Q4 State whether the following statements are true or false. Give reasons.
a)
Direct costs are costs which vary with variation in output.
b)
Total fixed cost remains unaffected by changes in the volume of output.
c)
In relation to normal sales, a low margin of safety alongwith a
high P/V ratio is generally an indication of high fixed cost.
d)
Cost unit and cost centre have the same meaning.
Q5: P Ltd. Manufactures two products using one type of material. Shown below is
an extract from the company's papers for the next period budget.
Product A
Product B
Budgeted Sales (In units)
3,600
4,800
Budgeted material consumption per products (kg)
5
3
Budgeted material cost Rs. 12 per Kg.
There are 12 five days weeks in a budget period and it is anticipated that sales
and production
will occur evenly throughout.
Opening stock : Product A l,020 units, Product B 2,400 units, Raw material 4,300
kgs.
The target closing stock: Product A = 15 days sales, Product B = 20 days sales,
Raw material =
10 days consumption.
Prepare material purchase budget showing the quantities and values for the next
period.
Assignment - B
Q1: Comment on the relative profitability of the following products when there i
s a) no key factor, b) Machine Hrs are limited (Key factor)
Alpha
Beta
Rs.
Rs.
Selling price
100
150
Material
25
30
Wages
5
10
Machine hr rate:
Variable
2
3
Fixed
1
1
Variable overhead
15
20
Fixed Expenses
2
2
Machine hrs.used
10
15
Production
300Units
250Units
Q2: Define the term "Budgetary Control." Discuss its limitations.
Q3 (a) Discuss various classifications of costs.
Q3 (b) Determine the amount of fixed expenses from the following particulars:
Sales Rs.2,40,000, Direct Material Rs. 80,000, Direct Labour Rs.50,000, variable
overheads Rs. 20, 000, Profit Rs. 50,000
Q4: A product passes through two distinct process A & B & thereafter it is trans
ferred to finished stock. From the following information you are required to pre
pare Process Accounts:
Process A
Process B
Rs
Rs
Material consumed
24000
12000
Wages
28000
16000
Manufacturing expenses'
8000
8000
Input in Process A (units)
20,000
----Input in process A (value in Rs)
20000
---Output (units) 31th Dec 2003
18,800
16,600
Normal wastage percentage of input
5%
10%
Value of normal wastage (per 100 units)
8
10
Assignment
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Product costing
Optimum sales mix determination
Maximization of profit
Sales commission determination
Q3 Costing Technique in which all costs, variable as well as fixed, are charged
to product, operations or services is
(a) Historical costing
(b) Absorption costing
(c) Marginal costing
(d) Direct costing
Q4 The costing approach wherein actual costs are ascertained after they have bee
n incurred is
(a) Marginal costing
(b) Direct costing
(c) Standard costing
(d) Historical costing
Q5 The cost which reflects the policies of the top management which result in p
eriodic appropriations are called as
(a) Future cost
(b) Discretionary cost
(c) Committed cost
(d) Programmed cost
Q6 In a given situation if a product is not produced the company can save on the
salary of workers to the tune of Rs. 1,00,000. In this case the salary of the w
orker is
(a) Imputed cost
(b) Unavoidable cost
(c) Avoidable cost
(d) None of the above
Q7 Depreciation charged on Plant & Machinery is
(a) Future cost
(b) Discretionary cost
(c) Committed cost
(d) Programmed cost
Q8 Costs that are not relevant for decision-making and are not affected by incre
ase or decrease in volume are
(a) Out of pocket cost
(b) Sunk cost
(c) Differential cost
(d) Imputed cost
Q9 Which of the following statements is not true of pricing of inventories?
a) In FIFO method, the issue of material from the stores will be in the order
which it was received.
b) In LIFO method, the material issued will be priced based on the material th
at has been purchased recently.
c)
Under current price method, material is priced at the value that is realiz
able at the time of issue.
d) Under standard price method, material is priced based on the current market
price.
