11.

19 draw the propjections of a square payramid of base 40 side and axis 70 long ,when
the solid lies with one of its salnt edges on H.P. and the vertical plane passing through that
slant edge and axis makes 300 with V.P.
11.20 A pentagonal payramid, with side od base 30 and axis 75 long, has an edge of the
base on H.P. and inclined at 300 to V.P. The triangluar face containing that edge makes an
angle of 450 with H.P. Draw the projections of the solid.
11.21 A hexagon pyarmid, with side of base 25 and axis 60 long, has an edge of its base on
V.P. its axis in inclined at 300 to V.P. and parellel to H.P. draw the proejctions of the solid.
11.22 a pentagonal pyramid, with side of base 25 and axis 70 long, has a corner of the base
on H.P. Its axis is inclined at 300 to H.P. and parellel to V.P. Draw the proejctions of the solid.
11.23 a pentagonal pyramid, with base 35 side and height 70, rests on one edge of its base
on H.P. The heights point in the base is 25 abvoe H.P. Draw its projections, when the axis is
parallel to V.P. Draw another front view, on a refernce line inclined at 45 0 to the edge on
whcih it is resting, so that the base is visible.
11.24 A pentagonal pyramid, with side of base 30 and height 75, has one of its triangluar
faces perpendicular to H.P. and inclined at 450 to V.P. Draw the proejctios of the solid, when
the base side pf the tiagnluar face is one on H.P.
11.25 A pentagoanl pyramid, with side of base 35 and axis 60 long, has a trianglar face onn
H.P. and the edge of the base contained by that face makes an angle of 300 with V.P. Draw its
proejctions.
11.26 A hexagonal pyramid, with side of base 25 and axis 60 long, is resting on a triangular
face on H.P. A vertical plane passing through this edge and the axis is inclined at 45 0 to V.P.
Draw the projections of the solid, when the base is nearer to the obsrver.
11.27 A square pyramid, with side of base 40 and axis 50 long, is resting on a triangluar face
on H.P. such that, a slant edge containing that face is parallel to V.P. Draw the projections of
the solid.
11.28 A hexagonal pyramid, with side of base 30 and axis 75 long, has an edge of he base
on V.P. such that, a slant edge containing that face is parallel to V.P. Draw the proejctions of
the solid.
11.29 Draw the proejctions of a tetrahedron of side 60, when it is resting on H.P. on one of its
faces, with an edge of its face(i) inclined at 450 to V.P (ii) parallel to V.P. and (iii) inclined at
600 to V.P.
11.30 A tetrahedron of 85 edge, has an edge on H.P. and inclined at 45 0 to V.P. while the face
containing that edge is vertical. Draw its proejctions.
11.31 A tetrahedron of edge 50, rests with one of its edges on H.P. such that, the vertical
plane containing that edge and the centre of gavity of the solid makes 450 with Draw the
proejctions.
11.32 An octahedron of 30 side, ahs a face on V.P. with an edge of that face inclined at 45 0 to

H.P. Draw the proejctions of the solid.

11.33 Draw the proejctions of an octahedron of side 30, with one of its faces parallel to H.P.
ans a side of that face inclined at 200 to V.P.
11.34 Draw the proejctions of an octahdron of side 40, when one of its axes is vertical and
one of the horizontal edges is making an angle of 300 with V.P.
11.35 A square pyramid of base edge 30 and altitude 40, has one f its axes is slant faces in
the V.P. and of the edge of the base contained by that face is inclined at 45 0 to H.P. Draw the
projections of the pyramid, when the vertex is in the H.P.
11.36 A reactngular pyramid of 25 X 40 sides of base and 40 height, rests on one of the
longer edges of its base on H.P. and the trianglar face containing that edge is perpendicular
to both H.P. and V.P. Draw the proejctions of the pyramid.
Cylinders
11.37 Draw the proejctions of a cyclinder of diameter 75 and length 100, lying on H.P. with
axis inclcined at 300 to V.P.
11.38 A cylinder of diameter 60 and axis 70 long, is having its axis inclined at 45 0 to V.P. and
300 to H.P. Draw its projections.
11.39 A Cylindrical bolier is 2 m in diameter and has a cylindrical dome of 0.8 m diameter
and 0.6 m high. The axis of the done intrsects the axids of the bolier. Draw three views of
the arrangements.
Cones
11.41 Draw the proejctions of a cone of base 60 diameter and axis 70 long, resting on a
point of rim of the base on H.P, with a generator perpendicular to H.P. The plane containing
the axis and the generator is parallel to V.P. Draw the proejctions of the cone.
11.42 Draw the proejctions of a cone of 100 height and 75 diameter, resting on one of its
generators on H.P. and its axis lies in a vertical plane, inclined at 30 0 to V.P.
11.43 Three cones, each of base 50 diameter and axis 80 long, are resting on their bases on
H.P. such that, each touching the other two. A sphere of 45 diameter is placed centrally
between the cones. Determine the height of the centre of the sphere from H.P.
11.44 A cone of base 50 diameter and axis 80 long, has one of its generators on V.P. and
inclined at 300 to H.P. draw the three views of the cone.
11.45 A thin shade is in the form of a cone, the ends of which are 80 and 160 diamter and
the vertical height is 150. It rests on H.P. on a point of its larger end, with the axis inclined at
400 to H.P. and 300 to V.P. The smaller end of the shade is nearer to V.P. Draw the proejction of
the shade.
11.46 Draw the views of a cone, base 50 diameter and axis 75 long, having one of its
generators in V.P. and inclined at 300 to H.P. the apex being in H.P.

11.47 Draw the proejctions of a cone of base 60 diameter and axis 70 long, resting on a
generator on V.P. and inclined at 450 to H.P.
Oblique Solids
11.48 An oblique pentagonal prism, with edge of base 30 and 80 long, has its base on H.P.
The axis makes an angle of 450 with the base and parallel to V.P. Draw the proejctions, when
one of its sides is perpendicular to V.P.
11.49 An oblique hexagonal pyramid , with edge of base 25 and 65 long, has its base
parallel to V.P. and an edge of the base perpendicular to H.P. The axis makes 60 0 with the
base and parallel to H.P. Draw the proejctions.

