Alexandria University

Faculty of Engineering

Naval Architecture &

Marine Engineering Dept.

2nd Year
Fluid Mechanics II (MR 232)

Sheet (5)
04-2015

Flow in Pipes-II
1. Sketch the HGL and EGL and hence calculate the head loss (hL)f :
DAB = DCD = 0.3m, ZA = ZD, Q = 0.2 m3/s, PA = 14 kPa, PB = -5 kPa, PC = 10 kPa, PD = 0.0,
= 1000 kg/m3.

2. Water at 15C ( = 999.1 kg/m3 and = 1.138 x 10-3 kg/ms) is flowing steadily in a 30-mlong and 4-cm-diameter horizontal pipe made of stainless steel ( = 0.002 mm) at a rate of 8
L/s. Using the Swamee and Jain equation for obtaining the friction factor (f), Determine: (a)
the pressure drop, (b) the head loss, and (c) the pumping power requirement to overcome
this pressure drop. Answers: (a) 239 kPa, (b) 24.4 m, (c) 1.91 kW.
Starting with an initial guess of f = 0.0155, try using the appropriate Colebrook equation for
obtaining the friction factor. The Moody chart may also be used.

3. Consider an air solar collector that is 1 m wide and 5 m long and has a constant spacing of 3
cm between the glass cover and the collector plate. Air flows at an average temperature of
45C ( = 1.109 kg/m3 and = 1.941 x 10-5 kg/m s) at a rate of 0.15 m3/s through the 1-mwide edge of the collector along the 5-m-long passage way. Obtain the friction factor (f).
Disregarding the entrance and roughness effects, determine the pressure drop in the
collector. Answer: 32.3 Pa.

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4. Air enters a 7-m-long section of a rectangular duct of cross section 15 cm x 20 cm made of

commercial steel ( = 0.045 mm) at 1 atm. and 35C ( = 1.145 kg/m3 and = 1.895 x 10-5
kg/ms) at an average velocity of 7 m/s. Disregarding the entrance effects, determine the fan
power needed to overcome the pressure losses in this section of the duct. Answer: 4.9 W.

5. In an air heating system, heated air at 40C and 105 kPa absolute (R = 0.287 kPa. m3/kg. K
and = 1.918 x 10-5 kg/m s) is distributed through a 0.2 m x 0.3 m rectangular duct made
of commercial steel (= 4.5 * 10-5 m) at a rate of 0.5 m3/s. Determine the pressure drop and
head loss through a 40-m long section of the duct. Answers: 124 Pa, 10.8 m.

6. Water (= 1 * 10-6 m2/s) flows at a rate of 0.0566 m3/s in an old, rusty 15.24 cm diameter
pipe that has a relative roughness of 0.010. It is proposed that by inserting a smooth plastic
liner with an inside diameter of 12.7 cm into the old pipe as shown in figure, the pressure
drop per kilometer can be reduced. Is it true that the lined pipe can carry the required flow
rate at a lower pressure drop than in the old pipe? Support your answer with appropriate
calculations.

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7. Heated air at 1 atm. and 35C (= 1.145 kg/m3, =1.895 * 10-5 kg/m. s, = 1.655 * 10-5
m2/s) is to be transported in a 150-m-long circular duct at a rate of 0.35 m3/s as shown in
figure. If the surface roughness of the pipe is = 2.7 * 10-4 mm and the head loss is not to
exceed 20 m, determine the minimum diameter of the duct.
Hints:
Start with an initial guess for the Diameter of D= 0.25m
Account for an accuracy of 4-decimal points for the Diameter (D) and the friction
factor (f).
Use the relevant Swamee and Jane equation (for calculating the diameter) for
checking your answer.

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