sunscreens:
In sunscreen, zinc oxide and titanium oxide are white opaque solids that
give excellent UV protection. In previous products of sunscreen, zinc oxide
and titanium oxide were used in their macro particle form (fine particles
but larger then nanoparticles) they are still active an active ingredient in
some sunscreens and cosmetics. A disadvantage of this product is due the
visible white opaque layer that is left on the skin when the sunscreen is
applied.
The use of nanoparticles in sunscreen provides us with an advantage over
the past use of macro particles. This can be seen to the sunscreen being
invisible, in the particle size range a quantum effect occurs and the zinc
oxide and titanium oxide become invisible but still effective in protecting
against UV exposure this effect is caused due to their particle size range.
properties to improve our tech. The colour light that a quantum dot emits
is directly related to its size; smaller dots appear blue, larger ones are
more red. The unique colours produced by these solutions/colloids
(A colloid is a solution that has particles ranging between 1 and 1000
nanometres in diameter, yet are still able to remain evenly distributed
throughout the solution) is due to the presence of quantum dots. The
colours produced is due to the exposure to ultra violet light or black
light. The light emitted/displayed is an example of quantum effect.
When in bulk, Cadmium selenide CdSe, are neither soluble in water nor
exhibits this range of colours.
Antibacterial
In the well-known antibacterial and antifungal cream or treatment, there is
a element composition which include silver. The effects of antibacterial
and antifungal treatment is due to the release of silver ions from the silver
surface. When the silver is used in nanoparticle form, the vastly increased
surface area greatly enhances this antibacterial effectiveness. Because of
this reason, Nano silver has found a wide application range in medical
products such as surgical bandages, instruments and masks and now in
many consumer items such as eating utensils, socks, toys and
refrigerators, this is due to silver having antimicrobial effects helping to
prevent some bacterial and fungal infections. The use of nanoparticle
silver is creating a growing concern of the environment as its effect on the
environment is unknown.
The material like tyre rubber are known as Nano composites and are made
by adding Nano sized particles of one material to a matrix of bulk material
such as a metal, polymer or ceramic (e.g. ceramic). The resulting Nano
composite can have modified properties such as improved mechanical
strength, electrical and thermal conductivity, catalytic and optical
properties.
scanned. The size of the force is dependent on the gap between the
tip and the surface.
The afm has the advantage of actually being able to pick up
individual atoms or nanoparticles on a surface and deposit them in a
desired location. The tip of the AFM is made of a very hard material
like silicon or silicon nitride. The afm also has a greater advantage
due to its ability to be used on a greater range of surfaces.