SECTIONS OF SOLIDS
CHAPTER- 12
1. A cube of 40 edge, is resting on H.P. on one of its edges, with a face parallel to V.P. One of
the facrs containing the resting edge is inclined at 30 0 to H.P. The solid is cut by a section
plane, parallel to H.P. and 10 above the axis. Draw the proejctions of the remaining solid.
2. A Pentagonal pyramid, with side of base 30 and aixs 60 long, is resting with its base on
H.P. and one of the edgs of its base is pendicular to V.P. It is cut by a section plane, parallel
to H.P. and passing through the axis at point 35 above the base. Draw the projections of the
remaining solid.
3. A triangular prism of base 30 side and axis 50 long, is lying on H.P. on one of its
reactangular faces, with its ais inclined at 300 to V.P. It is cut by a section plane, parallel to
H.P. and at a distance of 12 above H.P. Draw the front and sectional top view.
4. A cone with base 60 diameter and x 75 long, is resting on its base on H.P. It is cut by a
section plane parallel to H.P. and passing thtough the mid-point of the axis Draw the
proejctions of the cut solid.
5. Figure 12.6a shows the proejections of a cone, with the front view p' of a point P and top
view q of a point Q. Locate the top view of the point P and front view of the point Q.
6. A cylinder of 40 diamter and axis 55 long, stands vertically with its base on H.P. It is cut by
a section plane, parallel to V.P and passes at a distance of 10 from the axis. Draw the
projections of the retaned solid.
7. A tetrahedron of side 50, is resting on H.P. on one of its faces, with an angle of it parallel
to V.P. ann away from it. A section plane cuts it, parallel to V.P. and at a distance of 10 fro the
apex. Draw the proejctions of the reatined solid.
8. A Pentagonal pyaramid of side of base 35 and axis 50 long, stands with its base on H.P.
such that, one of the base edges is perpendicular to V.P. A section plane parallel to V.P. cuts
the solid at a distance of 15 from the corner of the base whcih is nearer to the oberver. Draw
the top and sectional front views of the cut solid.

9. A cube of side 40, is resting on H.P. on one of its faces, with a vertical face inclined at 30 0
to V.P. It is cut by a section plane inclined at 450 to H.P. and passing through the axis at 8
from the top surface. Draw the proejctions of the solid and also show the true shape of the
section.
10. A pentagonal prism of edge of base 30 and axis 60 long, is resting on one of its faces on
H.P. The axis of the prism is parallel to both H.P. and V.P. it is cut by a section plane, inclined
at 450 to H.P. and passing thriugh the axis at 10 from one base. Draw the proejctions and
show the true shape of the section.
11. A hexagonal pyramid of side base 30 and axis 60 long, is resting on its base on H.P. with
and edge of the base perpendicular to V.P. It is cut by a sedtion plane. inclined at 30 0 to H.P.
and passing through the axis at 20 fromn the base. Draw the three views of the solid and
obtain the true shape of the section.
12. A cylinder of 45 diameter and 70 long, is resting on one of its bases on H.P. It is cut by a
section plane, inclined at 600 with H.P. and passing through a point on the axis at 15 from
one end. Draw the three views of the solid and also obtain the true shape of the section.
13. A cone with diameter of base 50 and axis 60 long, is resting on its base on H.P. It is cut
by a section plane, inclined at 450 to H.P. and passing through the axis at a point 35 above
H.P. Draw the projections of the cut solid.
14. A hexagonal prism of side of base 25 and axis 60 long, is resting on its base on H.P. such
that, an edge of the base is parallel to V.P. It is cut by a section plane, inclined at 45 0 to V.P.
and 10 away from the axis. Draw the projections of the solid. Also, otain an auxiliary front
View, showing the true shape of the secion.
15. A pentagonal pyramid with edge of base 25 and axis 65 long, is resting on H.P. on its
base with an edge nearer to the oberver, parallel to V.P. It is cut by a section plane, inclined
at 600 to V.P. and at distnace of 6 from the axis. Draw the proejctions and obtain the true
shape of the section.
16. A cone of base 60 diameter and axis 70 long, is resting on its base on H.P. is cut by a
section planel, inclined at 600 to V.P. and 10 away from its axis. Drw the proejctions of the
cut solid and obtain the true shape of the section.
17.A hexagonal pyramid of side of base 25 and axis 60 long, is resting on its base on H.P.
with an edge of the base parallel to V.P. A section plane perpnedicualr to both H.P. and V.P.
cuts the solid, 5 away fromm the axis. Draw the sectional side view of the cut solid.
18. A cone of base 40 diameter and axis 50 long is resting on its base on H.P. It is cut by a
section plane perpendicular to both H.P. and V.P. and 5 away from the axis. Draw the
sectional side view of the cut solid.
19. A hollow cylinder with outside diameter 50. axis 75 long and 10 thick. has its axis
inclined to H.P. at 450 and parallel to V.P. It is cut by a section plane, parallel to H.P. and
paerpendicular to V.P. and passing through the mid-point of the axis. Draw the sectional top
view.
20. A hexagonal prism of side of base 30 and 70 height, has a concentric tappered circular

hole. The diameter of the hole at the top is 25 and at the bottom 45. The solid is resting on
its base on H.P. with an edge of the base parallel to V.P. The V.T of the section plane is
inclined at 600 to H.P. and bisects the axis. Draw the proejctions and obtain the true shape of
the section.
21. A cube of edge 60, stands vertically on H.P. such that, its vertical faces are equally
inclined to V.P. A section plane, perpendicular to V.P. and inclined to H.P. cuts the solid in
such a way that the true shape of the section is an equilateral triangle of 60 side Draw the
projections, true shape of the section and determine the inclnation of the section plane with
H.P.
22. A cube of 50 edge, rests on o ne face on H.P, with its vertical faces equally inclined to
V.P. It is cut by a section plnae. perpendiculr to V.P, producing a larga rhombus. Draw the
projections, true shape of the section and determine the inclination of the section plane
with H.P.
23. A cominaton of a solid is composed of a ha lf cone and a half hexagonal pyramid. The
side of the hexagon is 30 and the length of the solid is 75. The sold is resting on is base on
H.P, with its common diagonal of the base, perpendicular to V.P. It is cut by a section plane.
bisecting the axis. The V.T of the section plane is inclined at 450 to H.P. Draw the proejctions
and determine the true shape of the section.
24. A hexagonal prism of side of base 30 and length of axis 75, is resting on a corner of its
base on H.P. with the longer edge containing that corner, inclined to H.P. at 30 0 It is cut by a
section plane parallel to H.P. and passing through the mid-point of the axis. Draw the front
and sectional top views of the solid.
25. A penata gonal pyramid of side of base 25 and 50 height, rests on a triangular face on
H.,P. with its axis parallel to V.P. It is cut by a horizontal section plane, besecting the axis.
Draw the proejctions of the retained solid.
26. A cone of base 40 diameter and axis 55 long, lies on one of the sectional top view.
H.P.with its axis parallel to V.P. A horizontal plane, bisects the axis of the cone. Draw the
proejctions of the retained portion of the solid.
27. A triangular prism of side of base 25 and 65 long, rests on a corner of the base on H.P.
with the base inclined at 600 to H.P. and a reactngular face perpendicular to V.P. A section
plane perpendicular to H.P. and inclined at 300 to V.P, bisects the axis of the prism. Draw the
proejctions and determine the true shape of the section.
28. A penatagonal prism of side of base 30 and axis 60 long, rests with one of its
reractngular faces on H.P. with its axis inclined at 30 0 to V.P. A section plane parallel to V.P.
cuts th solid into two halves. D raw the proejctions of the solid.
29. A cylinder of 50 diameter ans axis 70 long, lies on H.P. on one its generators such that,
thataxis is inclined at 450 to V.P. A section plane parallel to V.P. passes thri\ough the farthest
point of the visible base from the observer. Draw the projections of the cut solid.
30. A cone of base 50 diameter and axis 60 long, stands with its base on H.P. A section plane
parallel to V.P. cuts the solid at 12 from the axis. Draw the proejctions of the sectioned solid.

