SKEWNESS, KURTOSIS,

BOXPLOT
DESCRIBING SHAPES AND PATTERNS

SKEWNESS
Symmetry of Distribution

MOTIVATION:

In both histograms, the mean is 6 and the

variance is roughly around 8.7. But, the shape
of distribution of values are not necessarily the
same. Hence, the measures of skewness and
kurtosis are summary measures that describe
the shape of the distribution.

SKEWNESS
A measure of symmetry/asymmetry of a
distribution of values in a data.

SKEWNESS
POSITIVELY SKEWED or SKEWED TO
THE RIGHT - the concentration of the
values are on the left side of the distribution,
with a tail that is tapering off on the right
side.

SKEWNESS
NEGATIVELY SKEWED or SKEWED TO
THE LEFT - the concentration of the values
are on the right side of the distribution, with
a tail that is tapering off on the left side.

SKEWNESS
the distribution is symmetric, if the mean =
median = mode.
the distribution is skewed to the right or
positively skewed, if the mean > median >
mode.
the distribution is skewed to the left or
negatively skewed, if the mean < median <
mode.

SKEWNESS

SKEWNESS

1 =

2 =

SKEWNESS
Interpretation:
if the coefficient of skewness is less than 0,
then the distribution is skewed to the left or
negatively skewed.
If the coefficient of skewness is greater
than 0, then the distribution is skewed to
the right or positively skewed.
If the coefficient of skeweness is 0, then the
distribution is symmetric.

KURTOSIS
Concavity of Distribution

KURTOSIS
It describes the hump of the
distribution of the values relative to
the hump of a normal distribution of
the same amount of variability.

KURTOSIS
The Normal Distribution:
It is a bell-shaped curve.
It is symmetric about its mean.
It has tails that extend on both ends but it doesnt
touch the x-axis
The area below the curve and above the x-axis is 1.
68% of observations lie within one standard deviation
from the mean, 95% of observations lie within two
standard deviations from the mean, and at least 99%
of observations lie within three standard deviations
from the mean.

KURTOSIS
The Normal Distribution

KURTOSIS
Coefficient of kurtosis:

=1
4

=
4
4
interpretation:
4
3 < 0
4

4
3 > 0
4

4
3 = 0
4

KURTOSIS

KURTOSIS

BOXPLOT
Exploratory-Data-Analysis Tool

BOXPLOT
Box-and-whisker plot a
graphical tool for assessing
the shape of distribution.
Features:
Location
Spread
Symmetry
Extremes

BOXPLOT
OUTLIERS!

Q3+1.5(IQR)
or max

IQR=Q3-Q1

3rd Quartile

AXIS
Range of
the
middle
50% of
the data
Q1-1.5(IQR)
or min

2nd Quartile
Or Mean
1st Quartile

ASSESSING SKEWNESS
USING A BOXPLOT

DESCRIBE THE SKEWNESS

OF EACH BOXPLOT

/:END:/