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ISSUE.MAY 2015. VOLUME .02

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INDIA

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LUMPY
SKIN DISEASES

ourist who does not rest

Dr.Muslim Dhaher Musa, Ph.D

-An Interview

M
JOURNALS
Call for Papers
MAY 2015 ISSUE

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MICROBIOZ JOURNALS

International Journal of Microbiology

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Last Date of Submission: 25th May 2015
Last Date of Publication: 30th May 2015

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Editors Desk
D

ear readers Microbioz India, I would like to say thanks to all of our readers

supporters and more as our team members who appreciate me well in continuing of
Microbioz India, monthly official publication. Microbioz India, May 2015 issue of
magazines, cover story of magazines featured by a very fastest growing and one of the
most common disease in South Africa and Iraq entitled LUMPY SKIN DISEASES:
TOURIST DOES NOT REST the cover story is prepared by Dr.Moslim Dhaher
Musa,Ph.D ( Author & Editor of Microbioz India).

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The clinical syndrome of lumpy skin disease (LSD) was first described in Zambia
(formerly Northern Rhodesia) in 1929. Initially, it was considered to be the result
either of poisoning or a hypersensitivity to insect bites. Between 1943 and 1945, cases
occurred in Botswana (Bechuanaland), Zimbabwe (Southern Rhodesia) and the
Republic of South Africa. The infectious nature of the disease was recognized at this
time. A panzootic in South Africa, which lasted until 1949, affected some eight million
cattle and consequently incurred enormous economic losses (Thomas and Mare,
1945; von Backstrom, 1945; Diesel, 1949) .LSD, was first identified in East Africa in
Kenya in 1957 and the Sudan in 1972 and in West Africa in 1974, spreading into
Somalia in 1983. From 1929 to 1986 the disease was restricted to countries in subSaharan Africa, although its potential to extend beyond this range had been suggested
(Davies, 1981).In May 1988, LSD was recognized clinically in the Suez Governorate
of Egypt, where it was thought to have arrived at the local quarantine station with cattle
imported from-Africa. The disease spread locally in the summer of 1988 and
apparently overwintered with little or no manifestation of clinical disease. It
reappeared in the summer of 1989 and, in a period of five to six months, spread to 22
of the 26 governorates of Egypt. A rapid reaction to the problem led to the vaccination
of nearly two million cattle with a sheep pox vaccine. Morbidity in this epizootic was
low, being 2 percent of the whole cattle population. Approximately 1449 animals died.
(Source: FAO, CORPORATE, DOCUMENT REPOSITORY)
As we did in our earlier issue, in May 2015 issue of Magazines we would like to
introduce you all with Dr.Muslim Dhaher Musa, Ph.D
Dear readers apart from cover story Magazines also has number of recent research
news information and scholarships updates for pursuing higher education in the area
of Microbiology and Applied biological sciences collected from worldwide soures and
reputed institutions. Do not forget to play Microbioz India, may edition of cross word
and submit your answers by first fifteen days of may 2015.
Kumaar Jeetendra
Chief Editor

Microbioz India
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Contents
Cover Story:

Open scholarships position:

For pursuing higher education in the area of

Lumpy Skin Disease: Tourist does not rest

Microbiology, find valuable scholarship position from

different reputed Institutios.

22

6
Recent Research News:

Scientist talk:

Microbioz India,Magazine this issue has a huge collection of Recent

Research news Information Collected from world wide sources.

As we did in our earlier issue, in May 2015 Issue we

are going to introduce you all with Dr.Muslim
Dhaher Musa, Ph.D from Nasiriya Iraq

32

10
Buisness news in focus:
Since last few issue of Microbioz India,Magazines,we started to
provide Information about Bio-Tech & Pharma buisness updates

20

Microbiology Cross word:

Must play Microbioz India May 2015 Issue of Cross word
game and see the list of winners of April 2015 Issue.

34

Cover Story

LUMPY
SKIN DISEASES

ourist who does not rest

umpy Skin Disease (LSD) Causes considerable

economic losses due to emaciation, damage to hides,

infertility, mastitis, loss of milk production, and mortality
of up to 20%. The severity of clinical signs of LSD
depends on the strain of capripoxvirus and the host cattle
breed [5].
The disease affects cattle and tends to be more severe in
milking cows in the peak of lactation and in young
animals [6]. Animals which show disease clinically, there
is febrile reaction that may exceed 41 C. fever may last
for varying periods ranging from 4-14 days. Depression,
disinclination to move, loss of apptit , increase saliva
secretion, and a nasal discharge, which may be mucoid
or mucopurulent also exist . The superficial lymph nodes,
especially prescapular, precrural and subparotid, are
usually markedly enlarged [7].
The virus was isolated from arthropod vectors and the
role of vectors in transmission of the virus was
experimentally confirmed , Epidemiological evidence
suggests that, outbreaks of LSD were highly associated
with prevalence of high insect vectors population and
with upcoming of rainy season[8].

Cover Story

Lumpy Skin Disease

TOURIST DOES NOT REST

-Dr.Muslim Dhaher Musa,Ph.D

E-mail: musamoslim@yahoo.com

L
I would like to comment on
article published by Eeva
Tuppurainen, Chris Oura in
Veterinary Record 2014 as
they
attribute
the
transmission of LSD from
Africa to Europe occur from
Iraq and Syria as result of
(veterinary
service
collapse),
I can guarantee that LSD
has been recorded in Iraq
recently and no animal
importation
has
been
associated with disease and
veterinary services
use
Sheep poxvirus vaccine and
succeed to relatively stop the
disease distribution at least
in south of Iraq.

