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Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources
Articles (Digital)
Ann, Leslie. "Why We're All Still Mesmerized by Dynasties." Daily Mail, May 20, 2004.
Accessed February 1, 2015.
http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/bic1/NewsDetailsPage/NewsDetailsWindow?
failOverType=&query=&prodId=BIC1&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&displa
yquery=&mode=view&displayGroupName=News&dviSelectedPage=&limiter=&u=wests
pringfield1&currPage=&source=&disableHighlighting=&displayGroups=&sortBy=&zid
=&search_within_results=&p=BIC1&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&docum
entId=GALE%7CA116872251&authCount=1.
Ann Leslie is a British journalist who writes for the Daily Mail in London. In writing this
article about why people are still mesmerized with dynasties, she was not exactly
speaking majorly about Indira Gandhi but she had an impactful experience with her that
helped us to develop our thesis. We learned about how Indira viewed Joan of Arc, the
French heroine who was betrayed by those she trusted as a role model and this helped to
foreshadow her assassination. This article could be seen as a primary source because, Ann
Leslie's interview with Indira Gandhi was during when Indira Gandhi was alive.
BBC. "1966: Indira Gandhi Takes Charge in India." BBC On This Day. Last modified January
19, 1966. Accessed January 28, 2015.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/19/newsid_3745000/3745625.st
m.
This is an article that could be dated back to 1996 when Indira Gandhi was decided to
become the country's leader. She would also be known as India's first woman prime
minister. Several quotes have been used from this article to define her "coming of age" as
a leader. The article helps with the website because it proves that the public loved Indira
especially when she was first elected and also traced the steps of how she came about
becoming Prime Minister of India after the death of Lal Bahadur Shahstri.
BBC. "Indira Gandhi 'Greatest Woman.'" BBC News. Last modified December 1, 1999.
Accessed January 29, 2015. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/543743.stm.
Indira Gandhi has repetitively been voted as one of the greatest women in the world for
the last century, as well as Elizabeth I and Mother Teresa and was voted number one in
1999. This article proved Indiras greatness and lasting impact on a global scale. Being
voted as the top female politician is not a minor achievement, she was compared to very
well known people and topped them all because of her accomplishments towards her
country. Helped understand that people still do appreciate Indira Gandhi and is still
considered to be one of the most important leaders in the world. This also summarized
the various events in her life, and included the tragedy of her assassination.

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BrainyQuote. "Indira Gandhi Quotes." Brainy Quote. Accessed December 22, 2014.
http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/i/indira_gandhi.html.
References to several of Indira's quotes were from this website.
Charlton, Linda. "Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to
Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India." The New York Times, November 1, 1984.
Accessed May 12, 2015.
http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/1119.html.
Charlton touched base on nearly every aspect of Indira Gandhis leadership provided that
the occasion was her death just the day before. Charlton accurately described her
leadership from an outsiders perspective, provided the pros and the cons of Indira
Gandhis leadership which greatly assisted the Strengths and Weaknesses tab. She
embedded multiple quotes from Indira Gandhi that neither of us came across and that was
a huge bonus. Chronologically, she gave a description of all of the major events during
Gandhis rule as well as some insight into her personality.
The Guardian. "Mrs. Gandhi, a Woman of Action, Political Instinct, but Little Vision." November
1, 1984. Accessed May 12, 2015.
http://www.theguardian.com/world/1984/nov/01/india.guardianobituaries.
This article was meant to be an obituary after the death of Indira Gandhi. It pinpointed
every crucial aspect of Indira Gandhis reign. It was also the first article to mention her
relations with Fidel Castro, and how they were both chairmen of the Nonaligned
Movement and displayed her attempts to steer clear from both the Soviet Union as well
as the United States of America.
Habib, Haroon. "Bangladesh Honours Indira Gandhi with Highest Award." The Hindu. Last
modified July 26, 2011. Accessed January 29, 2015. http://www.thehindu.com/todayspaper/tp-national/bangladesh-honours-indira-gandhi-with-highestaward/article2294256.ece.
This article was intended to inform the audience about the remaining importance of
Indira Gandhi in Bangladeshi people's lives. They are still very appreciative for her great
assistance during the war effort in the Liberation War/Pakistani Civil War. Sheikh Hasina,
Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Zillur Rahman, President, and Dipu Mony, Foreign
Minister, were all in support of the award, which was received by her daughter-in-law,
Sonia Gandhi.

