2-Benzenediol
9585 002319-57-5 38
9581 000149-32-6 32
4291 003393-64-4 28
19605 066555-68-8 59
19279 1000250-49-7 53
48448 030979-48-7 43
28573 044970-05-0 64
19490 000104-50-7 59
37182 000706-14-9 59
5706 000120-80-9 38
5708 000120-80-9 38
5707 000120-80-9 35

Data Path
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ALS Vial
: SATENDRA 7.D
: 1 Feb 2012 17:35
:
:
:
: 1
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CAS#
Qual
_____________________________________________________________________________
44
45
46
47
48
7.971
8.011
8.165
8.371
8.434
1,3-Dithiane
Benzofuran, 2,3-dihydro4-Cyanopyridine-N-oxide
Thiophene, 2,3-dihydroCyclohexanol, 1,3-dimethyl-, cis2(3H)-Furanone, 5-heptyldihydro0.81 C:\Database\NIST08.L
2-Furancarboxaldehyde, 5-(hydroxym
ethyl)2-Furancarboxaldehyde, 5-(hydroxym
ethyl)1H-Pyrazol-4-amine, 3-methyl0.04 C:\Database\NIST08.L
Benzeneacetic acid
Benzeneacetic acid, decyl ester
Benzeneacetic acid
2-Mercaptophenol
Cyclohexane, 1-ethyl-4-methyl-, ci
sCyclopentene, 3,5-dimethoxy-
9127 000505-23-7 47
9282 000496-16-2 46
9223 014906-59-3 38
1691 001120-59-8 47
12495 015466-94-1 43
47280 000104-67-6 38
11003 000067-47-0 91
11004 000067-47-0 91
2927 1000338-28-2 43
16087 000103-82-2 25
118374 1000281-80-3 22
16085 000103-82-2 15
11007 001121-24-0 38
11495 004926-78-7 35
12099 089897-05-2 25
49
8.629
2-Decenal, (E)26178 003913-81-3 50
Trichloroacetic acid, undecyl este 148361 074339-49-4 43
1-Pentadecene
67238 013360-61-7 43
50
8.927
Hydroquinone
Hydroquinone
Hydroquinone
5704 000123-31-9 50
5703 000123-31-9 50
5705 000123-31-9 50
51
9.030
Methyl 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexae 167009 1000336-50-3 30
noate
6-[(1Z)-1,3-Butadienyl]-1,4-cycloh 21372 084899-15-0 27
eptadiene
1,3,6-Octatriene
5354 000929-20-4 25
52
9.075
2-Cyclopentene-1-carboxylic acid,
1-methylBicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, 2-chloro-2methyl-, exo7-Thiabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane
53
9.155
3H-Pyrazol-3-one, 2,4-dihydro-4,4,
5-trimethyl1,3,5-Benzenetriol
4,6-Dihydroxy-2-methylpyrimidine
11091 068317-77-1 35
20558 019138-54-6 35
7267 000286-28-2 22
10962 003201-20-5 38
10980 000108-73-6 38
10923 040497-30-1 38

Data Path
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: SATENDRA 7.D
: 1 Feb 2012 17:35
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_____________________________________________________________________________
54
8-Thiabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-ene
11107 040698-01-9 38
2-Fluorobenzyl alcohol
11172 000446-51-5 38
1,3,5-Benzenetriol
10985 000108-73-6 25
55
56
57
9.390
9.453
9.722
Phenol, 2-ethyl-4,5-dimethyl2-Cyclopenten-1-one, 2-(2-butenyl)
-3-methyl-, (Z)Ethanone, 1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphe
nyl)0.04 C:\Database\NIST08.L
Cinnoline, 3-methylBenzofuran, 2-ethenyl3-Methyl-4-methylamino-1,2,4-triaz
ole-5-thiol
d-Mannitol, 1,4-anhydro2-Hexenal, 2-ethylD-Arabinitol
23367 002219-78-5 52
23493 017190-71-5 52
24132 001450-72-2 46
20891 017372-78-0 30
20136 007522-79-4 30
20230 065901-90-8 27
33213 007726-97-8 25
11224 000645-62-5 25
25125 000488-82-4 22
58
9.819
Butanoic acid, 3-methyl-, propyl e 20681 000557-00-6 50
ster
Methyl 3-hydroxytetradecanoate
104177 055682-83-2 27
Valeric acid, octadecyl ester
174190 1000281-76-4 27
59
9.905
1,3,2-Oxathiaborole, 2-cyclooctylButanoic acid, 3-methyl-, propyl e
ster
D-Gluconic acid, .gamma.-lactone
60
61
62
63
64
10.208
10.260
10.306
10.466
10.735
4-Ethylcatechol
3,5-Dimethyl-2-furyl methyl ketone
1,3-Benzenediol, 4-ethyl0.05 C:\Database\NIST08.L
1-Ethyl-3-methylcyclohexane (c,t)
2H-Pyran-2-one, 5,6-dihydro-6-pent
yl2H-Pyrrol-2-one, 1,5-dihydro-1-met
hyl-
57581 1000161-87-1 35
20693 000557-00-6 27
43181 001198-69-2 25
17054 001124-39-6 80
17153 022940-86-9 72
17104 002896-60-8 72
11488 003728-55-0 25
35614 054814-64-1 25
2951 013950-21-5 25
2,3'-Bifuran, octahydroCyclohexane, (3,3-dimethylpentyl)4-Hexen-3-ol
19400 073373-15-6 27
46123 061142-22-1 25
3761 004798-58-7 25
3-Methyl-2-thiophenecarboxylic aci
Hydrazine, (3-chlorophenyl)Pentanoic acid, 4-oxo-, ethyl este
19173 023806-24-8 27
19218 014763-20-3 15
20404 000539-88-8 14
4-Undecene, 4-methyl-, (Z)-
36012 074630-57-2 35