31. A square pyramid of base 40 side and axis 30 long, rests with its base on H.P. with all the
edges of the base equally inclined to V.P. It is cut by a section plane inclined at 60 0 to H.P.
ans passing through a point on the axis at 30 front the apex. Draw the three views of the cut
solid.
32. A reactngukar block of size 60 X 40 X 40, has a reactngular hole 40 X 20, cut centrally
through it. It rests on its base on H.P. A section plane inclined at 45 0 to H.P. passes throgugh
the top end of the axis. Draw the front view, sectional top view and the true shape of the
section.
33. A hexagonal pyramid of side of base 30 and axis 75 long, is resting on its base on H.P,
with an edge of the base parallel to V.P. It is cut by two section planes, meeting the axis at a
height of 30 fron the base. One of the section planes is parallel to H.P. and the other in
inclined to H.P. at 450 and leans upwards. Draw the three views of the solid.
34. A cylinder of 50 diameter and 70 long, is lying on H.P. on one of its generators such
that, the axis is parallel to both H.P. and V.P. A section plane inclined at 30 0 to H.P. passes
through the mid-point of the axis. Draw the proje ctions of the solid and show the true shape
of the section.
35. A cone of base 50 diameter and 60 height, is resting on its base on H.P. It is cut by a
section plane such that, the true shape produced is parabola of base 40. Locate the V.T. of
the section plane and draw the proejctions of the solid.
36. A cone of base 75 diameter and axis 75 long, is resting on it base on H.P. The cone is cut
by two inclined section planes. intersecting the axis at 25 above the base. The plane makes
300 and 450 with the base. Draw the three views of the solid.
37. A hexagonal prism with side of base 30 and axis 70 long, rests on a corner of its base on
H.P. with the axis inclined to H.P. at 300 and parallel to V.P. It is cut by a vertical section plane,
inclined at 300 to V.P. and passing through the axis at 20 from one end. Draw the proejctions
of the solid.
38. A hexagonal pyramid of side of base 25 and axis 60 long, rests on a triangular face on
H.P. with its axis parallel to V.P. A section plane inclined at 30 0 to V.P. Intersects the axis at
25 from the apex of the pyramid. Draw the proejctions of the cut solid and show tthe true
shape of the section.
39. A cylinder of 50 diameter and 70 long, resting on H.P. with its axis inclined at 30 0 to H.P.
and parallel to V.P. A Section plane inclined at 450 to V.P, passes through the axis at 25 from
one end of it. Draw the proejctions of the solid.
40. A cone of bae 60 diameter and axis 70 long, is lying on one of its generators on H.P. with
its axis parallel to V.P. A vertical section plane, parallel to the extreme generator, bisects the
axis. Draw the proejctions of the cut solid and show the true shape of the section.
41. A hellow sphere of 40 internal diameter and 60 external diameter, is cut by a section
plane, inclined at 450 to V.P. and at a distance of 10 from its centre. Draw the proejctions of
the sphee.
42. A tetrahedron of side 60, is resitng on H.P. on one of its faces, with an edge of it parallel

to V.P. It is cut by a section plane, perpendicular to both H.P. and V.P. and 15 away from the
axis of the solid. Draw the sectional side view.
43. A cone of base 50 diameter and axis 60 long, lies on H.P. with its axis inclined at 45 0 to
H.P. and parallel to V.P. A section plane perpendicular to both H.P. and V.P. passes through the
axis of the solid at 20 from the centre of the base. Draw the three views of the solid.
44. A cube of 60 long edges, is resting on one of its edges on H.P. such that, a face
containing that edge is inclined at 450 to H.P. It is cut by a section plane, perpendicular to
H.P. such that, three true shape of the section produced is a regualr hexagon. Detemine the
inclination of the cutting plane with V.P. and draw the proejctions of the solid and show the
true shape of the section.
45. A square prism of base 50 side axis 100 long, stands with its base on H.P. such that, all
the faces are equally inclined to V.P. It is cut by a section plane, perpendicular to V.P. such
that, the true shape of the section is a rhombus of longer diagonal 90. Find the inclination of
the section plane with H.P. Draw the proejctions of the solid.
46. A terahedron of 65 long edges, is Lying on one of its faces, with an edge perpendicular to
V.P. It is cut by a section plane, which is perpendicular to V.P. such that, the true shape of the
section is an isosceles triangle of base 45 and altitude 35. find the inclination of the section
plane with H.P. and draw the proejctions of the solid.
47. A cone of base 60 diameter ans axis 70 long, is resting on its base on H.P. It is cut by a
section plane such that, the true shape of the section is an ellipse of major axis 50 and
minor axis 25. Determine the inclination of the section plane with H.P. and draw the
proejctions of the solid.
EXERCISES
12.1 A cube 50 edg, is resting on H.P. with vertical face inclined at 30 0 to V.P. It is cut by a
section plane parallel to V.P. and 10 away from the axis. Draw the sectional front view.
12.2 A cube of 40 edge, rests with an edge on H.P. ans perpendicualr to V.P. One of the
surface containing that edge is inclined at 300 to H.P. A Section plane perpendicular to V.P.
and inclined at 450 to H.P. bisects the axis of the cube. Draw the proejctions of the cube.
12.3 A cube of 50 edge, is resting on H.P.with a vertical face inclined at 30 0 to V.P. It is cut by
a section plane, perpendicular to V.P. inclined at 45 0 to H.P. and passsing through a point on
the axis at 30 above H.P. Draw the proejctions.
12.4 A cube of edge 50, is resting on H.P. on one of its faces, with a vertical face inclined at
300 to V.P. It is cut by a section plane, perpendicualr to V.P. and inclined at 45 0 to H.P. The
section plane intersects the axis at 45 from the base. Draw the proejctions.
Prisms
12.5 A trinagular prism of base 40 side and axis 75 long, is lyaing on H.P.on one of its
reactngular faces, with its axis inclined at 300 to V.P. It is cut by a horizontal section plane, at
a distance of 20 above H.P. Draw its front and sectional top views.

