Performance of Gangrel Hydroelectric Power Plant - A Case Study

IPASJ International Journal of Mechanical Engineering (IIJME)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJME/IIJME.htm

Email: editoriijme@ipasj.org
ISSN 2321-6441
A Publisher for Research Motivation........
Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2015
Performance of Gangrel Hydroelectric Power

Plant A Case Study
Bhoumika Sahu1, Sanjiv Kumar2 , Dhananjay Kumar Sahu3 ,Brijesh patel4,Kalpit P. Kaurase5
1
M.Tech scholar (TurboMachinary) & Mats University, Raipur (corresponding author)

2
M.Tech scholar (TurboMachinary) & Mats University, Raipur
M.Tech scholar (TurboMachinary) & Mats University, Raipur
Asst. Prof. (Aeronautical Engineering) & Mats University, Raipur
Asst. Prof. (Aeronautical Engineering) & Mats University, Raipur
ABSTRACT
This paper covers a brief survey of one of the hydropower plant Gangrel hydro power plant. Information and an approach
intended to help engineering and other plant personnel trouble shoot problems and diagnose the mode of failures are presented
in these paper .The major part of the paper is devoted to discussing the annual performance of hydro power plant. Efficient
power generation is expected to make more power available at a lower cost for economic and other activities, which in turn
shall make the country more competitive. Increasing efforts and aspirations of the developing countries to come at par with the
developed parts of the world in terms of socio-economic growth have resulted in increased energy demands.
Keywords: Hydroelectric Power Plant, Kaplan Turbine, Efficiency, Hydraulic Machinery, Performance .
1. INTRODUCTION
One of the cheapest forms of renewable energy is energy coming from water-the hydropower, conversion of mechanical
energy into electrical energy .Hydropower is a renewable, non polluting and environment friendly source of energy .It is
perhaps the oldest technique of electricity generation. Hydropower generally may be divided into narrower categories
depending of the capacity of power stations into large ,small and micro hydro .Hydropower seems to be ideal remedy
for increasing demanded and prices .Hydropower contributes around 22% of the world electricity supply generated.
HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT
Hydroelectric power, the largest source of renewable electricity, allows the nation to avoid 200 million metric tons of
carbon emissions each year. Although only a small portion of dams produce electricity, new generation equipment can
be added to existing infrastructure to access vast reserves of untapped hydropower capacity . Currently, due to pollution
generated by the conventional energy sources, the increase of renewable energy use is a global trend. Hydroelectric
energy is the most used of the renewable energy types.
HYDRO MACHINES
Hydraulic turbine are the machines which convert the water energy into Mechanical energy .The water energy may be
either in the form of potential energy as we find in dams ,reservoirs ,or in the form of kinetic energy in flowing water.
The shaft of the turbine directly coupled to the electric generator which converts mechanical energy into electrical
energy. This is known as Hydro Electric Power. The hydroelectric power plant provides 30% of the total power of
the world. The total hydro potential of the world is about 5000 GW. [4]
There are two different types of turbine in hydropower plants: reaction turbine (Francis , Kaplan) and Impulse turbines
(pelton). The rotor of Francis and peloton turbines has fixed blades. The rotor of a Kaplan turbine has adjustable
blades; the blades may change the tilt angles. This feature allows achievement of high efficiency in different conditions
of the water flow. While functioning, Failures can occur due to high loads or the Fatigue Phenomenon (Lange,2001).
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FIGURE 1: Components of Kaplan Turbine [2]
2.SMALL HYDRO DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA

In India the 1st major hydroelectric development of 4.5 mw capacity named as Sivasamudram scheme in Mysore was
commissioned in 1902. In 1914 a hydroelectric power plant named Khopoli project of 50 mw capacity was
commissioned in Maharashtra. The hydropower capacity, up to 1947, was nearly 500 MW. [3]
2.1 STATUS OF HYDROPOWER SECTOR IN CHHATTISGARH
The recent difficulties to supply the increasing demand for electrical energy bring about the many advantages of hydro
generators. This has always been one of the cheapest ways to obtain energy. Water resources are renewable and cause
no atmospherically pollution. Hydropower seems to be ideal remedy for increasing energy demand and prices.
Unfortunately, it has significant limitations: accessibility and intermittency. In lowlands with big fluctuations of
precipitation and available water, it becomes almost impossible to exploit this type of energy. From the other side, in
the mountains, where heads are very big and water is accumulated in huge glaciers, hydropower can considerably
contribute to electricity market. However, even in this case certain obstacles may occur.
3.A CASE STUDY OF A POWER PLANT

3.1 Hydroelectric Power Plant
The Gangrel Hydro Electric Power Station (R.S.SAGAR DAM) is situated at Gangrel in left bank of Mahanadi
which is about 13 km away from Dhamtari and 90 km from Raipur. The Gangrel Hydro Electric Power Station is
designed and developed for Incidental Power Generation by irrigation release from Mahanadi Reservoir.
FIGURE 2: Gangrel hydropower plant