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: SATENDRA 7.D
: 1 Feb 2012 17:35
:
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Qual
_____________________________________________________________________________
Cyclohexane, 1,2,3-trimethyl-, (1. 11510 007667-55-2 18
alpha.,2.alpha.,3.beta.)2-Aminooxy-4-methylvaleric acid, m 31129 091666-50-1 18
ethyl ester
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
10.855
10.929
11.049
11.129
11.313
11.570
11.679
11.742
11.788
12.056
Benzeneethanol, 4-hydroxyBenzeneethanol, 4-hydroxyBenzeneethanol, 4-hydroxy-
17122 000501-94-0 83
17112 000501-94-0 83
17121 000501-94-0 80
2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole
3,5-Dimethylanisole
2-(2-Hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-3,5,6trimethylpyrazine
15917 000273-13-2 52
16196 000874-63-5 50
91800 010130-14-0 50
4H-Pyran-4-one, 5-hydroxy-2-(hydro
xymethyl)4H-Pyran-4-one, 5-hydroxy-2-(hydro
xymethyl)4H-Pyran-4-one, 5-hydroxy-2-(hydro
xymethyl)0.05 C:\Database\NIST08.L
4-Decanone
Methylthiouracil
Oxalic acid, decyl propyl ester
2-Pentene, 1-butoxyOxalic acid, monoamide, n-propyl,
dodecyl ester
Cyclopentanol, acetate
19201 000501-30-4 91
19199 000501-30-4 91
19200 000501-30-4 83
27702 000624-16-8 18
19097 000056-04-2 14
114988 1000309-26-3 10
19708 034061-66-0 22
136022 1000309-65-1 10
12067 000933-05-1 10
4-Fluorobenzyl alcohol
5-Methyl-2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde
4(3H)-Pyrimidinone, 6-amino-2-meth
yl-
11175 000459-56-3 43
11020 013679-70-4 43
10642 1000338-09-8 25
d-Gluco-heptulosan
Tridecanoic acid
Pentanoic acid, 1-methylethyl este
67385 1000126-85-2 58
70146 000638-53-9 53
20671 018362-97-5 53
Heneicosane, 3-methyl1,3,5-Benzenetriol
1-Octanol, 2-butyl0.06 C:\Database\NIST08.L
Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxyBenzoic acid, 4-hydroxyBenzoic acid, 4-hydroxy0.02 C:\Database\NIST08.L
Benzenamine, 3,5-dimethylHexadecane, 1-chloro-
144476 006418-47-9 35
10985 000108-73-6 25
49050 003913-02-8 25
17026 000099-96-7 50
17027 000099-96-7 50
17023 000099-96-7 50
9495 000108-69-0 25
105800 004860-03-1 20

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ALS Vial
: SATENDRA 7.D
: 1 Feb 2012 17:35
:
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Qual
_____________________________________________________________________________
2-Piperidinone, N-[4-bromo-n-butyl 84945 195194-80-0 18
]75
76
77
12.137
12.251
12.302
Pyrido[3,4-b]-1H-indole, 1,2-dihyd
ro-1,2-dimethylDibenzofuran, 2-methoxyDibenzofuran, 2-methoxy0.01 C:\Database\NIST08.L
Thiazole, 4-ethyl-2-propylNonahexacontanoic acid
Thiazole, 5-ethyl-2-methyl0.03 C:\Database\NIST08.L
Benzeneacetic acid, 4-ethoxyBenzeneacetic acid, .alpha.-hydrox
y-, ethyl ester
Tyrosine
57995 1000128-31-1 55
57927 020357-70-4 53
57930 020357-70-4 45
27599 041981-68-4 45
220397 040710-32-5 38
11676 019961-52-5 38
44075 004919-33-9 81
44194 000774-40-3 59
45544 000060-18-4 58
78
12.348
Decane, 3,6-dimethyl37498 017312-53-7 35
.beta.-D-Glucopyranose, 4-O-.beta. 166324 005965-66-2 35
-D-galactopyranosylPentatriacontane
212668 000630-07-9 30
79
12.474
Dehydroacetic Acid
Dehydroacetic Acid
Dehydroacetic Acid
36407 000520-45-6 42
36406 000520-45-6 42
36404 000520-45-6 42
2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoroanisole
2,4,7(1H,3H,8H)-Pteridinetrione
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine
44905 002324-98-3 52
44847 002577-38-0 46
77161 022004-32-6 43
80
81
12.514
12.554
2-Hydroxy-4-hydroxylaminopyrimidin
2H-Azepin-2-one, hexahydro-1-methy
lUrea, 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-propyl-
11572 020555-88-8 52
11735 002556-73-2 50
68251 013208-64-5 50
82
12.817
Sorbitol
46254 000050-70-4 52
Lactose
166318 000063-42-3 22
Sulfurous acid, butyl heptadecyl e 185909 1000309-18-4 18
ster
83
12.863
Diethyl Phthalate
Diethyl Phthalate
Diethyl Phthalate
75930 000084-66-2 92
75932 000084-66-2 53
75933 000084-66-2 52
L-Arabinitol
Xylitol
DL-Arabinitol
25126 007643-75-6 50
25120 000087-99-0 50
25128 006018-27-5 50
84
85
12.943
13.166

