arXiv:1212.

0244v1 [math-ph] 2 Dec 2012

ICMPA-MPA/027/2012

Higher order SUSY-QM for P

oschl-Teller
potentials: coherent states and operator properties
Mahouton Norbert Hounkonnou, Sama Arjika and Ezinvi
Balotcha
International Chair of Mathematical Physics and Applications (ICMPA-UNESCO
Chair), University of Abomey-Calavi, 072 B. P.: 50 Cotonou, Republic of Benin
E-mail: norbert.hounkonnou@cipma.uac.bj, rjksama200@gmail.com
ezinvi.baloitcha@cipma.uac.bj
Abstract. This work prolongs recent investigations by Bergeron et al [see 2012 J.
Phys. A: Math. Theo. 45 244028] on new SUSYQM coherent states for P
oschl-Teller
potentials. It mainly addresses explicit computations of eigenfunctions and spectrum
associated to the higher order hierarchic supersymmetric Hamiltonian. Analysis of
relevant properties and normal and anti-normal forms is performed and discussed.
Coherent states of the hierarchic first order differential operator Am,, of the P
oschl(m)
Teller Hamiltonian H, and their characteristics are studied.

4 December 2012
1. Introduction
The search for exactly solvable models remains in the core of today research interest
in quantum mechanics. A reference list of exactly solvable one-dimensional problems
(harmonic oscillator, Coulomb, Morse, Poschl-Teller potentials, etc.) obtained by an
algebraic procedure, namely by a differential operator factorization methods [13], can be
found in [1] and references therein. This technique, introduced long ago by Schrodinger
[13], was analyzed in depth by Infeld and Hull [9], who made an exhaustive classification
of factorizable potentials. It was reproduced rather recently in supersymmetric quantum
mechanics (SUSY QM) approach [3] initiated by Witten [16] and was immediately
applied to the hydrogen potential [5]. This approach gave many new exactly solvable
potentials which were obtained as superpartners of known exactly solvable models. Later
on, it was noticed by Witten the possibility of arranging the Schrodingers Hamiltonians
into isospectral pairs called supersymmetric partners [16]. The resulting supersymmetric
quantum mechanics revived the study of exactly solvable Hamiltonians[15].
SUSY QM is also used for the description of hidden symmetries of various atomic
and nuclear physical systems [6]. Besides, it provides a theoretical laboratory for the
investigation of algebraic and dynamical problems in supersymmetric field theory. The

Higher order SUSY-QM for Poschl-Teller potentials: coherent states and operator properties 2
simplified setting of SUSY helps to analyze the difficult problem of dynamical SUSY
breaking at full length and to examine the validity of the Witten index criterion[16].
The main result of the present work concerns with the explicit analytical expressions
of eigenfunctions and spectrum associated to the first and second order supersymmetric
Hamiltonians with Poschl-Teller potentials. The related higher order Hamiltonian
coherent states (CS) are also constructed and discussed, thus well completing recent
investigations in [1] with the same model.
This paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we recall known results and give an
explicit characterization of the hierarchic Hamiltonians of the Poschl-Teller Hamiltonian
H, . Particular cases of eigenvalues, eigenfunctions, super-potentials and super-partner
potentials are computed. In Section 3, relevant operator forms (normal and antinormal), as well as interesting operator properties and mean-values are discussed. In
Section 4, we study the CS related to the first order differential operator Am,, of
(m)
the m order hierarchic Poschl-Teller Hamiltonian H, and their main mathematical
properties, i.e the orthogonality, the normalizability, the continuity in the label and the
resolution of the identity. We end with some concluding remarks in Section 5.
2. The P
oschl-Teller Hamiltonian and SUSY-QM formalism
In this section, we first briefly recall the Poschl-Teller Hamiltonian model presented in
[1]. Then, we solve the associated time independent Schrodinger equation with explicit
calculation of the wavefunction normalization constant. Finally, from the formalism of
higher order hierarchic supersymmetric factorisation method we derive and discuss main
results on the hierarchy of the Poschl-Teller Hamiltonian.
2.1. The model
The physical system is described by the Hamiltonian [1]:
i
h
~2 d 2
+ V0 ,, (x) for DH,
(1)
H, :=
2M dx2
in a suitable Hilbert space H = L2 ([0, L], dx) endowed with the inner product defined
by
Z
L

(u, v) =

dx u(x)v(x),

u, v H, [0, L] R

where u denotes the complex conjugate of u. M is the particle mass and DH, is the
domain of definition of H, .

V0 ,, (x) = 0

 ( + 1)
sin2

x
L

x 
2 cot
L

(2)

is the Poschl-Teller potential; 0 is some energy scale, and are dimensionless

parameters.

Higher order SUSY-QM for Poschl-Teller potentials: coherent states and operator properties 3
The one-dimensional second-order operator H, has singularities at the end points
x = 0 and x = L permiting to choose 0 0 and 0. Further, since the symmetry
x L x corresponds to the parameter change , we can choose 0. As
assumed in [1], we consider the energy scale 0 as the zero point energy of the energy
of the infinite well, i.e. 0 = ~2 2 /(2ML2 ) so that the unique free parameters of the
problem remain and which will be always assumed to be positive. The case = 0
corresponds to the symmetric repulsive potentials investigated in [2], while the case
6= 0 leads to the Coloumb potential in the limit L .


