CONTROLS OF SUPER CRITICAL

BOILERS

Presentation By
AJAY SHUKLA
Sr.Faculty PMI,

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

Boiler Turbine Control

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

Boiler Following Mode

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

Turbine Following Mode

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

Coordinate Mode Control

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

Coordinate Mode Control

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

Drum and OT Control Comparison

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

Drum and OT Control Comparison

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

OT Control Overview

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

Cycle of Supercritical Power Plant

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

Supercritical Power Plant

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

OT Control Overview

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

OT Start up Control mode

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

Super Critical Units Controls Mode

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

Flushing Mode

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

Flushing Mode

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

Start-Up System with Recirculation

Separator

SH

WW
ECO

C
HWL

Flash
Tank

Start-Up System
Recirculation Pump in Main Bypass Line

To Condenser

Deaerator

HPH

BFP
Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

Start UP System

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

START-UP
If the water system of the boiler is empty (economizer, furnace walls,
separators), then the system is filled with approximately 10% TMCR
feed water flow.
When the level in the separator reaches set-point, the WR valve will
begin to open.
When the WR valve reaches >30% open for approximately one minute,
then increase feed water flow set-point to 30% TMCR. As the flow
increases, WR valve will reach full open and ZR valve will begin to
open.
The water system is considered full when:
The separator water level remains stable for two(2) minutes
and
The WR valve is fully opened and ZR valve is >15% open for two(2)
minutes.
Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

SEPARATOR STORAGE TANK LEVEL

CONTROL
Separator level is maintained by the combined action of a separator storage
tank level feed water demand and the positioning of WR and ZR drain
valves.
Feed water demand is developed in response to separator storage tank level
error and total fuel flow so as to prevent tank level from dropping too low.
The WR and ZR valves are controlled in a split range manner to maintain
the liquid level once the level reaches a high limit.
The WR valve will respond first and then the ZR when the WR exceeds its
linear operating range.
Tank geometry is such that fluctuations in tank level are very dynamic, for
this reason, only proportional control action established through the WR/ZR
function curves is used to position these valves in response to level error.

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

UG VALVE CONTROL
Control objective:
Maintain minimum economizer inlet flow.
Control action:

The boiler circulating pump is started following the start of a

turbine-driven feed water pump and the final clean-up cycle. This
pump circulates feed water from the evaporator outlet back to the
economizer inlet.

Located at the outlet of this pump is the UG valve which

controls economizer inlet flow during the start-up phase of
operation. Demand for this recirculation control valve is established
based on measured economizer inlet flow compared to a minimum
boiler flow set point.
Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

Separator water circuit of Super Critical

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

FEEDWATER CONTROL LOOP

Control objective:
Develop total unit feed water demand as required to support unit
load.
Adjust feed water demand to maintain desired separator outlet
temperature.
Adjust separator outlet temperature set point as required to maintain
acceptable platen superheat spray control range.
Incorporate separator storage tank level (wet mode) feed water
demand.
Maintain minimum required economizer inlet flow.

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

Feedwater Control
Natural circulation boiler

Once-through boiler

Steam flow

T
Enthalpy

Level

Eco

Feedwater
control

Eva
Feedwater
control

Eco
Feedwater

Controls of Super Critical

Eva

Feedwater

3 rd Feb 2009

Feed water firing rate ratio control

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

Feed water firing rate ratio control

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

Feed Forward with model

Process

Setpoint

f(x)

Feed
Forward

MODEL

P
+/

C
/+

K d
dt

C
+/

P
+/

X
Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

Feed Forward
FF

PROCESS

process

setpoint

f(x)
P
+/

K d
dt

C
/+

C
+/

P
+/

Controls of Super Critical

FF

f(x)
P
+/

K d
dt

C
/+

C
+/

P
+/

3 rd Feb 2009

Model predictive control

+

MW

Fuelwithmodel

D:\moje\
Dokumentacja\litwa\unit #6\mod

Withoutmodel
Turbinesetpoint
WaterwallTemperature

60

Controls of Super Critical

120

180

240

300

t[sec]

3 rd Feb 2009

Firing Rate Master

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

Fuel Rate Master

Controls of Super Critical

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Feed Forward Firing Rate Control

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

Feed Forward Firing Rate Control

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3 rd Feb 2009

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

Yuhuan 4x1000MW Preparation of light off

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

Multi-combusting Nozzles with Separated

Overfire Air Damper

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

Controls of Super Critical

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Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

START-UP contd..
Water flows through the economizer and evaporator, and discharges the
boiler through the WR valve to the flash tank and via connecting pipe to the
condenser.
Start BCP and open the UG valve to establish minimum water wall flow
at 30% TMCR.
As the pressure is raised, first the WR and then the ZR valves will open when
separator water level increases due to boiler water swell. As pressure further
increases, the WR and ZR valves will start to close as the water level decreases.

The steam temperature at the separator inlet will reach a stable superheated
condition at app. 30% TMCR, causing the level in the separator to decrease and
eventually disappear. The boiler is now in once-through mode (dry mode). The
BCP (Boiler Circulating Pump) will be stopped automatically.
It is extremely important that minimum water wall flow be maintained at all
times when firing the boiler to prevent tube damage due to overheating.

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

FEEDWATER CONTROL LOOP contd..

Demand for feed water is established predominately by the Boiler Master
demand.
This signal, processed though a boiler transfer function provides the feed
forward component of the total feed water demand.
The boiler transfer function is a tunable dynamic element providing a means to
dynamically match the feed water feed forward demand to actual evaporator heat
transfer.
Optimization of the feed forward in this manner minimizes temperature
fluctuations that may otherwise result from varying dynamic response between
the firing and feed water control systems (as they relate to evaporator heat
transfer) thereby lessening the dependence on feedback correction.

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

FEEDWATER CONTROL LOOP contd..

The first controller acts on a load dependent average platen spray differential
temperature.
Its output represents the required adjustment to evaporator heat transfer/steam
generation to maintain both the steam conditions and flue gas temperatures
entering the platen superheat section so as to ensure adequate platen spray control
range.
A second controller acts on a load dependent separator outlet temperature set
point corrected by the platen spray differential temperature controllers output.
This controller acts to adjust feed water in response to firing system disturbances
and the relatively fast effect they have on separator outlet steam temperatures.
The overall combined feed water feedback control action is such that feed water
demand is responsive to changes in the overall unit heat transfer profile.

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

FEEDWATER CONTROL LOOP contd..

The combined feed forward/feedback demand signal is subject to a minimum
economizer inlet flow set point (wet mode) activated if the boiler circulation
pump is not in service and the unit is being fired.
This ensures the minimum economizer inlet cooling flow is maintained by the
feed water supply system in the event the start-up system is not available.
The feed forward/feedback demand signal is subject to a second wet mode feed
water demand developed to support separator storage tank level control.
The resulting demand provides the set point to a feed water master controller.
The fuel/feed water ratio protection logic provides overriding control of individual
feeder speed demands in the event of an excessively high fuel to feed water ratio.

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009

THANK YOU

Controls of Super Critical

3 rd Feb 2009