Drawing the motherboard layout of Pentium IV and studying

the chipsetthrough data books or Internet.

Installation of Scanner, Printers and Modems

Install a scanner
Applies to Windows 7
There are two ways to install a scanner in this version of Windows. The method you choose
depends on whether you want to connect the scanner directly to your computer (called
a local scanner), or use a scanner that's shared on a network.

Installing a local scanner

Most scanners sold today connect to your computer with a universal serial bus (USB) cable.
But don't plug it in yet! Some scanners require you to install driver software before
connecting the USB cable, so always follow the setup instructions that came with your
device.
If your USB scanner didn't come with specific setup instructions, plug it in to your computer
and Windows should automatically install it. If it's an older model, you might have to install it
manually. For instructions, see Working with the Scanner and Camera Installation wizard.

Installing a network scanner

Network scanners are typically found in the workplace. Before you begin, it's helpful to know
the scanner model and manufacturer name.
1.

Open Network by clicking the Start button , and then clicking Control Panel. In the
search box, type network, and then, under Network and Sharing Center, click View
network computers and devices.
2. Locate the scanner, right-click it, and then click Install.
3. Follow the instructions to finish adding the scanner.

Install a printer
. here are several ways to connect a printer to your computer. Which option you choose
depends on the device itself, and whether you're at home or at the office.
Always consult the information that came with your model for specific instruction

Applies to Windows 7

Local printers

The most common way to install a printer is to connect it directly to your computer. This is
known as a local printer.
If your printer is a universal serial bus (USB) model, Windows should automatically detect it
and begin installation when you plug it in.
If you're installing a wireless printer that connects to your computer over a wireless network
(Wi-Fi), you can use the Add a device wizard to install the printer. For instructions,
see Connect to Bluetooth and other wireless or network devices.
If it's an older model that connects using the serial or parallel port, you might have to install
it manually.
To install (add) a local printer
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Open Devices and Printers by clicking the Start button , and then, on the Start
menu, clicking Devices and Printers.
Click Add a printer.
In the Add Printer wizard, click Add a local printer.
On the Choose a printer port page, make sure that the Use an existing port button
and the recommended printer port are selected, and then click Next.
On the Install the printer driver page, select the printer manufacturer and model, and
then click Next.

If your printer isn't listed, click Windows Update, and then wait while Windows
checks for additional drivers.

If none are available and you have the installation CD, click Have Disk, and
then browse to the folder where the printer driver is located. (For additional help,
consult the printer manual.)

6.

Complete the additional steps in the wizard, and then click Finish.

Network printers
In the workplace, many printers are network printers. These connect directly to a network as
stand-alone devices. Inexpensive network printers are also made for the home. To learn
more, see Install a printer on a home network.
To install a network, wireless, or Bluetooth printer
If you're trying to add a network printer at the office, you'll usually need the name of the
printer. If you can't find it, contact your network administrator.
1.

Open Devices and Printers by clicking the Start button

menu, clicking Devices and Printers.

, and then, on the Start

2.
3.
4.

Click Add a printer.

In the Add Printer wizard, click Add a network, wireless or Bluetooth printer.
In the list of available printers, select the one you want to use, and then click Next. (If
your computer is connected to a network, only printers listed in Active Directory for
your domain are displayed in the list.)
5. If prompted, install the printer driver on your computer by clicking Install driver.
If
you're prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type the password or
provide confirmation.
6. Complete the additional steps in the wizard, and then click Finish.

Install a modem
You must be logged on as an administrator or a member of the Administrators group in order
to complete this procedure. If your computer is connected to a network, network policy
settings may also prevent you from completing this procedure.
1 Open Phone and Modem Options in Control Panel.
. If you are prompted for location information, specify the dialing information for your
location, and then click OK.
2 On the Modems tab, click Add.
.
3 Follow the instructions in the Install New Modem Wizard.
.
Note
To open Phone and Modem Options, click Start, click Control Panel, and then click Network
and Internet Connections. Under See Also, click Phone and Modem Options.
If the Install New Modem Wizard does not detect your modem, or you cannot find it listed,
click Related Topics for instructions about installing an unsupported modem.
If you are installing an external modem, and a cable is not provided, refer to the
manufacturer's instructions for cable requirements. Most common cables will work, but
some cables do not have all of the pins connected. Do not use the 9-to-25 pin converters
that come with most mouse hardware, because some of them do not carry modem signals.

Study of SMPS (ATX)

S.M.P.S.