(+1)
x
~2
Let us define the operator H, with the action 2M (x) + 0 sin2 x 2 cot L
L
with the domain being the set of smooth functions with a compact support, C0 (0, L).
The Poschl-Teller potential is in the limit point case at both ends x = 0 and x = L,
if the parameter 1/2, and in the limit circle case at both ends if 0 < 1/2.
Therefore, the operator H, is essentially self-adjoint in the former case. The closure
of H, is H, = H, i.e. DH, = DH, and its domain coincides with the maximal
one , i.e.
o
 ( + 1)
n
h
~2
x  i

H
,
+ 0
DH, = ac2 (0, L),

2
cot
2M
L
sin2 x
L
where ac2 (0, L) denotes the absolutely continuous functions with absolutely continuous
derivatives. As mentioned in [1], a function of this domain satisfies Dirichlet boundary
conditions and in the range of considered , the deficiency indices of H, is (2, 2)
indicating that this operator is no longer essentially self-adjoint but has a two-parameter
family of self-adjoint extensions indeed. As in [1], we will restrict only to the extension
described by Dirichlet boundary conditions, i. e.
n
h
o
 ( + 1)
~2
x  i
DH, = ac2 (0, L), | (0) = (L),

H
,
+ 0

2
cot
2M
L
sin2 x
L

DH, is dense in H since H 2,2(0, L) C0 (0, L) DH, and H, is self-adjoint [14]

where H m,n (0, L) is the Sobolev space of indice (m, n) [12]. Later on, we use the dense
domain:
o
n
 ( + 1)
x 

H
,
DH, = AC 2 (0, L), 0

2
cot
L
sin2 x
L
2
where ACloc
(]0, L[) is given by
n
o
2
ACloc ([0, L]) = AC([, ]), [, ] [0, L], [, ] compact ,
Z x
n
o
AC[, ]
= C[, ], (x) = () +
dt g(t), g L1 ([, ]) .

2.2. Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions

(,)

(,)

The eigen-values En
and functions n
solving the Sturm-Liouville differential
(,)
(,) (,)
equation (1), i.e. H, n = En n , are given by [1]


2
(,)
2
En
= 0 (n + + 1)
(3)
(n + + 1)2

Higher order SUSY-QM for Poschl-Teller potentials: coherent states and operator properties 4



x 
x
(an ,
an )
(,)
(,)
+n+1 x
P
i cot
(4)
exp
n (x) = Kn sin
L
L( + n + 1) n
L
(,)

where n N, an = (n + + 1) + i n++1
, Pn
(,)
Kn

(z) are the Jacobi polynomials [10] and

is a normalization constant giving by:

1

Kn(,) = 2n++1 L 2 T (n; , )O 2 (n; , ) exp

where
O(n; , )

n
X

k=0
n
X
s=0

and

( n

(n, 2 n 1)k
++2k+

i
) k!(n
+n+1 k

(,)

For details on the Kn , see Appendix A.

For n = 0, one can retrieve
(,)

,
2(n + + 1)

(5)

i
)
+n+1

(n, 2 n 1, )s (2n + 2 s k + 3)
i
i
( n + +n+1
)s s!(n + + 2 s +n+1
)



T (n; , ) = n! n +
0

 1
i

 .
n+ +1 n

 h 1 x i
x
2+1
sin+1
(x) = p
.
exp

L
+1 2 L
L(2 + 3)

(6)

(7)

(8)

2.3. Factorisation method and hierarchy of the Poschl-Teller Hamiltonian: main

results
Let us use the factorization method [3, 4, 8, 9] to find the hierarchy of Poschl-Teller
(,)
(,)
Hamiltonian. We assume the ground state eigenfunction 0
and eigenvalue E0
are known. Then we can define the differential operators A, , A, factorizing the
Poschl-Teller Hamiltonian H, (1), and the associated superpotential W, as follows:
H, :=

1
(,)
A, A, + E0 ,
2M

(9)

where the differential operators A, and A, are defined by

A, := ~

d
+ W, (x),
dx

A, := ~

d
+ W, (x),
dx

(10)

acting in the domains

DA, = { ac(0, L)| (~ + W, ) H},
(11)
L
DA },
DA = { ac(0, L)| H : [~(x)(x)]0 = 0, hA, , i = h, i,
,
,

The operator A is the adjoint of A, . Besides, considering their

where A, = .
,
common restriction
DA = { AC(0, L)| W, H},

(12)

Higher order SUSY-QM for Poschl-Teller potentials: coherent states and operator properties 5
we have A, DA = A, and A, DA = A, . For more details on the role of these
operators, see [1]. The super-potential W, is given by
(,)
x

[
(x)]
~ 
( + 1) cot
,
(13)

W, (x) := ~ 0(,)
=
L
L
+1
0 (x)
(,)

where 0 (x) is defined by (8). To derive the mth order hierarchic supersymmetric
potential, we proceed as follows:
(1)
Permut the operators A, and A, to get the superpartner Hamiltonian H, of
(0)