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Mail Today Reporter. "WikiLeaks Documents Reveal Indira's American 'Spy' and Gandhi
Family's 'Draconian' Attempts to 'Remodel' Indian Constitution." Daily Mail India. Last
modified April 9, 2013. Accessed May 12, 2015.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/indiahome/indianews/article-2306550/WikiLeaksdocuments-reveal-Indiras-American-spy-Gandhi-familys-draconian-attempts-remodelIndian-constitution.html.
The article was writing due to the occurrence of the Indian Embassy revealing documents
that was in relation to Indira Gandhi time period. This article supplied the image of Indira
Gandhi located at the nuclear testing site, for the Political Legacy tab. It also shone
some negative light on her second son, Sanjay Gandhi, and his decisions and impacts on
his mother during the State of Emergency.
Malhotra, Inder. "Indira Gandhi Loses Election." The Guardian, March 23, 1977. Accessed May
12, 2015. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/23/indira-gandhi-india-electionarchive-1977.
This article was found on The Guardians archives, dated back to when Indira Gandhi had
lost her position as Prime Minister when she administered elections after the State of
Emergency. A significant part of this article was the fact that both Indira and Sanjay
Gandhi apologized to her administration and her colleagues. Sanjay apologized again,
taking the blame for his mothers loss during the elections which is embedded onto the
State of Emergency tab.
Zee News. "Rahul's Rally, Roadshow 'Remind' People of Indira Gandhi." February 4, 2015.
Accessed May 13, 2015. http://zeenews.india.com/news/delhi/rahuls-rally-roadshowremind-people-of-indira-gandhi_1541527.html.
One of the very few articles about her grandson, Rahul Gandhi, in relation to his
grandmother, Indira Gandhi. This supported our claim that her leadership can be felt and
seen till this date through her descendants and is massively appreciated by the people of
India, especially those who reside in the villages.
Books
Gandhi, Indira. My Truth. N.p.: Grove Press, 1981.
This book was published in France, when Indira Gandhi was out of power. This book
discusses Indira Gandhis life in her own words. Proves that she knows her flaws, her
downfalls, and her weaknesses herself. The book also describes the traumatic events of
her life such as the death of several of her family members such has her mother, Kamala
Nehru. Its significant assistance was Indira Gandhis own descriptions of India and it
makes evident of her superior sense of nationalism and pride for her country.
Nehru, Jawaharlal. Letters from a Father to His Daughter. 1929. Reprint, Viking, 2004.
This book provides insight on how Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira's father, treated her during
her pre-teenage years, more specifically when she was ten years old. His style of writing
and his tone towards his daughter not only did he write to her in a lovingly manner, but
also made it evident that she was raised as her own leader and the leader inside of her was
present at a very young age and Jawaharlal Nehru encouraged her skills and talents as a
young aspiring leader.
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Speeches
Gandhi, Indira. "India: Today and Tomorrow." Speech, July 20, 1973.
The speech constructed and spoken by Indira Gandhi can be easily related to that of
Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address during the Civil War at Arlington National
Cemetery. Indira Gandhi reminisces about the past, and how it defines India currently and
how freedom was attained by the Indian people similarly to Abraham Lincoln when he
reminisces about how the war has been going thus far. When Indira discusses India, she
means it to unify the people and the hardships the Indian people have faced and that they
owe it to their sacrifices to come in unison and become one regardless of their culture,
religion, lifestyle they all share the same past experiences. Indira also reassures the Indian
people that they are on the road towards greatness and harmony and she would not let
anything hinder that.
Gandhi, Indira. "Last Speech of Indira Gandhi." Speech, New Delhi, India, October 30, 1984.
This speech may be one of the most remembered and ingrained in the minds of Indians.
Not only is it Indira Gandhi's last speech to ever be recorded but it was flatly ironic and
foreshadowed her death the next morning. Indira's last words that summed up her
leadership of India had made the nearly perfect conclusion on her life. On the home page,
the last lines of Indira towards the public, "If i die today, every drop of my blood will
invigorate the nation," was placed as soon as one looks at the website. The reason being
is that her words proved that she did everything she did, made every decision she carried
out was due to her people and she felt as if she owed it to them and her last words were
selfless just like her life.
Gandhi, Indira. "True Liberation of Women." Speech, Inauguration Of The All-India Women's
Conference, New Delhi, India, March 26, 1980.
This speech is significant since it displays Indira Gandhi's attitude towards women in
India and how women so far have progressed in India. She appealed to a number of
notable women such as Aga Khan and Sarojini Naidu and presents a different viewpoint
on modern feminism. She compares her idea of feminism to Western idea of feminism
and presents the contrasts that exist and makes a point when she states that women should
pave their own path rather than following the same path as men. This speech was
embedded onto the website as well as a portion of the speech quoted to prove Indira's
legacy and development on how Indians perceive women and feminism especially in the
workforce as well as in education.
Gandhi, Indira, Smt. "Martin Luther King." Speech, New Delhi, India, January 24, 1969.
Indira Gandhi's speech on Martin Luther King Jr., who had passed away prior to her
address, displayed her ability to speak in front of crowds and the fact that she was able to
use her words so concisely that every word out of her mouth is able to perfectly grab the
attention of many. She appealed to the crowd in various manners, such as when she
alluded to Tagore and said several of his lines. She is truly inspirational.

Newspapers
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Nationalised Banks in India. Image. BanKing Awareness. September 11, 2011. Accessed January
28, 2015. http://www.bankingawareness.com/banking-gk/nationalised-banks-in-india/.
This is an image of a newspaper, Time of India, of Indira Gandhi, when she nationalized
the top 14 banks of India. This increased economic growth of India, as banks expanded
and grew rapidly.
Interviews
Kabir, Zobeda. Interview by Shirley Kabir. Springfield, VA. January 31, 2015.
Kabir provided her insight on the Iron Lady from a Bangladeshi's perspective. Her
gratitude towards Mrs. Gandhi is evident in her interview, she grew up knowing what the
late Prime Minister had done to stop the terrors in her country. She considers her a role
model among other things, and keeps her tab among the rest of the members of the
Nehru-Gandhi family, primarily Mrs. Sonia Gandhi, whom she sees Indira in.
Mehta, Pallavi. Interview by Shirley Kabir and Dorothy Adu-Amankwah. Springfield, VA.
January 31, 2015.
Pallavi Mehta is now living in America but was alive during the ministry of Indira
Gandhi. She attended the Republic Day Parade in 1988 when Rajiv Gandhi, Indira
Gandhi's eldest son, was the Prime Minister of India. Pallavi Mehta who saw most the
latter half of Indira Gandhi's policies believes that during the state of emergency that
Indira became blinded by power however she still regards her as a very strong and
determined woman.
Sidhu, Dilbagh. Interview by Shirley Kabir and Dorothy Adu-Amankwah. Springfield, VA. April
7, 2015.
Doctor Dilbagh Sidhu was Indira Gandhis personal doctor when he was an intern at a
hospital in Delhi. He provided insight on her thought process, why she did what she did
and how it impacted India today. He supported the conclusion that she did whatever she
did because it helped India, nothing else.
Shukla, Asha. E-mail interview by Shirley Kabir. February 25, 2015.
The interview with Asha Shukla provided insight on her political views and whether or
not she still supported Indian democracy and how Indira felt about democracy which is
crucial because many considered Indira as ruling an authoritarian government and going
against the will of the people. One of the quotes alluded by Asha was incorporated onto
the website, because it demonstrated the lasting views of Indira and how her and India
cannot be separated because India is nothing without Indira and vice versa.