MICROBIOZ INDIA

umpy Skin Disease (LSD, Pseudo-urticaria, Neethling virus disease, exanthema nodularis bovis
and knopvelsiekte) is one of the most economically significant trans-border, emerging viral
diseases. It is currently endemic in most Africa countries and expanded to Middle East region
[1]. The disease ,characterized by fever, nodules on the skin, lesions in the mouth, pharynx
and respiratory tract, emaciation, enlarged lymph nodes, oedema of the skin, and sometimes
death[2].
LSD caused by prototype strain of Neethling virus and belongs to genus
Capripoxvirus within Poxviridae family the genus include, Sheeppoxvirus (SPV), Goatpoxvirus
(GPV) and Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) [3]. LSD has a partially different geographical
distribution from sheep and goat pox, suggesting that cattle strains of capripoxvirus do not
infect and transmit between sheep and goats [4], although All the viruses in the Capripoxvirus
genus share a common major antigen for neutralizing antibodies and it is thus not possible to
distinguish strains of capripoxvirus from cattle, sheep or goats using serological techniques.
LSD Causes considerable economic losses due to emaciation, damage to hides, infertility,
mastitis, loss of milk production, and mortality of up to 20%. The severity of clinical signs of
LSD depends on the strain of capripoxvirus and the host cattle breed [5].
The disease affects cattle and tends to be more severe in milking cows in the peak of lactation
and in young animals [6]. Animals which show disease clinically, there is febrile reaction that
may exceed 41 C. fever may last for varying periods ranging from 4-14 days. Depression,
disinclination to move, loss of apptit , increase saliva secretion , and a nasal discharge, which
may be mucoid or mucopurulent also exist . The superficial lymph nodes, especially
prescapular, precrural and subparotid, are usually markedly enlarged [7].
The virus was isolated from arthropod vectors and the role of vectors in transmission of the
virus was experimentally confirmed , Epidemiological evidence suggests that, outbreaks of
LSD were highly associated with prevalence of high insect vectors population and with
upcoming of rainy season[8].
The story of lumpy skin disease began in Zambia 1929, it was considered to be the result
either of poisoning or a hypersensitivity to insect bites[9].Between 1943 and 1945,occurred in
Botswana, Zimbabwe and the Republic of South Africa, 1970 reach Sudan ,1974 in Nigeria,
1977 ,Mali and Liberia, 1980 in Tanzania , Kenya , and Somalia , 1988 in Egypt then 1989
Israel ,in Kuwait 1991,in Lebanon 1993, Yemen 1995,U.A.E in 2000 and in Saudi Arabia
reported in 1992 but not confirmed[9]the disease became recognized in Middle East during
2006,2007 until now a days , more recently in Iraq although there is no epidemiological data
obtained from Iraq but the disease effect cattle in south of Iraq such as Basrah , Thi-Qar
,Hilla provinces

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May 2015 Issue

08

Cover Story
Disease Symptoms

Cattles showing the symptoms of Lumpy Skin Disease

Lumpy skin disease is an infectious, eruptive, occasionally fatal disease of cattle characterized by nodules on the skin and other
parts of the body. Secondary bacterial infection often aggravates the condition. The causal virus is related to that of sheep pox.
The prototype strain is known as the Neethling poxvirus. Lumpy skin disease appears epidemically or sporadically. Frequently,
new foci of infection appear in areas far removed from the initial outbreak. A subcutaneous injection of infected material
produces a painful swelling and then fever, lacrimation, nasal discharge, and hypersalivation, followed by the characteristic
eruptions on the skin and other parts of the body in ~50% of susceptible cattle. The incubation period is 414 days. The nodules
are well circumscribed, round, slightly raised, firm, and painful and involve the entire cutis and the mucosa of the GI, respiratory,
and genital tracts. Nodules may develop on the muzzle and within the nasal and buccal mucous membranes. The skin nodules
contain a firm, creamy-gray or yellow mass of tissue. Regional lymph nodes are swollen, and edema develops in the udder,
brisket, and legs. Secondary infection sometimes occurs and causes extensive suppuration and sloughing; as a result, the animal
may become extremely emaciated, and euthanasia may be warranted.
By reviewing the continues movement of disease one could conclude the disease my reach Europe in near future , in this respect
I would like to comment on article published by Eeva Tuppurainen, Chris Oura in Veterinary Record 2014 as they attribute the
transmission of LSD from Africa to Europe occur from Iraq and Syria as result of (veterinary service collapse), I can guarantee
that LSD has been recorded in Iraq recently and no animal importation has been associated with disease and veterinary services
use Sheep poxvirus vaccine and succeed to relatively stop the disease distribution at least in south of Iraq.

MICROBIOZ INDIA

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May 2015 Issue

23

Cover Story
But by personal communication with Prof Kamal AL-Saad (professor in internal medicine in veterinary college of Basrah
University ) he suggest that LSDV has recently to Iraq through illegal introduction of asymptomatically infected cattle from Syria
, but the Iraqi-Syrian border considered as conflict zone since two years ago so It is hard to believe that illegal transportation
through these border .

As mentioned in many articles the disease transmission occur in to common ways even through

movement of infected animals or through mechanical vectors.

The mechanical spread of the LSD virus has mainly associated with flying insects and all the possible clue confirms the field
observations that epidemics of LSD occur at periods of greatest biting insect activity[9]. I suggest similar scenario has been
occur in transmission of disease from Egypt to Israel which was thought that the transmission occur via wind-borne mode of
transmission via the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) from disease foci in Egypt was suspected. This is based on no animals
imported to Iraq from neighboring countries. The possibility of introduction of LSD to Iraq through insect vector is less since;
vector-borne transmission of LSD is efficient only if it occurs in the short interval between the feeding event on the infected
animal and the feeding event on the next susceptible host. The plausible cause for transmission of the disease as indicated by
[7] that the transmission over long distance occur through movement of infected by asymptomatic animals through borders.
Finally this assay has attempt to discuss the possible ways that contribute to introduce the disease to Iraq.

But still

epidemiological information, strain virulence need to be studied of LSDV isolated from Iraq.

Acknowledgement
Special thank to Dr. Kamal Saad for his co-operation and provide me with some pictures of clinically infected cattle .

