BB101 Engineering Science Chapter 6 Temperature and Heat

TEMPERATURE AND HEAT
BB101- ENGINEERING SCIENCE
6.0 TEMPERATURE AND HEAT

At the end of this chapter, students should be able to
define temperature and heat

describe the process of heat transfer
define heat capacity, specific heat capacity and state its unit.
apply the concept and formula in solving problems on heat capacity and specific heat
capacity
calculate heat energy transferred between two objects at different temperature
determine temperature at thermal equilibrium
6.1 Definition of temperature and heat

Temperature, T
Temperature is measure of the degree of hotness of a body. A hot body has a high
temperature whereas a cold body has a low temperature.
Heat, Q
Heat is a form of energy being transferred from a hot body to a cold body. The total amount
of heat in the body depends on the mass, material and temperature of the body.
Differences between temperature and heat
Temperature
1. The degree of hotness of a body
2. Base Quantity.
3. Unit: Kelvin (K) @ degree celcius (C)
4. Can measured by using thermometer.
Heat
1. A form of energy.
2. Derived quantity.
3. Unit: Joule (J)
4. No specific measuring equipment
6.2 Describe the Process Of Heat Transfer

Heat transferred from one place or body to another in three different ways. The three
methods are Conduction, Convection and Radiation.
Conduction
The vibration of molecules or
atoms from warmer to cooler
areas.
Conduction occurs in a solid
material.
Examples: putting your hand on a
stove burner. The amount of
energy transferred depends on
how conductive the material is.
Metals are good conductors, so
Convection
Heat is transferred from one place to
another place by the actual motion of a
hot fluid
Convection dominant form of heat
transfer in liquids and gasses.
Examples: The cooling system of a
car, in which water is circulated
between the hot engine block and the
radiator. In the radiator, the convected
heat is conducted through thin-walled
UNIT SAINS JMSK PUO/DIS 2012
Radiation
Heat energy is transferred by
electromagnetic radiation
No
transmission
required.
medium
Examples: heat transferred by xrays, radio waves, gamma rays

and ultraviolet.
Page 56
they are used to transfer energy metal tubes to the atmosphere.

from the stove to the food in pots
and pans.
6.3 Definition of Heat Capacity (Q) and Specific Heat Capacity

Heat Capacity, Q
The amount of heat energy (Q) gained or lost by a substance is equal to the mass of the
substance (m) multiplied by its specific heat capacity (c) multiplied by the change in
temperature (final temperature - initial temperature)
Q = m x c x (Tf - Ti) = mc
Q = mc
m = mass (kg)
c = specific heat capacity (J/kgoC)
= temperature change (oC)
Specific Heat capacity, c
Specific Heat Capacity (c) of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise the
temperature of 1kg of the substance by 1oC (or by 1 K).
The units of specific heat capacity are J oC-1 kg-1 or J K-1 kg-1
Page 57
6.4 Calculate Heat Capacity, Specific Heat Capacity and Energy transfer
Example 1
How much heat does 25 g of aluminium give off as it cools from 100 oC to 20 oC?. Given,
c aluminium = 880 J/kgoC.
Solution:
Q = mc
= 0.025 kg x 880 J/kgoC x (100 oC - 20 oC)
= 1.8 kJ
Example 2
The amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of a piece of marble from 27C to
37C is 2.64kJ. The mass of the marble is 0.25kg. Calculate the specific heat capacity of the
marble.
Q = mc
Q
mc
(2.64 10 3 )
=
(0.25)(37 27)
= 1056 Jkg 10C 1
c=
Example 3
42 kJ heat is used to raise water temperature from 20oC to 30oC. Determine the mass of the
water. For water, c water = 4.2 kJ/kgoC.
Solution:
Q = mc
42000 J = m x 4.2 kJ/kgoC x (30-20) oC
m = 42000 /42000
m = 1 kg
Example 4
An iron spoon of mass 500 g is heated from 200C to 1000C. Calculate the heat absorbed by
the iron spoon. Given, c iron = 452 Jkg 10C 1
Q = mc
= (500x10-3) x 452 x (100-20)
= 18080Joule
Page 58
6.5 Determine temperature at thermal equilibrium

Thermal Condition: A condition where two objects in thermal contact has no net
transfer of heat energy between each other.
Two bodies are said to be in thermal equilibrium when:
a) they are at same temperature
b) the net rate of heat flow between them is zero or there is no net heat flow
between them
When two substances having different temperatures are introduced or kept together,
heat energy flows from a substance at higher temperature to a substance at lower
temperature. Also, heat continues to be transferred till their temperatures are
equalized.
mhot
Q lost = Q gained
Heat Lost = Heat Gained
chot (thot - tmixed) = mcold ccold (tmixed -
tcold)
Example 1
In preparing tea, 600 g of water at 90 oC is poured into a 200 g pot at 20 oC. What is the final
temperature of the water? Given, c pot = 0.84 kJ / kg.oC.
Solution:
Heat lost by water = Heat gained by pot
(mc) water = (mc) pot
(0.6 kg)(4.2 kJ / kg.oC)(90 oC - T) = (0.2 kg)(0.84 kJ / kg.oC)(T - 20 oC)
(226.8 - 2.52 T) kJ = (0.168 T - 3.36) kJ
230.16 = 2.688 T
T = 230.16
2.688
T = 85.6 oC
Page 59
Example 2
A silver spoon of mass 50.0 g is at a temperature of 23 0C. This spoon is used to stir coffee
which is at temperature of 91 0C. The mass of the coffee is 220 g. The final temperature
reached by the spoon and coffee after stirring is 88 0C. Calculate
a) Heat absorbed by the spoon
b) The specific heat capacity of the coffee.
[Given, c spoon =0.23k Jkg 10C 1 ]
Solution:
a) Heat absorbed by the spoon, Q =mc
= (50 10-3)( 0.23 103)(88 23)
= 747.5 Joule
b) Heat released by the coffee = Heat absorbed by the spoon
mcoffeeccoffeecoffee = 747.5
ccoffee =
747.5
(220 10 -3 )(3)
ccoffee 1132.6 Jkg 10C 1

