Option B Level Examination Pnwini Option Stras

Mhevarnwi Strnwi

a-\ Ak\ a|e\ eae|ec\ hyvrq\ l-\ [m-nm\ !#[\

`W=x\ jbgwdz\

,fQ'cqtv\ kpy\ zxsr\ hl\

pir#|x| sU]|i-

Explaining about the working of suutras :

1. xXQI S'|ney|eg| 1.1.49 1/1/49

The sixth iv#i is used in the sense of 'in place of'.

3. S'|neNtrtm: 1.1.50 1/1/50
In the place there is the nearest.
3. tiSmiNnit inidRXqe pUvRSy 1.1.66 1/1/66

When a term is indicated in the seventh iv#i, a grammatical operation applies to that which
precedes it, i.e. before a .
EXAMPLES of 1,2,&3:
ko y-ic k\ $s\ (1. in place of the k\), y-\ su (there is.. [2. the nearest]),
ac\ i$ (3. before an ac\)
4. tSm|idTyuTtrSy 1.1.67 1/1/67

When a term is indicated in the fifth iv#i, a grammatical operation applies to that which
follows. EXAMPLE: !y\ + $is (5th case) = !y:/!yo = Following a !y\.... (see suutra 33)

5. tprStTk|lSy 1.1.70 1/1/70

A Svr with a following t\ stands for that time measure only.

EXAMPLE: at\ $\ gu-: In this suutra, at\ means short a only. See no. 10 below.

6. al|eNTySy 1.1.52 1/1/52

Let the substitute take the place of only the final letter of that which is denoted by a term in the
sixth case.
7. a|de: prSy 1.1.54 1/1/54
A substitute coming in place of what follows comes in place of only the first letter of that
denoted by a term in the 6th case. EXAMPLE: See no 34: zZ|eiq

8. pUvR]|ism\ 8.2.1 8/2/1

In the preceding part of the aXq|+y|yI that which follows is treated as if it has not taken effect,
i.e. whatever happens hereafter does not affect the previous rules.
EXAMPLE: te a|sIt\ becomes ty|sIt\ then t a|sIt\ This is an 8th book rule
and therefore there is no further joining after this i.e. we dont then refer backwards to earlier
rules.
This is an adhikaara, or governing, suutra.

9. a|NtO qiktO 1.1.46 1/1/46

An t\ q\ or k\ indicates an a|gm at the beginning of the .r or at the end of the pUvR

respectively. EXAMPLE: #U q\ Syit the q\ indicates that is added to the Syit before
anything else happens; #I xuk\ i-c\ - the k\ indicates that xu is added to the #I.

s"D| sU]|i-

Naming, or defining terms used in suutras:

10. ade\ gu-: 1.1.2 1/1/2

Sv a and ao are called gu-. Thus whenever the word gu- appears in a p|i-in sU] it
means one or all of these three sounds.
11. vir|dEc\ 1.1.1 1/1/1

a| e and aO are called vi.

12. tuLy|Syp/yTn" sv-Rm\ 1.1.9 1/1/9

Sounds having the same place of utterance and method of articulation are called sv-R ('of the same
family').

EXAMPLE: a and a|.

t\ sU]|i-

Suutras defining indicatory letters:

13. pdezejnun|isk t\ 1.3.2 1/3/2

In an pdez a nasalised vowel is t\. EXAMPLE: su the is an t\ letter and will disappear.

14. hlNTym\ 1.3.3 1/3/3

In an pdez a final hl\ is t\. EXAMPLE: The final letters of each of the Maaheszvaraan wi Suutras
are t\ letters.
15. n iv~||E tuSm|: 1.3.4 1/3/4

(But) Not a (final) tu s\ or m\ in a iv#i p/Tyy. EXAMPLE: the s\ of the plural 1 st case
ending js\ is not an t\ letter. (This suutra limits the scope of no.14)
16. a|idi[Rquwv: 1.3.5 1/3/5

In an pdez an initial i[ qu wu is t\.

17. x: p/TyySy 1.3.6 1/3/6

In an pdez an initial x\ of a p/Tyy is t\.