Videos

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"Indira Gandhi Assassination 1984." MP4 video, 0:52. Youtube. Posted by Vicky Mudher, April
28, 2009. Accessed February 2, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=3jJAd3RL7_s.
This is a clip from the news broadcast, by ABC News, back in 1984 on the day when
Indira Gandhi died on her way to the hospital. It presents the loss India had suffered
through when it mentioned that a woman wailed "They have killed mother India, why not
kill us too?" The public was attached to Indira, as exemplified when she called Indira
"mother India", proving their respect and grief over the late Prime Minister.
"Indira Gandhi Crying Uncontrollably." MP4 video, 2:08. YouTube. Posted June 1, 2009.
Accessed January 31, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=djXK5u7ZlAI.
Indira Gandhi had an interview with a British reporter about her interference in the
Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971. She compared the situation of East Pakistan with the
holocaust, making it essential for her to support East Pakistan to prevent eradication of
the Bengali people.
Photos
Death Anniversary of Indira Gandhi. Photograph. Accessed December 17, 2014.
http://data1.ibtimes.co.in/en/full/192785/indira-gandhi-birth-anniversary.jpg.
To this day, Indira Gandhi remains an essential part of India's history and her legacy can
be seen throughout. This picture celebrating the anniversary of the death of Indira shows
how India still remembers her. It is located under the perception tab because it helped us
to analyze the the perspective of the country she ruled over, how they saw her as a leader.
Ewing Christian College, Alld. Photograph. Panoramio. 2008. Accessed January 2, 2015.
http://www.panoramio.com/photo/16584356.
Current image of Ewing Christian College where Feroze Gandhi, Indira Gandhi's
husband, Indira herself and her mother met. This image is located on the timeline of "A
Father's daughter." It helped us to further expand on the biography of Indira Gandhi.
Game, Cathryn. Anand Bhavan. Photograph. PBase. Accessed January 2, 2015.
http://www.pbase.com/cathryn/image/48526503/original.
This image depicts the house of Anand Bhavan, where Indira grew up. Looking at this
image, it helps one to see the lonely childhood Indira had to endure as the only child in
such a big house. Through the image, we learned about how Indira attained the
personality that she did, as in her pride and assertiveness because her family seemed to be
well off.

Hurlimann, Martin. Allahabad: On the Walls of the Fortress at Time of a Pilgrimage, Illustration.
Columbia. Accessed December 22, 2014.
http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1500_1599/akbar/allahabadfo
rt/allahabadfort.html.
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This is an image of Allahabad pre-independence of India. This presents the scenery that
was familiar to Indira during her childhood. Although it is not specifically located on a
specific location in the site, it helped us to analyze the childhood that Indira was in and
how her surroundings shaped her to be who she was.
Indira Gandhi. Photograph. Accessed December 7, 2015.
http://www.outlookindia.com/images/indira_gandhi_20080114.jpg.
This photo illustrates Indira Gandhi during or after the state of Emergency in India. In
this image, the strong, assertive and confident leader is not presented and instead we still
a leader that seems to be pained and regretful and it shows the impact that the state of
emergency had on Indira Gandhi both as a person and as a leader. It is fittingly located
under the state of emergency tab showing how sometimes in fear, people do things that
they come to regret at a later time.
Indira Gandhi. Photograph. JPG.
This image portrays Indira Gandhi as a model of Indian feminism during her time
illustrating how she was dressed in her traditional attire. The smile and the confidence
with which Indira presents herself helps one to analyze her personality and the role it
produced in her leadership. This image helped us to see the reasons how she became a
symbol for the women of India.
Indira Gandhi. Photograph. Blogspot. Accessed November 13, 2014.
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_sd7HgpLNG0k/TUxGJIFbGPI/AAAAAAAAAHc/IheLdy3cb
uU/s1600/indira%2B%25281%2529.jpg.
This image illustrates Indira Gandhi as the prime minister of India. In this context, she
can be seen as a very strong and determined woman which helped for us to analyze her
personalities as a leader but also this image provides a very stark contrast to the
descriptions of Indira Gandhi when she is not out in public. It is not located directly on
the website but helped us in our analysis
Indira Gandhi Campaigning. Photograph. Time. January 7, 1980.
http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2025424_2025993_20259
92,00.html.
This image transits from the State of Emergency that Indira dictated in 1975. In the year
of 1980, Indira Gandhi made her political comeback wanting her country to understand
once more her passion. She campaigned once more on a platform of abolishing poverty
as the country continued to be ravaged with poverty and hunger. This image is not
specifically located in the site but was used for the analysis of the economical aspect of
Indira's legacy.
Indira Gandhi with Father. Photograph. Blogspot. Accessed January 2, 2015.
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FKB4hD21AE/UAWSgUT4QMI/AAAAAAAAAW0/dE9VSlO5Ydc/s400/indira+gandhi+childho
od+pictures(1)js1472585.jpg.
This image illustrates the close relationship between Indira Gandhi and her father.
Analyzing the image along with available information, it can be seen that Indira Gandhi
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admired her father for his political activism and his role as the first prime-minister of
India. Indira's father also seemed to have been grateful for the daughter that assisted him
with his duties as Prime Minister since his wife, who was to take that role, was not
available.
Indira with Father. Photograph. Blogssport.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_sGOSS_6GPUM/TTBQ5b0XMuI/AAAAAAAABp4/WiPhmX
kUGKQ/s1600/2.jpg.
Building on the relationship of Indira Gandhi and her father, this photo illustrates Indira
and her father on a business trip abroad Jawaharlal Nehru became prime minister. This
image portrays Indira acting as her father's hostess, taking on the role that her mother was
supposed to perform. This image however also helps one to analyze how it was possible
for Indira to build her own political background during the time that she served as the
"First Lady" of India.
Indira with Gandhi. Photograph. Accessed January 2, 2015.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Gandhi_and_Indira_1924.jpg.
This photo show Indira Gandhi holding the hand of Mahatma Gandhi as a child showing
the close bondage that Indira formed with this influential political leader Mahatma
Gandhi was a very influential leader in the childhood of Indira inspiring her to the
peaceful protest of the Monkey Brigade. This image helped to analyze the political
influences Indira experienced in her life. Also, contrasting this analysis of this image with
future info, it can be seen how Indira Gandhi's peaceful approach sadly shifted in the later
years of her life as prime minister.
Little Indira with Her Father and Cousin. Photograph. Accessed December 2, 2014.
http://www.starsai.com/wp-content/uploads/indira-gandhi-father.jpg.
Indira Gandhi's relationship with her father really influenced her personality and her
political career. This image portrays how Indira Gandhi's relationship with her father was
constant from childhood. This was imperative in helping us to understand how in later
years even after the time Indira had married Feroze Gandhi and had birthed two kids,
Indira still chose to work with her father over her family showing how much she valued
him. This analysis in this project helps us to understand Indira's character of loyalty.