Data Path
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ALS Vial
: SATENDRA 7.D
: 1 Feb 2012 17:35
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: 1
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_____________________________________________________________________________
Octane, 1-propoxy38907 029379-41-7 18
D-Glucuronolactone
41805 032449-92-6 18
Undecane, 5-methyl37487 001632-70-8 18
86
13.252
3-Deoxy-d-mannoic lactone
31815 1000127-87-1 43
-D-galactopyranosyl.beta.-D-Glucopyranose, 4-O-.beta. 166324 005965-66-2 38
-D-galactopyranosyl-
87
13.344
Benzophenone
Benzophenone
Benzophenone
46078 000119-61-9 93
46077 000119-61-9 93
46075 000119-61-9 93
88
13.493
-D-galactopyranosylD-glycero-D-gulo-Heptonic acid, .d 65827 003063-04-5 30
elta.-lactone
7-Thiabicyclo[4.2.1]nonane
19605 066555-68-8 25
89
13.538
D-Glucuronolactone
41805 032449-92-6 38
-D-galactopyranosyl4,6-Dioxadodecane
39980 1000334-82-2 25
90
13.590
D-Glucuronolactone
2H-Pyran-2-acetic acid, tetrahydro
9-Oxabicyclo[6.1.0]nonane
41805 032449-92-6 38
20399 1000337-43-1 30
11271 000286-62-4 25
91
13.636
Octadecane, 1-chloro127610 003386-33-2 30
-D-galactopyranosyl1-Octadecanesulphonyl chloride
172600 1000342-70-4 30
92
13.687
Z-10-Tetradecen-1-ol acetate
100969 1000130-99-3 56
1,2-15,16-Diepoxyhexadecane
100968 1000192-65-0 47
Cyclohexanol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methyl 26502 000089-79-2 44
ethenyl)-, [1R-(1.alpha.,2.beta.,5
.alpha.)]-
93
13.807
Demeton-S-methyl sulfone
107476 017040-19-6 35
Dimethyl 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylat 59741 004282-34-2 35
Phenol, 2-chloro-4-(1,1-dimethylet 47117 000098-28-2 27
hyl)-
94
13.933
1-Octadecanesulphonyl chloride
Nonadecane, 9-methylOctadecane, 1-chloro-
95
14.025
172600 1000342-70-4 49
122939 013287-24-6 49
127610 003386-33-2 49

Data Path
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: SATENDRA 7.D
: 1 Feb 2012 17:35
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_____________________________________________________________________________
Imidazole-4-carboxylic acid, 5-ami 36863 054147-04-5 27
no-1-methyl-, ethyl ester
N-Acetylpyrrolidone
11634 000932-17-2 25
1,1,4-Trimethylsilacyclohexane
19650 101772-54-7 25
96
14.105
5-Trifluoromethyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol 36783 068744-64-9 50
e-3(2H)-thione
4-(Dimethylamino)-6-(methylamino)- 36825 1000326-88-9 47
1,3,5-triazin-2-ol
Demeton-S-methyl sulfone
107476 017040-19-6 35
97
14.374
Estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17.beta.-ol 102857 002529-64-8 62
Cyclohexane, 1R-acetamido-4-cis-ac 69310 077803-85-1 50
etoxy-2,3-cis-epoxyTetrapentacontane, 1,54-dibromo220337 1000156-09-4 50
98
14.477
Lactose
166319 000063-42-3 58
Tetrapentacontane, 1,54-dibromo220337 1000156-09-4 50
-D-galactopyranosyl-
99
14.517
Octadecanoic acid
124560 000057-11-4 45
2-Dodecen-1-yl(-)succinic anhydrid 110188 019780-11-1 38
Tetrapentacontane, 1,54-dibromo220337 1000156-09-4 30
100
14.574
Tetradecanoic acid
Tetradecanoic acid
Tetradecanoic acid
81211 000544-63-8 98
81212 000544-63-8 96
81213 000544-63-8 95
101
14.637
Octatriacontyl pentafluoropropiona 219488 1000351-89-1 25
te
Bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one, 6-hydr 88301 1000157-57-0 25
oxy-5-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)-6-vin
ylHexatriacontyl pentafluoropropiona 219133 1000351-89-0 15
te
102
14.734
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis( 97709 000605-45-8 55
1-methylethyl) ester
Dibutyl phthalate
119537 000084-74-2 53
Didodecyl phthalate
213495 002432-90-8 52
103
14.803
]D-Gulonic acid .gamma.-lactone
43176 006322-07-2 41
Nonahexacontanoic acid
220397 040710-32-5 35
104
14.940
Tetradecanoic acid, ethyl ester
Docosanoic acid, ethyl ester
Ethyl 15-methyl-hexadecanoate
102764 000124-06-1 81
181854 005908-87-2 72
135375 1000336-64-5 72

Data Path
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: SATENDRA 7.D
: 1 Feb 2012 17:35
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_____________________________________________________________________________
105
106
107
14.998
15.055
15.198
Docosane
Nonadecane
144472 000629-97-0 80
112042 000629-92-5 55
220397 040710-32-5 55
Benzenemethanamine, 3-fluoroNonahexacontanoic acid
Tetrapentacontane, 1,54-dibromo-
10763 000100-82-3 30
220397 040710-32-5 30
220337 1000156-09-4 30
Hexadecane, 1-(ethenyloxy)Nonadecane, 2-methyl-
220397 040710-32-5 60
112032 000822-28-6 53
122940 001560-86-7 52
108
15.329
Dibutyl phthalate
119537 000084-74-2 50
Phthalic acid, di(2-methylbutyl) e 141215 1000322-82-5 47
ster
Phthalic acid, cyclohexylmethyl is 169371 1000309-07-1 47
ohexyl ester
109
15.444
cis-Vaccenic acid
122781 000506-17-2 83
cis-13-Octadecenoic acid
122788 013126-39-1 80
9-Methyl-Z-10-tetradecen-1-ol acet 111913 1000130-99-4 72
ate
110
15.604
Pentadecanoic acid
Pentadecanoic acid
Octadecanoic acid
91826 001002-84-2 95
91830 001002-84-2 92
124560 000057-11-4 62
trans-13-Octadecenoic acid
Oleic Acid
122788 013126-39-1 84
122798 000693-71-0 62
122779 000112-80-1 58
111
15.684
112
15.736
Octatriacontyl pentafluoropropiona 219488 1000351-89-1 53
te
1-Decanol, 2-hexyl91959 002425-77-6 50
122798 000693-71-0 46
113
15.787
Phthalic acid, butyl tetradecyl es 200872 1000308-91-3 86
ter
Phthalic acid, decyl isobutyl este 178585 1000308-94-2 86
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis( 119602 000084-69-5 86
2-methylpropyl) ester
114
15.953
Heptadecanoic acid
n-Hexadecanoic acid
Heptadecanoic acid
113650 000506-12-7 90
102726 000057-10-3 84
113652 000506-12-7 64
cis-Vaccenic acid
122781 000506-17-2 86
115
16.079