12.6 A triangular prism of side of base 60 and 90 high, standing with its base on H.P. with an
edge of the base, perpendicular to V.P. It is cut by a section plane such that, the true shape
is an isosceles triangle of sides 60, 75 and 75. Draw the sectional top view and front view.
12.7 A triangular prism od side of base 60 and axis 80 long, is resting on H.P. with a side of
the base perpendicualar to V.P. A section plane cuts the prism such that, the true shape is a
trapzoid of parallel sides 25 and 60, with a distance between them 45. Find the inclination of
the section plane with H.P.
12.8. A hollow square prism, with side of base 50 (outside), axis 75 and 10 thik, is resting on
H.P. on o ne of its faces, with the axis inclined at 60 0 with V.P. A section plane parallel to V.P.
cuts the solid, passing through a point on the axis at 25 from one end of the base. Draw the
sectional front view.
12.9 A square prism, with edge of base 45 and axis 90 long, has it axis parallel to both H.P.
ans V.P. The lateral surfaces are equally inclined to H.P. It is cut by a vertical section plane
inclined at 600 to V.P. and passing through the axis at 65 from one end. Draw the proejctions
and determine the true shape of the section.
12.10 A hexagonal prism od side of base 20 and altitude 60, has a coaxial hole of diameter
20 and rests on its base on H.P with a vertical face parallel to V.P. It is cut by a section plane,
passing through the mid-point of the axis and making 400 with it. Determine the true shape
of the section.
12.11 A hexagonal prism, with side of base 25 and height 65, has a face on H.P. and the axis
is parallel to V.P. It is cut by a section plane, perpendicualr to H.P. inlcined at 45 0 to V.P. and
passing through a point on the axis, 20 from one of its ends. Draw the proejctions.
12.12. A hexagonal prism of side of base 30 ans axis 65 long, is resting on one of its
reactngular faces on H.P. with the axis making an angle of 300 to V.P. It is cut by a section
plane, perpndicualr to V.P. inclined at 450 to H.P. and passing through the mid-point of the
axis. Draw the sectional top view and determine the true shape of the section.
12.13 A hexagnoal prism, with a side of base 40 and height 80, is resting on one of its
corners on H.P. with longer edge containing that corner inclined at 60 0 to H.P. and a
ractangualr face parallel to V.P.A horizontal section plane cuts the prism into two equal
halves. (i) Draw the front view and sectional top view and (ii) draw another top view on an
auxiliary inclined plane which makes an angle of 450 with H.P.
12.14 A hexagonal prism, with side of base 30 and axis 60 long, is resting on an edge of the
base on H.P; its axis being inclined section at 600 to H.P. and parallel to V.P. A section plane
inclined at 450 to V.P. and perpendicular to H.P, passes through a point on the axis at 20
from its top end. Draw the sectional front view, profice view showign the section and
determiene the true shape of the section.
12.15. A hexagonal prism, with side of base 35 and axis 60 long, is resting on one of its
corrners on V.P. with a longer edge containing that corner, inclined at 600 to V.P. and a
reactngular face parallel to H.P. A vertical section plane passing through the mid-point of the
axis and parallel to the bases, cuts the prism. Draw the top view and sectional front view of
the cut prism.

Pyramids
12.16 A tetrahedron of 60 side, is resting on H.P on one of its faces, with an edge of it
perpendcualr to V.P. It is cut by a section plane, perpendicular to V.P and inclined to H.P. by
an angle of 450 and passing through a pont on the axis at 30 from the base. Draw the
sectional top view and determine the true shape of the section.
12.17 A tetrahedron of 65 long edges iying on H.P. on one of its faces, with an edge
perpendicular to V.P. It is cut by a section plane, which is perpendicular to V.P. such that, the
true shape of the section is an isosceles triangle of base 40 and altitude 40, Find the
inclination of the section plane with H.P. and draw the front view, sectional top view and
determine the true shape of the section.
12.18 A triangular pyramid, with side of base 60 and axis 80 long, stands with its base on
H.P. such that, and edge of the base is perpendicualr to V.P. It is cut by a section plane
perpendicular to V.P. Such that the true shape of the section is an isosceles triangle of 40
base and altitude 45. Find the inclination of the section plane with H.P. Draw the proejctions
and determine the true shape of the section.
12.19 A square pyramid of 40 side of base and 75 heoght, rests on one corner on H.P. such
that, the longer edge passing through that corner is perpendicualr to H.P. the axis being
paraellel to V.P. It is cut by a horizontal section plane, passing through mid point of the axis
draw the proejctions and determine the true shape of the section.
12.20 A square pyaramid of side of basse 40 and axis 80 l ong, is resting on H.P. on one of its
slant edges such that, the sides of the base are equally inclined to H.P; its axis being parallel
to V.P. It is cut by a section plane, parallel to the axis and 10 from it. Draw the proejctions of
the rreatined solid.
12.21. A square pyramid of base 30 and 50 high, rests on a square blok of 20 high, with an
edge of the base parallel to V.P. The corners of the base of the pyramid coincide with the
mid-points of the sides of the block. A section plane perpendicualr to V.P. and inclined at 60 0
to H.P. bisects the axis of the pyramid. Draw the proejctions and determine true shape of the
section.
12.22. A square pyramid, with side of base 50 and axis 70 long, is resting on its base, with
one edge perpendicualr to V.P. It is cut by an inclined section plane such that, the true shape
of the section is trapezium, whose parallel sides mesure 40 and 20. Draw the proejcitons of
the solid and determine the true shape of the section.
12.23 A pentagonal pyramid, with side of base 35 and altitude 80, rests with its base on H.P.
and with one edge of the base parallel to V.P. it is cut by a section plane, perpendicualr to
V.P. and inclined at 450 to H.P. the plane intersects the axis of the pyramis at a height of 60
from the base. Draw the proejections of the pyramid.
12.24 A petnagonal pyramid, with side of base of 25 and axis 60 long, rest on a corner of the
base apon H.P and with its axis parallel to both a H.P. and V.P. It is cut by a vertical section
plane, inclined at 300 to V.P. and passing through a point on the axis at 25 from apex. Draw
the proejctions of the retained portion of the pyramid.
12.25. A pentagonal pyramid, with side of base 30 and altitude 75, rest on one of its edges