H, := H, :
~2 d 2
1
(,)
A, A, + E0
=
+ V1,, (x),
2M
2M dx2
where the partner-potential V1,, of V, is defined by the relation

1  2
(,)

V1,, (x) :=
W, (x) + W,
(x) + E0 .
2M
(1)

H, :=

(,)

where W, is given by (13) and E0

(1)
H, (1,,)
n

(14)

(15)

by (3). In the equation

= En(1,,) (1,,)
,
n

(16)
(1,,)

(1,,)

(1)

the eigenfunction n
and the eigenvalue En
of H, are related to those of H, ,
(1,,)
(,)
(1,,)
(,)
i.e. En
:= En+1 and n
(x) A, n+1 (x).
(1,,)
(1,,)
(1)
Since we know E0
and 0
(x), the Hamiltonian H, can be re-factorized to
give
1
(1)
(1,,)
H, :=
A
A1,, + E0
,
(17)
2M 1,,
where
d
d
(18)
A1,, := ~ + W1,, (x), A1,, := ~ + W1,, (x),
dx
dx
with
(1,,)

W1,, (x) := ~

[0

(x)]

(1,,)

(x)

(19)

Permut now the operators A1,, and A1,, to build the third order hierarchic
(2)
(1)
Hamiltonian H, , i.e. a superpartner Hamiltonian of H, :
(2)
H,

with

~2 d 2
1
(1,,)

A1,, A1,, + E0
=
+ V2,, (x),
:=
2M
2M dx2


1  2
(1,,)

V2,, (x) :=
W1,, (x) + ~W1,, (x) + E0
,
2M
(1,,)

where W1,, is defined in (19) and E0

(20)

(21)

in (3). Start now from the following equation

(2)

H, (2,,)
= En(2,,) (2,,)
.
n
n
(2,,)

The eigenvalue En
(2,,)

i.e. En

(1,,)

:= En+1

(2,,)

and the eigenfunction n

(2,,)

and n

(1,,)

(2)

(1)

of H, are related to those of H, ,

(x) A1,, n+1 (x).

Higher order SUSY-QM for Poschl-Teller potentials: coherent states and operator properties 6
(2,,)

(2,,)

From known E0

and 0

(2)

, we can re-factorize the Hamiltonian H, :

~2 d 2
1
(2,,)
A2,, A2,, + E0
=
+ V2,, (x),
2M
2M dx2
where the operators A2,, and A2,, are given, respectively, by
(2)

(22)

H, :=

A2,, := ~

d
d
+ W2,, (x), A2,, := ~ + W2,, (x),
dx
dx

(23)

with the superpotential

(2,,)

W2,, (x) = ~

[0

(x)]

(2,,)

(x)

(24)

and the partner potential V2,,


1  2
(2,,)

W2,, (x) ~W2,,

(x) + E0
,
V2,, (x) :=
2M

(25)

(2,,)

where W2,, is defined in (24) and E0

in (3).
(1)
So, we have shown that one can determine the superpartner Hamiltonian H, of
(1)
(2)
(2)
H, , re-factorize H, in order to determine its superpartner H, , then re-factorize H,
(3)

to determine its superpartner H, , and so on. Each Hamiltonian has eigenfunctions

(,)

and eigenvalues. Thus, if the first Hamiltonian H, has r eigenfunctions n related

(,)
to the eigenvalues En , 0 n (r 1), then one can always generate an hierarchy of
(2)
(3)
(r)
(m)
(r 1) Hamiltonians H, , H, , . . . , H, such that H, has the same eigenvalues as
H, , except for the first (m 1) eigenvalues of H, . In fact, for m = 2, 3, 4, . . . , r, we
define the Hamiltonian in its factorized form as follows:
1
~2 d 2
(m)
(m,,)
H, :=
Am,, Am,, + E0
=
+ Vm,, (x),
(26)
2M
2M dx2
(m+1)

while its super-partner Hamiltonian H,

is given by

~2 d 2
1
(m,,)
Am,, Am,, + E0
=
+ Vm+1,, (x),
2M
2M dx2
where the operators Am,, and Am,, are defined by
(m+1)

H,

: =

Am,, := ~

d
+ Wm,, (x),
dx

Am,, := ~
(m)

d
+ Wm,, (x),
dx
(m+1)

which do not commute with the Hamiltonians H, and H,

intertwining relations
(m)

(m+1)

H, Am,, = Am,, H,

(m+1)

H,

(27)

(28)

, but satisfy the

(m)

Am,, = Am,, H, .

(29)

The super-potential Wm,, is given by definition by the relation:

(m,,)

Wm,, (x) := ~

[0

(x)]

(m,,)

(x)

while the potential Vm,, and its superpartner potential Vm+1,, are defined by

1  2
(m,,)

Wm,, (x) ~Wm,,

(x) + E0
,
Vm,, (x) :=
2M

(30)

Higher order SUSY-QM for Poschl-Teller potentials: coherent states and operator properties 7

1  2
(m,,)

Wm,, (x) + ~Wm,,

(x) + E0
.
(31)
Vm+1,, (x) :=
2M
(m+1,,)

(m+1,,)

The energy spectrum En

and the eigenfunction n
of the super-partner
(m+1)
(m)
(m+1,,)
(m,,)
Hamiltonian H,
are related to those of H, , i. e. En
:= En+1
and
(m+1,,)

(m,,)

(x) Am,, n+1

(x) as formulated below.