Data Path
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ALS Vial
: SATENDRA 7.D
: 1 Feb 2012 17:35
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_____________________________________________________________________________
cis-9-Hexadecenoic acid
100949 1000333-19-5 62
122798 000693-71-0 59
116
16.268
Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester
113682 000112-39-0 98
113690 000112-39-0 98
113688 000112-39-0 98
117
16.331
Oleic Acid
122780 000112-80-1 91
1-Docosene
142951 001599-67-3 83
]-
118
16.474
9-Hexadecenoic acid
Hexadecenoic acid, Z-11-
119
16.554
120

n-Hexadecanoic acid
n-Hexadecanoic acid
n-Hexadecanoic acid
121
122
123
124
125
126
16.817
16.954
17.235
17.338
17.590
17.653
100949 1000333-19-5 97
100946 002091-29-4 96
100951 002416-20-8 89
9-Hexadecenoic acid
100946 002091-29-4 91
100949 1000333-19-5 84
Heptafluorobutyric acid, n-tetrade 198388 007365-36-8 70
cyl ester
102726 000057-10-3 99
102725 000057-10-3 98
102724 000057-10-3 93
n-Hexadecanoic acid
n-Hexadecanoic acid
n-Hexadecanoic acid
102726 000057-10-3 99
102725 000057-10-3 98
102724 000057-10-3 93
Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester
124589 000628-97-7 98
124593 000628-97-7 96
124591 000628-97-7 91
n-Hexadecanoic acid
Octadecanoic acid
Octadecanoic acid
102724 000057-10-3 90
124560 000057-11-4 87
124556 000057-11-4 87
Octadecanoic acid
n-Decanoic acid
n-Hexadecanoic acid
124560 000057-11-4 86
38608 000334-48-5 76
102726 000057-10-3 74
Octadecanoic acid
n-Hexadecanoic acid
n-Decanoic acid
124560 000057-11-4 90
102726 000057-10-3 81
38608 000334-48-5 76
]n-Hexadecanoic acid
102726 000057-10-3 52

Data Path
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ALS Vial
: SATENDRA 7.D
: 1 Feb 2012 17:35
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_____________________________________________________________________________
1-Pentadecanol acetate
113663 000629-58-3 51
127
128
17.744
17.853
n-Hexadecanoic acid
n-Hexadecanoic acid
n-Decanoic acid
102725 000057-10-3 74
102724 000057-10-3 53
38608 000334-48-5 50
tert-Hexadecanethiol
n-Hexadecanoic acid
Heptadecanoic acid, ethyl ester
104310 025360-09-2 60
102726 000057-10-3 46
135382 014010-23-2 41
129
17.893
9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, 132273 000112-63-0 99
methyl ester
Methyl 10-trans,12-cis-octadecadie 132261 1000336-44-2 99
noate
9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, 132274 000112-63-0 99
methyl ester
130
17.956
9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, met 130794 000301-00-8 99
hyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, met 130797 000301-00-8 95
hyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)9,12,15-Octadecatrien-1-ol, (Z,Z,Z 108923 000506-44-5 94
)-
131
18.024
n-Hexadecanoic acid
102726 000057-10-3 49
Pentadecanoic acid
91826 001002-84-2 46
Oxalic acid, isobutyl tetradecyl e 166815 1000309-37-9 46
ster
132
18.150
Methyl 11-oxo-9-undecenoate
n-Hexadecanoic acid
n-Hexadecanoic acid
68478 053613-55-1 55
102725 000057-10-3 52
102724 000057-10-3 50
133

9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)121228 000060-33-3 96
9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (Z, 119802 000463-40-1 87
Z,Z)Methyl 8,11,14-heptadecatrienoate 119800 1000336-35-1 83
134
18.660
Z,Z)9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (Z, 119801 000463-40-1 98
Z,Z)9,12,15-Octadecatrien-1-ol, (Z,Z,Z 108923 000506-44-5 94
)-
135
18.785
Octadecanoic acid, ethyl ester
Methyl 17-methyl-octadecanoate
Heptadecanoic acid, ethyl ester
136
19.306
145979 000111-61-5 97
145986 1000336-21-8 91
135391 014010-23-2 89

Data Path
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: SATENDRA 7.D
: 1 Feb 2012 17:35
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_____________________________________________________________________________
Z,Z)Methyl 2-hydroxy-octadeca-9,12,15- 142809 1000336-39-1 98
trienoate
Methyl 8,11,14-heptadecatrienoate 119800 1000336-35-1 93
137
19.684
)Methyl 8,11,14-heptadecatrienoate 119800 1000336-35-1 93
138
19.861
)Methyl 8,11,14-heptadecatrienoate 119800 1000336-35-1 93
139
19.958
Z,Z)Butyl 9,12,15-octadecatrienoate
161867 1000336-54-6 87
Methyl 11,14,17-eicosatrienoate
151887 1000336-41-3 87
140
20.176
Z,Z)9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)121228 000060-33-3 93
Methyl 8,11,14-heptadecatrienoate 119800 1000336-35-1 90
141
20.348
9,12,15-Octadecatrien-1-ol, (Z,Z,Z 108923 000506-44-5 70
)-
142
20.422
Z,Z)(Z)6,(Z)9-Pentadecadien-1-ol
78143 077899-11-7 95
hyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)-
143
20.679
Octadecanoic acid, ethyl ester
124592 000628-97-7 45
124593 000628-97-7 45
145977 000111-61-5 43
144
20.868
Gamolenic Acid
119795 000506-26-3 60
145
21.051