of the bsae on H.P. with the base making an angle of 35 0 with pyramid is cut by a section
plane, parallel to H.P. and passing through that corner of the base, farthest from H.P. Draw
the sectional top view of the truncatd pyramid.
12.26 A pentagonal pyramid, with base 30 side and axis 80 long, is resting on H.P. on its
base with the nearest of the base parallel to V.P. It is cut by two section planes,
perpendicualr to V.P. and on either side of the aaxis and passing through its mid-point. One
plane is parallel to H.P. while the other is at 450 , receding towards the apex. Draw the
proejctions and detetrmine the tue shape of the section.
12.27 A pentagonal pyramid with side of base 25 and axis 75 long, is lying on H.P on one of
its triangular faces and with its axis parallel to V.P. A vertical section plane, inclined at 30 0 to
V.P. passes through the centre of the base cuts the pyramid; the apex being retained . Draw
the proejctions and a front view on an auxiliary plane, parallel to the section plane.
12.28. A hexagonal pyramid, with side of base 30 ann axis 75 long, stands vertically on H.P
with two edges of the base perpwendcular to V.P. The pyramid is cut by an inclined section
plane at 300 to H.P. intersecting the axis at the middle. Draw the proejctions of the solid and
determine the true shape of the section.
12.29 A hexagonal pyramid of base 30 and axis 65 long, is resting on one of its triangular
faces on H.P. and with its axis parallel to V.P. A horizontal section plane bisects the axis of the
solid. Draw the proejctions.
12.30 A hexagonal pyramid, with side of the base 30 and axis 65 long, is resting on its base
on H.P. with two edges parallel to V.P. It is cut by a section plane, inclined at 45 0 to H.P. and
passing through a point on the axis at 25 abvoe the base. Draw the three views of the solid.
12.31 A hexagonal pyramid, with side of base 25 and axis 65 long, rest with an edge of the
base on H.P. The axis of the pyramid is parallel to H.P. and inclined at 30 0 to V.P. A vertical
section plane inclined at 450 to V.P. passes through the centre of the base of the pyramid
draw the projections of the retained portion of the solid.
12.32 A hexagonal pyramid of base 30 side and axis 70 long, is resting on H.P. with two
edges parallel to V.P. It is cut by a section plane, perpendicualr to V.P. and inclined at 55 0 to
H.P. and passing through the axis at 30 above the base. Draw the proejctions and determine
the true shape of the section.
12.33 A hexagonal pyramid with edge of base 40 and axis 85 long, is lying on H.P. on one of
its traignular faces, with the axis parallel to V.P. A vertical section plane, the H.T. of whcih
makes an angle of 450 with the referance line, passes through the centre of the base and
cuts the pyramid; the apex being retained. Draw the top view, sectional front view and true
shape of the section.
Cylinders:
12.34 A cylinder of diameter 50 ans axis 70 long, resting on H.P. on one of its bases. It is cut
by a sections plane parallel to V.P. and 10 away from the axis. Draw the section frot view
12.35 A horizotnal cyclinder with dima\eter 30 and axis 60m rests centrally onn the top of a
frustiume of a cone having base diamter 45, diamter at top 25 and 45 height. The two solids

are cut by a section plane, whoch is parallel to V.P. ans situated at a distance of 10 from the
axis of the cone and making 450 with the axis of the cylinder. Draw the proejctions of the
cut solids.
12.36 A cylinder of base 50 diameter and 60 long, has its axis paralell to both H.P. and V.P. It
is cut by a vertical section plane, inclined at 300 to V.P. such that, the axis is cut at a point 25
from one end. Draw the proejections and determine the true shape of the section.
12.37 A cyclinder of base 80 diameter and 100 long, lies on H.P. with its axis parallel to both
H.P. and V.P. It is cut by a vertical plane, which intersects the axis of the cyclinder at an angle
of 300 at is mid-point. Draw the sectional top view and determine the true shape of the
section.
12.38 A cylinder of base 60 diameter and 70 long , is resting on its base on H.P. It is cut by
two section planes, on either side of the axis and meeting at its top point. The V.T's of the
cutting planes make 300 to the axis. Draw the proejctions and also auxiliary views showing
the true shapes of the sections.
12.39 Draw the projections of a truncated cylinder such that, the section produced is an
ellipse with 50 and 80 as its minor and major axes respectively. The smallest generatoor on
the cylinder is 20 long.
12.40 A right circular cyclinder of base 35 diameter and 55 long, rest on its circular rim scuh
that, the axis makes an angle of 450 with H.P. and parallel to V.P. It is cut by a vertical section
plane, parallel to V.P. and a distance of 10 from the axis. Draw the sectional front view.
12.41 A cylinder of diameter and length, each 60, has a hewxagnal hole through it; the side
of the hexagon being 20. The axis of the hole coincides with the axisof the cylinder, which is
horizontal.One of the sides of the hexagonal hole is vertical. The solids is cut by a vertical
plane whosw H.T Conicides with one diagnoal of the square, which is the top view of the
cyclinder. Show the true shape of the section.
12.42. A cyclinder of base 50 diameter and axis 75 long, has a concentric square hole of 30
side. The cylinder is resting on H.P. with the vertical faces of the hole equally inclined to V.P.
It is cut by two section planes on either of the axis. Draw the projections and detetrmine the
true shape of the sections prouduced.

Cones
12.43 A cone of base 40 diameter and axis 60 long , is lying on one of its generators on H.P.
with the axis parallel to V.P. A horizontal section plane bisects the axis of the solid. Draw the
proejctions.
12.44 A cone of base 90 diamter and altitude 110, rests with its base on H.P. Draw its front
view, sectional top view, sectional side view and the true shape of the section, when (a) it is
cut by a section plane, perpendicular to V.P. inclined at 45 0 to H.P. and cutting the axis at a
point 50 from the apex and (b) it is by a section plane, parallel to and 20 away from one of
its generators.