(m+1,,)

(m+1,,)

Proposition 2.1 The eigen-energy spectrum En

and eigen-function n
that solve the time-independent Schrodinger equation for the (m + 1)order hierarchic
(m+1)
(m+1) (m+1,,)
(m+1,,) (m+1,,)
superpartner Hamiltonian H, , i.e H, n
= En
n
, are
given, respectively, by:


2
,
(32)
En(m+1,,) = 0 (n + m + + 2)2
(n + m + + 2)2
(,)

Am,, Am1,, . . . A1,, A, n+m+1 (x)

(m+1,,)
(x) = r
n
.

Q
(,)
(,)
m
(2M)m+1 k=0 En+m+1 Ek

(33)

As a matter of explicit computation, for the particular value of m = 0, we get

(i) the energy spectrum

En(1,,) = 0 (n + + 2)2

(ii) the eigenfunction


2
,
(n + + 2)2


(,) 1/2
2M(n + 1)2 0n+1 E0
=q
n + 2 + 3
(,)
2ML(n + 1)O(n + 1; , )0n+1E0


 x
x  i~(n + 2 + 2)
(an+1 ,
an+1 )
+
i cot
, (n) Pn+1
cos
L
L
2L sin x
L




x 
x
(an+1 +1,
an+1 +1)
+n+1 x
Pn
i cot
sin
.(35)
exp
L
L
L( + n + 2)

(1,,)
(x)
n

(34)

2n++2 e 2(n++2) T (n + 1; , )

(iii) the superpotential

W1,, (x) =
(iv) the potential
V1,, (x) = 0
where

x

~ 
( + 2) cot
,

L
L
+2

 ( + 1)( + 2)
sin2

x
L

2 cot

x 
,
L

(36)

(37)


(,)
(,)
En+1 E0

(,)
0
, (n) = arctan
n+1 E0
:=
,
.
(38)
( + 1)( + n + 2)
n+1
It is worth noticing that the potentials V0 ,, and Vm+1,, are related in a simpler
way, i.e

x 
~2 (m + 1)(2 + m + 2) d2
. (39)
ln sin
Vm+1,, (x) = V0 ,, (x)
2M
dx2
L

Higher order SUSY-QM for Poschl-Teller potentials: coherent states and operator properties 8
3. Relevant operator properties
(m+1)

This section is devoted to the investigation of relevant properties of the operators H,

and H, .

Proposition 3.1 For the operators Am,, and Am,, , there is a pair of (m + 1) order
(m+1)

hierarchic operators intertwining H, and H,

(m+1)

H, Bm
= Bm
H,

, namely
(m+1)

Bm H, = H,

Bm ,

(40)

where

Bm := Am,, . . . A1,, A, , Bm
:= A, A1,, . . . Am,, .

(41)

Proof. By multiplying on the left hand the intertwining relation (29) by the operator
Am1,, , we have
(m)

(m+1)

Am1,, H, Am,, = Am1,, Am,, H,

which is equivalent to
(m1)

H,

(m+1)

Am1,, Am,, = Am1,, Am,, H,

(42)

By continuing the process until the order m 1, we have

(1)

(m+1)

H, A1,, . . . Am,, = A1,, . . . Am,, H,

(43)

By multiplying on the left hand the equation (43) by the operator A, we have
(1)

(m+1)

A, H, A1,, . . . Am,, = A, A1,, . . . Am,, H,

(m+1)

H,
= Bm
which is equivalent to H, Bm

(m+1)

. Similarly we get Bm H, = H,

Proposition 3.2 For any positive integers n, m, the following result holds:


Qm  (m+1)
(,)
m+1

n>m
H

E
(2M)

m+1 n,,
,
k
k=0

Bn Bm
=



(n+1)
(,) n+1
(2M)n+1 Qn
m,, n < m.
H
E
k=0

Bm .

(44)

In particular, if n = m, we have

Bm Bm

= (2M)

m+1

Bm
Bm = (2M)m+1

m 
Y

k=0
m 
Y

(m+1)
H,

(,)

H, Ek

k=0

where the operators

m+1 n,,

m+1 n,,

and

n+1

(,)
Ek


,


,

(45)
(46)

m,, are given by

:= An,, An1,, . . . Am+1,, ,

n+1

m,, := An+1,, An+2,, . . . Am,, .