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ALS Vial
: SATENDRA 7.D
: 1 Feb 2012 17:35
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_____________________________________________________________________________
)Cyclododecyne
33034 001129-90-4 78
146
21.395
Benzo[d,E]benzimidazo[2,1-a]isoqui 159372 331244-02-1 60
nolin-7-one, 2-nitro-3-hydroxy4,4'-((p-Phenylene)diisopropyliden 169551 002167-51-3 22
e)diphenol
2-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-propyl-4-[[( 159359 1000276-14-2 22
tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl)-amino
]-methylene]-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3
-one
147
21.749
)12-Methyl-E,E-2,13-octadecadien-1- 121324 1000130-90-4 87
ol
148
21.847
Z,Z)12-Methyl-E,E-2,13-octadecadien-1- 121324 1000130-90-4 80
ol
7,10,13-Hexadecatrienoic acid, met 108848 056554-30-4 70
hyl ester
149
21.973
Nonanoic acid, 9-(3-hexenylidenecy 172845 055268-58-1 98
clopropylidene)-, 2-hydroxy-1-(hyd
roxymethyl)ethyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (Z, 119801 000463-40-1 96
Z,Z)9,12-Tetradecadien-1-ol, acetate,
99443 031654-77-0 78
(Z,E)-
150
22.219
Z,Z)Butyl 9,12,15-octadecatrienoate
161867 1000336-54-6 70
Cyclopropaneoctanal, 2-octyl121319 056196-06-6 62
151
22.436
Z,Z)9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, eth 141488 001191-41-9 70
yl ester, (Z,Z,Z)Gamolenic Acid
119795 000506-26-3 62
152
22.831
Propenone, 1-(adamantan-1-yl)-3-(1 124535 1000303-47-3 49
,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono 119598 004376-20-9 42
(2-ethylhexyl) ester
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono 119596 004376-20-9 38

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ALS Vial
: SATENDRA 7.D
: 1 Feb 2012 17:35
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_____________________________________________________________________________
(2-ethylhexyl) ester
153
22.980
Z,Z)13-Tetradece-11-yn-1-ol
65605 1000131-00-4 90
11,13-Dimethyl-12-tetradecen-1-ol 122831 1000130-81-0 64
acetate
154
23.071
12-Methyl-E,E-2,13-octadecadien-1- 121324 1000130-90-4 78
ol
hyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (Z, 119801 000463-40-1 59
Z,Z)-
155
23.283
Benzo[d,E]benzimidazo[2,1-a]isoqui 159372 331244-02-1 95
nolin-7-one, 2-nitro-3-hydroxyIndole-3-carboxylic acid, 5-hydrox 159480 300860-45-1 35
y-1-(2-ethylhexyl)-2-methyl-, ethy
l ester
Pyrazole, 3-(2-furyl)-1-(4-nitroph 159373 1000272-62-9 35
enyl)-5-phenyl-
156
23.483
124593 000628-97-7 41
Heneicosanoic acid, 2,4-dimethyl-, 181870 055282-08-1 41
methyl ester
124591 000628-97-7 41
157
24.708
Cyclohexene, 4-(4-ethylcyclohexyl) 107443 301643-32-3 95
-1-pentyl11,13-Dimethyl-12-tetradecen-1-ol 122831 1000130-81-0 83
acetate
12-Methyl-E,E-2,13-octadecadien-1- 121324 1000130-90-4 56
ol
158
24.994
2-Methyl-Z,Z-3,13-octadecadienol
cis-Vaccenic acid
121320 1000130-90-5 83
122798 000693-71-0 55
122781 000506-17-2 55
159
25.165
Benzenebutanol, .alpha.-phenyl79846 030078-89-8 43
4,9-Decadienoic acid, 2-nitro-, et 90755 029085-46-9 27
hyl ester
121320 1000130-90-5 25
160
25.698
Butyl 9,12,15-octadecatrienoate
161867 1000336-54-6 97
Nonanoic acid, 9-(3-hexenylidenecy 172845 055268-58-1 95
clopropylidene)-, 2-hydroxy-1-(hyd
roxymethyl)ethyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)9,12,15-Octadecatrien-1-ol, (Z,Z,Z 108923 000506-44-5 91
)-