12.45 A cone of base 60 diamter and 75 height, stands vertically on H.P. A section plane.
perpendicualr to V.P. and inclined to H.P, cuts the cone in such a way that the true shape of
the section is an ellipse of major axis 45 long. Find the inclination of the section plane with
H.P. and draw the front view, sectional top view and determine the true shape of the section.
12.46. A cone of base 60 diameter and 75 height, is resting on its base on H.P. A section
plane, perpendicula r to V.P. and inclined to H.P. cuts the cone in such a away that the true
shape of the section is an ellipse of major axis 45 long. Find the inclination of the section
plane with H.P. and draw the front view, sectional top view and determine the true shape of
the section.
12.47 A right circular cone of base diameter 50 and altitude 50, stands with its base on H.P.
A vertical section plane, inclijned at 450 to V.P. cuts the cone at 6 from the axis. Determine
the apparent and true shapes of the sections.
12.48 A cone of base 75 diameter and axis 75 long, has its axis parallel to H.P. and inclined
450 to V.P. A vertical section plane parallel to V.P. cuts the cone through the mid-point of the
axis. Draw the sectional front view, top view and an auxiliary front of view, o n a plane
parallel to the axis.
12.49 A cone of base 65 diameter and axis 75 lone, rests on H.P. a point on the
circumference of the base. The axis of the cone makes 600 wth H.P. It is cut by a section
plane, inclined at 300 to V.P. and passing through the mid-point of the axis. Draw the
sectional front views and determine the true of the section.
12.50 A frustm of a cone, with top end of 50 at the top and axis 70 long has an axial hole of
25 diamter. It is resting on one of its generatiors on H.P. with its axis parallel to V.P. The solid
is cut by a section plane, inclined at 300 to V.P. perpendciular to H.P. and passing through a
point on the axis at 25 from the base. Draw its sectional front view and determine the true
shape of the section.
HELICAL SURFACES
(CHAPTER- 13)
1. Draw a helix of pitch equal to 45, upon a cylinder of 40 diamter and develop the surface
of the cyclinder along with the helix. Assume the starting point P to be on the left exterm
horizontaol centre line in the top view.
2. Draw a helix of cone convolution upon a cone, with diameter of base 40, axis 50 log and
pitch 40. Assume the srarting point P to be pn left extrme horizontal centre line in the top
view. Also, decvelop the surface of the cone and show the helix on it.
3. Draw a double helix on a cylinder of a 40 diameter and lead equal to 60.
4. Draw fice turns of single start triangular or sharp V - thread, with 120(nominal) diameter,
25 pitch and 600 as the angle of the thread.
5. Draw two and half turns of right hand single start square thread, with 80 outer (nominal)
diameter and 30 pitch.

6. Draw two turns of a helical spring of square section of 20 side. The outer diameter of the
spring is 100 and pitch 60.
7. Draw two turns of a helical spring of curcular section of 20 diameter. The outer diameter
of the spring is 100 and pitch 60.
8. Draw a conical spring, consisting of three turns (coils) of circular section of 20 diameter
and pitch 50. The outer diameter of the larger end is 120 and the smaller end is 60.
EXERISES
13.1 Draw the helix of one and half convlolution around a cyclinder of 70 diameter and pitch
50 Develop the surface of the cylinder and determine the helix angle.
13.2 Draw a helix of pitch 50, around a cylinder of 75 diameter. Develop the surface of the
cylinder and detemine the helix angle. Assume the starting point to be on the vertical
centre line at the bottom in the top view.
13.3 Draw one convolution of right hand and left hand helices on a cyclinder of 40 diameter
and 75 lead.
13.4 Draw the projections of a helix having helix angle 35 0 , on a cylinder of 70 diameter.
13.5 Draw a helix of one convolution uopn a cone of diameter of the base 70 and axis 100
long. having a pitch equal to 60. Take apex as the strating point of the curve.
13.6 Draw two helices of pitch 50 upon a cylinder of 70 diameter. Assume the starting
points to be at the ends of the vertical diameter in the top view.
13.7 A point P starting fron the base of a cone, reaches the apex while moving around the
axis through two cpmplete turns. Assuming the movement of P towards the apex (measured
parallel to the axis) to be uniform with its movment around the axis, draw the proejctions
and the devlopment of the surface of the cone, showing the path of P in each. Diameter of
the base of the cone is 75 and axis 100 long.
13.8 Project two complete turns of a V- thread, having outer diameter 120, pitch 30 and
thread angle 600 .
13.9 Project two complete turns of a double start V- thread, having outer diameter 120, pitch
30 and thread angle 600
13.10 Project two complete turns of a square thread, having outer diameter 120 and pitch
40.
13.11 A screw conveoy of 20 base diamter and 100 outer diameter has a helical blade of 40
X 10, welded on its surface. The pitch is 60. Project two complete turns of the screw with the
blade.
13.12 Draw two turns of as square threaded screw, with outside diameter 20 and pitch 2.5.
13.13 Draw two turns of a left hand double start square thread, having outer diameter 100
and lead 45.

13.14 On a cylinder shaft of dimater 80, a helical square groove for 1 1/2 convolutaion is cut.
the groove has a cross-section of 15 X 15 with pitch 60. Draw the proejctions of the saft.
13.15. A sprial spring is mafe of a wire of ractngular cross-section 25 X 20. Draw two
complete turns of the spring. Take outer diameter as 100, inner dimeter as 50 and pitch
equal to 50.
13.16 Draw two complete turns of a left hand helical spring of outer diameter 110 and 40
pitch made of 15 square section wire.
13.17 Project one complete turn of helical spring of outer diameter 80 and pitch 60, the
cross section of the being a circule of 20 diameter.
13.18 Draw two complete turns of a right hand helical spring of 75 mean diameter, 50 pitch
and made from 15 diameter wire.
13.19 Draw the projections of a conical spring of one convolution, having flat surfaces at
both the ends. Outer diameter at the bottom is 80 and the top 45. The wire diameter is 10
and pitch is 65.
DEVELOPMENTS OF SURFACES
(CHAPTER - 14)
1. A square prism of side of base 40 axis 80 long, is resting on its base on H.P. scuh that, a
reactngular face of it is parallel to V.P. Draw the development of the prism.
2. A hexagonal prism of side of base 30 and axis 75 long, is resting on its base on H.P. such
that a reactngualar face is parallel to V.P. It is cut by a section plane, perpendicualr to V.P.
and inclined at 300 to H.P. The section plane is passing through the top end of an exterme
leateral edge of the prism. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the cut prism.
3. A cube of 50 edge, is resting on a face on H.P. such that, a vertical face is inclined at 30 0 to
V.P. It is cut buy a section palne perpendicuarl to V.P. and inclined to H.P. at 30 0 and passing
through a point at 12 from the top end of the axis. Develop the lateral surface of the lower
portion of the cube.
4. A cylinder of diameter of base 40 and axis 55 long, is resting on its base on H.P. It is cut by
a section plane, perpendicular to V.P. and inclined at 45 0 to H.P. the section plane is passing
through the top end of an extreme generator of the ctlinder, Draw the development of the
lateeral surface of the cut cylinder.
5.Figure 14.5a shows the projections of a cut cylinder. Draw the development of the lateral
surface of the cut cylinder.
6. An oblique hexagonal prism of side of base 30 and axis 90 long and inclined at 45 0 to the
base, is resting on its base on H.P. It is cut by a section plane, perpendicular to H.P. and V.P.
and passing through the top end of the axis. Draw the development of the cut prism.
7. Draw the development of an obiliqe cyclinder of base 50 diameter, axis 80 long and
inclined at 600 to the base.