References

Tuppurainen, E. S. M and Oura. C. A. L., (2011). Review: Lumpy Skin Disease: An Emerging Threat to Europe, the Middle
East and Asia, Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, Surrey, UK.
World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) (2010). Lumpy skin disease. In Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for
Terrestrial Animals. OIE, Paris, 113. Available at: www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahm/2.04.14_LS
D.pdf (accessed on 5 August 2014).
Buller,R.M;Arif,B.M;Black,K.R;Dumbell and Esposito,J.J(2005)Family Poxviridae.In virus Taxonomy :classification and
nomenclature of viruses : eight report of International committee on taxonomy of viruses ,Fauquest
,C.M,Mayo,M.A;Maniloff,U.Desselberger and Ball,L.A (Eds).2nd edn .Academic Press .San Diego,ISBN-13 :
9780122499517,pp117-188.
OIE . 2010. OIE Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals . Lumpy skin disease. Chapter2. 4. 14.
pp768-778.
Anonymous D. (1988). Lumpy skin disease.Vol.1.No.l, Paris: O.I.E. Disease Information
Gari G, Bonnet P, Roger F and Waret-Szkuta A, 2011. Epidemiological aspects and financial impact of lumpy skin disease in
Ethiopia. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 102, 274-283.
EFSA (2015) Scientific Opinion on lumpy skin disease. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy, EFSA Journal
2015;13(1):3986
Birhanu. H; Gezahign. A, and Nuru. S (2015). Epidemiology, Economic Importance and Control Techniques of Lumpy Skin
Diseases. Animal and Veterinary Sciences; 3(2): 58-66 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/avs)
Tuppurainen, E. S. M and Oura, C. A. L.(2011). Review: Lumpy Skin Disease: An Emerging Threat to Europe,the Middle
East and Asia. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases,59 pp 40-48
Al-Salihi, K. A(2014). Lumpy Skin disease: Review of literature.
MRVSA 3(3), 6-23
http://mirrorofresearchinveterinarysciencesandanimals.com/

MICROBIOZ INDIA

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May 2015 Issue

10

Research News
Swine Farming is a risk factor for drug
resistant Staph, Recent Study Suggests
Story Source: University of Lowa
Written by: Debra Venzke

wine

farmers

are

more

likely to carry

multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus

aureus (S.

aureus or staph) than people without current

swine exposure, according to a study conducted
by a team of researchers from the University of
Iowa, Kent State University, and the National
Cancer Institute. The study, published online in
the journal Clinical Infectious Diseases, is the
largest

prospective

examination

of S.

aureus infection in a group of livestock workers

worldwide, and the first such study in the
United States. S. aureus is a type of bacteria
commonly found on the skin as well as in the
noses and throats of people and animals. About
30 percent of the U.S. population carries these
bacteria, which can cause a range of skin and
soft tissue infections. Although most infections
are

minor, S. aureus can

serious infections.

sometimes

cause

Hogs being fed in an Iowa hog lot.

Photo by Lynn Betts, USDA Natural
Resources Conservation Service.

Increasingly, drug-resistant strains of S. aureus are emerging, including methicillin -resistant (MRSA), tetracycline-resistant
(TRSA), or multidrug-resistant (MDRSA) strains. And while previous studies have shown that certain strains of S. aureus are
often associated with swine, cattle, and poultry exposure, little is known about livestock-associated staph carriage and
infection in the United States. The study authors note the research helps keep farmers safe by raising awareness about a
potential health issue in swine operations. S. aureus does not present an economic concern for swine farmers since pigs
generally are unaffected by staph infections. S. aureus does not typically make pigs sick, but they can act as carriers and
transmit the bacterium to farmers, says Tara Smith, corresponding author on the study. While carriage of S. aureus isnt
itself harmful, individuals who harbor the bacterium in their nose, throat, or on their skin are at risk of developing an active
staph infection, and they can also pass the bacterium to other family or community members. Individuals who may be
immunocompromised, or have existing conditions such as diabetes, are especially at risk from staph infections.

MICROBIOZ INDIA

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May 2015 Issue

11

Research News
For the study, the researchers followed a group of 1,342 Iowans, including individuals with livestock contact and a communitybased comparison group, for 17 months. The participants were recruited from 53 of Iowas 99 counties and lived in rural areas
or small towns. Nose and throat swabs were collected from participants at the beginning of the study to determine if they
carried S. aureus. Participants who experienced skin infections during the study period also were assessed for S. aureus.
Overall, 26 percent of the participants carried S. aureus. However, the investigators found that farmers with livestock exposure,
particularly swine exposure, were more likely to carry MDRSA, TRSA, and livestock-associated S. aureus than those who werent
exposed to livestock.
Current swine workers were six times more likely to carry multidrug-resistant S. aureus than those study participants without
current swine exposure, says Smith. The study is based on research that Smith, currently an associate professor at Kent State
University, conducted while she was a faculty member at the UI College of Public Health.
Swine workers are also at risk of becoming infected with these organisms, Smith adds. One hundred and three potential S.
aureus infections were reported, and included infections with livestock-associated strains of this bacterium.There currently is
no method to prevent or eliminate carriage of S. aureus in animals or their human caretakers, meaning constant re-exposure
and possibly transmission can occur between livestock and farm workers. Those workers can then pass staph to their family or
community members.
Journal Reference:
Shylo E. Wardyn, Brett M. Forshey, Sarah A. Farina, Ashley E. Kates, Rajeshwari Nair, Megan K. Quick, James Y. Wu, Blake M.
Hanson, Sean M. O'malley, Hannah W. Shows, Ellen M. Heywood, Laura E. Beanefreeman, Charles F. Lynch, Margaret Carrel,
and Tara C. Smith. Swine Farming Is a Risk Factor for Infection With and High Prevalence of Carriage of Multidrug-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus. Clinical Infectious Diseases, April 2015 DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ234
Note: For more story content go through story source.

*******************************

Research News

Possibilities of life under

Antarctica,New research uncovers the
mystery

Story Source: University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996

A helicopter begins a survey with an airborne electromagnetic sensor at Bull Pass in the
Wright Valley, McMurdo Dry Valleys, and Antarctica.
Credit: J. Mikucki

Many view Antarctica as a

Many view Antarctica as a frozen wasteland. Turns out there are hidden interconnected

frozen wasteland. Turns out

lakes underneath its dry valleys that could sustain life and shed light on ancient climate

there

change. Jill Mikucki, a UT microbiology assistant professor, was part of a team that

interconnected

detected extensive salty groundwater networks in Antarctica using a novel airborne

electromagnetic mapping sensor system called SkyTEM.The research, funded by the
National Science Foundation, provides compelling evidence that the underground lakes and
brine-saturated sediments may support subsurface microbial ecosystems.

are

hidden
lakes

underneath its dry valleys that

could sustain life and shed
light

on

ancient

climate

change.