It means Switch Mode Power Supply. There are two types of SMPS are there. 1. AT
( Advanced Technology ). 2. ATX (Advanced Technology Extended). It is used to Convert the
220v AC or 110V AC Power into 12v,5v and Other DC voltages which are required the
Peripherals inside the CPU Like Motherboard, Harddisk Drive, Floppy Disk Drive, CD
orDVDDrivesetc.,
To perform this operation, it receives the AC power, converts into DC with the help of a
Bridge Rectifier, and stabilizes the DC Voltage separately. Then, with the help of a Switching
Transformer it converts the voltage into 12v,5v and other Voltages. Again they will be
Stabilized

in

the

Secondary

Part

and

then

Connected

to

the

Peripherals

with

thehelpftheCableswithConnectors.
The main difference between AT and ATx Power Supply is, AT works with a Mechanical
Switch. The switching is not programmable in the AT Model. But in the ATX it works with the
Logical Switching Circuit, which can be switched by the various sources like, Power Switch,
Alarm, Keyboard, Mouse, Password, Wakeonlan etc.,

Assembling and disassembling of Personal Computer

To Disassemble
1. Prepare all your tools.
a. Long Philip Screw Driver
b. Rubber Eraser
c. Soft Wide Bristle Brush
d. Paper and Pen for documentation

2. Before opening the system case, be sure to turn off the system unit. Turn off and unplug the AVR from
the wall socket as well. After that, unplug all the cables connecting to the back of the system unit. After
clearing all the connected cables, put the system unit on an empty working table.
3. Touch the unpainted part of your system unit with your bare hands to remove the ESD of your body.
This is an important part before opening your system case. You might destroy your RAM, Chipsets and
other components of your motherboard.
4. Remove the screws of the side cover opposite to the side where the ports are. By most system cases, if
you are facing the back of the system unit the right side cover is to be removed. Return the screws back to
the screw holes to avoid losing them.
5. Once the side cover is removed, turn your system side down where the opened side of the system unit
should be facing upward where you can comfortably look down on the inside of your system case.
6. We are now ready to remove the components inside of the computer. The first thing we need to do is
remove the power supply. To be able to remove the power supply, remove first the molex connectors (the
white plastic connector at the tip of the wires of the power supply) or the motherboard power connector,
drive power connectors, the floppy drive power connector, the sata power connectors and the four pin 12volt motherboard connector. With all power connectosr are removed from the motherboard and drives, the
power supply is now ok to be removed as well. Always have the removed components placed in a remote
and safe place away from where you are performing computer disassembly.

7. With the power supply removed, the data cable should be removed next. This includes IDE, SATA, and
floppy drive cables. Secure the removed data cables.
8. Next to remove are the RAM, Video Card and other card peripheral components. Again have them
secured in a safe place and put the screws back. Clean the connector edges of the card peripherals by
rubbing the gold colored edge moderately with a rubber eraser then brushing off the shredding. Do not
attempt to clean the edge by blowing or brushing it off with your fingers. Our body is acidic and you
might only cause the edges to tarnish faster.
9. Remove all drives. This will include your hard drive, cd/dvd drives, and the floppy drive.
10. Since all peripherals where removed, the next thing to do is to remove the front panel connectors. This
will include the USB, Front Panel (FP) and Audio header. If you are not sure of which connector is being
match to, write down or document the connections and orientation of the connectors before removing
them from the headers. Remember that not all motherboards have the same header configuration so be
careful and watchful while documenting.
11. After removing the header connectors, we are now ready to remove the motherboard. To remove the
motherboard, locate first all the screws and lightly unscrew all screws alternately. With this technique, we
are reducing the risk of warping or bending our motherboard. It may not have a large impact on the
bending of the motherboard but still it does have even a little. Upon lightly loosening all screws, remove
all screws then. Remove the motherboard by carefully and lightly pulling it away from the I/O shield.
Why? because we need to free the ports that are fitted from the holes in the I/O shield. After freeing the
motherboard ports from the I/O shield holes, lift up the motherboard and put it on the safe place.
12. Clean the system unit chassis with your brush, also clean your motherboard and the rest of the
peripherals being removed.

To Assemble
1. Provided that all peripherals are clean and ready. We are now going to assemble your computer. In
assembling back your computer, what we have done during disassembling is just doing the reverse order
to assemble it. Since the motherboard was last to be removed, it should then be the first to put back.
Remove the retaining screws from the standoff screws of the motherboard and let the motherboard seat on
it with the ports facing out towards the I/O shield. Lightly push the motherboard to set its ports to the
holes of the I/O shield. Put the retaining screws on the motherboard screw holes but do not tighten it yet.
Now be careful in doing this one and if this is your first time doing it, it is best if you lend a hand for
assistance. Lightly push the motherboard towards to I/O shield and lightly tighten the motherboard
retaining screws alternately until all screws are tight enough but not too tight. This is to ensure that your
ports are protruding correctly out of the I/O shield.
2. Once the motherboard is secured, put back the FP, Audio, and USB header connectors as you will be
using your documentation for reference.