(47)

Higher order SUSY-QM for Poschl-Teller potentials: coherent states and operator properties 9
Proof. From (41), we have

Bn Bm
= An,, An1,, . . . (A, A, )A1,, . . . Am,,
(1)

(,)

= 2MAm,, . . . A1,, (H, E0

)A1,, . . . Am,,

(2)

(,)

= 2MAn,, . . . A1,, A1,, (H, E0 )A2,, . . . Am,,

..
.
m 

Y
(m+1)
(,)
H, Ek
= (2M)m+1 m+1 n,,
k=0

if n > m,

Bn Bm
= An,, An1,, . . . (A, A, )A1,, . . . Am,,
(1)

(,)

= 2MAm,, . . . A1,, (H, E0

)A1,, . . . Am,,

(2)

(,)

= 2MAn,, . . . A1,, A1,, (H, E0 )A2,, . . . Am,,

..
.
n 

Y
(n+1)
(,) n+1
n+1
m,,
H, Ek
= (2M)
k=0

if n < m.
For n = m, the proof is immediate. 
Corollary 3.3 The operators

m+1 n,,

and

nm
m+1 n,, m+1 n,, = (2m)

nm
m+1 n,, m+1 n,, = (2m)

n+1

n+1

m,, n+1 m,, = (2m)mn

m,, n+1 m,, = (2m)mn

n+1

m,, satisfies the following identities

n


Y
(n+1)
(,)
,
H, Ek

k=m+1
n

Y

(m+1)

H,

k=m+1
m 
Y

(n+1)

H,

k=n+1
m 
Y

(m+1)

H,


,

(49)

(50)

(51)

(,)

Ek

(,)

Ek

k=n+1

(,)

Ek

(48)

Proof. The proof is obviously true by using (29) and (47). 

Besides, considering the supercharges
!
!

0 0
0
B
m
Q :=
, Q :=
.
Bm 0
0 0
and the SUSY Hamiltonian Hss
, given by
 Qm
(,)
)
0
k=0 (H, Ek
ss
m+1
Qm 
H, := (2M)
(,)
+
0
k=0 H, Ek

we readily check, like in [4, 8, 16], that


 ,(52)
0 (m+1)(2+m+2)
sin2

x
L

Higher order SUSY-QM for Poschl-Teller potentials: coherent states and operator properties 10


ss
ss
Hss
:= QQ + Q Q, [Hss
, = Q, Q
, , Q] := H, Q QH, = 0

ss

ss
[Hss
, , Q ] := H, Q Q H, = 0.
In terms of the Hermitian supercharges
!

1
0 Bm
and
Q1 :=
2 Bm 0

1
Q2 :=
2i

0
Bm
Bm 0

(53)

the superalgebra (53) takes the form

[Qi , Hss
, ] = 0,

{Qi , Qj } := Qi Qj + Qi Qi = ij Hss
, ,

i, j = 1, 2.

(54)

Proposition 3.4 The actions of Bm

and Bm on the normalized eigenfunctions
(m+1,,)
(,)
(m+1)
(m+1,,)
n
and n
of H,
and H, , associated to the eigenvalues En
and
(,)

En

, are given by

(m+1,,)
Bm
n
(x)

and

h
i 21
=2
(~L )
T (n + m + 1; , ) LO(n + m + 1; , )

 x 
h
1 x i

M(n, m; , ) sinn+m++2

exp
n + m + + 2 2 L
L
x
(an+m+1 ,
an+m+1 )
Pn+m+1
i cot
,
(55)
L
n+m++2

1 m+1

(,)

Bm n+m+1 (x) = (~L1 )m+1 M(n, m; , )(m+1,,)

(x),
n

(56)

respectively, where M(n, m; , ) is expressed by

m


Y
2
(n + m k + 1)
1
+
. (57)
M2 (n, m; , ) =
1
2
(n
+
m
+
2
+
k
+
3)
[(k
+

+
1)(n
+
m
+

+
2)]
k=0
Proof. The proof is immediate by using (33) and (46). 
(,)

(m+1,,)

Proposition 3.5 Consider |n i and |n

i two states in the Hilbert space H .

The operators Bm Bm and Bm Bm mean-values are given by

h
i2
1 m+1

hBm Bm in(m+1,,) = (~L )

M(n, m; , ) ,
(58)
h
i2

hBm
Bm i(,)
= (~L1 )m+1 M(n m 1, m; , ) ,
(59)
n
where hA, i(,)
:=
n

RL
0

(,)

dx n

(,)

(x)A, n

Proof. It uses Proposition 3.1. 

(x).

Higher order SUSY-QM for Poschl-Teller potentials: coherent states and operator properties 11
and n+1 m,, satisfy the following identities:
i2
h
hm+1 n,, m+1 n,, in(n+1,,) = (~L1 )nm N (n, n; , )N 1(n, m; , ),
(60)
h
i2
1 nm
1
hm+1 n,, m+1 n,, i(m+1,,)
=
(~L
)
M(m,
n;
,
)M
(n,
m;
,
)
,
(61)
n
i2
h

hn+1 m,, n+1 m,, in(n+1,,) = (~L1 )mn N 1(n, n; , )N (n, m; , ),

(62)
h
i2

hn+1 m,, n+1 m,, i(m+1,,)

= (~L1 )mn M(n, m; , )M1(m, n; , ) ,
(63)
n
Corollary 3.6 The operators

m+1 n,,

where N (n, m; , ) is given by

m


Y
2
(2n k + 1)
1
+
N (n, m; , ) =
(2n + 2 + k + 3)1
[(k + + 1)(2n + + 2)]2
k=0

(64)

and N (n, n; , ) = M2 (n, n; , ).

