TUGAS ENERGI SURYA

Nama : Rio andi saputra

Nim

: 110401144

Kelas : B

1. Calculate the daily useful gain and efficiency of an array of 10

solar collector modules installed in parallel near Medan,
Sumatera Utara at slope 60o and a surface azimuth of 0 o . The
hourly radiation on the plane of collector It, the hourly radiation
absorbed by absorber plate S. and the hourly ambient
Temperature Ta are given in the table on page 267. The
methods of sections 2.15, 2.16, and 5.9 can be use to find It
and S knowing the hourly horizontal radiation, the collector
orientation, and the collector optical properties.
For the collector assume the overall loss coefficient Ul, to be
8.0 W/m2 oC and the plate efficiency factor F to be 0.841 (from
example 6.5.1). The water flow rate through each 1 x 2 m
collector panel is 0.03 kg/s and the inlet water temperature
remains constant at 40oC. Assume a controller turns of the
water flow whenever the outlet temperature iss less than the
inlet temperature.
Solution: Data dan rumus didapat dari buku
Diketahui:

= 60o
= 0.03 Kg/s
Cp= 4190

Ac= 1x2m=2m
UL=8 W/m2 oC
F= 0.841

The dimensionless collector mass flow rate is :

mCp
0.03 x 4190
=
=9.35
'
A c U L F 2 x 8 x 0.841

So that the collector flow factor, from the Equation 6.7.5 (or Figure 6.7.1)

F' ' =9.35 1exp

1
( 9.35
)]=0.948

And the heat removal factor is

F R=F ' F '' =0.841 x 0.948=0.797
The average loss rate for the hour 10 to 11 based on inlet temperature of
40C is

( T iT a )=8 ( 4032 ) 3600=0,2304

U l

And the average usefull energy gain perunit of collector area is :

o=

Qu
=F R [ SU l ( T i T o ) ]
Ac
q

S=I B R B ( )B + I D ( ) D 1+

cos ( )
cos ( )
+ G ( I B + I D ) ( )G 1
2
2

Dimana :

IB ,I D,IG

didapat dari

n diasumsikan pada tanggal 26 Maret, maka n=85,

B=( n1 )

Untuk

360
=82,8493
365

kondisi

kota

=4

Medan:

Lloc=98

A=0.2

Lst =GMT +0.7=7 15=105

Pada pukul 10.00-11.00,

=22.5

dan

=23.45 sin 360

294+85
=1,61341
365

cos z=cos cos cos + sin sin

cos z=cos ( 4 ) cos (1,6 ) cos ( 22,5 ) +sin ( 4 ) sin ( 1,6 )
cos z=0,9232

b =ao + ai exp

k
z

, dengan

ao =r o [ 0,42370,00821 ( 60,2 )2 ]
0,95 [ 0,42370,00821 ( 60,2 )2 ]
0,14014

a1=r 1 [ 0,50550,00595 ( 6.5 A )2 ]

0,98 [ 0,50550,00595 ( 6.50,2 )2 ]

ra , ri , rk

didapat dari tabel

 0,726822

k =r k [ 0,27110,01858 ( 2.5 A )2 ]
1,02 [ 0,27110,01858 ( 2.50,2 )2 ]
0,376776

Maka,

b =0.14+ 0.7268exp

=0,6234
( 0.3767
0.9232 )

Gb=Gon b cos z
G on=G sc (1.00011+0.034221 cosB+ 0.00128 sinB+ 0.000718 cos 2 B+0.000077 sin 2 B)
1.00011+0.034221 cos ( 82.85)+ 0.00128 sin ( 82.85)+0.000718 cos ( 2 x 82.85)+0.000077 sin(2 x 82.85)
1367
1373.783

Gb=1373.783 x 0.6234 x 0.9232

790.6794

Maka

I b=Gb x 3600

790.6794 x 3600

2.86446

MJ
m2 h

b=

Gb
=0.2710.294 b
G on cos 2

Gd =[ 0.2710.294 (0.6234) ] x 1373.783 x 0.9232

111.2535

I D =G d x 3600
111.2535 x 3600

0.400512

MJ
m2 h

I=I b+I d
2.8464+0.4005
3.2469

Dan

MJ
m2 h

( ) B , ( )D , ( )G , di dapat dari

a
=1+2.0345 x 103 8 e1.99 x 104 8 e 2+5.324 x 106 8 e3 + 4.799 x 108 8 e
an

Dengan asuransi

8 e=23o

KL=0.037

(insidence angle)
(glass)

n=0.91
incident)