18. cuqU 1.3.7 1/3/7

In an pdez an initial cu or qu of a p/Tyy is t\. EXAMPLE: the initial j\ of the vibhakti

pratyaya js\ is an t\ letter.
19. lzKvtite 1.3.8 1/3/8

In an pdez an initial l\ z\ or ku of a p/Tyy is t\ but not in a tit p/Tyy.

EXAMPLE: the l\ of Lyp\ is t\ so having come is a| + gm\ + Lyp\ = a|gMy because the l\
and the p\ (see no. 14) are both t\ letters.

20. tSy l|ep: 1.3.9 1/3/9

In the place of the t\ (indicatory letter) there is a lop (elision). EXAMPLE: Each of the suutras
of the Maaheszvaraanwi Suutraanwi has an it letter at the end, so a-\ stands for a only.

ac\ siN= sU]|iVowel combinations:

21. k|e y-ic 6.1.77 6/1/77

In place of an k\ before an ac\ there is a y-\.

EXAMPLE:

hrI + a@| = hyR@| (here is replaced by y\)

22. a|d\gu-: 6.1.87 6/1/87

When any form of a is before an ac\ there is gu- in place of both.

EXAMPLE:

td| + pir = tdopir (here a| + = ao)

23. r-\ rpr: 1.1.51 1/1/51

When an a-\ takes the place of a A there is a following r\

EXAMPLE:

td| + Aix: = tdixR: (here a| + A = ar\ by 22 and 23)

24. vireic 6.1.88 6/1/88

When any form of a is before a following c\ a vi takes the place of both.

EXAMPLE: td| + ih = tdEih (here a| + = e)
25. ak: sv-eR dI`R: 6.1.101 6.1.101

When an ak\ is followed by a sound sv-R with itself, dI`R takes the place of both.
EXAMPLE: td| + a@| = td|@| (here a| + a = a|)

26. : pd|Nt|dit 6.1.109 6.1.109

When an $\ at the end of a pd is followed by a Sv a, the former is the single substitute for
both.
EXAMPLE: r|me a#vt\ = r|me#vt\
27. l|ep: z|kLySy 8.3.19 8.3.19

According to the view of z|kLy a lop takes the place of a final v\ or y\ in a word when this
is preceded by any form of a and is before an az\.
EXAMPLE: te a|sIt\ becomes ty|sIt\ then t*a|sIt\

*this space remains in place of the

invisible y\.

hl\ siN= sU]|i-

Consonant combinations

28. !l|" jz|eNte 8.2.39 8.2.39

In place of !l\ at the end of a pd there is a jz\. EXAMPLE:a#vt\ becomes a#vd\
29. St|e: Zcun| Zcu: 8.4.40 8.4.40

In place of a s\ or tu sound when preceded or followed by a z\ or cu sound, there is a z\ or a

cu sound. EXAMPLE: r|ms\ + c = r|mZc ;

a#vt\ + c = a#vCc

30. un| u: 8.4.41 8.4.41

In place of a s\ or tu sound when preceded or followed by a x\ or qu sound, there is a x\ or qu

sound. EXAMPLE: r|ms\ + wmru: = r|mXwmru: ;

a#vt\ + wmru: = a#vw\wmru:

31. yr|enun|isken un|isk|e v| 8.4.45 8.4.45

When yr\ is at the end of a pd and before an anun|isk (nasal) it may optionally be replaced by
an anun|isk. EXAMPLE: v|k\ nyit = v|Gnyit (28) OR v|$\nyit
32. ,ir c 8.4.55 8.4.55
And in place of !l\ sounds before a ,r\ there is a cr\. EXAMPLE: a#vt\ becomes a#vd\
(28) then becomes a#vt\ before td| etc.
33. !y|e h|eNytrSy|m\ 8.4.62 8.4.62

Following a !y\, that which is sv-R with the pUvR (i.e. the !y\) may optionally replace a h\.
EXAMPLE: v|k\ hsit = v|g\hsit OR v|g\`sit with 28 also
34. zZ|eiq 8.4.63 8.4.63

Following a !y\, a \ may optionally replace a z\ before an aq\. EXAMPLE: tt\ %uTv| = tC/uTv|
35. m|enuSv|r: 8.3.23 8.3.23
An anuSv|r replaces a m\ at the end of a pd before a hl\. EXAMPLE: tm\ %uTv| = t" %uTv|
36. anuSv|rSy yiy prsv-R: 8.4.58 8.4.58

In place of an anuSv|r before a yy\ there is a sound sv-R with the latter.