The study is published in the current edition of the journal Nature Communications. It is available through open access. The
findings allow scientists to better learn how Antarctica has responded to climate change over time, said Mikucki, the studys
lead author. The findings also help them understand glacial dynamics. It may change the way people think about the
coastal margins of Antarctica, she said. We know there is significant saturated sediment below the surface that is likely
seeping into the ocean and affecting the productivity of things that feed ocean food webs. It lends to the understanding of
the flow of nutrients and how that might affect ecosystem health.

MICROBIOZ INDIA

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May 2015 Issue

13

Research News
The researchers believe the newly discovered brines harbor similar microbial communities in the deep, cold dark groundwater.
The brines may provide insight on how microbes survive such extreme conditions. They also may provide the basis for future
exploration of a subsurface habitat on Mars. Mikucki and the international interdisciplinary team used the airborne sensor to
produce extensive imagery of the subsurface of the coldest, driest desert on earth, the McMurdo Dry Valleys in Antarctica.
Because a helicopter was used to make the measurements, large areas of rugged terrain could be surveyed. The team found that
brines form extensive aquifers below glaciers, lakes and within permanently frozen soils.airborne sensor technology was
developed at the University of Aarhus in Denmark and was used in Antarctica for the first time during this study.The team also
flew the sensor over the Taylor Glacier, one of the best-studied glaciers in the world. The glacier has a unique feature known as
Blood Falls, where iron-rich brine from the subsurface is released at the front of the glacier. The falls is known to harbor an
active microbial community where organisms use iron and sulfur compounds for energy and growth, and in the process facilitate
rock weathering.
In addition to Mikucki, co-authors on the paper include researchers from the University of California, Santa Cruz; Dartmouth
College; the University of Illinois at Chicago; Louisiana State University; University of Wisconsin; Aarhus University in Denmark;
and Sorbonne Universits, UPMC in France.
References
J. A. Mikucki, E. Auken, S. Tulaczyk, R. A. Virginia, C. Schamper, K. I. Srensen, P. T. Doran, H. Dugan, N. Foley. Deep
groundwater and potential subsurface habitats beneath an Antarctic dry valley. Nature Communications, 2015; 6: 6831 DOI:
10.1038/ncomms7831
Note : For more story information go through source,Original story is written by: Lola Alapo

Mathmatical Concepts of knowing the

process,How fluid flow affects Microbes
Story Source: University of Liverpool
Many bacteria are mobile and inhabit a variety of dynamic fluid environments: from turbulent oceans to medical devices such as
catheters.Mathematicians from the Universities of Liverpool and Manchester developed a new set of equations to study how
flowing fluid affected the movement of bacteria and how the swimming behaviour of the bacteria themselves affected their
travel.Bacteria can change their swimming direction when they encounter a chemical cue which allows them to move towards
preferable environments and away from harmful chemicals.Since the first attempts at classifying bacteria in the 17th century,
shape has been an important feature, yet it is still not fully understood how shape affects the ability of bacteria to navigate their
environments.

Slender bacteria
The equations showed, in regions where there are strong gradients in the fluid velocity (high shear), that the majority of slender
bacteria (rod-shaped bacteria), but not spherical bacteria, swim in the same direction in which the fluid is flowing.This means
that slender bacteria get trapped in these high shear regions because it is too difficult for them to swim against the direction of
the flow.This may negatively affect their ability to find food because they are no longer able to perform an efficient search
strategy when trapped. Conversely it may positively affect their ability to colonise surfaces because they may become trapped in
regions close to surfaces.

MICROBIOZ INDIA

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May 2015 Issue

14

Research News

Researchers from the University of Liverpool have

used mathematical equations to shed new light on
how flowing fluid hinders the movement of bacteria in
their search for food.
Many bacteria live in dynamic fluid environments such as the turbulent
seawater along this coast.
Credit: Vibe Images / Fotolia

Dr Rachel Bearon, from the Department of Mathematical Sciences and lead author on the paper, said: "Our findings build on
recent and surprising research which found that moving water impeded bacteria movement, which isn't what you would
expect."Using a new set of mathematical equations we were able to show that this happened because of the interplay between
swimming behaviour, bacterial shape, and fluid dynamics."These findings could have implications for nutrient acquisition in
marine microbial ecosystems and also for the formation of biofilms formed in medical devices, as high shear is typically found at
walls."The study, published in Journal of Fluid Mechanics Rapids, further explains recent research by Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (MIT) scientists which found that fluid flow reduces the ability of microbes to chase food and helps microbes to find
surfaces.

References
R. N. Bearon, A. L. Hazel. The trapping in high-shear regions of slender bacteria undergoing chemotaxis in a channel. Journal of
Fluid Mechanics, 2015; 771 DOI: 10.1017/jfm.2015.198
Note: For more information go through story source.

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Microbioz India
Call for papers and articles
Each author can win a chance of free of cost publication in
Microbioz

India,

International

Journal

of

Microbiology

&

Achievement Certificate of Microbioz India.

ubmit your manuscripts today in Microbioz India

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Starts

Could smell hold the key to limiting

or ending pesticide use?
Story Source: Cardiff University

Image Credit @Collidecolumn.worldpress.com

Research News

Recent study suggests that group of scientist discovered the natural way of tolerating pesticides and help plant to create natural
repellent to fight with pests. The team found that the smells repelled insects but in one case a reversal of behavior an attractant
- was observed which raises the prospect of being able to develop a trap-and-kill device."We know that many organisms use smell
to interact with members of the same species and to locate hosts of food or to avoid attack from parasites," according to the Head
of the School of Chemistry, Professor Rudolf Allemann who led the research."However, the difficulty is that scientifically smell
molecules are often extremely volatile, chemically unstable and expensive to re-create. This means that, until now, progress has
been extremely slow in recreating smells that are similar to the original."Through the power of novel biochemical techniques we
have been able to make insect repellent smell molecules which are structurally different but functionally similar to the original," he
added. Professor John Pickett, FRS from Rothamsted Research said: "This is a breakthrough in rational design of smells and
provides a novel way of producing a smell with different properties and potentially better ones than the original but at the same
time preserving the original activity."By using alternative substrates for the enzymes involved in the ligand biosynthesis
(biosynthesis of the smell) we can create the appropriate chemical space to reproduce, with a different molecular structure, the
activity of the original smell."The team hope that their research could provide a new way of designing and developing small smell
molecules which would be otherwise be too difficult to produce by usual scientific and commercial methods.