8. A pentagonal pyramid of side of base 30 and axis 60 long, is resting on its base on H.P.
with an edge of the base parallel to V.P. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the
pyramid.
9. A square pyramid, with side of base 30 and axis 50 long, is resting on its base on H.P.
with an edge of the base parallel to V.P. It is cut by a section plane, perpendicualr to V.P. and
inclined at 450 to H.P. The section plane is passing through the mid-point of the axis. Draw
the development of the surface of the cut pyramid.
10. A cone of diameter of base 50 and axis 60 long, is resting on its base on H.P. Draw the
proejctions of the cone and show on it, the shortest path traced by a point, starting from a
point on the circumference of the base of the cone, moving around it and reaching the same
point.
11. A cone of base 50 diameter and axis 60 long, is resting on its base on H.P. It is cut by a
section plane perpendicualr to V.P. and parallel to an exterme generator and passing through
a point on the axis at a distance of 20 from the apex. Draw the development of the retained
solid.
12. A cone of base 50 diameter and axis 60 long, is resting on its base on H.P. A section
plane perpendicualr to V.P. cuts the cone at a distance of 10 from the axis. Draw the
development of the cut solid.
13. An obilique hexagonal pyramid with side of base 30 and axis 85 long, is resting on its
base on H.P. with an edge of the base perpendicualr to V.P. The axis of the pyramid is
inclined at 600 to the base. It is cut by a section plane, perpendicular to both H.P. and V.P.
and passing through the inner extreme base edge of the pyramid. Draw the development of
the cut pyramid.
14. An oblique cone of base 40 diameter and axis 60 long is resting on its base on H.P. The
axis is inclined at 450 to the base. Draw the development of the cone.
15. A transition piece of 80 long, connects a square opening of 30 side, with coaxial
reactngular opening of 100 X 80. The transition piece is lying on its reactngular base on H.P.
The edges of the square hole are equally inclined to V.P. where the longer edges of the
reactngular hole are parallel to V.P. Draw the development of the transition piece.
16. Draw the development of a trasnisition piece that connects a circular section of 25
diameter with a square section of side 35. The length of the transition piece is 35 and both
the sections are coaxial. The transition piece is resting on its square on H.P.
17. Draw the develpment of the lateral surface of a conical off-set reducer piece required to
connect two circular openings of 40 and 90 diameters. The height of the reducer is 90 and
the off set is 10. The reducer is resting on its larger base on H.P.
18. Develop the lateral surface of a transition piece, connecting co - axial hexagonal and
square holes, which are 60 apart. The side of the square is 60 and that of the hexagonal is
20. The transition piece is resting on its square base on H.P. one side of both the bases
being parallel to V.P.
19. Draw the development of a sphere of 50 diameter.

20. Figure 14.21a shows the projections of a hexagonal prism, cut by two section planes as
inclined. Draw the development of the retained portion of the prism.
21. A cube of 50 edge, stands on one of its faces on H.P. with the vertical faces equally
inclined to V.P. A hole of 35 diameter is drilled centrelly through the cube such that, the axis
of the hole is perpndicular to V.P. Draw the development of the cube.
22. Figure 14.23a shows the proejctions of a pentagonal prism, with a partial hole as
indicated. Draw the development of the prism.
23. A hexagonal prism of 20 side of base and 50 height, rests on a base on H.P. with a
vertical face parallel to V.P. A circular hole of 35 diameter, is drilled through the prism such
that, the axis of the hole bisects the axis of the prism and is perpendicualr to V.P. Draw the
development of the prism.
24. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the cut cylinder, shown in Fig. 14 .2a
25. A cylinder of base 80 diameter and axis 110 long, is resting onn its base on H.P. It has a
cirular hole of 60 diameter, drilled centrally trough scuh that, the axis of the hole is
perpndicualr to V.P. and bisects the axis of the cylinder at right angle. Devlop the lateral
surfaces of the cylinder.
26. Draw the development of a cylinder of 50 diameter and 75 height , containing a square
hole of 25 side. The sides of the hole are equally inclined to the base and the axis of the hole
bisects the of the cylinder.
27. Develop the lateral surfaces of the three - piece pipe elbow, shown in Fig. 14.28. Take the
diameter of the pipe as 40.
28. Draw the devlopment of the cut hexagonal pyramid, shown in Fig. 14.29a.
29 Draw the development of the lateral surfaces of the cut pentagonal pyrmid shown in Fig
14.30a.
30. Figure 14.31 a shows the projections of a petangonal pyramid with a square hole through
it. Draw the development if the pyramid.
31. A hexagonal pyramid of side of base 50 and axis 100 long, stands on its base on H.P.
with one of its base edges perpendicualr to V.P. A hole of 40 diameter is drilled through the
solid. The axis of the hole is perpendicualr to V.P. and intersects the axis of the pyramid, at a
point 35 below the paex. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the silid.
32. A hexagonal pyramid of side of base 30 and length of axis 80, rests on its base on H.P.
An ant, initially situated at the left exterme corner of the base, moves on the surfaces of the
pyramid and reaches the mid-point on the right extreme edge(slant edge). Find the shortest
poth of travel of the ant. Show the path in front and top views.
33. A flume in the form of a frustume of a pyramid, has the base 6 m square, top 2 m
square and altitude 12 m. A lightening conductor is taken from the mid-point of one of the
top edges to the mid-point of the opposite edge in the base. Determine the sortest length
and draw the projecitons of its path.