Data Path
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: SATENDRA 7.D
: 1 Feb 2012 17:35
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_____________________________________________________________________________
161 25.972 0.27 C:\Database\NIST08.L
9,12-Tetradecadien-1-ol, acetate,
99443 031654-77-0 70
(Z,E)exo-Tricyclo[5.3.1.0(2.6)]undecane 23572 1000215-30-2 58
Z,Z)162
27.305
2H-1-Benzopyran-3-ol, 3,4-dihydro- 148767 003143-21-3 80
5,7-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl), (2R-cis)4(1H)-Oxopyridine-1-carboxylic aci 35400 057330-83-3 41
d, ethyl ester
Thioguanine
35221 000154-42-7 38
163
27.580
(R)-(-)-14-Methyl-8-hexadecyn-1-ol 99537 064566-18-3 62
Bicyclo[10.1.0]tridec-1-ene
43086 054766-91-5 56
1,2-15,16-Diepoxyhexadecane
100968 1000192-65-0 56
164
27.929
Ethyl 9-decenoate
cis-Vaccenic acid
57744 067233-91-4 60
122798 000693-71-0 55
122781 000506-17-2 53
165
28.931
2,6,10,14,18,22-Tetracosahexaene, 198715 000111-02-4 97
2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-, (allE)2,6,10-Dodecatrien-1-ol, 3,7,11-tr 76495 004602-84-0 86
imethyl2,6,10-Dodecatrien-1-ol, 3,7,11-tr 76501 004602-84-0 83
imethyl-
166
29.972
121320 1000130-90-5 90
Z,Z-10,12-Hexadecadien-1-ol acetat 121237 1000130-89-5 64
122788 013126-39-1 55
167
29.989
121320 1000130-90-5 89
2-Dodecen-1-yl(-)succinic anhydrid 110188 019780-11-1 87
122788 013126-39-1 84
168
30.189
7-Oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane, 1-meth 35739 000096-08-2 53
yl-4-(2-methyloxiranyl)E,Z-2,13-Octadecadien-1-ol acetate 142877 1000130-90-7 43
Cyclohexane-1,2-diol, 4-(bicylo[2. 67009 1000260-16-0 38
2.1]hept-2-yl)-
169
31.185
13-Tetradecen-1-ol acetate
Tetrapentacontane, 1,54-dibromocis-Vaccenic acid
100958 056221-91-1 86
220337 1000156-09-4 70
122781 000506-17-2 66
13-Tetradecen-1-ol acetate
100958 056221-91-1 72
122788 013126-39-1 72
170
32.181

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ALS Vial
: SATENDRA 7.D
: 1 Feb 2012 17:35
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_____________________________________________________________________________
122798 000693-71-0 70
171
32.965
1,5,9-Decatriene, 2,3,5,8-tetramet 53227 230646-72-7 60
hyl2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol, 3,4-dihydro- 196564 000119-13-1 55
2,8-dimethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltr
idecyl)-, [2R-[2R*(4R*,8R*)]]2,7,11-Trimethyl-4-phenylthiododec 147599 1000190-11-3 38
a-2,6,10-triene
172
37.742
.gamma.-Tocopherol
200397 007616-22-0 95
.gamma.-Tocopherol
200396 007616-22-0 95
3,4-Dihydro-3,5,8-trimethyl-3-(4,8 208674 1000105-71-9 72
,12-trimethyltridecyl)-(2H)1-benzo
pyran-6-acetate
173
38.028
.gamma.-Tocopherol
200396 007616-22-0 87
122798 000693-71-0 46
122788 013126-39-1 45
174
40.409
Heptafluorobutanoic acid, heptadec 207562 1000282-97-3 46
yl ester
2,3-Nonadecanediol
136976 054934-55-3 43
Cyclopropane carboxamide, 2-cyclop 64796 331416-19-4 42
ropyl-2-methyl-N-(1-cyclopropyleth
yl)-
175
40.426
26-Nor-5-cholesten-3.beta.-ol-25-o 190403 007494-34-0 90
ne
26-Nor-5-cholesten-3.beta.-ol-25-o 190402 007494-34-0 44
ne
Docosyl trifluoroacetate
201691 1000351-75-5 25
176
41.639
Heptafluorobutanoic acid, heptadec 207562 1000282-97-3 50
yl ester
13-Oxabicyclo[10.1.0]tridecane
46037 000286-99-7 48
(2,2,6-Trimethyl-bicyclo[4.1.0]hep 35907 078996-11-9 45
t-1-yl)-methanol
177
42.297
Vitamin E
dl-.alpha.-Tocopherol
dl-.alpha.-Tocopherol
203745 000059-02-9 99
203748 010191-41-0 95
203749 010191-41-0 93
178
47.109
Ergost-22-en-3-ol, (3.alpha.,5.bet 195920 055527-92-9 70
a.,22E)Campesterol
195897 000474-62-4 66
Ergost-5-en-3-ol, (3.beta.)195904 004651-51-8 50
179
47.178
Ergost-5-en-3-ol, (3.beta.)Campesterol
195904 004651-51-8 50
195897 000474-62-4 46

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_____________________________________________________________________________
Cholest-2-ene-2-methanol, (5.alpha 195909 053287-18-6 45
.)180
49.644
Stigmasterol
Stigmasterol
Stigmasterol
199250 000083-48-7 99
199252 000083-48-7 87
199251 000083-48-7 86
181
50.062
Stigmasterol
199250 000083-48-7 72
Ergost-25-ene-3,5,6,12-tetrol, (3. 207113 056052-97-2 53
beta.,5.alpha.,6.beta.,12.beta.)Trichloroacetic acid, 3-tetradecyl 175990 1000282-06-7 38
ester
182
52.162
Lanosterol
202780 000079-63-0 70
beta.,5.alpha.,6.beta.,12.beta.)9,19-Cyclolanost-24-en-3-ol, (3.be 202807 000469-38-5 49
ta.)-
183
52.185
beta.,5.alpha.,6.beta.,12.beta.)Cyclopropa[5,6]-33-norgorgostan-3- 202836 053761-94-7 62
ol, 3',6-dihydro-, (3.beta.,5.beta
.,6.alpha.,22.xi.,23.xi.)Lanosterol
202780 000079-63-0 49
184
52.208
Cyclopropa[5,6]-33-norgorgostan-3- 202836 053761-94-7 58
ol, 3',6-dihydro-, (3.beta.,5.beta
.,6.alpha.,22.xi.,23.xi.)26,26-Dimethyl-5,23-ergostadien-3. 202810 090195-41-8 55
beta.-ol
Lanosterol
202780 000079-63-0 50
185
54.330
.gamma.-Sitosterol
.beta.-Sitosterol
.beta.-Sitosterol
199879 000083-47-6 97
199877 000083-46-5 95
199878 000083-46-5 95
186
54.777
.beta.-Sitosterol
199878 000083-46-5 92
beta.,5.alpha.,6.beta.,12.beta.)2,3-Nonadecanediol
136976 054934-55-3 38
187
55.852
.beta.-Amyrin
202784 000559-70-6 95
.alpha.-Amyrin
202785 000638-95-9 91
2(1H)Naphthalenone, 3,5,6,7,8,8a-h 73256 1000188-66-5 87
exahydro-4,8a-dimethyl-6-(1-methyl
ethenyl)-
188
55.887
.beta.-Amyrin
.alpha.-Amyrin
202784 000559-70-6 95
202785 000638-95-9 93