Note: The above story is for information purpose the full story is available on news sources.

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Research News
'Knockout humans' to connect genes
to disease risk
Story source: University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

or years, scientists have been using a method called "knockout

mice," which allows them to study gene functions by inactivating a gene

in mice and then observing how it affects the mice. Now, UTHealth
researchers are using new methods to study naturally occurring
"knockout humans."Rather than genetically engineer human gene
mutations in the lab, UTHealth researchers scanned 8,554 exomes, the
protein-encoding portion of the genome, of African Americans and
European Americans in the United States for naturally occurring
mutations that inactivate a certain gene. A typical human exomes has
dozens of these loss-of-function gene variants."Years ago, we found a
mutation that knocks out a gene that lowers your cholesterol. That
turned into drugs that can help with cholesterol. That was with one
gene. We are now sequencing lots of people and looking at where
people are losing function from every gene in their body," said Eric
Boerwinkle, Ph.D., senior author, professor and chair of the Human
Genetics Center and the Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics
and Environmental Sciences at UTHealth School of Public Health. The
study participants were part of Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities
(ARIC), a study conducted by the National Heart, Lung and Blood
Institute (NHLBI). The group was measured for 20 phenotypes related
to chronic diseases, such as serum magnesium levels, triglyceride
levels, blood pressure and cholesterol. By observing how certain
mutations affect health, researchers were able to identify eight new
relationships between genes and diseases and confirm the already
established relationship between gene variant PCSK9 and lower blood
cholesterol and lower heart disease risk. A heterozygous form of gene
TXNDC5 was found to be related to Type 1 Diabetes progression and
elevated fasting glucose levels. A recessive form of C1QTNF8 was
related to elevated serum magnesium levels and participants who had a
mutation of SEPT10 had significantly reduced lung function.

Researchers at The University

of Texas Health Science Center
at Houston (UTHealth) are
helping

to

medicine

make
a

precision

reality

by

sequencing entire exomes of

people

to

assess

chronic

disease risk and drug efficacy.

The results of a study on this
topic were published in Nature
Genetics.

References:
Researchers at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) are helping to make precision medicine a
reality by sequencing entire exomes of people to assess chronic disease risk and drug efficacy. The results of a study on this topic
were published in Nature Genetics.
Note: Note: The above story is for information purpose the full story is available on news sources.

MICROBIOZ INDIA

www.microbiozindia.com

May 2015 Issue

18

Research News

New antibody therapy shows promise

in suppressing HIV infections, Recent
Study suggests
Researcher of Rockefeller University, recently finds

Story Source: the Rockefeller University, News room

new experimental therapy which can reduce the

Amount of Viral load in blood.

According to scientists:
HIV antibodies previously tested in humans had shown disappointing results.
3BNC117 belongs to a new generation of broadly neutralizing antibodies that
potently fight a wide range of HIV strains. Whats special about these
antibodies is that they have activity against over 80 percent of HIV strains and
they are extremely potent, says Marina Caskey, assistant professor of clinical
investigation in the Nussenzweig lab and co-first author of the study. 3BN117,
which was originally isolated by Johannes Scheid in the Nussenzweig laboratory,
targets the CD4 binding site of the HIV envelope, and the CD4 receptor is the
primary site of attachment of HIV to host cells, 3BNC117 shows activity against
195 out of 237 HIV strains.
However, by isolating and then cloning these antibodies, researchers are able
to harness them as therapeutic agents against HIV infections that have had
less time to prepare. Earlier work in the Nussenzweig lab had demonstrated
that these potent antibodies could prevent or suppress infection in mouse and
non-human primate models of HIV. But these animal models are very rough
approximations of human infections, explains Caskey. The mice must be
genetically engineered to be susceptible to HIV and therefore lack an intact
immune system, and the primates used in HIV studies can only be infected
with a simian version of the virus. The proof of principle awaited human trials.
In the new study, uninfected and HIV-infected individuals were intravenously given a single dose of the antibody and
monitored for 56 days. At the highest dosage level tested in the study, 30 milligrams per kilogram of weight, all eight
infected individuals treated showed up to 300-fold decreases in the amount of virus measured in their blood, with most
reaching their lowest viral load one week after treatment. The drop in viral load depended on the individuals starting
viral load and also the sensitivity of their particular strains of HIV to the antibody. This is the first time that the new
generation of HIV antibodies has been tested in humans.

References:
Nature online: April 8, 2015, Viraemia suppressed in HIV-1-infected humans by broadly neutralizing antibody 3BNC117
Marina Caskey, Florian Klein, Julio C. C. Lorenzi, Michael S. Seaman, Anthony P. West Jr, Noreen Buckley, Gisela Kremer, Lilian
Nogueira, Malte Braunschweig, Johannes F. Scheid, Joshua A. Horwitz, Irina Shimeliovich, Sivan Ben-Avraham, Maggi WitmerPack, Martin Platten, Clara Lehmann, Leah A. Burke, Thomas Hawthorne, Robert J. Gorelick, Bruce D. Walker, Tibor Keler, Roy
M. Gulick, Gerd Ftkenheuer, Sarah J. Schlesinger, and Michel C. Nussenzweig
Note: For full story go through source of story, this story may be edited depending upon length.