Nationalised Banks in India. Image. BanKing Awareness. September 11, 2011. Accessed January
28, 2015. http://www.bankingawareness.com/banking-gk/nationalised-banks-in-india/.
This is an image of Times of India, a newspaper that illustrates when Indira Gandhi
nationalized the top 14 banks of India. This increased economic growth of India, as banks
expanded and grew rapidly. Although the actual online or tangible newspaper could not
be attained, using this image helped to analyze the legacy that Indira Gandhi left behind
economically. This image is a primary source because the newspaper was published
during the time period of Indira Gandhi.

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Nation Mourns over Jawaharlal Nehru's Death. Photograph. India Today. July 2, 2007.
http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/jawaharlal-nehru-died-in-1964/1/155554.html.
This photo depicted how the death of Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi's father, deeply
impacted Indira Gandhi who had been following in his footsteps as the "first lady."
During this major turning point in 1964, people in parliament watched to see if Indira
Gandhi would break without her father's guidance. Although, not exactly used in the
website, it helped in the analysis of how her leadership should be divided into the two
categories on the site.
The Return of the Non-Aligned. Photograph. Giornalettismo. Accessed December 22, 2014.
http://www.giornalettismo.com/archives/461709/il-ritorno-dei-non-allineati/nehru/.
This is an image used under the subtitle "A Father's Daughter" as Indira accompanies her
father to his trip to the States. In analyzing the father-daughter pair, through this image it
was learned how their trips abroad helped Indira Gandhi to learn about the politics of
other nations as she watched in her father's shadow.
Smiling Indira Gandhi. Photograph. Accessed January 4, 2015. http://media-cacheec0.pinimg.com/736x/a7/92/ad/a792ad41d062401f3b6d22da93de07cc.jpg.
This photo depicts the image of Indira as she smiles, not for the political aspect of her life
but she is genuinely smiling. This helped in understanding the contrasting images of
Indira, the strong and stubborn political leader and the gentle and introverted woman.
Looking at this image, one can understand the magnetic personality that Indira had and
how she was able to leave such a major legacy in the hearts of the world.

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Secondary Sources
Books
Dasgupta, Shahana. Indira Gandhi the Story of a Leader. New Delhi, India: Rupa Publications,
2006. Google eBook.
This book entails the life of Indira Gandhi, told from the perspective of a teenage girl
who is asked to work on a project of Indira Gandhi. Reading this book, our admiration for
Indira grew as we understood how others viewed her. This book was not really for a
detailed discussion of the controversies regarding Indira Gandhi because it was made
primarily as a children's book to help understand the biography of Indira. This book also
provides information about Indira's mother and her and how they were involved in
helping the independence movement for India from Britain. Many quotes were derived
from this book which ties to the legacy of Indira and her remaining importance to the
Indian people.
Dommermuth-Costa, Carol. Indira Gandhi: Daughter of India. Lerner Biographies. N.p.: Lerner
Publications, 2001.
This book presents a detailed biography on the life of Indira Gandhi, from her childhood
to her assassination. It starts from her childhood discussing the influence of her father and
grandfather and then proceeds to talk about her education, her marriage, leading up to her
political career. In effectively understanding the topic of Indira, this book was resourceful
in helping to analyze the political influence in her background which helped us to build
our topic. Not only that, this source proved to be useful, as we sought to understand what
had made Indira the controversial political leader she became. This book was useful in
helping us to understand the leadership part of the theme as it was biographical and not so
much revealing much about the legacy Indira left behind.
Interviews
Tsarong, Tenzin. E-mail interview by Shirley Kabir and Dorothy Adu-Amankwah. Springfield,
VA. January 31, 2015.
Tenzin Tsarong, is a peer who lived in India for over half of her life. Although, she did
not live during the time period of Indira Gandhi and thus cannot serve as a firsthand
account, through the time she lived in India, she came to acquire a lot of information
about Indira Gandhi and the influence she had on the Indian nation, even doing a project
on her in fifth grade. Through this interview with Tenzin Tsarong, we learned once more
another perspective on Indira and how her character was seen in the eyes of others. This
interview helped us to analyze how someone who did not live under Indira's rule viewed
the decisions that Indira made which was effective in discussing the strength and
weakness that Indira had as a leader.

