Reservations and Goods Issues

Reservations
Goods Issues

SAP AG

SAP AG

TAMM10 4.0B

24-1

Reservations and Goods Issues: Objectives

At the conclusion of this unit, you will be
familiar with:
Preplanning goods movements with
reservations
The process and effect of special goods
issues such as inspection samples or
scrapping
Different goods issues options, planned
or unplanned, and their respective
updates.

SAP AG

SAP AG

TAMM10 4.0B

24-2

Reservations and Goods Issues: Objectives

At the conclusion of this unit, you will be
familiar with:
Stock determination
The function of keeping a material
with negative stock

SAP AG

SAP AG

TAMM10 4.0B

24-3

Reservations: Business Scenario

Your enterprise is currently testing

Purchasing and Production processes in

the R/3 System. In the meantime, you want
to create reservations manually in the R/3
System to plan your goods receipts and
withdrawals for production until these two
modules are productive. This ensures that
Inventory Management and Materials
Planning are up-to-date.

SAP AG

SAP AG

TAMM10 4.0B

24-4

Goods Issues: Business Scenario

In your enterprise, goods receipts are

transferred to unrestricted-use stock, from

which materials are issued for internal
consumption (for example, when materials
are requested by a cost center). The
warehouse manager, who is responsible
for the plants stocks, can use the stock
overview, plant stock availablility,
consumption statistics, lists, and other
analyses to analyze the stock situation.

SAP AG

SAP AG

TAMM10 4.0B

24-5

Reservations
Controller

Warehouse manager

Reservation
^
=

Plant, Storage location

Planning goods movements

Planning
inward
movement

Planning
output

Planning
transfer
posting
R

SAP AG

Reservations are requests to the warehouse to have materials ready for issue at a later date and for a
particular purpose.
A reservation can also be used to plan an inward movement in advance.
A reservation ensures that a material is available when it is needed.

SAP AG

TAMM10 4.0B

24-6

Reservation

Account assignm.

R Header

Base date
Check calendar
B
B

Material
Position
Position
Position

Plant/Storage loc./Batch
Requirement date
Movements allowed
R

SAP AG

Analyses are available for material and account assignment.

SAP AG

TAMM10 4.0B

24-7

Creating Reservations

Individual entry
Without reference

Collective entry

With new base date

With reference
XXXXXXXXXXX

Different account assignment

possible with same movement
type
R

SAP AG

Important functions to create or change reservations:

-Approve movement,
-Set deletion indicator,
-Change base date.

SAP AG

TAMM10 4.0B

24-8

Dynamic Availability Check

100 pcs.

50pcs
Res.

t (days)

today

P.ord.

2
30 pcs
Res.

30 pcs
Res.

30 pcs
OK
80 pcs
Res.

80pcs
(2.2)

(2.1)

ok

(2.3)

(2.4)
R

SAP AG

Initial situation:
Stock 100 pcs
Reserved 80 pcs for today + 2D
Ordered 50 pcs for today + 4D
New reservation:
2.1 Reservation of 30 pcs for today + 1d => warning message
2.2 Reservation of 30 pcs for today + 3d => warning message
2.3 Reservation of 30 pcs for today + 5d => ok, no warning message
2.4 Reservation of 80 pcs for today + 5d => warning message
If the dynamic availablility check is actively set for a type of reservation, imminent material
requirements are included in the availability check.

SAP AG

TAMM10 4.0B

24-9

Reservation Management

Allow
movements
Delete
reservations
01.09.

30 Tage

10 Tage

01.10

11.10.

Requirem. date
Reservations

Base date
Management

SAP AG

The management program for reservations can carry out both reorganization of the reservation file and
mass change to reservations.
To do so, it carries out the following actions. It:
- marks items for deletion,
- deletes reservations (these are not archived),
- allows movements for reservation items.
The management program only includes reservations that have been created manually.

SAP AG

TAMM10 4.0B

24-10

Reservation Settings
Number range with interval
Default values for movement allowed ind.
Copy rules

Reservation entry

Dynamic Availability Check

Field selection

Days for movement allowed (days 1)

Management program for

reservations

Residence time (days 2)

11

<
Req. date
Date - days 2
Reservation
Marked for deletion
=

11

<
Req. date
Date + days 1
Movement allowed ind.
set

SAP AG

You can change the field selection depending on the movement type.

SAP AG

TAMM10 4.0B

24-11

Goods Issues
From warehouse
From consigmt. stores

Goods issue

Consumption

From Pipeline

Issue

Cost center

Sampling

Asset

Scrapping

Sales
Order

SAP AG

Goods issues can be planned or unplanned.

The data to be entered depends on the type of goods issue. The system prepares various account
assignment fields, depending on the movement type and system configuration. The system uses
automatic account determination to automatically determine the G/L account to which the movement is
posted. You only have to enter a G/L account if you want to post the goods movement to another
account.
If a material is no longer of use, it is posted to "scrapping". If a material is destroyed, this information
must also be entered in the system. Material can be scrapped from unrestricted-use stock, stock in
quality inspection, and blocked stock. The effects of scrapping are:
the stock in question is reduced,

the value of the scrapped material is posted from the material stock account to the scrap account.

the cost center that you enter is debited.

Taking a sample is a goods issue that is generally done in connection with a quality inspection. The SAP
sampling procedure provides you with the means of being sure that the sample for testing is taken from
the existing stock. The sampled goods are treated as destroyed, in other words, the system assumes that
the material can no longer be used after the quality inspection. In this way sampling is the same as
scrapping, with the exception that the value of the sampled material is posted from the material stock
account to the quality inspection expense account.