3. Put back the drives to the correct drive bays.

4. Connect back the RAM, Video Card and other card peripherals to its proper slot inserting it properly
and some cards will require screws to be secured.
5. The data cables (IDE, SATA, floppy cable) should be connected to its proper headers and drives.
Remember the proper configuration of the placement of the cables specially if you are dealing with the
IDE cables.
6. After the data cables are properly connected, put back the power supply and secure it with the screws
you removed earlier. After securing the PSU to the chassis, connect the power connectors to the drives
and the motherboard.
7. Once all peripherals are connected properly, have a final inspection by visually checking for loose
connection or improper connection. Once the system unit connections are thoroughly checked and
verified, connect the keyboard; the monitor, and the power connector then power up the computer. This
initial powering up of the computer while the side cover is open ensures us that everything is ok before
putting back the side cover. In case something goes wrong, we can accessibly correct the problem right
away. If everything is fine shutdown the computer, unplugged the AVR and remove the cables connected
to the back of your computer. Put the side cover back.
8. Put the assembled computer back to its place and connect the rest of the cables and connectors. Power
it up and see if there are unusual effects of your disassembling/assembling procedure done earlier.
Remember SAFETY. Do not neglect it. Neglect can cause catastrophic effects. I will be posting some
videos soon if I can buy a video cam early before December. :-) Enjoy disassembling and assembling
your computer safely and successfully.

Study of HDD: Identify various components of HDD

and write their functions.
What is hard disk drive?
A hard disk drive (often shortened as hard disk, hard drive, or HDD) is a non-volatile storage device
that stores digitally encoded data on rapidly rotating rigid (i.e. hard) platters with magnetic surfaces.
Strictly speaking, drive refers to the motorized mechanical aspect that is distinct from its medium,
such as a tape drive and its tape, or a floppy disk drive and its floppy disk. Early HDDs had removable
media; however, an HDD today is typically a sealed unit (except for a filtered vent hole to equalize air
pressure)

with

fixed

media.

How hard drive works?

A hard disk is a sealed unit containing a number of platters in a stack. Hard disks may be mounted in a
horizontal or a vertical position. In this description, the hard drive is mounted horizontally.
Electromagnetic read/write heads are positioned above and below each platter. As the platters spin, the
drive heads move in toward the center surface and out toward the edge. In this way, the drive heads
can reach the entire surface of each platter.
Hard drive physical component
PLATTERS:
Platter is a circular, metal disk that is mounted inside a hard disk drive. Several platters are mounted
on a fixed spindle motor to create more data storage surfaces in a smaller area. The platter has a core
made up of aluminium or glass substrate, covered with a thin layer of Ferric oxide or cobalt alloy. On
both sides of the substrate material, a thin coating is deposited by a special manufacturing technique.
This, thin coating where actual data is stored is the media layer.

Study and installation of any one display cards: VGA

or SVGA display cards.

Visual Graphics Array card

Alternatively referred to as a display adapter, graphics card, video adapter, video board, or a video
controller, a video card is an internal circuit board that allows a display device such as a monitor to
display images from the computer.

In the picture above, is an example of a video card with three connections or video ports on the back, the
standard VGA connector, S-Video connector, and the DVI connector. In this example, the card connects
into the AGP slot on the computer motherboard.

Video card expansion slots

Over the development of computers, there have been several types of expansion slotsused for video cards. Today, the
most common expansion slot for video cards is PCIe, which is replacing AGP, which replaced PCI, which
replaced ISA

Create a restore point in Windows or use a similar backup tool.To create a restore point in Windows
click on "Start" then "Control Panel" then "System and Maintenance" then "Backup and Restore Center."
In the left column of the window, click "Create a Restore Point or Change Settings." Click "Continue" to
authorize Windows to open the system properties window. Make certain that your C drive (or the drive
with your operating system) is selected. In the bottom right corner of the window, click "Create..." Enter a
name that you will easily recognize for the restore point. Windows automatically adds the date and time
to the name. Click "Create." Depending on the size of your hard drive, this may take a few minutes.
The backup doesn't affect the installation of the VGA card, but it provides insurance that your files will be
safe if something goes wrong.
Adjust your BIOs settings to disable the current graphics card. To get to the BIOs screen, you must press
a specific button during the manufacturer's splash screen in the start up process. The splash screen will
tell you which button you need to push (usually F1, F2, F10 or DEL).
In your BIOs, change the Primary Video, Video Adapter or Video Configuration setting to "auto" or
"PCI." Save and exit.
Open the "Device Manager" in Windows. Open the "Display Manger." Select the device by double
clicking. Disable the device by moving the drop down box to "Disable this device." Click "Okay" until
you return to the desktop. Shut down the machine.
Unplug all of the machine's cords and cables. Each case is a little different, but usually there is a pair of
screws or tabs holding the side panel in place. Remove the screws, and remove the side panel. Lay the
machine on its side with the exposed side up.
With the anti-static wristband clipped to an unpainted, metal piece of the case, remove the metal slot
cover in the back of the machine. Unscrew and pull it out. You may need to tap the back of it to loosen it.
Locate the appropriate PCI, PCI Express or AGI slot on your motherboard. With cable connections on the
card in the metal hole, carefully slide the card in place. With your thumbs on either end of the card, press
down gently but firmly to secure the card. Fasten the card in place with the screw from the metal slot
cover.
Reassemble the machine and connect the monitor to the new card. Reconnect the power, keyboard and
mouse.
Power on your machine and insert the support disk with the device drivers on it. Or download and install
the most updated drivers from the manufacturer's website.