MICROBIOZ INDIA

www.microbiozindia.com

May 2015 Issue

19

Business News

CSIR, NEW DELHI,

INDIA

CSIR Labs in India working on new

technology on diesel conversion
Dr.Harsh Vardhan, Ministry of Union Science & Technology, Government of
India, recently visited Dehradun based CSIR lab (IIP),Dr.Vardhan
appreciated one of the success full project of IIP,on making low carbon Jet
fuel via Jatropha plant, He said This has already captured the imagination
of several governments worldwide

"We must make a social

movement

out

of

alternative fuel use. Our

Dr. Vardhan also explained:

"We have gone several steps ahead in
developing alternative sources of jet fuel. Jatropha apart, CSIR-IIP has the
knowledge to make jet fuel out of any non-edible oil -even the waste
cooking oil from our kitchens is soon to become prized material in the
market."

cultural heritage has been

The minister also initiated number projects in India, including, solar power
lamps, Public toilets; exhaust fans etc. "We must make a social movement
out of alternative fuel use. Our cultural heritage has been one of the most
environments friendly. Our villagers have used cow dung cakes as a fuel
source for thousands of years. In recent decades we had been following the
mad path of over-consumption. Now, thanks to our scientists we can revert
to our original mindset of preservation." -Dr.H.vardhan

villagers have used cow

MICROBIOZ INDIA

www.microbiozindia.com

one

of

the

most

environments friendly. Our

dung cakes as a fuel source
for thousands of years.

May 2015 Issue

20

Business News

Indian

Industrialist,

Invests

on

Pharmaceutical Company in Egypt

News Source: The Economic Times

According to statement issued

by the company, the Minister of
Health and Housing Adel ElAdawi

will

attend

the

inauguration

of

the

factory,

along

Vishvas

Sapkal,

with

Charge d'affaires of the Embassy

of India and Hisham Abdel Basit,
Governor of the Monofya.

MICROBIOZ INDIA

One of the Indo based industrialist got approval of

Government of Egypt for producing a drug for the treatment
of Hepatitis c one of the most common disease in country.
Bavaguthu Raghuram Shetty, Indian industrialist said, it will
inaugurate in Sadat City, Monofia governorate, this Sunday
a factory for producing "Sofosbuvir" drug, also known as
"Sovaldi". According to statement issued by the company,
the Minister of Health and Housing Adel El-Adawi will attend
the inauguration of the factory, along with Vishvas Sapkal,
Charge d'affaires of the Embassy of India and Hisham Abdel
Basit, Governor of the Monofya. The company also informed
that it is the only company in the Egyptian market which has
got a license to manufacture the raw material for the
Sofosbuvir drug from the American company Gilead.
Notably, Egypt has the highest rate of hepatitis C in the
world, according to the United Nations Population Fund. As
many as 14.7 per cent of people between age group 15-49
have tested positive for the virus.

www.microbiozindia.com

May 2015 Issue

21

Scholarships
Updates

Download Microbioz
India, Magazines today.

E-mail: microbiozindia@gmail.com

www.microbiozindia.com

MICROBIOZ INDIA

www.microbiozindia.com

May 2015 Issue

22

Scholarships updates
PhD Position at Laboratory of Neurobiology
at KU Leuven in Belgium, 2015
About Scholarship
The Laboratory of Neurobiology is part of the research group Experimental Neurology (department of Neurosciences). The
research group is closely affiliated with the Neurology Department of UZ Leuven and counts 50 researchers. The Laboratory of
Neurobiology is also part of the Vesalius Research Center (VRC), one of the research departments of the Vlaams Instituut voor
Biotechnologie (VIB) located at KU Leuven/Campus Gasthuisberg. The department has 8 research groups and 150 researchers.

Eligibility
Looking for a highly motivated PhD student with interest in neurodegenerative disorders and iPSCs. Motivated candidates with a
strong commitment to basic research are invited to apply.
The candidate:

Should hold a master degree in biomedical sciences, medicine or bioengineering

should be able to work in a team
should fluently speak and write English

How to Apply
The mode of applying is online.

Deadline:
The application deadline is 31 May 2015.

For Details
https://icts.kuleuven.be

Sir James Dunn Animal Welfare Graduate

Scholarship at UPEI in Canada, 2015
About Scholarship
The SJDAWC is very pleased to announce a new animal welfare graduate scholarship. The Sir James Dunn Animal Welfare
Graduate Scholarship will support the training of researchers at the masters or doctoral level to pursue animal welfare research
at the University of Prince Edward Island, Canada.

MICROBIOZ INDIA

www.microbiozindia.com

May 2015 Issue

23

Scholarships updates
Both applied or more fundamental approaches to research pertaining to animal welfare are welcome. Since 1994, generous
support from the Sir James Dunn and Christofor Foundations has provided a stable foundation for the Sir James Dunn Animal
Welfare Centre (SJDAWC) at the Atlantic Veterinary College, UPEI.

Eligibility
This competition is open to any candidate who meets the admission criteria for graduate studies at UPEI. Students who receive
the award for support of a Masters program are eligible to apply again for support for a subsequent PhD program. This award
may be held simultaneously with other awards.

How to Apply
Candidates must apply via email to the Coordinator, SJDAWC (animalwelfare-at-upei.ca) by May 25, 2015. The attachments to
the email application package must contain a letter of intent that specifically addresses each of the selection criteria below, a
current curriculum vitae, and academic records. Academic records include scanned copies of official transcripts from all university
courses completed by the time of application, together with academic awards, prizes and scholarships. Applicants are
encouraged (a) to provide an example of their academic writing, e.g. an academic publication, thesis or essay and (b) to indicate
in their letter of intent their areas of interest and if possible an outline of their proposed animal welfare research.

Deadline:
The application deadline is May 25, 2015.

For Details
http://awc.upei.ca/sir-james-dunn-animal-welfare-graduate-scholarship-0

Raman

Charpak

Fellowship

Program

for

Students of India and France, 2015

About Scholarship
The RamanCharpak Fellowship program is in honour of two Nobel Laureates in Physics, Prof C.V. Raman, Indian Nobel
Laureate, 1930 and Prof Georges Charpak, French Nobel Laureate, 1992. The Fellowship was launched during the State visit of
the President of France, Mr. Francois Hollande, to India on February 14-15th 2013. The aim is to facilitate the exchange of
doctoral students between the two countries, in order to broaden the scope and depth of future engagements in science,
technology and innovation.