Example 3
A block of iron of mass 3 kg at temperature 310C is heated with an electric heater rated 100
W for 1.5 minutes. Find the rise in temperature and the final temperature of the block of iron.
[c iron = 452 Jkg 10C 1 ]
Solution:
Heat supplied by heater, Q = Power x time
= (100 x 1.5 x 60)
=9000 Joule
Heat received by iron black = 9000 J
9000 = 3 x 452 x
9000
(3 x 452)
6.64 0 C
=
Final temperature = (310C+ 6.64 0 C )

= 37.640C
Page 60
Tutorial Heat and Temperature

1. A tank holding 8 kg of water at 28C is heated by 1.5 kW electric immersion heater for a
period of 5 minutes. If the heat lost to the surroundings can be neglected, find the final
temperature of the water. (Specific heat capacity of water is 4200 Jkg-1C-1)
2. A piece of metal of mass 0.5 kg is heated to 100C in boiling water. It is then transferred
into a well-insulated beaker containing 1.5 kg of water at 27C. If the final steady
temperature of the water in the beaker is 32C, what is the specific heat capacity of the
metal? Assume that there is no loss of heat to the surroundings and ignore the heat
transferred to the beaker. (Specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J kg-1C-1)
3. A piece of lead of mass 2 kg is dropped from the top floor of a building 32.5 m high. If its
initial gravitational potential energy is converted totally into thermal energy, find the
temperature rise of the lead on hitting the ground. (Specific heat capacity pf lead = 130 J
kg-1C-1 and g = 9.81 ms-2).
4. If 2.5 kg of hot water at 100C is added to 10 kg of cold water at 28C and stirred well.
What is the final temperature of mixture? (Neglect the heat absorbed by container and
the heat lost by the surroundings.)
5. A kettle with 20C of water in in it needs 200kJ energy to heat the water until 80C.
Calculate the mass of the water. (Specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J kg-1C-1)
6. A 1.5 kW water heater is used to boil 2.5 kg of 20C water. Calculate the time required to
boil the water temperature reaches 100C. (Specific heat capacity of water is 4200Jkg1
C-1)
7. A block of iron of mass 2 kg at temperature 30C is heated with an electric heater
rated 100 W for 1 minute. Find the rise in temperature of the bock of iron.(Specific heat
capacity of iron is 452 J Kg-1C-1)
8.
600 g of copper at temperature of 1150C IS PUT IN 300 g of water with initial
temperaure 200C. If there is no heat exchange with the outside, find the final temperature.
[Given ccopper = 390J kg-1C-1 and cwater=4200 J kg-1C-1]
Answer:
1) 41.4C 2) 926.47 J/kgC 3) 2.46C
8) 34.88 0C
4) 42.4C 5)
0.79 kg
6) 560 s 7)
36.6C
Minimum requirement assessment task for this topic:

1 Theory Test & 1 Lab work & End of Chapter 2
Specification of Theory Test: CLO1 - C1, Specification of lab work: CLO2 (C2, P1),
Specification of End of Chapter: CLO3 (C2, A1)
COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME (CLO)
Upon completion of this topic, students should be able to:
1. Identify the basic concept of temperature and heat, (C1)
2. Apply concept of temperature and heat to prove related physics principles. (C2,P1)
3. Apply the concept of temperature and heat in real basic engineering problems. (C2,
A1)
Compliance to PLO
: PLO1 , LD1 (Knowledge) Theory Test 2

PLO2, LD2 (Practical Skill) Experiment 4
PLO4, LD4 (Critical Thinking & Problem Solving Skills)
Page 61
In this strategy, students individually consider an issue or problem and then discuss their ideas with a
partner.
Purpose: Encourage students to think about a question, issue, or reading, and then refine their
understanding through discussion with a partner.
What teachers do
What students do
During
Give students several questions (such as
Formulate thoughts and ideas, writing them
Temperature and Heat Tutorial) and let them to
down as necessary to prepare for sharing with a
spend several minutes to think about and writing
partner.
down the answers.
Practise good active listening skills when
Set clear expectations regarding the focus
working in pairs, using techniques such as
of the thinking and sharing to be done.
paraphrasing what the other has said, asking for
Put students in pairs to share and clarify
clarification, and orally clarifying their own
their ideas and understanding.
ideas and answers.
Monitor students dialogue by circulating

and listening.
After
Call upon some pairs to share their learning
and ideas with the whole class.
Pinpoint any information that is still unclear after
Possibly extend the Think/Pair/Share with a
the pair discussion, and ask the class and
further partner trade, where students swap
teacher for clarification.
partners and exchange ideas/ answers again.
Page 62

BB101 Engineering Science Chapter 6 Temperature and Heat

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

BB101 Engineering Science Chapter 6 Temperature and Heat

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

TEMPERATURE AND HEAT