All industries are made up of people and function through people, without people
no industries exist. The resources for men, material and machinery are collected, cocoordinated and utilized through people. Human resource by themselves fulfill the
objectives of an industries, they need to be united into a team. it is through the combined
effects of people that material and monetary resource are effectively utilized for the
attainment of common objectives without unity of no industry can achieve its goal.
According to Urwick. L.F., Business houses are made broken in the long run not
by market, capital, patents or equipment but by men
Of all the resource, manpower is the only resource, which does not depreciate
with the passage of time. Hence it is the duty of every employer to safeguard the resource
because without human resource no industrial unit can survive.
In every industrial unit the human resource requires some basic facilities inside
the premises to perform the job properly. These basic facilities are termed as welfare
measures in the Factories act 1948. The need for adoption of welfare measures as a
means to increase the workers productive efficiency, to keep up these moral and for the
maintain of industrial peace which has then realized by all section of the society. The
main objectives of this provision are to provide basic welfare amenities to the workers,
while working in the factories. Provision relating to welfare of the factory workers has
been numbered in Section 42 to Section 50 of the factories act 1948.
To study and analyze the safety and welfare measures of the employee.
Secondary objective
To find the level of satisfaction of employee about the facilities given by the
company.
CANTEEN
FACILITY
MEDICAL
FACILITY
MOTIVATION
JOB
SATISFACTION
Effect of
welfare
SAFETY
INFRA
STRUCTURE
WELFARE
MEASURES
measure on
morale
CREDIT
FACILITY
EMPLOYEE
MORALE
INTER
RELATIOSHIP
WORK
ENVIRONMENT
Temperature
Ventilation
Lighting
Dust
Smoke
Noise
Humidity
Posture simple
Provision of spittoons
3) Welfare Amenities
Canteen services
Lunch
Rest room
Crches
Cloak rooms
Other amenities
2) Recreation
3) Workers education
Literacy
4) Economic Services
Housing co-operatives
Factories Act
Family Planning
Employee counseling
the design of the organizations structure which facilities the flow of work and
Workers perception of the past awards and future opportunities for rewards
TYPES OF MORALE
Tardiness
IMPROVING MORALE
A three-fold action may be initiated. In the first place, it is essential to change
the policy or to correct it immediately. Employees do not lose their respect for the boss
who admits his mistakes but they cannot respect one who makes too many, and they may
have contempt for one who refuses to admit his mistakes.
Second, misconceptions should be removed, and the correct position should
be explained to the employees.
Third, a reasonable attempt should be made to educate and convince the
employees.
10
Allow your employees to gain ownership of their jobs by being part of the
decision-making process
11
12
A series of study carried out by the labor bureau of India in a variety of Industries
showed a large of women working in Manes did not have separate arrangements, latrines
and rest rooms shelters and crches were in neglected condition (1979).
NATIONAL COMMISSION (1969) The report of this commission was appointed in
1966 had reviewed many aspects of labor welfare in India such as existing conditions of
their interest level of workers earnings, standard of living and various welfare facilities,
canteens, crches, housing, transportation, recreational facilities, provisions.
.
NATIONAL COMMISSION (1972) In conjunction with the passage of 1970 of the
occupational Safety and Health Act Congress established a National Commission
undertake a compensation laws in order to determine if such provide an adequate,
prompt, equitable system of compensation.
EMPLOYEE WELFARE IN INDIA :
The chapter on the directive principles of state policy first our constitution expresses the
need for labour welfare thus :
Article 38. The state shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and
protecting as effectively as it may a social order in which, Justice, social, economic and
political shall inform all the institution ofthe national life.
Article 39. The state shall, in particular, direct its policy towards security.
a). That the citizen, men and women equally, have the rights to an adequate means of
livelihood.
b). That the ownership and control of the material resource are so distributed so as to sub
serve the common good.
13
c). That the operation of the economic system does not result in the concentration of
wealth and means of protection to the common determine.
d). That there is equal work for both men and women, and Article 42. The State shall
make provision for securing just and human condition for work and for maternity relief.
14
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH MEANING
Research is an art of scientific investigation. According to Redmen and Mary
defines research as a systematic effort to gain knowledge.
Research methodology is way to systematically solve the research problem. It is a
plan of action for a research project and explains in detail how data are collected and
analyzed. This research study is a descriptive research study.
RESEARCH DESIGN
A research design is a plan that specifies the objectives of the study, method to be
adopted in the data collection, tools in data analysis and hypothesis to be framed.
A research design is an arrangement of condition for collection and analysis of
data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to research purpose with economy in
procedure.
NATURE OF DATA
Primary data
The primary data are collected from the employees of FENNER through a direct
structured questionnaire.
Secondary data
Company profiles, websites, magazines, articles were used widely as a support to
primary data.