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_____________________________________________________________________________
ethenyl)189
55.910
.beta.-Amyrin
202784 000559-70-6 95
.alpha.-Amyrin
202785 000638-95-9 93
(1S,6R,9S)-5,5,9,10-Tetramethyltri 73308 1000298-97-8 74
cyclo[7.3.0.0(1,6)]dodec-10(11)-en
190
57.500
4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,12,14b-Octamethyl- 202302 1000194-64-2 99
1,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12
,12a,14,14a,14b-octadecahydro-2H-p
icen-3-one
ethenyl)Benzo[b]naphtho[2,3-d]furan
73280 000243-42-5 55
191
59.812
.alpha.-Amyrin
.beta.-Amyrin
.alpha.-Amyrin
202785 000638-95-9 96
202784 000559-70-6 81
202786 000638-95-9 80
192
59.835
.alpha.-Amyrin
202785 000638-95-9 96
.alpha.-Amyrin
202786 000638-95-9 80
5(1H)-Azulenone, 2,4,6,7,8,8a-hexa 73264 006754-66-1 76
hydro-3,8-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethy
lidene)-, (8S-cis)-
193
60.115
.alpha.-Amyrin
Benzo[b]naphtho[2,3-d]furan
Lupeol
202785 000638-95-9 83
73280 000243-42-5 83
202777 000545-47-1 60
Lupeol
Benzo[b]naphtho[2,3-d]furan
Longifolenaldehyde
202777 000545-47-1 83
73280 000243-42-5 60
74744 019890-84-7 45
194
60.207
195
66.896
12-Oleanen-3-yl acetate, (3.alpha. 210019 033055-28-6 99
)Urs-12-en-24-oic acid, 3-oxo-, met 210009 020475-86-9 86
hyl ester, (+)2(1H)Naphthalenone, 3,5,6,7,8,8a-h 73256 1000188-66-5 81
ethenyl)-
196
66.936
12-Oleanen-3-yl acetate, (3.alpha. 210019 033055-28-6 99
)2(1H)Naphthalenone, 3,5,6,7,8,8a-h 73256 1000188-66-5 81
ethenyl)Pyrene, hexadecahydro73288 002435-85-0 64

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_____________________________________________________________________________
197 67.817 0.01 C:\Database\NIST08.L
Naphthalene, 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-oct 62518 000473-13-2 64
ahydro-4a,8-dimethyl-2-(1-methylet
henyl)-, [2R-(2.alpha.,4a.alpha.,8
a.beta.)]Naphthalene, 2,3,4,4a,5,6-hexahydr 62410 000473-14-3 64
o-1,4a-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethyl).delta.-Selinene
62288 028624-23-9 64
198
68.006
Naphthalene, 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-oct 62518 000473-13-2 91
ahydro-4a,8-dimethyl-2-(1-methylet
henyl)-, [2R-(2.alpha.,4a.alpha.,8
a.beta.)]9,19-Cyclolanost-24-en-3-ol, aceta 210029 001259-10-5 81
te, (3.beta.).alpha.1-Sitosterol
202796 000474-40-8 80
199
68.023
Farnesyl bromide
124112 006874-67-5 55
1H-Cycloprop[e]azulene, decahydro- 62538 000489-39-4 45
1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylene-, [1aR
-(1a.alpha.,4a.alpha.,7.alpha.,7a.
beta.,7b.alpha.)]1,4-Methanoazulene, decahydro-4,8, 62480 000475-20-7 41
8-trimethyl-9-methylene-, [1S-(1.a
lpha.,3a.beta.,4.alpha.,8a.beta.)]
200
68.149
.alpha.1-Sitosterol
202796 000474-40-8 38
1-(3-Methyl-benzoyl)-3-(3-methyl-p 125052 1000295-38-8 30
yridin-2-yl)-thiourea
Morphine
125237 000057-27-2 30
201
68.778
Silane, dimethyl(docosyloxy)butoxy 208322 1000347-86-1 38
Silane, dimethyloctyloxyoctadecylo 208324 1000346-75-5 32
xySilane, dimethyldecyloxyhexadecylo 208325 1000346-93-1 28
xy-
202
69.808
Silane, dimethyl(docosyloxy)butoxy 208322 1000347-86-1 32
Silane, dimethyldecyloxyhexadecylo 208325 1000346-93-1 28
xySilane, dimethyloctyloxyoctadecylo 208324 1000346-75-5 23
xy-
203
70.672
Silane, dimethyldecyloxyhexadecylo 208325 1000346-93-1 38
xySilane, dimethyloctyloxyoctadecylo 208324 1000346-75-5 32
xySilane, dimethyl(docosyloxy)butoxy 208322 1000347-86-1 17
204
71.611
Urs-12-en-24-oic acid, 3-oxo-, met 210009 020475-86-9 95
hyl ester, (+)12-Oleanen-3-yl acetate, (3.alpha. 210019 033055-28-6 90