Websites
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Charlton, Linda. "Indira Gandhi." Heart Entertainment. Accessed January 2, 2015.


http://heartertainment.hpage.co.in/a-tribute-to-indira-gandhi_17142038.html.
This web page is a secondary source created by Linda Charlton who seems to have an
interest in Indira Gandhi. We analyzed this article not exactly for its historical accuracy
although we made sure that all the information were accurate but we focused on the
perspective the author had of Indira. Using this webpage helped us to solidify our
argument about Indira Gandhi because this author had a similar central idea on how
Indira seemed to have been born for politics and her contrasting personality in being
democratic but also authoritarian. Including the timeline of information from this site, we
also used the collection of pictures that was available extensively in the website. This
website will be categorized under secondary because although the images are primary,
the information was from a secondary source.
Popova, Maria. "Indira Gandhis Father on Power, Privilege, and Kindness: Letters to His 10Year-Old Daughter." Charter for Compassion. Accessed January 1, 2015.
http://www.brainpickings.org/2014/01/16/letters-from-a-father-to-his-daughter/.
Analyzing this webpage, the deep father and daughter relationship that existed between
Indira Gandhi and her father can be seen The author provides a description of the letters
that was exchanged between Indira Gandhi and her father, Jawaharlal Nehru, when she
was only ten years old. These letters helped to explain the political influence Indira's
father had on her as he prepared her to be a future leader in the Indian society. In this
letter, one can understand how Indira Gandhi was born to become a leader because even
at such young an age, her father was speaking to her with great respect, teaching her
values one would think should be reserved for an older audience. This was imperative in
helping us not only to understand the background that Indira was produced in but also to
contrast how she changed or did not change in her future years as prime minister. This
website is categorized as secondary because the author was not in existence at the time of
Indira's childhood however it provide a lot of primary sources such as images and
excerpts from the letters that were used in the website.
The Editors of Encyclopdia Britannica. "Indira Gandhi." Encyclopdia Britannica. Last
modified October 28, 2014. Accessed December 22, 2014.
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/225198/Indira-Gandhi.
Encyclopedia Britannica is a source that provides general information as a stepping stone
to more detailed research. Using this source, we obtained information such as the date of
birth, place of birth of Indira Gandhi as well as other important facts about her life, such
as her family, background, etc. Knowing and understanding such biographical
information helped us to analyze the factors that shaped her personality and in turn her
leadership. We learned through this source the character of the childhood and the family
that surrounded Indira as she grew up which would help to explain some of the
characteristics she portrayed in later years as well as the reasons to some of the decisions
she made in her political career.
"Indira Gandhi." Last modified January 1, 2001. Accessed December 2, 2015.
http://elibrary.bigchalk.com/elibweb/elib/do/document?
set=search&dictionaryClick=on&secondaryNav=&groupid=1&requestid=lib_standard&r
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esultid=4&edition=&ts=A134B56E248413F3EB5032E9A7179809_1422828464442&sta
rt=1&publicationId=&urn=urn%3Abigchalk%3AUS%3BBCLib%3Bdocument
%3B48822958.
E-library is a reputable source through which a detailed biography of Indira Gandhi was
obtained. Starting out without any pre-knowledge of Indira, this source helped to serve as
an intro to understanding who Indira Gandhi was in regards to her childhood, marriage
and political career. As more research was done and we understand more information of
Indira Gandhi, this source helped in the leadership aspect of the theme as her political
achievements is detailed in the source beginning from her role as first lady to joining the
Indian National Congress. This source was useful to analyze the roles that Indira Gandhi
played in her leadership before and after she became prime minister. We learned through
this the decisions that Indira Gandhi made as a leader which led to analyzing why she
made those decisions.
"Indira Gandhi." About Education. Accessed December 17, 2014.
http://asianhistory.about.com/od/india/p/Biography-of-Indira-Gandhi.htm.
About Education is an interesting everyday source that is not exactly of academic
prestige. This article gives an overview about the life of Indira Gandhi from her early life
through her assassination. The audience of this article is a general audience thus it proved
to be useful in gaining quick information that helped us to formulate our own opinions.
Also apart from the historical information that was provided, interesting stories were
intercepted that helped us to better understand the character of Indira. It is useful in
getting another perspective to contrast against the other biographies of Indira Gandhi.
Through this website, we learned about the leadership of Indira in a historical way and
the legacy that she left behind.
"John Kenneth Galbraith Quotes." Brainy Quotes. Accessed December 11, 2014.
http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/j/john_kenneth_galbraith.html.
John Kenneth in a quote defined the essence of leadership as in how all the great leaders
of the world were. Seeing as to how this quote perfectly fit Indira in how she was able to
confront the troubles of her country especially in the State of Emergency that occurred.
We learned through this quote how to define what leadership which in turn helped us to
characterize and analyze how Indira Gandhi was a leader.

