SELECTING AND

DEVELOPING
TEACHING/LEARNING

WHY

For ideas and

activities for

instruction or

learning.
Give teachers

rationales for

what they do.

Allwright
emphasizes
that materials
control learning
and teaching.
ONeill
CLASS SIZE
emphasizes
- that
introduce
the topic in a
they help
learninglecture.
and
- teaching.
break the students into
smaller groups where they
can discuss the topic.
- -Roam the classroom during
these small- Then discuss results or
problems lecture-style.

WHA

HOW

Textbook
Computer
Video
mailing list
Audiotapes
Web pages on
Computer
the internet
software
Television (e.g.
Video cameras
Astro Tutor TV)
Visual aids
Radio
picture cards
Newspaper
word cards
Magazines
posters
Advertisement
OHP
s
PowerPoint
Any other
presentation
types of
Instructional
printed
media
materials
that
SKILL LEVELS OF
STUDENTS
is suitable.
- Cooperative learning,
learning
centers, discussion and direct
instruction suitable for
homogenous groups of
students.
-For varied skill levels, teacher
needs to choose different
instructional methods.

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE

SELECTION OF
INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS
FOR LEARNERS

TOPIC

INSTRUCTIONAL METHOD

Teachers need to consider how

each topic would be taught
because different topics need
different approach to be taught
most effectively

Use instructional methods to

keep your students' interest and
keep your teaching dynamic. If
you always use the same
instructional method, students
may feel bored.

SELECTING & DEVELOPING

ESL TEACHING MATERIALS

STUDENTS LEVEL
STUDENTS AGE

First screen all students

with a simple English
test to ascertain their
level then selecting the
appropriate level of
materials.

Match the material to

the interests someone
of the student's age
might expect to have.

CLASS SIZE

LEARNING STYLE

The materials will also

differ depending on
whether you are
teaching one-on-one, a
class of three or four or
a class of 25.

Once teacher knows their

pupils, T can start to pick
up on his strong and weak
points. Once you know
which type of learner a
student is, you can focus
your materials to his style

SPECIFIC PURPOSE
Teacher should know the purpose of
pupils learning ESL so that the
materials should mimic real
situations the person is likely to
encounter.

SELECTING MATERIALS FOR

ESL CLASSROOM

Assess your
students learning
objectives.

Select books and materials

developed for specific
genres, to teach students
who are focused on learning
English for a specific
purpose

Evaluate your overall class

objectives. If the class is
exam-based, such as a
UPSR then test preparation
course books will be a
priority.

Narrow down your

choices based on the
specific skills and
learning levels of
your students.

Take into account teachers needs and

teaching objectives. Assess whether there
is enough variation of activities and
exercises to cover the key aspects of
listening, reading and speaking.