CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

CAUSES OF CVD IN PIE CHART:

Cancer + Chronic respiratory disease +
diabetes 22%
Com. disease, maternal and perinatal
conditions and nutritional deficiencies
30%
CVD 30%
Injuries - 9%
Other chronic disease - 9%

There are no underlying symptoms but CVD

and stroke can be the first warning of an
underlying disease.
Symptoms of heart attack includes:
o pain or discomfort in the center of the
chest
o pain in the extremities
o difficulty in breathing
o feeling sick
o vomiting feeling
o light-headed
o breaking into cold sweat
o pale
Symptoms of stroke includes:
o weakness on one side of the body
o confusion
o difficulty in speaking
o difficulty in understanding speech
o difficulty seeing with both eyes
o difficulty in walking
o dizziness
o loss of balance
o loss of coordination
o severe headache
o fainting and unconsciousness

WHAT ARE CVD?

Includes:
o heart attacks
o cerebrovascular disease
o raised blood pressure (hypertension)
o peripheral artery disease
o rheumatic heart disease
o congenital heart disease
o heart failure
Major causes:
o tobacco use
o physical inactivity
o unhealthy diet
CVDs are the number one cause of death.
An estimated 17.5 million people died from it
in 2005.
It represents 30% of global death.
In this, 7.6 million were due to heart attacks.
In this, 5.7 million were due to stroke.
80% of this occurred in low-and-middle
income countries.
By 2015, it is estimated to be 20 million
deaths.

WHY DOES FAT BUILD UP IN BLOOD

VESSELS?
Three main reasons of which are smoking
and other tobacco use, unhealthy diet, and
physical inactivity.
Fatty streaks are early form of fatty
deposits.
Fatty streaks can be found in some children
younger than 10 years.
Fatty streaks are progressive.

WHAT CAUSES HEART ATTACKS AND

STROKES?
Both are mainly caused by a blockage that
prevents blood from flowing to the heart or
the brain.
The most common cause is a build-up of
fatty deposits.
Atherosclerosis is the hardening of the
arteries.
Atherosclerosis is when the blood vessels
become narrower and less flexible.
Blood vessels are blocked by blood clots.
WHAT ARE THE COMMON SYMPTOMS?

KEY MESSAGES TO PROTECT HEART

HEALTH:
Heart attacks and strokes are major and
preventable.
It occurs equally in men and women
CVDs risk in women are high after
menopause.
Secondary cause of CVDs and stroke
increase likelihood.
Cessation of tobacco use reduces the
chances of heart attack and stroke.
Physical activity for at least 30 minutes
every day of the week prevents such.

Eat at least five servings of fruit and

vegetables a day.
Limiting of salt intake to one teaspoon.
Have your blood pressure checked regularly.
Control blood pressure and blood sugar.
Maintain ideal body weight.
Note:
o Diabetes increases the risk of such.
o It can be fatal if assistance is not met
instantly.
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CRITICAL READING

Critical reading is a 20th century

phenomenon that is starting to gain interest
as subject of research interest.
This is where the power of words evoke
images and pictorial concepts through sense
impressions.
This make you evaluate the reading materials
you encounter.
The ability to make intelligent decisions rely
on being able to think critically.
According to Roe, Stoodt-Hill and Burns,
said that the major features of a reader are:
o open-minded
o avoids jumping into conclusions
o suspends judgment
o constantly question reading content
o has a problem-solving attitude
o knowledgeable regarding the topic
o discerns the authors purpose
o evaluates the authors justifications
o evaluates the validity of the material
o evaluates the use of propaganda
o evaluates the authors logic
o evaluates the authors use of language
Poem uses expressive moods, emotions and
feelings through shared experiences felt by
the poet himself/herself.
There are three factors to consider:
o Substance
This refers to ones inner thoughts,
feeling, aspirations, etc.
o Style
This is the uniqueness of a writer. It
speaks of individuality. The writer
presents proper words in proper places.
o

Structure
This depicts the manner of organizing
and developing the poem.