3.2 TECHNICAL HIGHLIGHTS
The total capacity of the plant is 10 MW, which consists of 4 units, each of 2.5 MW Capacity. The Turbine is M/s
Alstom make vertical Full Kaplan with automatically adjustable guide vanes & runner blades with parameters
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ISSN 2321-6441
Table 1: Technical specification

Rated output
2650 kw
Rated speed
375 rpm
Rated discharge
16.277 m3/sec for single unit
Rated head
18 meters
Full reservoir level
348.70 meter
Mininmum draw down level
336.21 meter
3.3 MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENTS

M/s VA-Tec make Generator Of following specification
Generator transformer of capacity
3.3 MVA
The power deliver to each unit
33 V
M/s Crompton Greaves make Generator TRANSFORMER of following specification

Rated output
2.942 MVA
Generating voltGE
1.1. KV
Figure 3: Gangrel Hydro Electric Power Plant

3.4 PERFORMANCE OF GANGREL HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT IN YEAR 2013-2014
A plant survey has been performed over the hydro power plant in which the details of the plant has been studied and
found that the maintenance team of the plant are active as no such major breakdown has occur in the record of plant
since it has installed. It has set an example on production of electricity as a profitable with renewable energy source.
TABLE 2 : PERFORMANCE DETAILS OF PLANT
Period of generation
Highest post at plant
Power production
Performance
Technical manpower deployed
APRIL 2013-MARCH 2014

ONE A.E.
30X105 KWH
94%
15*
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ISSN 2321-6441
Figure 4 :Year wise Financial Performance(Approx) [1]
Figure 5 : ANNUAL REPORT FOR 2013-2014(Approx) [1]

3.5PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
In water power stations the forces to be transferred to the foundations from the installed units are:
resulting hydraulic forces from the inlet side of the turbines
reaction and action forces from jets and jet deflectors respectively
reaction forces from energy dissipaters
torque forces from the generator stators
axial forces from runners and generators via thrust bearings
Table 3: Trouble Shooting [1]
SR. NO.
1
TROUBLE
Less output
CAUSES
a) Reduction in efficiency due to worn runner.
b) Head available is less than net head required.
c) Low water flow at the intake.
d) Debris in turbine.
e) Tail race obstruction
f) Leakage
Vibrations
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Components wear off quickly
a) Runner wears out soon due to high silt content in water.

b) Bearings , bushes etc. wear out due to misalignment and improper levelling.
Over heating of bearings
Alignment and levels disturbed.

Foundation bolts loose.
Bearing damaged
Uneven wearing of runner causing unbalance.
Weak foundation.
a) Lack of lubrication
b) Inadequate or no water flow to bearing.
c) Misalignment of shaft and it is brushing with bearing housing.
5
Heating of gland packing
a) Inadequate water flow to carbon ring packing.

b) Packings over tightened.
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4 CONCLUSION
The utilization of Hydro Power Potential is especially required in all states where the utilized potential is very low like
in CG and therefore optimum utilization of the same may set up an stepping up stone for achieving self sufficiency in
power sector in country. The work can be focused on the trouble shooting and increase of efficiency can be achieved
which will be very useful for generation of power.
A plant survey has been done to Gangrel Hydroelectric Power Plant and investigation has been done to enhance
efficiency of vertical full Kaplan turbine of Hydro Power Plant. Based on analysis of available information from
problem identification and research studies, scientific publication that has carried out for other Kaplan turbine, the
methodology of enhancement of turbines efficiency gain is possible .[5]
The following points must be considered with the presented model, aimed at improving the operation of the power
generation system: Defining power plant operation to meet the electricity demand in a given time interval .The
conclusion obtained from the above discussion is that we should increase the use of renewable energy sources and
reduce the use of non-renewable resources. Existing renewable resources are well established and proven. It has been
seen that available renewable energy resources are helping in the production of the other forms of energy that makes
energy system stronger and economical.
References
[1] Operation Manual of Power plant ..,Operation and maintenance by Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board.
[2] Vertical Kaplan Power
Hydro Power Solution., Operation and Maintenance Manual .,Power Alstom
[3] Mehra,T.S .,Alvi,N.I,Rajashekhar,A.,(2007). Performance Of Tawa Hydro Electric Power Plant A Case
International Conference On Small Hydro Power-Hydro Srilanka,22-24,October ,2007.
[4] Chitkara Puneet, a Data Envelopment Analysis Approach to Evaluation of Operational Inefficiencies in Power
Generating Units: A Case Study of Study of Indian Power Plants, IEEE Transactions on Power System, Vol.14,
No.2, May1999
[5] T Sousa, J. A. Jardini, R. A. de Lima, In Proceedings of the IEEE Lausanne PowerTech Conference, Lausanne,
Switzerland, Hydroelectric Power Plant Unit Efficiencies Evaluation and Unit Commitment, 2007, 1368-1373.
[6] J C Galvis, A. Padilha-Feltrin A, and J.Y.M. Loyo, Cost assessment of efficiency losses in hydroelectric plants.
Electric Power Systems Research, 81, 2011, 1866-1873.
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IPASJ International Journal of Mechanical Engineering (IIJME)

Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJME/IIJME.htm

A Publisher for Research Motivation........

Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2015