Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) 1994 Act 514

A piece of Malaysian legislation which was gazetted on the 25th February 1994 by the
Malaysian Parliament.

An Act to make further provision for securing that safety, health and welfare of persons at
work, for protecting others against risks to safety or health in connection with the activities
of persons at work, to establish the National Council for Occupational Safety and Health and
for matters connected therewith.

Scope: Person at work in all economic activities including public and statutory authorities,
except on board ships or the Armed Forces.

Divided into 15 parts and 67 Sections [2].

Part 1: Preliminary

Section 1. Short title and application.

Section 2. Prevailing laws.

Section 3. Interpretation.

Section 4. Objects of the Act.

PART 2: Appointment of officers

Section 5. Appointment of officers.

Section 6. Appointment of independent inspecting body.

Section 7. Certificate of authorization.

PART 3: National Council for Occupational Safety and Health

Section 8. Establishment of the Council.

Section 9. Membership of the Council.

Section 10. Second Schedule to apply.

Section 11. Powers and functions of the Council.

Section 12. Appointment of secretary to the Council.

Section 13. Committees.

Section 14. Annual report.

Objectives of Acts:

To secure the safety, health and welfare of persons at work

To protect person (other than person at work) at a place of work against hazard

To promote the occupational environment adaptable to the persons physiological and

psychological needs

To provide the means towards a legislative system based on regulations and industry codes
of practice in combination with the provisions of the Act.

OSHA MS

What is risk?
It is a combination of the likelihood and consequence of a specified hazardous event occurring.

Risk assessment means the process of evaluating the risks to safety and health arising
from hazards at work.

The most fundamental risk assessment activity, called an informal risk assessment, occurs
when workers are asked to think about the hazards in the workplace

before work commences,

determine what could go wrong, and

report or fix the hazards.

TECHNIQUE INTERNAL RISK ACCESSMENT

Stop-Look-Analyze-Manage (SLAM) asks workers to stop and consider the work process
before it is started, examine the work environment, analyze the work process, and manage
the risk.

Take-Two for Safety calls for persons to take 2 minutes to think through a job before it
starts

Five-Point Safety System compels employees to take responsibility for the safety within
workplace

Take Time, Take Charge requires miners to stop, think, assess and respond to hazards in
their workplace.

A qualitative analysis uses words to describe the magnitude of potential severity and the likelihood
that those severity will occur.

These scales can be adapted or adjusted to suit the circumstances and different descriptions
may be used for different risks.

This method uses expert knowledge and experience to determine likelihood and severity
category.

Quantitative analysis uses numerical values (rather than the descriptive scales used in
qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis) for both severity and likelihood using data from a
variety of sources such as past accident experience and from scientific research.

Severity may be determined by modeling the outcomes of an event or set of events, or by

extrapolation from experimental studies or past data.

The Bow Tie Analysis (BTA) was developed by Shell Oil in the 1980s as part of its Tripod package of
concepts and tools for managing occupational health and safety in its business.

The Top Event in the BTA is a statement about the initiating event that might lead to the
major consequence

Threats (also referred to as potential causes) are discussed and controls examined that could
mitigate the hazard (left side of the bow tie).

Next, the consequences (also referred to as the potential outcomes) of the initiating
unwanted event are identified and recovery control measures examined to reduce or
minimize the loss (right side of the bow tie).

The Workplace Risk Assessment and Control (WRAC) tool is a broad-brush risk ranking approach,
allowing the user to focus on the highest risk.

As applied to a MHRA, this structured preliminary analysis begins by breaking down the
process associated with the potential major hazards in some logical manner.

This is often accomplished using a flow chart or process mapping technique where the
potential major hazards of each step in a work process are identified.

Example : After preliminary analysis, the team then considers each breakdown segment of the
mining process and identifies the potential unwanted events associated with the identified hazards
(Figure below).

The likelihood and consequence of each stage are determined using some variation of a risk matrix,
followed by a risk rating calculation.