Kamat, Viskas. "Indira Gandhi." Kamat Potpurri. Last modified May 28, 2006.
http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/itihas/indira_gandhi.htm.
This web page on Indira Gandhi is set up in a way that proved to be helpful to as we
began our research. This breaks up information about Indira Gandhi into specific subtitles
IRON LADY OF INDIA: INDIRA GANDHI

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making it easy to quickly find what you need. It also includes pictures of Indira Gandhi.
From this author's perspective they wanted to project an objective point of view but they
portrayed their viewpoint on how they saw the courageous leadership of Indira. Through
this site, which mostly focused on the leadership of Indira, we learned about how Indira
Gandhi rose up in politics through her participation in the Indian National Congress, how
she was chosen to be prime minister and the decisions that she made as prime minister.
This webpage was helpful to the project in that it helped us to analyze the leadership of
Indira. The different roles that she played, how effective she was a prime minister and her
decisions in the state of emergency.
Mondal, Puja. "Suggestions to Overcome the Limitations of Green Revolution in India." Your
Article Library. Accessed January 28, 2015. http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/greenrevolution/suggestions-to-overcome-the-limitations-of-green-revolution-in-india/4794/.
This article is created by a source that understand the Green Revolution that was built up
during Indira Gandhi's term as prime minister. The source describes the limitations of the
Green Revolution and includes an image of South Indian women farming, which is used
on the website on the page of economical legacy. Through this source, limitations of the
green revolution which are more like suggestions are described in an attempt to improve
the agricultural economy of India and spread it to all parts of the country. This source was
effective in helping to understand the legacy aspect of the theme and how Indira Gandhi
led helped to improve the economy of India which can still be felt in today's times.
"Prime Minister of India." Elections.in. Last modified August 8, 2014. Accessed January 2, 2015.
http://www.elections.in/government/prime-minister.html.
This website helps to understand the role of the Prime minister of India and the duties
that he or she has in parliament. To be able to understand the role that Indira Gandhi was
to take after becoming prime minister and how she was supposed to lead her country, one
must understand what a prime minister is to do. Thus after understand who a prime
minister is and the role that he or she is supposed to perform, it helped us to analyze
whether Indira Gandhi was an effective leader or not. This helped us to determine that
Indira was indeed an excellent leader going above and beyond as a destined leader for her
country.
Prince-Groff, Claire. Twentieth-Century Women Political Leaders. Global Profiles. N.p.: Facts on
File, Inc., 1998.
This web page on influential political women had a brief biography of Indira Gandhi as a
woman who has held political leadership in India. It detailed useful information about
significant sections of Indira Gandhis life that helped us to analyze both her leadership
and the legacy that she left behind. Despite being a secondary source, it provided many
useful quotes that was used in the website.
Steinberg, Blema S. "Indira Gandhi: The Relationship between Personality Profile and
Leadership Style." Political Psychology 26, no. 5 (October 5, 2005): 755-89.
This included Indira Gandhi's personality type and provided a complete analysis on how
her personality connected with her leadership, and the most prominent traits that she
IRON LADY OF INDIA: INDIRA GANDHI

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acquired since childhood and throughout her lifetime: self-serving, reserved, inhibited,
oppositional, and controlling. This also explains where and when she demonstrated each
of these traits as a leader. This website was significant in helping us to understand the
strength and weaknesses that Indira exhibited during her leadership.
Articles (Digital)
Buncombe, Andrew. "Indira Gandhi: The Earth Is Still Shaking After the Killing of India's
'Mighty Oak.'" The Independent. Last modified April 14, 2013. Accessed May 10, 2015.
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/indira-gandhi-the-earth-is-still-shakingafter-the-killing-of-indias-mighty-oak-8572506.html.
A recent article about the devastation of India, more specifically New Delhi, after the
death of Indira Gandhi. The reference to the mighty oak is repetitive and is mentioned
on the website because it was common for Indians to consider Indiras death as what
shook India as a whole. The image provided by the article is used on the website to
present the destruction, chaos, and violence that occurred in 1984.
Corbridge, Stuart. "The Political Economy of Development in India since Independence."
London School of Economics and Political Science Research Online. Last modified
2009. Accessed May 11, 2015.
http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/20381/1/The_political_economy_of_development_in_India_since
_independence_(author_final).pdf.
This article is an essay that analyzes the beginning of the trend of economic growth in
India since the Independence. Through this source, the economy of India was dissected
before and after the rule of Indira helping us to understand impact that Indira Gandhi
made. Also, this site made note of an important fact about the comparison often made
between Indira and her father and how it is sometimes made note by people that Indira's
father was a better leader however the significant information provided by this site
illustrated the India that Indira had to preside over and how things were different from
Nehru's time. This article will be used for economical legacy page.