SAMPLING SIZE AND TECHNIQUE
Size of the sample
It refers to the number of items to be selected from the universe to constitute as a
sample. In this study 50 employees of FENNER in Chennai was selected as size of
sample.
15
Sample design
The sampling technique used in this study is simple random sampling method.
This method is also called as the method of chance selection. Each and every item of
population has equal chance to be included in the sample.
Population design
The population of this study is the total employee in the company. It is finite
population. There are four production centers for the organization for this study I have
taken only employees in one production centre.
Questionnaire
The questions are arranged logical sequence. The questionnaire consists of a
variety of questions presented to the employees for the response. Dichotomous questions,
multiple choice questions, rating scale questions were used in constructing questionnaire.
STATISTICAL TOOLS USED
To analyze and interpret collected data the following statistical tools were used.
1) Percentage method
2) Weighted average method
3) Chi-square analysis
4) Correlation
5) Regression
Percentage method
The percentage is used for making comparison between two or more
series of data. It is used to classify the opinion of the respondent for different factors. It is
calculated as
No. of respondents favorable
x 100
Percentage of respondent =
Total no of respondents
16
Here
XW represents the weighted average
X represents the value of variable
W represents the weight given to the variable.
Chi-square analysis
Chi-square analysis in statistics is to test the goodness of fit to verify the
distribution of observed data with assumed theoretical distribution. Therefore it is a
measure to study the divergence of actual and expected frequencies.
The formula for computing chi-square is as follows.
Chi-square = {(O-E)2 / E}
The calculated value of chi-square is compared with the table of chi-square for the
given degrees of freedom at the specified level of significance. If the calculated value is
greater than the tabulated value then the difference between the observed frequency and
the expected frequency are significant. The degrees of freedom is (n-2) where n is
number of observed frequencies and in case of contingency table the degrees of freedom
is (C-1)
It is used to find the relation between communication in work place and work
satisfaction. It is used to find the relation between welfare satisfaction and work
17
satisfaction it is used to find the relation between experience of respondents and work
satisfaction
Correlation
The correlation analysis deals with association between two or more variables.
The correlation does not necessary imply causation or functional relationship though the
existence of causation always implies correlation. By itself it establishes only covariance. It is used to find the degree of relationship between motivation and work
satisfaction.
Cov(x, y) = 1/n x y x
y
x = 1/n x2 x 2
y = 1/n y2 y 2
Cov(x, y)
r=
x X y
Here,
r = co-efficient of correlation
Regression
The Regression analysis deals with the nature of association between two
or more variables. In regression analysis we are concerned with the estimation of one
variable for a given value of another variable on the basis of an average mathematical
relationship between the two variables.
Y= a + bX
18
EXPERIENCE OF RESPONDENT
Experience
Frequency
Percentage (%)
0-1
4.0
2-5
10.0
6-10
17
34.0
Above 10
26
52.0
50
100.0
Total
Inference:
From the table it infers that 52% of respondent are experienced above 10
years and 4% are less than one year.
EXPERIENCE OF RESPONDENT
60
50
Percentage
40
30
20
10
0
0-1
2-5
6-10
Experience
19
above 10
Frequency
Percentage (%)
Highly satisfied
2.0
Satisfied
12
24.0
Neutral
12
24.0
Dissatisfied
19
38.0
Highly dissatisfied
12.0
Total
50
100.0
Inference:
From the table it infers that 38%of respondent are dissatisfied with the
safety measures and 24% of respondent are satisfied.
20
50
Percentage
40
30
20
10
0
Highly Satisfied
neutral
Satisfied
Highly dissatisfied
Dissatisfied
Safety Measures
21
Opinion
Frequency
Percentage (%)
Highly satisfied
10
20.0
Satisfied
28
56.0
Neutral
6.0
Dissatisfied
12.0
Highly dissatisfied
6.0
Total
50
100.0
Inference:
From the table it infers that 56%of respondent are satisfied with the medical
facility and 12% of respondent are dissatisfied.
LEVEL OF SATISFACTION OF MEDICAL FACILITY
60
50
Percentage
40
30
20
10
0
Highly satisfied
Neutral
Satisfied
Highly dissatisfied
Dissatisfied
22
Frequency
Percent
Satisfied
40
80.0
Neutral
16.0
Dissatisfied
4.0
50
100.0
Total
Inference:
From the table it infers that 80%of respondent are satisfied with the
working condition and 4% of respondent are dissatisfied.
100
Percentage
80
60
40
20
0
Satisfied
Neutral
Dissatisfied
23
Opinion
Frequency
Percentage (%)
Cordial
39
78.0
Moderate
10
20.0
Indifference
2.0
Total
50
100.0
Inference:
From the table it infers that 78%of respondent are satisfied with the
supervisor and 2% of respondent are dissatisfied.