Remark that the equations (62) and (63) can be obtained by replacing N and n, m
by N 1 and m, n in (60) and (61), respectively.
4. Coherents states
[m,,]

Let |z
z. Then,

i, z C be the eigenstates of the operator Am,, associated to the eignevalue

 zx 
(m,,)
0
(x), x [0, L],
(65)
= R exp
~
where R isn the normalization constant.
In order to determine R, let us consider the
o
set K = (q, p)|q [0, L], p R which corresponds to the classical phase space
of the Poschl-Teller problem. We re-express the operator Am,, in terms of Q and
P i.e Am,, = Wm,, (Q) + iP, where their actions on the function are given by
Q : (x) x(x) and P : (x) i~ (x) on DA . Latter on, we change the variable z
[m,,]
[m,,]
as z = Wm,, (q)+ip [1, 2] i.e |Wm,, (q)+ip i = |q,p i. Then, the equation (65) becomes

 (W
m,, (q) + ip)
(m,,)
[m,,]
x
0
(x), x [0, L], (66)
|q,p
i = R(,)
(q)
exp
m
~
|z[m,,]i

(m,,)

where 0

(,)

is given in (33). The normalization constant Rm (q) is given by


 LW
m,, (q) e
Om (q; L; , ),
R(,)
(q)
=
exp

m
2~

(67)

em (q; L; , ) is provided by the expression

where O
m
X
(m, m 2 1)k
2
e
Om (q; L; , ) =
i
i
(m +m+1
)k k!(m + + 2 k + +m+1
)
k=0
m
X (m, m 2 1, )s (2m + 2 s k + 3)

i
i
(m + +m+1
)s s!(m + + 2 s +m+1
)
s=0
m
X
(m, 2 m 1)k

i
(m +m+1 )k (m + + 2 k + i( + m + 1) cot q
)k!
L
k=0

Higher order SUSY-QM for Poschl-Teller potentials: coherent states and operator properties 12
1
m
X
(m, 2 m 1)s (2m + 2 s k + 3)
(68)
.

q
i
)
(m
+

+
2

i(
+
m
+
1)
cot
)s!
(m

+
s
+m+1
L
s=0

For computational details, see Appendix C.

In the limit, when the parameter m 0, the coherent states (66), (67) are reduced
to ones obtained by Bergeron et al [1].
[m,,]
[m, , ]
The scalar product of two coherents states |q,p i and |q ,p i satisfies
[m, , ]

hq ,p

(,) e
( , ) (,)
( , )
[m,,]
T (m; , , , ,
Rm (q)Km
(q )Km
i = Le 2~ Rm
|q,p

L
),
2~

(69)

where = Wm,, (q) + Wm, , (q ) + i(p p ) and




L
e
)= mi
, m + i
T (m; , , , ,
2~
m++1
m + + 1 m

m
2m 2
X
2
(m, m 1)k

L
)k (m + +
+ 2 k i 2~
)k!m!
( m i +m+1
2
k=0
m
X (m, m 1)s (2m + + + 3 k s)

. (70)

L
(m + i +m+1
)s (m + +
+ 2 s + i 2~
)s!m!
2
s=0
Proposition 4.1 The coherent states defined in (66)
(i) are normalized
[m,,] [m,,]
hq,p
|q,p i = 1,

(71)

(ii) are not orthogonal to each other, i.e.

[m, , ]

hq ,p

[m,,]
|q,p
i=
6 (q q )(p p ),

(72)

(iii) are continuous in q, p,

(iv) solve the identity, i.e.
Z
dq dp [m,,] [m,,]
|q,p ihq,p | = 1.
K 2~

(73)

Proof.
Non orthogonality: From (69) one can see that
[m, , ]

hq ,p

[m,,]
|q,p
i=
6 0,

(74)

which signifies that the CS are not orthogonal.

In the limit when the parameters , , q q and p p, the quantity

L
1
L 
[m,,] [m,,]

Le 2~ Te m; , , , ,
and hq,p
|q,p i = 1,
(,)
(,) 2
2~
(Rm (q)Km )
i.e the CS are normalized.
Continuity in q, p

[m,,]



[m,,]
[m,,] [m,,]
[m,,]
||(|q,p i |q,p
i)||2 = 2 1 Rehq ,p |q,p
i .
[m,,]

So, |||q,p i |q,p

|q q|, |p p| 0.

[m,,]

(75)
[m,,]

i||2 0 as |q q|, |p p| 0, since hq ,p |q,p

i 1 as

Higher order SUSY-QM for Poschl-Teller potentials: coherent states and operator properties 13
Resolution of the identity
Here we proceed as in [1] to show that
Z +m
4
(m + + 1 k + i(m + + 1) cot q)(m + + 1 s i(m + + 1) cot q)
2 (2m + 2 
k s + 2)
R

exp ( + m + 1) cot q(1 2x) dq
1
=
(76)

k 
s , x ]0, 1[, > 1.
1+i cot(x)
1i cot(x)
2+2m+2
sin
(x)
2
2

Let H and hq,p a function in L2 (R, dx) defined by



(
Wm,, (q)+ip
(m,,)
x 0
(x),
(x) exp
~
hq,p (x) :=
0

if x [0, L]
otherwise .

