5
September-October 2011
Keywords: Transient Recovery Voltage, Short-Line Fault, SF6 Circuit Breaker, Electric Arc
Model, EMTP Simulations
Nomenclature
v
i
g
P(g)
T(g)
g0
,
t
II.
Arc voltage
Arc current
Arc conductance
Arc cooling power
Arc thermal constant
Initial arc conductance
Arc constants
Simulation time step
I.
Introduction
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Short-Line Fault
't
i2
Tg
(4)
g t
g t 1 e
P g t E
0
Fig. 1. TRV waveform for SLF (UBD source side voltage, UCD line
side voltage)
Fig. 2. Test circuit and arc model parameters: P0=4 MW and =0.68;
T0=1.5 s and =0.17 [9]
g dt
1 u i
1
T g P g
(1)
T g T0 g
Pg
P0 g E
1.5s g
0.17
4MW g 0.68
(2)
-0.25
-0.30
(3)
-0.35
8.1479
8.1487
8.1495
8.1504
8.1512
[ms] 8.1520
2653
t (s)
3500
[V]
3000
2500
2000
1500
V.
1000
500
0
8.138
8.140
8.142
8.144
8.146
[ms] 8.148
IV.
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RRRV [kV/s]
6
5
VI.
6.01
5.85
5.33
5.10
4,74
4.05
4.04
8000
10000
3
2.66
2
0
2000
4000
6000
45
40 39.58
35
30
37,95 36,00
34,10
33,5532,34
29.17
200
27.7526.44
25
*10 3
22.10
100
18.87
20
16.41
15
10
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
-100
-400
27,2
(f il
li
27,3
bli kiKS7 l4
27,4
t)
X0005A
27,5
X0004A
27,6
27,7
*10 -3
27,8
t (ms)
Fig. 12. TRV on the line side RRRV=6.0702 kV/s (green) and on the
source side (red)
2655
500
100
*10 3
*10 3
280
-100
-200
U (kV)
60
-160
-300
-400
-500
-380
-600
-600
10
20
30
40
50
60
*10 -3
-700
29,2
70
29,6
30,0
30,4
t (ms)
31,2
*10 -3
31,6
Fig. 16. TRV on the line side (green) RRRV=1.6943 kV/s and on the
source side (red)
2.0
1.9
500
1.8
*10 3
1,7618
300
1.7
1,6284
1.6
1.5
1.4
1,5857
100
1,5936
1,4997
U (kV)
RRRV [kV/s]
30,8
t (ms)
1,3620
1.3
-100
-300
1.2
1,2300
-500
1.1
1.0
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
-700
8000
(f il
0
li
10
bli kiKS7 l4
20
t)
X0005A X0004A
30
40
50
60
*10 -3
70
t (ms)
VII.
9.5
8,92
9.0
8,76
8.5
8,55
8,43
8.0
8,15
7,99
7.5
6,97
7.0
6.5
6.0
5.5
5.0
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
Fig. 18. Three-phase model of an actual system for TRV calculation in conditions of SLF
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6.0
5.9
RRRV [kV/s]
5,8494
5,8085
5.8
5.7
5.6
5,5743
5,5747
5.5
10
15
20
25
30
35
6,2610
RRRV [kV/s]
6.0
5,9456
5.5
4,9456
5.0
4.5
4,1456
4.0
3.5
3.0
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
Capacity [pF]
IX.
Conclusion
References
[1] Ruben D. Garzon, High Voltage Circuit Breakers, Design and
Applications, Dekker, ISBN: 0-8247-9821-X.
[2] Charles L. Wagner, Denis Dufournet, Georges F. Montillet,
Revision of the Application Guide for Transient Recovery
Voltage for AC High-Voltage Circuit Breakers of IEEE C37.011,
A Working Group Paper of the High Voltage Circuit Breaker
Subcommittee, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol.. 22,
No. 1, January 2007.
[3] A. H. Soloot, A. Gholami, K. Niayesh, Study on Post Arc
Current and Transient Recovery Voltage in Vacuum Circuit
Breaker, International Review on Modelling and Simulations
(IREMOS), vol. 4 n. 2, April 2011, pp. 699-709.
[4] J. Moshtagh, S. Ghaderpour, A New Modeling Approach for the
Arcing Fault in Power Distribution Networks Using Lab Results,
International Review on Modelling and Simulations (IREMOS),
vol. 4 n. 2, April 2011, pp. 759-765.
[5] H. S. Park, J. W. Woo, J. W. Kang, K. S. Han, S. O. Han,
Analyzing TRV of CB When Installing Current Limit Reactors
in UHV Power Systems, International conference on power
system transients (IPST), Lyon, 2007.
[6] IEC 62271-100: High-voltage switchgear and controlgear,
High-voltage alternating-current circuit-breakers, 2003.
[7] R. W. Alexander, D. Dufournet, Transient recovery voltages
(TRVs) for high-voltage circuit breakers, IEEE Tutorial, October
16th 2008, Calgary, Canada.
[8] CIGRE, Working Group 13.01 of the Study Committee 13, State
of the Art of Circuit-Breaker Modelling, December 1998.
[9] P. H. Schavemaker, L.Van Der Sluis, The Arc model Blockset,
Proceedings of the Second IASTED International Conference,
Power and Energy Systems (EuroPES), June 25-28, 2002, Crete,
Greece.
[10] Ali F. Imece, D. W. Durbak, H. Elahi, S. Kolluri, A. Lux, D.
Mader, T. E. McDemott, A. Morched, A. M. Mousa, R. Natarajan,
L. Rugeles, and E. Tarasiewicz, Modeling guidelines for fast
front transients, Report prepared by the Fast Front Transients
Task Force of the IEEE Modeling and Analysis of System
Transients Working Group, IEEE Transactions on Power
Delivery, Vol. 11, No. 1, January 1996.
[11] L. Prikler, H. K. Hidalen, ATP Draw Users Manual, SEfAS
TR A4790, ISBN 82-594-1358-2, Oct. 1998.
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Authors information
1
Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing,
Department of High Voltage and Power Systems,
University of Zagreb,
Unska 3, HR-10000 Zagreb,
Croatia.
2
Konar Electrical Engineering Institute,
Transformer Department,
High Voltage Laboratory,
Fallerovo etalite 22, HR-10002 Zagreb,
Croatia.
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