ABSTRACT:
An artificial neural network
ensemble is a learning paradigm where several
INTRODUCTION:
pathological
named
pathological
diagnosis
procedure
diagnosis
that
analyzes
the
NEURAL
ENSEMBLE
BASED
CANCER DETECTIONS:
In this paper, based on the
built
ensemble
sessions:
used
on
specific
two-level
Cancer
diagnosis system
Image
compression
needle
biopsy.
The
hardware
and
Documents\My
Pictures\bj)
PCA METHOD:
% PC - each column is a PC
[M,N] = size(data);
mn = mean(data,2);
with
[PC, V] = eig(covariance);
2D
picture
which
results
in
V = diag(V);
V = V(rindices);
PC = PC(:,rindices);
signals = PC * data;
carcinoma,
% (M dimensions, N trials)
% PC - each column is a PC
mn = mean(data,2);
Y = data / sqrt(N-1);
[u,S,PC] = svd(Y);
S = diag(S);
done
V = S .* S;
signals = PC * data;
by
about
merging
22%
the
are
small
cancer
cell
classes
FANNC ARCHITECTURE:
transmit
feedback
signal
to
implement
the
output
units,
the
feed-forward
FANNC
NETWORK
FOR
CLASSIFICATION:
are
STEP 3:
AK=(ak1,ak2,..,akn) (k=1,2,3,,m)
bInij = (-(aik-ij)/aij) ^2
where ij and ij are the responsive Center and
the responsive characteristic width of the
Gaussian weight connecting unit i with unit j.
Aik = ij ; bInij
k
i
(a -ij)
bj=f(bInij -j)
Where
j is the bias of unit j. f is the Sigmoid
Function as follows,
f(u)=( 1 /(1+e^-2))
A leakage competition1 is carried out
among all the second-layer units. The outputs
of the winners are transferred to related third-
1
bInij
ch = f(bjvjh - h)
STEP4:
dl = chwhl
ERROR CORRECTIONS:
is selected. It satisfies:
Errcu = MIN(Errch)
It satisfies:
bt=MAX(bj)
where bj is the second-layer unit activation.
The errors are rectified using error correction
training of networks.
FEATURES OF CELL
IMAGES
plurality
voting
to
combine
the
no
CANCE
R
CELL?
RESULT:
NORMAL
CELL
yes
SECOND LEVEL
ENSEMBLE i.e.,
PLURALITY VOTING;
CANCER
CELL
CLASSFICATION
END
END
inputs
normal cells.
network.
calculations)
desired
TRAINING NETWORK:
then
processes
the
inputs
and
output
from
that
sample.
neuron.
3. For each neuron, calculate what the
output should have been, and a scaling
factor, how much lower or higher the
output must be adjusted to match the
desired output. This is the local error.
4. Adjust the weights of each neuron to
lower the local error.
5. Assign "blame" for the local error to
neurons at the previous level, giving
greater
responsibility
to
neurons
Do
// For each example e in the training set//
O = neural-net-output(network, e) ;
CONCLUSION:
forward pass
Artificial neural networks have
already been widely exploited in computeraided lung cancer diagnosis. The artificial
neural
network
ensemble
is
recently
continued
above
mentioned
error
corrections
REFERENCES:
AT OUTPUT LAYER:
For first level ensemble based detection,