(77)

[m,,]

One can see that the scalar product hq,p |i given by

Z L

W
p
m,, (q)x
(m,,)
[m,,]
(,)
0
(x) (78)
hq,p |i = Rm (q)
dx ei ~ x (x) exp
~
0

[m,,]
(,)
q,p (p/~). Since the function
is the Fourier transform of hq,p , i.e. hq,p |i = Rm (q)h
hq,p L1 (R, dx) L2 (R, dx), by using the Plancherel-Parseval Theorem (PPT) we have
Z L
Z
dx
dp
[m,,]
2
(,)
2
|hq,p |i| = (Rm (q))
|h (x)|2 .
(79)
2 q,p
2~
4
0
R
The Fubini theorem yields
Z
Z L Z L
2Wm,, (q)x
dqdp [m,,]
dq
(m,,)
(m,,)
2
(,)
2
2
~
|hq,p |i| =
(R
(q))
|(x)|
e
dx
0
(x)0
(x)
m
2
K 2~
0
0 4
(80)

After using the inverse Fourier transform (see Appendix D), the above equation yields
Z
Z L
dqdp [m,,]
2
|hq,p |i| =
dx|(x)|2 .
(81)
2~
K
0
RL
By using the polarization identity on the interval [0, L], i.e 0 dx|(x)|2 =
RL
dxh|xihx|i we get the resolution of the identity. 
0
5. Conclusion

In this paper, we have determined a familly of normalized eigenfunctions of the hierarchic

Hamiltonians of the Poschl-Teller Hamiltonian H, . New operators with novel relevant
properties and their mean values are determined. A new hierachic familly of CS is
determined and discussed. In the limit, when m 0, the constructed CS well reduce
to the CS investigated by Bergeron et al [1].

Higher order SUSY-QM for Poschl-Teller potentials: coherent states and operator properties 14
Acknowledgements
This work is partially supported by the Abdus Salam International Centre for
Theoretical Physics (ICTP, Trieste, Italy) through the Office of External Activities
(OEA) - Prj-15. The ICMPA is also in partnership with the Daniel Iagolnitzer
Foundation (DIF), France.
(,)

Appendix A. The normalization constant of the eigenvector |n

By using the property of the eigenstates, we have

n,m =: ((,)
, (,)
n
m )


Z L
x
1
1

+
x
(,) (,)
L
+n+1 +m+1
e
dx sin2+n+m+2
= Kn K m
L
0

x  (am ,am ) 
x 
(an ,
an )
i cot
i cot
Pn
Pm
L
L
m
X
(m, am + a
m + m + 1)k
(
a
+
1)
(a
+
1)
n
n m
n
(,) (,)
= Kn K m
n!m!
(am + 1)k k!
k=0
n
X (n, an + a
n + n + 1)s
J,
(82)

(a
+
1)
s!
n
s
s=0

where
J = 2ks

h
x x
dx sin2+m+n+2
e L
L

In [1] it is shown that

Z 1
dx sin2+2 (x)ezx =
0

1
1
+
+n+1 +m+1


x k 
x s i
1 + i cot
1 i cot
L
L

3
(2 + 3)ez/2
z , > .
z
+1
4 ( + 2 + i 2 )( + 2 i 2 )
2

Therefore,
n,m
(,)

Kn

(,)

i
i
( m +m+1
)m ( n + +n+1
)n
n

o
1
1
n!m! exp
+ +m+1
22+n+m+2
2
+n+1
m
X
(m, 2 m 1)k

=L

Km

( m

k=0
n 
X

i
) k!( n+m
+m+1 k
2

+ +2k+

i
)
+n+1

(n, 2 n 1, )s (n + m + 2 s k + 3)




1
1
s!
n + i 2 +n+1 + +m+1
s=0
s
1

 .


1
1
n+m
+

+
2

i
+
2
2 +n+1
+m+1

The proof is achieved by taking n = m.

Higher order SUSY-QM for Poschl-Teller potentials: coherent states and operator properties 15
(1,,)

Appendix B. Computation of n
From (3) we have
d (,)

(x)
dx n+1

and

, 
Kn+1
x

x 
( + n + 2) cos
=

sin
L
L
+n+2
L

x  i(n + 2 + 2) 1 x
(an+1 ,
an+1 )
i cot
Pn+1
+
sin
L
2
L





x
x
x
sin+n+1
exp
Pn(an+1 +1,an+1 +1) i cot
L
L
L(n + + 2)

(83)


, 
~Kn+1

x
x
=
sin
( + 1) cos
L
+1
L
L

h L1 x i
x
x 
(an+1 ,
an+m+1 )
sin+n+1
Pn+1
i cot
.
exp
L
L( + n + 2)
L
From the latter expression and (83), we have
, 
h
i
sin x
~Kn+1
x
(,)
L
(n + 1) cos
A, n+1 (x) =
+
L
L
( + 1)( + n + 2)

x  i(n + 2 + 2) 1 x
(an+1 ,
an+1 )
i cot
Pn+1
+
sin
2

L
 L x 
x
+n+1 x
(an+1 +1,
an+1 +1)
sin
.
exp
i cot
Pn
L
L
L(n + + 2)