Dummett, Mark. "Bangladesh war: The article that changed history." BBC News. Last modified
December 16, 2011. Accessed May 11, 2015. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia16207201.
This article tells the story of the war for Bangladesh Independence through how a
Pakistani reporter wrote about the atrocities being committed by Pakistan in the Sunday
times, a British newspaper. Through the article written by the reporter, the world came to
know about the war going which led to Indira Gandhi making it a personal commitment
IRON LADY OF INDIA: INDIRA GANDHI

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to help out in the war. The Bangladesh war is a significant part of Indira Gandhis legacy
and thus this source was influential in helping to understand and see how she was
important in the war.
Habib, Haroon. "Bangladesh Salutes Indira Gandhi." The Hindu. Last modified July 24, 2011.
Accessed January 29, 2015. http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/bangladesh-salutesindira-gandhi/article2290625.ece.
India's role in the war was distorted and Gandhi was made the villain by those who ruled
Bangladesh for 40 years, after the death of its first prime minister. Prime Minister of
Bangladesh, Sheikh Hasina, daughter of the late Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (Father of
Bangladesh), set the country's viewpoint straight by giving not one, but two posthumous
awards to Indira Gandhi in gratitude for her extraordinary efforts during their war for
independence.
Hankla, Charles Robert. "Party Linkages and Economic Policy: An Examination of Indira
Gandhis India." Business and Politics, o.s., 8, no. 3 (2006): 1-22. Accessed May 11,
2015. DOI:10.2202/1469-3569.1162.
Hankla developed this article in discovery of the relations between Indira Gandhis
economic policies and her increase control over the private sector alongside her support
and the stability of the support that the Indian National Congress had in the government.
It also proved that Indira Gandhi went against what was frequently occuring or believed
in history - democratic institutions take a hands off approach towards the economy and
follow the laissez-faire policy. Several excerpts were used on the Economical Legacy
tab.
Jagannathan, R. "Growth: How Indira, Sonia Compounded Nehru's Mistake." F. Business. Last
modified December 14, 2012. Accessed May 11, 2015.
http://www.firstpost.com/business/economy/growth-how-indira-sonia-compoundednehrus-mistake-557127.html.
This article debates whether the slow growth of India is to be blamed on a Nehruvian
legacy (being the legacy of Nehru) or a Gandhian legacy (being the legacy of Indira
Gandhi and Sonia Gandhi). It compares the economic strategies used by Nehru and the
ones used by Gandhi. It argues that Nehru is not to be blamed for India's poverty because
he based his decisions on the only model he had but Indira Gandhi had other models that
she could have based on. This article helped us to analyze the effectiveness of Indira
Gandhi's legacy. This article will be used for economical legacy page
Media Wiki. "Indira Gandhi." Conservapedia. Accessed May 11, 2015.
http://www.conservapedia.com/Indira_Gandhi.
Conservapedia is a more educated version of Wikipedia in providing accurate
information. In this particular article, it provides a biography of Indira Gandhi dividing it
into subtitles that make it easily to find the necessary information about Indira that is
needed. Through this article, we learned about the political career of Indira and the
decisions that she made in terms of foreign and domestic policy This article helped us in
analyzing both the leadership and the legacy of Indira, especially the economical legacy.
IRON LADY OF INDIA: INDIRA GANDHI

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The H. W. Wilson Company. "Gandhi, Indira." Current Biography (Bio Ref Bank). Last modified
1966. http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?sid=c3f55a39-3e48-474a-9e8f1c1d84571e78%40sessionmgr4003&vid=0&hid=4114&bdata=JmF1dGh0eXBlPWNvb2t
pZSxjcGlkJmN1c3RpZD1zNDEzMjE0NiZzaXRlPWVob3N0LWxpdmU
%3d#db=cbi&AN=203031313.
This article is a very detailed biography of Indira Gandhi beginning from her childhood
to her assassination. This source was useful in finding out specific information about the
social and political life of Indira. Through this source, we were able to analyze how the
background of Indira Gandhi affected her personality, her leadership and later the
decisions that she made in her prime minister year. This source was also influential in
providing many useful historic information that was displayed on the leadership page.
"India." World History: The Modern Era. Accessed January 2, 2015. http://worldhistory.abcclio.com/Search/Display/317262?terms=prime+minister+of+india.
This article gives a general overview about India. It is not very useful to find specific
information about Indira Gandhi in her leadership or legacy but it allows one to have a
context of time and the situation going on around the time before and after Indira was
prime minister. In understanding this, it helped us to analyze how effective Indira Gandhi
was as a leader in being able to shape her country.
"Indira Gandhi." Historic World Leaders. Accessed January 2, 2015.
http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/bic1/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?
failOverType=&query=&prodId=BIC1&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&displa
yquery=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&u=westspringfield1&cu
rrPage=&disableHighlighting=true&displayGroups=&sortBy=&source=&search_within
_results=&p=BIC1&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE
%7CK1616000226.
This is a very detailed article that describes the political life of Indira Gandhi. It is very
useful in learning more about the leadership that Indira exhibited in her lifetime and the
background of how she became an extremely influential leader in the world. It also
includes a timeline of Indiras political career beginning from when she joined the Indian
National Congress to when she was assassinated thus ending her leadership. This source
was very helpful in analyzing the leadership aspect of the theme and helping us to form
our argument about Indira Gandhi.
"Indira Gandhi." World History: The Modern Era. Accessed January 2, 2015.
http://worldhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/314688?terms=Indira+Gandhi.
This article is a general biography on the life of Indira Gandhi. As we began in the early
stages of research, this source was influential in helping us to create a thesis and to
understand Indira Gandhi overall. Using this source, we were able to analyze Indira
Gandhi's leadership through historical information that was available. This source helped
us to understand the leadership potions that Indira Gandhi took before becoming prime
minister and to learn the about how Indira led the Indian nation.