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_____________________________________________________________________________
)5(1H)-Azulenone, 2,4,6,7,8,8a-hexa 73264 006754-66-1 70
hydro-3,8-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethy
lidene)-, (8S-cis)205
71.645
Urs-12-en-24-oic acid, 3-oxo-, met 210009 020475-86-9 95
hyl ester, (+)12-Oleanen-3-yl acetate, (3.alpha. 210019 033055-28-6 90
)2(3H)-Naphthalenone, 4,4a,5,6,7,8- 73267 019598-45-9 83
hexahydro-4a,5-dimethyl-3-(1-methy
lethylidene)-, (4ar-cis)-
206
72.503
Lup-20(29)-en-3-ol, acetate, (3.be 210022 001617-68-1 93
ta.)7-Oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane, 2,2,6- 73262 070038-20-9 53
trimethyl-1-(3-methyl-1,3-butadien
yl)-5-methylene(-)-Isolongifolol, methyl ether
87206 1000333-80-8 45
207
84.960
Caryophyleine-(I3)
62299 136296-37-2 25
Benzene, 1,4-dichloro-2-nitro52477 000089-61-2 25
2H-Pyran, 2-(7-heptadecynyloxy)tet 163044 056599-50-9 20
rahydro-
208
98.847
Pregn-16-en-20-one, 3-hydroxy-, (3 149036 000566-59-6 10
.beta.,5.beta.)3-(3,4-Dimethoxycinnamoyl)-4-hydro 148674 1000225-16-8 10
xy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one
2-t-Butyl-5-chloromethyl-3-methyl- 139366 1000192-88-5 10
4-oxoimidazolidine-1-carboxylic ac
id, t-butyl ester
209
99.368
3-(3,4-Dimethoxycinnamoyl)-4-hydro 148674 1000225-16-8 17
Pregn-16-en-20-one, 3-hydroxy-, (3 149036 000566-59-6 11
.beta.,5.beta.)4-(2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-di 51743 001203-08-3 10
enyl)but-3-en-2-one
210
99.414
3-(3,4-Dimethoxycinnamoyl)-4-hydro 148674 1000225-16-8 16
2-t-Butyl-5-chloromethyl-3-methyl- 139366 1000192-88-5 16
4-oxoimidazolidine-1-carboxylic ac
id, t-butyl ester
Methyl abietate
148996 000127-25-3 11
General Histology of Uterus

The goat uterus was histologically comprised of endometrium (endometrial surface
epithelium, endometrial glands, and epithelial cells), myometrium and perimetrium. These
three structural entities showed variations in their dimensions at different phases of estrous
cycle. The uterus was internally comprised of endometrium with characteristic
endometrium surface epithelial cells, epithelial cells and the uterine glands were laid on the
basal layer. The surface epithelium (functional layer) extended upto lumen of uterus and
showed cyclic changes during different phases of the estrous cycle.
Histologically, the endometrium comprised of ciliated and secretory cells. The luminal
epithelium formed a densely organized stromal zone (stratum compactum) while the
glandular epithelium formed loosely organized stromal zone (stratum spongiosum). These
layers were richly vascularized. The stroma resembled mesenchymal tissue and consisted of
loosely arranged stellate cells with large, round or ovoid nuclei supported by a network of
fine connective tissue in which lymphocytes, granular leukocytes, and macrophages were
scattered.
The shape of uterine glands varied from tubular to spherical. Endometrium was
differentiated into stratum basale (basal layer) and a stratum functionale (functional layer),
which differ in their structure, function, and blood supply. The stratum basale was laid
directly on the myometrium and was more narrower, cellular, and fibrous layer than
components of stratum functionale.
The myometrium was largely comprised of the smooth muscle component of the uterine
wall. Myometrium was comprised of bundles of smooth muscle cells separated by thin
strands of connective tissue containing fibroblasts, collagenous and reticular fibers, mast
cells, and macrophages. The layers of the muscle were not sharply defined because of the
intermingling of smooth muscle cells. Generally, inner and outer layers of smooth muscle
were distinguished according to direction and deposition of bundles. The inner layer was
thin and consisted of longitudinal and circularly arranged smooth muscle cells. The outer
layer was the thickest and showed irregularity in the arrangement of the smooth muscle
cells, which ran longitudinally, obliquely, circularly, and transversely. The uterus was
surrounded by perimetrium.
0 Hour Control (40 X)
4 Hour Treated (40 X)
Chapter
Five
Discussion
Discussion
Discussion
Chapter
Six
References
References
Refrences
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PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND IN VITRO STUDIES ON ANTI-FERTILITY

EFFECT OF FRUITS OF FICUS RELIGIOSA ON UTERINE

PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO

Prof. R.K. Sharma

Prof. R.K. Sharma

I wish to avail the opportunity to expressed my heartfelt gratitude to my esteemed teacher,

(Atul Kumar Goyal)

Chapter Two: Review of Literature

Chapter Three: Materials and Methods

Chapter Four: Results

Chapter Five: Discussion

Chapter Six: References

Antifertility Botanical Agents Targeting Uterus

2. Papaya, Carrica papaya

3. Common sesban, Sesbania sesban

4. Golden shower, Cassia fistula

5. Calliandra brevipes, Derris brevipes

6. Hore hound, Ballota undulate

7. Onion, Allium cepa

8. Honey suckle mistletoe, Dendrophthoe fallata

9. Malai Vembu, Melia azadarach

Ground cherry, Physalis alkekengi

Witches weed, Striga orobanchioides

Perumaram, Ailanthus excella

Hydroalcoholic extract treatment showed a strong antiimplantation (72%) and abortifacient

Botanical Description of Ficus Religiosa

Potential Use of Ficus Religiosa

5. Wound Healing Activity

Female Reproductive System of Goat

Collection of Plant Material

Preparation of Plant Extracts (Drug)

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