Eligibility

Applicants from India must be Indian citizens residing in India and have registered for a PhD in a recognized university or
research institution in India.
Applicants from France must be residing in France and have registered for a PhD in a recognized university or research
institution in France.
Have a Masters degree (in science, technology or medicine) from a recognized University/Institute.

MICROBIOZ INDIA

www.microbiozindia.com

May 2015 Issue

24

Scholarships updates

Age: Maximum 30 years as on 1st April 2015.

Students once supported by CEFIPRA and students who have a permanent position in institutions/universities are not
eligible.
Pre-authorization or prior consent from his/her Institute / University to apply for a foreign fellowship program

How to Apply

Only online submission will be considered. Applications received through post will not be accepted.
Filling up of all the fields in the application form is mandatory.
The proposal must include the following information (in English):
Detailed description of the research project (up to 5 pages) stating the title of Research work with an explanation of how
the planned work will benefit the candidate during his/her stay in proposed Research Institute / University in France /India.

Deadline:
The application deadline is 31st May, 2015.

For Details
http://cefipra.org/raman-charpak/Raman_Charpak_Fellowship_2015_updated_insturctions.pdf

2015 PhD Studentship: New Smart Polymers

for Biomedical Wireless Sensing Applications
About Scholarship
Applications are invited for a fully-funded PhD studentship split between the Schools of Engineering and Digital Arts and the
School of Physical Sciences at the University of Kent. The University of Kent is well known internationally for its work on
passive wireless sensing devices and advanced polymer materials. The aim of the project is to investigate the innovative
design of passive sensors capable of detecting yeast cells and the biofilm that they produce.

Eligibility
Applications are invited for a fully-funded PhD studentship split between the Schools of Engineering and Digital Arts and the
School of Physical Sciences at the University of Kent. The University of Kent is well known internationally for its work on passive
wireless sensing devices and advanced polymer materials. The aim of the project is to investigate the innovative design of
passive sensors capable of detecting yeast cells and the biofilm that they produce.

How to Apply
Student should apply for this PhD studentship online and specify the research topic New Smart Polymers for Biomedical
Wireless Sensing Applications.

MICROBIOZ INDIA

www.microbiozindia.com

May 2015 Issue

25

Scholarships updates
Deadline
The application deadline is 15 May, 2015.

For Details
http://www.eda.kent.ac.uk/

2014-2015 IKY-EEA Scholarships for Postdoctoral

Research

or

PhD

Studies

in

Norway,

Iceland,

Liechtenstein
About Scholarship
Integrated Management of Sea and Inland Waters is a programme managed by IKY with EEA funding, for conducting postdoctoral research in Norway, Iceland or Lichtenstein. Within the context of implementing the Integrated Management of Sea
and Inland Waters Programme to be financed by the Financial Mechanism of the European Economic Area (FM EEA 20092014)
and the Public Investments Programme, IKY announced the launch of a Scholarships Programme for the academic period 2014
2015, for the elaboration of a post-doctoral research or a part of a doctoral thesis, in cognitive fields falling within the field of
sea and inland water resources management, in institutions and/or accredited organizations in Norway, Iceland or Lichtenstein.

Eligibility
To have participation right, applicants should:

Be Greek nationals or non-Greek nationals legally reside in Greece for at least five years.
Hold a graduate degree/ diploma from a Greek University/ Technological Institution (T.E.I.) or from a foreign recognized
Higher Educational Institution.
Have good knowledge of the English language (Level B2). A relevant certificate is required according to the Common
European Framework of Reference for Languages.
Male candidates should have completed required military service or be legally exempted, or have been granted lawfully
deferment, for the time period until the completion of their scholarship. Candidates who have been granted deferment of
military service, should investigate the possibility of obtaining a deferral sufficient for the completion of the programme
and submit a relevant solemn declaration.
Have not undertaken studies or received a previous scholarship, for the same level of studies (that is doctoral thesis or
postdoctoral research).

How to Apply
Applications should be send by post.

MICROBIOZ INDIA

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May 2015 Issue

26

Scholarships updates
Deadline
The application deadline is 5 June 2015.

For Details
http://www.iky.gr/en/scholarships/postdoc-research-eng/eea-grants

Doctoral Research Fellowship Colorectal

Cancer at University of Oslo in Norway,
2015-2016
About Scholarship
The PhD Fellow will work at the Clinical Effectiveness Research group, Department of Health Management and Health
Economics, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, in cooperation with Telemark Hospital Skien and Oslo University
Hospital, Oslo, Norway. The position will be part of a research team dedicated to the trials and affiliated projects within the
frame of the research group.

Eligibility
Applicants must hold a MD degree. It is preferable with clinical or Para clinical experience in gastroenterology or pathology.
Applicants should be interested in clinical epidemiology and handling of large databases. The ideal candidate has a strong CV,
experience in clinical medicine, methodological interest, an outstanding potential and genuine interest in clinical epidemiology
and data analysis tools. Proficiency in a Scandinavian language is an advantage.

How to Apply
The mode of applying is online. The application must include

Application letter
CV (summarizing education, positions and academic work)
Copies of educational certificates and letters of recommendation
Foreign applicants are advised to attach an explanation of their universitys grading system. Please note that all documents
should be in English or a Scandinavian language.
When evaluating the application, emphasis will be given to the applicants academic and personal prerequisites to carry out
the project.

Deadline
The application deadline is May 20, 2015.

MICROBIOZ INDIA

www.microbiozindia.com

May 2015 Issue

27

Scholarships updates
For Details
http://uio.easycruit.com/vacancy/1365207/70330?iso=no

PhD position in Molecular Biology - Computational

biology & data mining Institute of Molecular
Biology Mainz
About Scholarship
In the field of Computational biology & data mining the research group of Prof. Miguel Andrade offers the following PhD
project: Computational discovery of epigenetic DNA editing

Eligibility

Master or Diploma
Motivation to solve complex biological problems
Excellent communication skills

How to Apply
The mode of applying is online.