EXAMPLE: t" y|it = t{y|it [Often only observed in spoken Sanskrit.]

37. m|e Sv|dic mui_nTym\

8.3.32 8.3.32

Following a final m\ itself following a Sv Svr an initial muq\ a|gm is always added before
an ac\ EXAMPLE: t^Smn\ it = t^SmiNnit

38. e c 6173 6.1.73

And in s"iht| (uninterrupted speech) the tuk\ a|gm t\ is added to a preceding short vowel when
follows. EXAMPLE: a] |y| = a]t\ |y| = a]c\ |y|/a]C|y| (includes no. 29)

ivsgR siN= sU]|i- Combinations involving final visargas

39. ssjux|e : 8.2.66 8.2.66

For a final s\ of a pd and the x of sjux\ there is a . Note: -sjux\ means a 'companion' or, as
an aVyy, 'together with'. EXAMPLE: r|ms\ becomes r|m

40. ,rvs|ny|eeivRsjRn Iy: 8.3.15 8.3.15

In the presence of a ,r\ or an avs|n there is ivsgR in place of a final r\ of a pd.

EXAMPLE: r|m is really r|mr\ which becomes r|m:. It remains like this when meeting a ,r\ (k\
,\ p\ f\).
41. ivsjRnIySy s: 8.3.34 8.3.34

Before a ,r\ (c\ \ t\ @|\) there is a s\ in place of a ivsgR. EXAMPLE: r|m: te = r|mSte
42. v| zir 8.3.36 8.3.36

Before a zr\ there may optionally be another ivsgR in place of a ivsgR. EXAMPLE: r|m:
z|iNt: = r|m: z|iNt:
43. kuPv|e: 3k 3p|E c 8.3.37 8.3.37

In the place of a final ivsgR before a k\ or ,\ of ku and p\ or f\ of pu there is optionally

either another ivsgR or a ij|mUlIy or p+m|nIy respectively (3k or 3p).
EXAMPLE: r|m: ,|dit = r|m: ,|dit

44. at|e r|erPlut|dPlute 6.1.113 6.1.113

In place of following and before aPlut Sv a there is Sv .

EXAMPLE: r|m: a#vt\ = r|m a#vt\ = r|m a#vt\ = r|mo (22) a#vt\ = r|mo
#vt\) (26)

45. hiz c 6.1.114 6.1.114

In place of u following aPlut Sv a and before hz\ there is Sv .

EXAMPLE:

r|m: hsit = r|m hsit = r|m hsit = r|mo hsit

46. ~||e~|g|e a`|e apUvRSy y|eiz 8.3.17 8.3.17

There is a y\ in place of a which is preceded by any form of a or by the words #o, #go or
a`o and followed by an az\. EXAMPLE: r|m|: hsit = r|m| hsit = r|m| y\ hsit =
r|m| hsit (27) Also: r|m: it = r|m it

47. t.d|e: su l|ep|e k|ern[\sm|se hil 6.1.132 6.1.132

Before a hl\ there is a lop in place of a su following td\ or td\ provided they are without
the p/Tyy k and are not in compound with n[\ (privative a). EXAMPLE: s: hSt: = s hSt:

48. nZVyp/z|n\ 8.3.7 8.3.7

There is in place of a final hlNt n\ (except in the word p/z|n\) which is before a v\ (c\ \
t\ usually) which itself is before an am\ (a > [m-n). EXAMPLE: #v|n\ c = #v| c =
#v|" c (50) = #v|": c (40) = #v|" z\ c (#v|"Zc) (41 & 29) Also: t|n\ te = t|"Ste

49. a]|nun|isk: pUvRSy tu v| 8.3.2 8.3.2

The vowel preceding a is optionally replaced by a nasalised vowel. This is an adhikaara suutra
(applies to suutras 8.3.3 to 8.3.12).

EXAMPLE: a can become a

50. anun|isk|Tpr|e nuSv|r: 8.3.4 8.3.4

If the nasal vowel is not substituted before a then an anuSv|r should be added (see no. 10).
EXAMPLE: a can become a" . See example for 48