(absorplance of the plate at normal

Maka,
a
=0.9928
an
a =exp

=0.9636
( KL
cos )
z

r=

1 1rii 1ri
+
2 1+rii 1+ri

r i=

Dimana

2=sin1

sin (2 1)
2
sin ( 2+ 1)

didapat dari

sin 1
sin 2

( )

n=

( sinn )
1

r i=0.0535 0.054

dan

2=14.3 o

tan 2 (2 1)
r ii = 2
tan ( 2+ 1)
r ii =0.0341 0.034

Sehingga

r =0.9161

r=

1 10.034 10.054
+
2 1+0.034 1+0.054

1.526

, didapat

Dengan cara yang sama dengan menggunakan

e , D

59,680,1388 +0,001457 2

e , D

59,680,1388 (60)+ 0,001457(60)2

56,740
Maka Didapat :
n=1+2,0345 103 e , D 1,99 104 e2 +5,324 106 e , D34,799 108 e , D4
0,9499

=exp

1< l
( cosQz
)=0,9567

r=

1 1r 11 1r 1
+
2 1+r 11 1+ r 1

r i=

sin2 ( 2 1)
sin2 ( 2+ 1)

]
,

2=sin 1

( sinn 1 )=33,23

0,159

r ii =

tan 2 ( 2 1)
=5,53 108
2
tan ( 2+ 1)

Maka,

1 15,53 10
10,59
r=
+
= 0,8626
8
2 1+5,53 10
1+ 0,59

r=0,8293

( ) D =1,01

( una )

0,7285

Dengan cara yang sama dengan menggunakan

e , g

e , g=900.9788 + 0.002693 2=64.96

a
=1+2.0349 x 103 2e, G +5.324 x 106 3e, G4.799 x 108 4e, G=0.8972
an

=c p

kl
( cos
)=0.955
z

r=

1 1r 2 1r 1
+
2 1+r 2 1+r 1

2=sin1

( sinn )=36.42
1

sin ( 21 )
r 1= 2
=0.2376
sin ( 2 +1 )

r=

tan ( 2 1 )
r 2=
=0.012
tan 2 ( 2+ 1 )

1 10.012 10.2376
+
=0.7961
2 1+0.012 1+0.2376

= r =0.7604

( ) G=0.6339
Sehingga didapat:

IB=2.8464

()G=0.634

Io=0.4005

()=0.8134

I=3.2469

()D=0.7285

G =0.5

asumsi

Dan Rb didapat dari

RB =

cos 0.493
=
=0.534
cos z 0.923

dimana

cos =cos ( ) cos cos +sin ( ) sin

cos =cos ( 460 ) cos 1,6 cos (22.5 )+ sin ( 460 ) 1,6
cos =0,49308

RB =

0,493
=0,534 , Maka :
0,923

S=2,8464 0,534 0,8134+0,4005 0,7285

( 1+cos2 60 )+0,51 ( 3,3469 ) 0,634( 1cos2 60 )

S=1,6265

q o=

Qu
MJ
=0,797 ( 1,62650,2304 )=1,11348 2
Ac
mh

Qu
q
o
I Ac I

Nilai

didapat dari:

I =I b R b + I d

1cos
+I (
( 1+ cos
)
2
2 )
s

I =2.8464 x 0.534+0.4005

( 1+cos2 60 )+3.2469 x 0.5( 1cos2 60 )

2.12046

Sehingga
=

day =

qo
Ir

1.1135
=0.525
2.1205

q o I r

pada excel

8.064
=0.4894
16.46

Qu =10 x 2 x 8.0664 x 106 =1.61 x 108 J

161 MJ

The daily useful energy gain of the 10 collector modulus in the array is

Qu =161 MJ