SAP AG

TAMM10 4.0B

24-12

Goods Issue with Change of Movement Type

Goods issue
Movem. type 201

Enter goods issue

Edit
GoTo

Valuation...

New items
New item
Default values

Cost center 1000

Item
1

Mat
Mat 1

Maintain default values

Quantity
10
pcs

Movement type
Special stock

241

Plant
Storage location

1000
0001

Cont.

New items

MVT
Material
Quantity
Asset

New item

241
Mat 2
505,1000

Enter goods issue: overview

Item Quantity
1
10
2
50

Mat
Plant/St.loc.
Mat1 1000/0001
Mat2 1000/0001

MVT
201
241

SAP AG

Movement types can be changed within the entry of a goods issue.

SAP AG

TAMM10 4.0B

24-13

Goods Issues Entry

Individual entry
Without reference

Collective entry

to reservation
to order

With reference
XXXXXXXXXXX

to bill of material (BOM)

R

SAP AG

Combination of all entry techniques possible.

Movement types may vary for each item.
Collective entry possible, even for different account assignments in a material document.

SAP AG

TAMM10 4.0B

24-14

Planned Goods Issue

With reference...
XXXXXXXXXXX

Direct entry
to reservation

Search for material

Search for account assignment
R

SAP AG

A prerequisite for goods issue is that the movement is allowed for the reservation item.
Restriction by storage location possible.
Extended selection regarding requirements date.
Proportion of the proposed quantity possible.
The system updates the quantity withdrawn and the corresponding value in the reservation.
You can set the final issue indicator. This means that the reservation item can be considered as
completed.

SAP AG

TAMM10 4.0B

24-15

Unplanned Goods Issue

Individual entry
Collective entry
XXXXXXXXXXX

Stor.loc-/ Batch "*"

SAP AG

You cannot make reference to the reservation. All data required for the goods issue is entered directly
when the goods issue is posted.

SAP AG

TAMM10 4.0B

24-16

Application Area of Stock Determination

PM

Rel. 3.x:

Rel. 4.0:

Withdrawal
sequence

Withdrawal
sequence

Stock
determination

PP

Delivery

Kanban

Inventory management

Stock
determination

Material
provision list?

Repetitive
manufacturing
PP orders

WM

SAP AG

Stock determination is a function that can be used on a cross-application basis. It enables you to
determine the stock type from which materials should be withdrawn for withdrawing, picking, and
staging transactions.
Stock determination allows you to lay down strategies for material withdrawals by using predefined
settings. This function is used in several applications, and is therefore important to the integration of the
sytem as a whole.

SAP AG

TAMM10 4.0B

24-17

Stock Determination
Material 1 Material 2

Material 3 Material 4

Application 1

Application 2 Application 3

Stock determination
group 0001

Stock determination
group 0002

Stock
determination
rule PP1

Stock determination
rule PP2

Strategy 0001
Priority of

Strategy 0002
- Special stock indicator in the FS item table
- Storage location

Sort criteria of item table / price / quantity

Number of subsets/split criterion
WM-processing
Optional pipeline withdrawal?
R

User exit for item table

SAP AG

The stock determination group is entered in the material master at plant level, and controls materialrelated stock determination.
The stock determination rule is assigned by the application in which it is called.
The stock determination group, along with the stock determination rule, forms the unique key for the
stock determination strategy at plant level.
Stock determination strategy defines which stocks can be considered for a transaction (special stock
indicator, storage location), which preferences are to be included (sorting criteria), which priority these
preferences should have when they are combined with other strategies, or whether stock determination is
carried out online or in the background.

SAP AG

TAMM10 4.0B

24-18

Negative Stock
8.00 Goods receipt

1000 pcs
Physical stock
Book inventory

1000 pcs
0 pcs

11.00 Goods Issue

100 pcs

Physical stock
Book inventory
16.00
Wareneinggang:
1000 pcs

Goods Receipt:
1000 pcs

Physical stock
Book inventory

+900 pcs
-100 pcs

+900 pcs
+900 pcs

SAP AG

Prior to Release 4.0, you could only have negative stock balances for materials with standard price
control.
As of Release 4.0, you can also manage negative stock balances for materials with moving average
price control. Furthermore, you can have negative stock balances for special stocks, such as vendor
consignment, material provided to vendor, sales order stock, and project stock.
Negative stock balances are required if, for organizational reasons, goods issues are entered before the
corresponding goods receipts, and the material is already physically located in the warehouse.
Once you have posted the goods receipts, the book inventory balance should correspond with the
physical stock again, in other words, it should no longer be negative. Negative stocks always indicate
that physical movements have to be entered in the system at a later stage.
If you work with negative stock balances, you have to ensure that you do not have negative stock
balances when you carry out a physical inventory and on the balance sheet key date.

SAP AG

TAMM10 4.0B

24-19

Negative Stocks

Set for valuation area

Set for plant and

special stock types

Set for storage locations

Aktivate within
material master record
R

SAP AG

To work with negative stock balances, you have to allow these for the valuation area and storage
locations in Customizing for Inventory Management.
You make the settings for negative stock balances in Customizing for Materials Management ->
Inventory management -> Goods issue / Transfer postings -> Allow negative stocks.
If the first movement of a material is an outward movement, in Customizing you can activate automatic
creation of storage location data for goods isues in the step Create storage location automatically.

SAP AG

TAMM10 4.0B

24-20

Reservations and Goods Issues: Summary

With reservations you can plan goods receipts
and goods issues in advance.
Goods issues include consumption and issue.
They can be entered with or without a
reference document.
You can keep negative stock records for
material whenever goods issues need to be
entered before the corresponding goods
receipts for management reasons and the
material is already physically in the
warehouse.

SAP AG

SAP AG

TAMM10 4.0B

24-21