Deadline
Deadline for registration (exclusively online via web form): 20 June 2015

For Details
https://www.imb-mainz.de/students-postdocs/international-phd-programme/apply-to-ipp/

PhD position in Molecular Biology - Quantitative

proteomics in epigenetics & RNA biology,
Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz
About Scholarship
In the field of Quantitative proteomics in epigenetics & RNA biology the research group of Dr. Falk Butter offers the following
PhD project: Omics Data Integration/Systems Biology

MICROBIOZ INDIA

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May 2015 Issue

29

Scholarships updates
Eligibility

Master or Diploma
Motivation to solve complex biological problems
Excellent communication skills

How to Apply
The mode of applying is online.

Deadline
Deadline for registration (exclusively online via web form): 20 June 2015

For Details
https://www.imb-mainz.de/students-postdocs/international-phd-programme/apply-to-ipp/

PhD position in Molecular Biology - Crosstalk

between DNA damage checkpoints & nutrient
signaling, Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz
About Scholarship
In the field of Crosstalk between DNA damage checkpoints & nutrient signaling the research group of Dr. Brian Luke offers
one PhD project. We have recently performed genome-wide screens in yeast in order to get a better understanding of how
checkpoint adaptation is regulated in response to nutrient starvation. Through this approach we have identified multiple novel
genes that appear to have significant effects on checkpoint adaptation.

Eligibility
Master or Diploma
Motivation to solve complex biological problems
Excellent communication skills

How to Apply
The mode of applying is online.

Deadline

MICROBIOZ INDIA

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May 2015 Issue

30

Scholarships updates
Deadline for registration (exclusively online via web form): 20 June 2015

For Details
https://www.imb-mainz.de/students-postdocs/international-phd-programme/apply-to-ipp/

Discovery of novel pharmaceuticals from

marine and desert microorganisms-Research Project
About Scholarship
Microorganisms from extreme environments such as the deep sea and hyper arid deserts have been shown to produce a
range of complex natural products with high biological activity. In this project you will investigate the chemistry of these
compounds and their potential for treating a range of diseases. Via collaborations we obtain desert and marine samples from
which you will isolate unique bacterial and fungal strains. Cultivating these under different conditions gives rise to varied
metabolic profiles. You will use a range of chromatographic techniques to isolate the compounds from these cultured
microbes.

Eligibility
Master or Diploma
Motivation to solve complex biological problems
Excellent communication skills

How to Apply
The mode of applying is online

Deadline
Applications accepted all year round

For Details
http://www.abdn.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/apply.php

MICROBIOZ INDIA

www.microbiozindia.com

May 2015 Issue

31

An

Interview
Dr.Muslim Dhaher Musa, Ph.D

Interview report
Dear readers as we did in our earlier issue, each month we introduce our readers with
experienced Microbiologist, Scientists/Faculties on monthly basis. In this issue we are
going to introduce our readers with Dr.Muslim Dhaher Musa, Ph.D. Dr.Musa is virologist
and acting as a faculty in a University @ Nasiriya, Iraq. We all wish a great future a head
for Dr.Musa.
Here are few interesting points of interview with him are given.
Microbioz India: Why you opt MICROBIOLOGY as a career?
Dr.Musa: Microbiology was my dream from day of highschool,I was very interest with Bacteria and Parasite, I feel this tiny world is
interesting to study the behavior of these small organism and how this very small organism can make human feel sick although its have no
arms.
Microbioz India: Tell me few interesting moments of your life you would to remember always.
Dr.Musa: Still I remember the theoretical part of M.Sc. in Basrah University. One day I remember in Virology exam I spent six hours in
answering all questions and finally I have got full marks.
Microbioz India: Sir what about your research interests which help in strengthen of academic department.
Dr.Musa: Really I like Virology because it full with challenge and how this strange entity can replicate and intelligent strategy to invade and
avoid host defence, the most important research I have did is the molecular epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus, an interesting results I obtained.
Microbioz India: Sir ask me few points you would like to advice young researcher and students, how they can make future in the field of
Microbiology and for better future of world of research and for our society.
Dr.Musa: My advice to young researchers is to know which part of Microbiology they find themself.After this they have to read carefully
principles and the remaining unresolved issues and try to find out the simplest way to reach the best results, simplicity is the secreat of success.
Microbioz India: Sir tell me few points about Microbioz India Magazines and Journal, and also few points about its future.
Dr.Musa: Microbioz India for me is like young trying to draw his way with firm and fixed steps and I think this magazine with its team will
reach to the best target in near future, because they got Mr.Kumaar the success leader, I feel very happy and proud with magazines god bless
you guys.

2
W

MICROBIOZ INDIA

May
2015

Crossord015
2

MICROBIOZ INDIA

May

015

List of winners of April 2015

Edition
Following candidates are successfully solved Microbioz India Cross Word game of April 2015
Neha Singh

GKV, Haridwar, U.K

Poonam Katiyar

CSJMU, Kanpur

Ravi Gautam

Amity University, India

Ajeem Khan

Agriculture University, Pakistan

Mansoor Ahmd

Kohat, Pakistan

Faisal Ahmed

Gulf Medical university, UAE

Ramakrishnan

New Castle, university

Benda G

Peru

1.
2.

Mallikarjun

MKU, Madurai, India

3.

Taylor Francis

Ireland

Hints Key

4.

Dear readers here we are not mentioning names of few winners

because of Late submission of answers, Winners will be
communicated later via e-mail for Microbioz India, Certificate.

5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

www.proprofs.com

Solve
Today

12.
13.

Spiral-shaped bacteria
An organism that obtains its nutrients from dead
organic matter
An organism that lives in, on, or at the expense of
another organism without contributing to the host's
survival
A microorganism that lives and grows in the presence
of free oxygen
A potent toxin that is secreted or excreted by living
organisms
Bacteria that are permanent and generally beneficial
residents in the human body
An organism in which another, usually parasitic,
organism is nourished and harbored
A carrier of pathogenic organisms, especially one that
can transmit a disease
Freedom from infection or infectious material
The process of removing or killing pathogens
Single-celled microscopic eukaryotes that produce
vitamins and proteins
Reduction of the number of microorganisms
A substance, such as hydrogen peroxide, used
externally to prevent or inhibit the growth and
reproduction of microorganisms

Solve this cross word and forward us scanned

Copy of answers by 15th of May 2015