Q10 Which of the following statements is false?
a) In an inflationary period the FIFO method of inventory pricing tends to inf
late reported profits.
12. An investment centre is a responsibility centre where the manager has contro
l of:
(a) Costs, profits and product quality
(b) Costs
(c) Costs and profits
(d) Costs, profits and assets
13.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
18.
:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
19.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
20.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
21.
s?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
22.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
23.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
The weighted average method of stock valuation would be most appropriate for
24.
ice
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
A food retailer
A motor components retailer
A building contractor
A chemical manufacturer
Direct labour costs will include:
Total direct labour hours at the normal hourly rate of pay
All labour costs attributable to a product
Direct labour costs plus any bonuses
Direct labour costs plus any bonuses and overtime premiums
An example of a production overhead would be:
Labour costs
Rent
Supervisory costs
Materials
Absorption costing is closely related to which of the following cost element
Overheads
Direct labour
Total costs
Prime costs
Which of the following would not be classed as a service department?
The assembly department
The finance department
The canteen
The maintenance department
Cost apportionment involves:
The sharing out of costs to products
The sharing out of common costs to departments
The allocation of direct costs to departments
The sharing out of overheads to service departments
The most appropriate method of apportioning the rent of a building would be:
On the basis of value of assets
To share them out equally amongst all departments
On the basis of number of employees
On the basis of area of each department
28. Which of the following would not normally be a suitable method of absorbing
costs into products
(a) Total cost centre overhead / Number of employees
(b) Total cost centre overhead / Number of units processed in department
(c) Total cost centre overhead / Cost centre total machine hours
(d) Total cost centre overhead / Total cost centre direct labour cost
29. The following details relate to a particular company:
i.
Machining Assembly
ii.
Total cost centre overhead 120,000 180,000
iii.
Machine hours 15,000 9,000
iv.
Labour hours 2,000 8,000
The most appropriate overhead rate to use for the machining department would be:
(a)
5 per direct machine hour
(b)
7.06 per hour
(c)
8 per direct machine hour
(d)
60 per direct labour hour
30. The following details were extracted from the cost records of a company:
Machining Assembly Maintenance Administration Area sq/m 5,000 6,000 2,000 1,200
No. of employees 6 13 2 3
If it cost 3,500 to insure the buildings, the amount that would be apportioned to
the assembly department would be:
(a)
1,479
(b)
72
(c)
1,896
(d)
372
31 . Which of the following is true?
(a)
Overhead absorption rates will normally be based on estimates of wh
at costs are expected to be
(b)
Once set, overhead absorption rates will not change from one year to
the next
(c)
Absorption rates will change continuously to reflect changes in out
put and costs
(d)
Overhead absorption rates will only be calculated when all actual cos
ts are known
32.The total cost of a product will include:
(a)
Prime cost only
(b)
Prime cost plus non production overhead
(c)
Prime costs plus direct production overhead plus indirect production
overhead plus tax
(d)
Prime costs plus direct production overhead plus indirect production o
verhead
33.Overhead absorption exercises will be most useful where:
(a)
The market determines the selling price of a product
(b)
The total direct cost of a department is needed
(c)
Selling prices can be based on costs
(d)
A departmental manager will be held responsible for the costs that ar
e apportioned to them
34.A company has a budgeted level of fixed overheads of 385,000 and the overhead
recovery rate is 4.25 per machine hour, What is the number of machine hours we ex
pect to use?
(a)
90,600
(b)
4,250
(c)
385,000
(d)
1,636,25
35.Under-recovery of overheads occurs when:
(a)
ad incurred
(b)
(c)
d to be
(d)
en charged to
38.
If actual units produced are lower than the budgeted level of produ
ction which of the following types of cost would you expect to be lower than the
budget?
(a)
Variable costs per unit
(b)
Fixed costs per unit
(c)
Total fixed costs
(d)
Total variable costs
39.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
a business must:
that covers its variable costs only
that covers both fixed and variable costs
that covers its fixed costs only
that leads to a positive contribution