IPASJ International Journal of Electronics & Communication (IIJEC)

Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJEC/IIJEC.htm

Email: editoriijec@ipasj.org
ISSN 2321-5984

A Publisher for Research Motivation........

Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2015

ANALYSIS OF SSK WITH MIMO

SONALIKA MOHANTY
Bhubaneswar Odisha

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we present space shift keying (SSK) as a new modulation scheme, which is based on spatial modulation(SM)
concepts. space shift keying (SSK) modulation is used to study a wireless communication system .In SSK, the indices of the
transmit antennas form the constellation symbols and no other data symbol are transmitted. The transmitter and the receiver
communicate through a direct link and the existing relays Space shift keying (SSK) is a MIMO technique which activates a
single transmit-antenna during each time instant and uses the activated antenna index to implicitly convey information In SSK,
it is the antenna index used during transmission that relays information, rather than the transmitted symbols themselves.

Keywords: multipleinputmultipleoutput (MIMO) systems, space shift keying (SSK) modulation, spatial
lmodulation (SM),(Ultra wide band)UWB
1.INTRODUCTION
In this case an array of symbols are layered in space, and transmitted simultaneously over all antennas. Spatial
multiplexing requires synchronizing all antennas to transmit at the same time, and introduces interference from all
antennas during reception, making detection schemes for complex so we are going for ssk modulation scheme In SSK
antenna indices are used as the only means to relay information, which makes it somewhat a special case of SM.

2.ADVANTAGES OF SSK OVER SM

1) complexityof Detecter circuit is reduced .
2) Because phase and amplitude of the pulse do not convey information, transceiver requirements are less stringent
than for APM
3) The simplicity of SSKs framework provides ease of integration within communication systems. For example,
one envisioned application is ultra wide band (UWB),where it is pulses that are used rather than APM signals.
4) Non-coherent detectors may be used.

3.SYSTEM MODEL
The general system model consists of a MIMO wireless link with Nt transmit and Nr receive antennas, which is
illustrated in Fig. 1. the transmitter encodes blocks of log2 (Nt) data bits into the index of a single transmit antenna,
which is switched on for data transmission while all the other antennas are kept silent A random sequence of
independent bits b =[ a1 a2 ak ] enters a channel encoder with output Y=[y1 y2yn] where k and n represent the
number of encoder inputs and outputs, respectively. The pseudo randomly interleaved sequence p then enters an SSK
mapper, where groups of m = log2 (Nt) bits are mapped to a constellation vector x =[x1 x2 xNt]. ) the receiver
solves an Nthypothesis detection problem to estimate the transmitantenna that is not idle, which results in the
estimation of the unique sequence of bits emitted by the encoder

FIGURE.1 SYSTEM MODEL OF SSK

Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2015

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IPASJ International Journal of Electronics & Communication (IIJEC)

Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJEC/IIJEC.htm
Email: editoriijec@ipasj.org
ISSN 2321-5984

A Publisher for Research Motivation........

Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2015

3.1 SSK MODULATION

In SSK, one antenna remains active during transmission and hence (ideally), only one RF chain is required. However
due to pulse shaping, the transmitted pulse will extend a few symbol periods, and restrict the RF chain from being
switched to another antenna. In the UWB framework however, the cost of RF chains is fixed regardless of the number
of antennas since pulse shaping is not required. The discussion in this paper may be extended to UWB indoor
communications using the appropriate statistical channel models
The modulated signal is then transmitted over an Nr Nt wireless channel H, and experiences an additive white
Gaussian (AWGN) noise =1 2 Nr The received signal is given by y = Hx + , where is the average signal
to noise ratio (SNR) at each receive antenna, and H and have independent and identically distributed (iid)entries
according to CN (0, 1).At the receiver side, the SSK detector estimates the antenna index that is used during
transmission, and demaps the symbol to its component bits b. SSK modulation consists of groups of m bits that are
mapped to a symbol xi , which is then transmitted from the ith antenna. We note that, although the symbol itself does
not contain information, it might be designed to optimize transmission. For now, we use xj = 1 for all j,
3.1.1 Transmission
SSK modulation consists of groups of m bits that are mapped to a symbol xj , which is then transmitted from the ith
antenna. We note that, although the symbol itself does not contain information, it might be designed to optimize
transmission. For now, we use xi = 1 for all i,. Even though xi does not convey information, but its location in gives
the information.The vector x specifies the activated antenna, during which all other antennas remain idle, and
has the following form as given in the table 1 & table 2
Therefore at the most, we would require the number of RF chains to equal the number of symbol period durations in
the transmitted pulse
TABLE-1
B=[a1 a2]
symbol
Antenna index
X=[x1 x2x4]T

0 ]T

0 ]T

[0

0 ]T

[0

1 ]T

[0 0]

[1 0

[0 1]

[0

[1 0]

[1

1]

4.DETECTION
The actual antenna index is assumed to be known at the receiver, and remains the same regardless of the transmitted
symbol. If, on the other hand, both the antenna index and the transmit symbol convey information, the modulation
scheme is no longer APM, but rather SM the detectors main function is to determine the antenna index used at the
transmitter Since the channel inputs are assumed equally likely, the optimal detector is maximum likelihood (ML)
which is given by
arg max
I

Where i represents the estimated antenna index,where

5.CONCLUSION
In this paper, we introduced the basic concept of SSK and what is the advantages of SSK over other modulation
technique for MIMO wireless links. We laid out SSK fundamentals as the building ground for hybrid modulation
schemes (i.e., combination of SSK and APM) such as in while also providing closed form upper bounds on the bit

Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2015

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IPASJ International Journal of Electronics & Communication (IIJEC)

A Publisher for Research Motivation........

Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2015

Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJEC/IIJEC.htm

Email: editoriijec@ipasj.org
ISSN 2321-5984

error probability SSK, which was shown to achieve higher capacity results than APM.. These advantages make SSK a
promising candidate for low complexity transceivers in next generation communication systems

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[6]. M. Di Renzo and H. Haas, Improving the performance of space shiftkeying (SSK) modulation via opportunistic
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[7]. M. Di Renzo and H. Haas, A general framework for performanceanalysis of space shift keying (SSK) modulation
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