Every stanza is related to all stanzas to

have a clear presentation of the poem.
The reader could include the literal and
metaphorical interpretation of the poem.
Literal aspects is defined as the direct
interpretation of a writers perspective.
Metaphorical aspects is defined as the
deeper interpretation based on life
experiences.
A critical reader recognizes what a text says
and how the text portrays the subject
matter.
Other reading materials that requires such
are:
o Editorials
o Opinion columns
o Technical reports
o Letters to the editor
o Research papers
o Thesis
o Speeches
o Advertisements
-------------------------------------------------------------------READING-WRITING CONNECTION
RWC indicates strong relationship between
reading and writing.
RWC skills involve parallel and
complementary learning processes.
Statements according to experts:
1. Both involve active thinking process
a. Activate prior knowledge
b. Relate ideas to author
c. Writers activate their background
knowledge prior the writing process
d. Require preparatory acts
e. Prep acts will make you infer,
discriminate and evaluate ideas to
conform you purpose, the reader and
the author.
f. HOTS higher-order thinking skills
of interpreting, analyzing, selecting,
organizing, etc.
2. Both involve a multi-step process
It is not merely putting words or symbols
together.
There are three stages of writing:
a. Pre- Stage
aka Ideation or Invention Stage

collect ideas
stock brain with variety of
knowledge
data gathering strategies are
outlining, reading, interviewing,
speculating, brain storming,
looping, semantic webbing,
clustering, and using graphic
organizers.
think about the purpose

b. During Stage
selecting ideas
organizing ideas
perform all levels of thinking
key to an excellent reading
comprehension and a qualitative
writing output
maintaining a symbiotic or
complementary relationship
note:
Both affect each other
Good understanding = good
work
Well-written = deep reading
comprehension.
c. Post Stage
exposes a lot of critical,
evaluative, and appreciative
thinking.
validate your thoughts
determine if these ideas are in
conformity
adjust or modify
3. Both reinforce or strengthen each other.
a. enrich your views about your
environment
b. personal experience provide the
content of your composition.
c. widens your vocabulary
d. exposes you to everything
e. writing improves good reading
comprehension
f. written works enables you to perform
Determing the Authors Purpose,
Point of View, Mood or Tone
g. note:
Your writing abilities greatly depend
on you reading material.

Carefully planned composition helps

you in stating the thesis or main idea
of the reading material.
h. quote:
If you want to be a good writer,
you have to be a voracious reader.
You must keep on reading and reading
for according to Roland Peck,
Nobody but a reader ever
becomes a writer.
-------------------------------------------------------------------RHETORIC DISCOURSE: ITS MODES AND
ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERNS
Authors way helps the reader understand the
text he/she is reading.
Familiarizing yourself with different
approaches, methods, processes, and styles is
a way of enhancing reading and thinking
skills for academic study.
Rhetoric or Discourse is the scientific and
artistic manner of expressing your ideas, etc.
To express oneself to various rhetorical
modes means to use language structures
beyond its level.
Text is contextualized through the use of
different cohesive devices like conjunctions,
references, and other language structures.
Transitional devices are indispensable in any
modes.
RHETROICAL MODES
1. Exposition
Way of expressing speech
Writing or speech
Main purpose of the paper is to expose,
show, or explain
Give further information
Give a character sketch
Summarize or paraphrase a written work
Do a critical analysis
Note: imagine your audience with a
limited knowledge.
2. Descriptive
Paint a picture in words
Similar to painting
Use words to create images or mental
pictures about your topic

Secret is:
o Wide vocabulary
o Rich schemata
o Good perception of the
environment
Two perspective:
o Objective
- informative
- observable
- measurable
- physical
o Subjective
- evocative
- character
- highly relative
- moods, feeling, attitudes

3. Narrative
presentation of an event
present series of events systematically
and orderly.
Recount is according to the writers pov.
Factual is factual stories.
An example of a factual is a patients
history.
4. Argumentation
to persuade
convincing the second party
central: asserting facts
RHETORICAL PATTERNS
1. Cause-Effect
a certain events results to another
possible in reverse meaning: effect then
cause
markers:
o leads to
o thus
o results
2. Chronological order

arranged by time occurrence

process-analysis
markers:
o first
o now
o soon
o eventually
o in the end

3. Classification
group something based on standards
class is referred to as species
4. Comparison-contrast
Similarities and differences
Styles:
o Point-by-point
o Block style
Point-by-point
o aka alternating pattern
o pit against one another based on
characteristic
Block style
o differentiate separately
5. Spatial pattern
organizes based on space and distance
internal to external
position or location determines the order
of sentences
6. Deductive pattern
inverted pyramid
universal to particular
first part is the laying of facts
last part is the conclusion
7. Inductive pattern
pyramid
particular to universal