IRON LADY OF INDIA: INDIRA GANDHI

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Linda Charlton. "Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to
Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India." The New York Times. Last modified November
1, 1984. Accessed January 4, 2015.
http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/1119.html.
This article is an amazingly detailed report about the both the biography of Indira Gandhi
and her political career. However, it is majorly focused on the decisions she made during
her political life and how she changed the country of India both in foreign relations and
domestically. It also dissects her autocratic rule during the state of emergency she
declared.
Padmanabhan, Anil. "Indira Gandhis Legacy of Economic Reforms." Live Mint. Last modified
October 26, 2009. Accessed May 11, 2015.
http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/9ZohBzUZlRX0qJcR1iTZeP/Indira-Gandhi8217slegacy-of-economic-reforms.html.
This article was significant in helping us to understand the economical legacy of Indira
Gandhi. This article can be backed up with Stuart Cobridge's essay on the "Political
Economy of Development in India since Independence" which helped us to understand
how the growth of India's economy began with the trend in 1980-1981 during the
leadership of Indira Gandhi. It can also be used to defend against one of the sources that
stated that the blame of India's poverty could be laid on Indira who deliberately followed
a wrong model. This source was very significant in helping us to understand the legacy
that Indira Gandhi left behind during her rule as prime minister which in turn helped to
understand the effectiveness of her leadership.
Rajgarhia, Mahak. "39 Years On, 7 Things You Need to Know about Emergency Imposed by
Indira Gandhi." DNA. Last modified June 25, 2014. Accessed January 10, 2014.
http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-39-years-on-7-things-you-need-to-know-aboutemergency-imposed-by-indira-gandhi-1997782.
DNA is a source that we have found to be helpful in our website because it provides
quick and easy to understand information. In this particular article, the state of emergency
that was imposed by Indira is dissected. We learned through this website the events
preceding the incident, the events during and the events after the State of Emergency.
This helped to really clarify what happened. The state of emergency which is a very
controversial topic regarding the leadership of Indira Gandhi is important to understand
and analyze in order to help us for a judgement about Indira and thus a thesis and this
website was significant in doing so. This website is classified as secondary because it is
not a firsthand account of the incident.
Singh, Harleena. "Impact of Green Revolution on the Food Security of India." Axe Words,
August 4, 2009. Accessed May 16, 2015. http://www.axewords.com/article/37-impact-ofgreen-revolution-on-the-food-security-of-india.html.
Singh provided various points and results of Indira Gandhi's wise decision to implement
the Green Revolution. Singh also discussed the background of India's agricultural
economy, and the impacts of the Bengal Famine as well as the Independence of India.
She depicted the area of results of the Green Revolution, such as political impacts,
sociological, as well as economic impacts and clarified that it made Indira credible due to
IRON LADY OF INDIA: INDIRA GANDHI

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the positive results of the Green Revolution and how jobs were created and in what
sectors.
Sulakshi Thelikorala, Dr. "Indira Gandhi: Iron Lady of India." Sunday Times. Last modified
November 20, 2011. Accessed January 2, 2015.
http://www.sundaytimes.lk/111120/Timestwo/int015.html.
This article from Sunday times glimpses the whole life of Indira Gandhi. It gives a
different, more personal perspective of Indira Gandhi making it a good cross reference
for other sources. Through this website, we learned about how Indira was the first woman
to lead a democracy and the process through which she came to this position. This article
detailed a bit about Indira's leadership skills in how she wanted India to be able to stand
on its own without needing the support of other countries. This helped in analyzing the
leadership of Indira Gandhi in how she controlled her country.
Documentaries
"Operation Blue Star 1984 - BBC Documentary." WAV video, 59:16. YouTube. Posted by Sonia
Deol, October 25, 2015. Accessed March 1, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=ykcvlKz8JoY.
This documentary presented by BBC provided an abundance of information about the
incident at the Golden Temple of Amritsar and provided different viewpoints from the
victims, such as those who were present at the temple as well as the general, Kuldip
Singh Brar. While doing that, the documentary goes in depth by presenting the effects of
the incident and the violence that struck India and provided an interview with the young
Sikhs and the wife of Satwant Singh, who murdered Indira Gandhi, and his children. Not
only that, but the video talks about the impacts of Indira Gandhi's assassination and how
the Sikhs were in constant danger and they would never be safe again because of the
violence rooted by the Hindus who resented the Sikh population due to the loss of their
favored leader.

IRON LADY OF INDIA: INDIRA GANDHI

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"The Truth about Indira Gandhi - BBC Report." WAV video, 3:32. Website. Posted February 6,
2014. Accessed March 21, 2015.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mfV8FIP-Z8Y.
This BBC documentary was reported by Michael Sullivan. A clip of the video was used
under the State of Emergency tab and provided a visual, which is very rare during the
year time period due to the fact that all media was censored during the declare of
Emergency by Indira Gandhi. It did shine negative light on Indira, but it rose back up to
defend and cherish her when she won elections even after she declared the emergency. It
summarized crucial aspects of her life as well as her death and one statement mentioned
in the documentary presented Indira in a different type of light "[there is no difference
between dying lying down or standing up]" making it obvious to the audience that she
knew she was going to die and she was willing to die for her country.
Thesis
Green, Josclyn C. "Indira Gandhi: Indias Destined Leader." Master's thesis, State University of
New York, 2013. Accessed May 13, 2015.
http://digitalcommons.buffalostate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
article=1022&context=history_theses.
This historical thesis is divided up into four chapters, each of which similarly resembles
to the format of the website, beginning with her infancy and childhood then her life
before prime minister; the last two chapters consisted of her role as prime minister of
India, the third being her first several consecutive terms which were prior to the State of
Emergency and the fourth was from the State of Emergency up to her death. This thesis
assesses her reign as one of the most prominent leaders in the world. This thesis helped
greatly with pinpointing her strengths and her life before becoming prime minister and
proved that she did not want to assume the position and succeed her father as head-ofstate but she inherently could not let India go and let it be ruled by other single handedly.

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