LEVEL OF SATISFACTION OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUPERVISOR
AND WORKER
100
Percentage
80
60
40
20
0
cordial
moderate
indifference
24
Frequency
Percentage (%)
41
82.0
16.0
2.0
50
100.0
Cordial
Moderate
Indifference
Total
Inference:
From the table it infers that 82%of respondent are satisfied with the
workers and 2% of respondent are dissatisfied.
100
Percentage
80
60
40
20
0
Cordial
Moderate
Indifference
25
Frequency
7
17
12
10
4
50
Percentage (%)
14.0
34.0
24.0
20.0
8.0
100.0
Inference:
From the table it infers that 14%of respondent are highly motivated and
8% of respondent are not motivated.
40
Percentage
30
20
10
0
very high
high
moderate
low
26
very low
Frequency
2
11
15
18
4
50
Percentage (%)
4
22
30
36
8
100
Inference:
From the table it infers that 22% of the respondent feels that freedom given to
them to express their ideas is high and 36% of the feel as low.
Percentage
30
20
10
0
Very high
High
Moderate
Low
27
Very low
Frequency
10
20
13
7
Percentage
20
40
26
14
50
100
Total
Inference:
From the table we infer that 40% of the respondents are satisfied with the
grievance handling and 14% of the respondents are dissatisfied.
50
Percentage
40
30
20
10
0
alw ays
sometimes
rarely
never
28
Frequency
Percent
Always
23
46.0
Sometimes
23
46.0
Rarely
8.0
Total
50
100.0
Inference:
From the table it infers that 46%of respondent are always satisfied with
work and 8% of respondent are rarely satisfied.
60
50
Percentage
40
30
20
10
0
alw ays
sometimes
rarely
29
Frequency
Percentage (%)
33
66.0
17
34.0
50
100.0
Inference:
From the table it infers that 33%of respondent are always satisfied with
welfare and 34% of respondent are not satisfied.
SATISFACTION OF EMPLOYEES ABOUT WELFARE MEASURES
70
60
Percentage
50
40
30
20
10
0
yes
no
30
Opinion
Cordial
Moderate
Indifference
Total
Always
9
9
7
25
Sometimes
5
6
7
18
Rarely
0
6
1
7
Total
14
21
15
50
Expected count
Opinion
Cordial
Moderate
Indifference
Total
Always
7
10.5
7.5
25
Sometimes
5
7.6
5.4
18
Rarely
2
2.9
2.1
7
Total
14
21
15
50
Null Hypothesis:
H0: There is no significant difference between communication in work place
and work satisfaction.
31
CHI-SQUARE TESTS
O
9
5
0
9
6
6
7
7
1
(O-E)2
4
0
4
2.25
2.56
9.61
0.25
2.56
1.21
E
7
5
2
10.5
7.6
2.9
7.5
5.4
2.1
(O-E)2/E
0.57
0
2
0.21
0.34
3.31
0.03
0.47
0.58
32
Opinion
Yes
No
Total
Always
20
7
27
Sometimes
12
6
18
Rarely
1
4
5
Total
33
17
50
Always
Sometimes
Rarely
Total
17.8
9.2
27
11.9
6.1
18
3.3
1.7
5
33
17
50
Expected count:
Opinion
Yes
No
Total
Null Hypothesis:
33
CHI-SQUARE TESTS
O
20
12
1
7
6
4
(O-E)2
4.84
0.01
5.29
4.84
0.01
5.29
E
17.8
11.9
3.3
9.2
6.1
1.7
(O-E)2/E
0.27
0
1.60
0.53
0
3.11
Inference:
The calculated value is less than the tabulated value. H 0 is accepted. Therefore
there is no association between welfare satisfaction and work satisfaction.
34
Opinion
0-1
2-5
6-10
Above 10
Total
Always
1
2
6
14
23
Sometimes
1
2
10
10
23
Rarely
0
1
1
2
4
Total
2
5
17
26
50
Always
0.9
2.3
7.8
12
23
Sometimes
0.9
2.3
7.8
12
23
Rarely
0.2
0.4
1.4
2.1
4
Total
2
5
17
26
50
Expected count:
Opinion
0-1
2-5
6-10
Above 10
Total
Null Hypothesis:
H0: There is no significant difference between experience of respondent and
work satisfaction.