(,)
W, n+1 (x)

Let us determine cos x

+
L

(+1)(+n+2)

sin x
:
L

x
cos
+
sin
( + 1)( + n + 2)
L
s L

2

q
= 1+
[( + 1)( + n + 2)]2
1+

Finally,
(,)
A, n+1 (x)

1
2
[(+1)(+n+2)]2

cos

x
L

x
q
+
sin
2
L
( + 1)( + n + 2) 1 + [(+1)(+n+2)]
2
s


2
x
x
= 1+
cos
cos

(n)
+
sin
sin

(n)
,
,
[( + 1)( + n + 2)]2
L
L
s
 x

2
= 1+
cos

(n)
,
[( + 1)( + n + 2)]2
L
v
u
u 0 E (,)
 x

t
n+1 0
cos
, (n) .
(84)
=
0 (2 + n + 3)
L


(,)
 x

2M(n + 1)2 0n+1 E0
=
cos
, (n)
2 + n + 3
L

 i~(n + 2 + 2)


x 
x
(an+1 ,
an+1 )
(an+1 +1,
an+1 +1)
+
Pn
i cot
i cot
Pn+1
L
2L sin x
L
L
,
Kn+1

Higher order SUSY-QM for Poschl-Teller potentials: coherent states and operator properties 16


x
+n+1 x
,
exp
sin
L
L( + n + 2)
with
1
2
cos2 , (n) + sin2 , (n) =
+
2
2 + [( + 1)( + n + 2)]2
1 + [(+1)(+n+2)]
2
= 1,
,
and the constant Kn+1
defined in (5).

Appendix C. Computation of the normalization constant of CS

By using the definition
[m,,]
1 =: (|q,p
i, | [m,,]i)
Z L q,p
 2W

m,, (q)x
(m,,)
(m,,)
2
0
(x)0
(x)
dx
exp
= (R(,)
)
m
~
0
Z L

 2W
x
m,,0 (q)x
(,) (,) 2
= (Rm Km )
dx sin2+2m+2
exp
L
~
0

x 
x  (am ,am ) 
(am ,
am )
Pm
i cot
i cot
Pm
L
L m
X (m, am + a
m + m + 1)k
(
a
+
1)
(a
+
1)
m
m m
m
(,) 2
= (R(,)
K
)
m
m
2
(m!)
(am + 1)k k!
k=0
m
X (m, am + am + m + 1)s

S,
(85)
(a
+
1)
s!
m
s
s=0

with


 2( + m + 1)x
q 
x
exp
cot
S=2
dx sin2+2m+2
L
L
L
0


x k 
x s
1 + i cot
1 i cot
L
L
Z 1
i(ks)
dx sin2+2 (x)etx ,
= 2ks Le 2
ks

In [1] it is shown that

Z 1
dx sin2+2 (x)etx =
0

(2 + 3)et/2
3
,

>

.
t
t
2
4+1 ( + 2 + i 2 )( + 2 i 2 )

Then the relation (85) becomes


 2
1



(,) 2 +m+1
2 (+m+1) cot q
L
= L(Km ) (2
m!) e

 m+i
(,) 2
+m+1 m
(Rm )
m
X
(m, 2 m 1)k
k=0
m
X
s=0

where

(,)
Km

(m

i
) (m
+m+1 k

+ + 2 k + i( + m + 1) cot q
)k!
L

(m, 2 m 1)s (2m + 2 s k + 3)

,
i
(m + +m+1
)s (m + + 2 s i( + m + 1) cot q
)s!
L

is given in (5).

Higher order SUSY-QM for Poschl-Teller potentials: coherent states and operator properties 17
Appendix D. Integral involved in the resolution of the identity
Here, in similar way as in [1], using the well-known Fourier transform ([7] p 520)
Z
4 ( + 1 i 2t )( + 1 + i 2t )
eitx
k R, > 1,
dx
=
.
(86)
2+2
(2 + 2)
(x)
R 2 cosh
The inverse Fourier transform yields
Z
4 ( + 1 i 2t )( + 1 + i 2t ) ikx
1
x R, > 1,
e dx =
.
(87)
2+2
(2 + 2)
cosh
(x)
R
The analytical extension is unique; then, the above equality can be extended for
x C with Im(x) ] /2, /2[. By taking u = ix, t t and u = x 2 , =
m + k2 2s , t = 2( + m + 1) cot q i(k s), we arrive at
Z
(m + + 1 k + i(m + + 1) cot q)(m + + 1 s i(m + + 1) cot q)
2 (2m + 2 k s + 2)
R

exp ( + m + 1) cot q(1 2x) dq
s k
4m
=
k 
s , m + n + > 1.

2 2
1i cot(x)
sin2+2m+2 (x) 1+i cot(x)
2
2
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