35
CHI-SQUARE TESTS
O
1
1
0
2
2
1
6
10
1
14
10
2
(O-E)2
0.01
0.01
0.04
0.09
0.09
0.36
3.24
4.8
0.16
4
4
0.01
E
0.9
0.9
0.2
2.3
2.3
0.4
7.8
7.8
1.4
12
12
2.1
(O-E)2/E
0.01
0.01
0.2
0.04
0.04
0.9
0.41
0.62
0.11
0.33
0.33
0.004
36
OPINION
ALWAYS
SOMETIMES
NEVER
TOTAL
24
12
14
50
28
19
50
FACTORS
MOTIVATION(X)
WORK
SATISFACTION(Y)
CORRELATION TABLE
X
X2
Y2
XY
24
28
576
784
672
12
19
144
361
228
14
196
42
Cov(x, y) = 1/n x y x y
= 1/3 (942-278)
= 35
x = 1/n x2 x 2
= 1/3(916-278)
= 5.14
y = 1/n y2 y 2
= 1/3(1154-278)
=10.28
37
Cov(x, y)
r=
x X y
= 0.66
Inference:
The motivation given to employees and work satisfaction are positively
correlated. The increase in motivation will increase the work satisfaction also.
38
OPINION
SATISFIED NEUTRAL DISSATISFIED
FACTORS
MEDICAL
FACILITY
INFRA
STRUCTURE
CANTEEN
FACILITY
CREDIT
FACILITY
TOTAL
35
11
50
27
14
50
21
14
50
26
10
14
50
RANK
WEIGHTS
X
1
2
3
W
3
2
1
TOTAL
CW
RANK
Medical
Facility
X1
35
4
11
50
WX1
105
8
14
124
2.48
1
FACTORS
Infra
Canteen
structures
Facility
Facility
X2
WX2
X3
WX3
27
81
21
63
9
18
14
28
14
14
15
15
50
113
50
106
2.26
2.12
2
4
39
Credit
Facility
X4
26
10
14
50
WX4
78
20
14
112
2.24
3
Inference:
From the table it is inferred that employees ranks medical facility followed
by infra structure with the canteen facility as last.
40
OPINION
FACTORS
EMPLOYEE
MORALE(X)
WELFARE
MEASURES(Y)
SATISFIED
NEUTRAL
DISSATISFIED
116
36
48
28
19
13
REGRESSION TABLE
X-X
X-X
116
28
49
36
48
13
(X-X)
(Y-Y)
Y-Y
Y-Y
2440
11
130
563
-31
936
-8
58
233
-19
346
-4
13
67
41
Formula
bxy = ( x-x )( y-y )
( x-x )2
= 863/201
= 4.29
Regression Equation
X-X = bxy (Y-Y)
X = 4.3Y -6.1
Inference:
Excluding the constant, from the above equation we can infer that effect of
welfare measure on morale is measure is found as1:4. Therefore we can conclude that the
effect of welfare measure on employee morale is about 25%.
42
43
Since most of the employees are married the company can concentrate on
crche facility.
The company can improve the grievance handling system so that they can
increase the employee satisfaction.
44
CONCLUSION
The study on effect of welfare measure on employee morale helps
the management to know the satisfaction level of the employees about the welfare
measure provided by the company. From this study we can infer that the majority of the
employees are satisfied with the welfare measures. The company can concentrate on
other facility like crche facility, uniform, and safety measures to boost the employee
morale. The employee morale is good in the company. It is found that the effect of
welfare measure on employee morale in this study is about 25%.
45
The time period of the study is very short, so elaborate study was not made.
Only certain factors are considered in this study to measure the effect of welfare
measure on employee morale.
The conclusions and suggestions were formed based on employees spot response.
46
QUESTIONNAIRE
PERSONAL DATA
1. Name
2. Age
(a) 18-25
(b) 26-35
3. Gender
(c) 36-45
(d) Above 45
(a) Male
(b) Female
4. Educational Qualification
(a) Below Hr Sec
5. Experience
(b) Hr Sec
(c) UG
(d) PG
6. Total Salary
7. Designation
8. Safety Measures
8.1.
9. Medical Facility
9.1 Specify the level of satisfaction
a) Highly satisfied b) Satisfied c) Neutral d) Dissatisfied
e) Highly Dissatisfied
9.2 Is there any periodical medical check up given to you
(a) Yes
10. ESI Benefits
(b) No
:
(b) No
(b) No
47
Satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Dissatisfied
Highly
Dissatisfied
Cleanliness
Hygienic
Serving
Price
Satisfied
Transport allowance
Attendance allowance
Punctuality allowance
Education allowance
48
Neutral
Dissatisfied
Highly
Dissatisfied
Highly
Satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Dissatisfied
Rest room
Drinking water
Ventilation
Lighting
Toilets
Working
environment
Transportation
14. Inter-relationship:
14.1. Relationship between co-workers
(a) Cordial
(b) Moderate
(c) Indifferent
(b) Moderate
(c) Indifferent
(b) Sometimes
(c) Rarely
(d) Never
(b) Sometimes
(c) Rarely
(d) Never
49
Highly
Dissatisfied
(a) Always
(b) Sometimes
(c) Rarely
(d) Never
20. In general are you satisfied with the welfare and safety measures given by
Management?
(a) Yes
(b) No
50