34. A pentagonal pyramid with side of base 30 and length of axis 65, rests on one of the
triangular faces on H.P. A horizontal sections plane passes through the solid at 15 from the
upper corner of the pyramid. Draw the projections and develpment of the remaining solid.
35. Figure 14.36a shows two views of a frustum of a square pyramid, with a semicircular slot
through it. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the solid.
36. Figure 14. 37a shows the proejctions of a cone, cut by two section planes, as indicated
by the traces. Draw the development of the cut cone.
37. A right circular cone of base 50 diamter and axis 60 long, is resting on its base on H.P. A
Semi-ciruclar hole of radius 15 is cut through the cone such that, the axis of the hole is
perpendicualr to V.P. and intersecting the axis of the cone at 20 above the base. The flat
surfaces of the hole is parallel to H.P. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the
cone.
38. In a semi- circualr plate of 120 diameter, a largrest circular hole is mode. The palte is
folded to from a cone. Draw the two views of the cone.
39. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the oil can, shown in Fig 14. 40a
40 Draw the devlopment of the tray; the orthpgraphic views of which are given in Fig. 14.4la.
EXERCISES
14.1 Draw the development of the frustum of a hexagomal pyramid of side of base 35 at
the bottom and 15 at the top, the height of the frusthum being 50.
14.2 A hexagonal pyramid of base 40 side and height 75, stands with its base on the ground
such that, two of the base edges are parallel to V.P. It is cut by a section plane perpendicular
to V.P. and inclined at 300 to H.P. and bisecting its axis. Draw the development of the
surfaces of the cut solid.
14.3 A pentagonal pyramid of base 40 side and height 75, stands with its base on H.P. such
that, one of the base edges is parallel to V.P. It is cut by a section plane perpendicular to V.P.
inclined at 300 to H.P. and bissecting its axis. Draw the devlopment of the surface of the
pyramid.
14.4. A square pyramid of side of base 40 altitude 50, resting with its base on H.P. is cut by a
section plane at 450 to the axis and intersecting it a point, distant 30 from the base. Draw
the development of the frustum of the pyramid.
14.5 Draw the development of the lateral surfaces of the portions of varius pyramids, shown
in Fig 14.47.
Prisms
14.6 A pentagonal prism of side of base 40 and 80 height, is cut by a section plane inclined
at 300 to H.P. when a vertical face of the solid is perpendicualr to V.P. Draw the
developement of the remaining solid.
14.7 A pentagonal prism with 20 side of base and 45 height, stands vertically on its bse, with

two of its reactunagular faces equally inclined to V.P.The V.T. of the cutting plane is inclined
at 450 to the axis of the prism and passes through the left corner of the top face of the prism.
Develop the lateral surface of the lower portion of the prism.
14.8 Draw the development of the lateral surfaces of the portions of varius prisms that are
shown in Fg. 14.48.
14.9 A solid is in the from of a square prism of side base 30 upto a height of 50 and therafter
tapers into frustum of a square pyramid, whose top surface is a square of 15 side. The total
height of the solid is 70. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the solid.
Cylinders
14.10 Draw the development of a cyclinder of 50 diameter and 75 height, containing a squre
hole of 25 side. The sides of the hole are inclined to the base and the axis of the hole bisects
the axis of the cylinder.
14.11 Develop the development of a right circular cyclinder of diameter 50 and 60 height,
having a cirucualr hole of 30, drilled centrally through it such that, the axis of the ole and
cyclinder are matually perpendicualr to each other.
14.12 Draw the development of the lateral surfaces of the varius cylinders, represnted in Fig.
14.49.
14.13 A cone of 60 diameter and 70 height, is cut by a section plane such that, the palne
passes through the mid-point of the axis and tangential to the base circle. Draw the
development of the lateral surface of the bottom part of the cone.
14.14 In a semi-circular plate of 120 diameter, a largest hole is made. The plat4e is folded to
form a cone. Draw the two views of the cone. when the hole is (i) cirucular, (ii) square and
(iii) an eqilateral triangle.
14.15 A right circular cone of 75 diameter and length of axis 100, rests on its base on H.P. A
point P initially situated at the extreme right end of the base, moves around the surfaces of
the cone and finally comes back to the strating point. Find the length of the shortest path,
the point P will take, in covering the distance along the surface of the cone. Also, show the
path in front and top views.
14.16 Draw the proejctions of cone, resting on its base on H.P. and show the shortest path by
which a point P, strarting from a point on the circumfernce of the base and moving around
the cone, will return to the same point, Diameter of the base of the cone is 60 and axis 75
long.
14.17 A vertical cone of diameter of base 40 and height 50, is cut by a section plane,
perpendicular to V.P. and inclined at 300 to H.P, so as to bisect the axis. Draw the
devlopment of the truncated portion of the cone.
14.18. A cone, base 54 diameter and height 72, rests with its base on H.P. A section plane
perpendicualr to H.P. and inclined at 250 to V.P, cuts the cone at a distane of 13.5 from the
axis. Draw the sectional front view and devlop the lateral surfaces of the remaining portion
of the cone.

14.19 A cone of base 60 diameter and axis 70 long, has the axis parallel to V.P. and inclined
at 450 to H.P. A section plane parallel to V.P. cuts the cone at 8 away from the axis. Draw the
development of the larger portion of the sectionered solid.
14.20 A cone of diameter of base 80 and height 80, stands vertically with its base on the
ground. A semi-circular hole of radius 25, is cut through the cone. The axis of the hole is
perpendicular to V.P. and parallel to H.P. and intersects the axis at 30 above the base. The
flat surface of the hole contains the axis of the cone and perpendicular to V.P. Draw the
complete development of the cone.
14.21 A cone of base diamter and altitude 70, rests vertically on its base on the ground. A
slot of sphere of an equilateral triangle of side 30, is cut through the cone so that its axis is
perpendicualr to V.P. and intersects the axis of the cone at right angle. The base of the slot is
at a disttance of 10 above the base of the cone. Draw the devlopment of the lateral surfaces
of the cone with te slot.
14.22 Draw the development of the lateral surfaces of varius cones that are shown in Fig
14.50
14.23 Figure 14.51 shows the devlopment of conical surfaces with slots. Draw the
proejctions of the solids.
14.24 Draw the development of a transition piece, connecting a 30 dameter pipe with a
square pipe of 50 side, the length of the piece 50.
14.25 Draw the development of an oblique cylinder, the bases of which are parallel and 70
apart. The diameter of the base is 40 and the axis is inclined at 60 0 to the base.
14.26 An oblique cyclinder of base 60 diameter, has an aixs 80 l ong and inclined at 45 0 to
the base. It rests with its base on H.P. and axis is parallel to V.P. it is cut by a vertical section
plane, which is perpendicualr to V.P. and bisects the axis. Draw the development of the
srface of the remaining solid.
14.27 An onilque cone of base 60 diameter and axis 75 long, rest on its base on H.P.The axis
of the cone is inclined at 600 to the base. It is cut by a horizontal section plane passing
through the axis at 55 from the base. Draw the development of the remaining solid.
14.28 Draw the development of an oblique hexagonal pyramid of base 30 side and axis 110
long. Its axis is inclined at 450 to the base.
14.29 The apparent angles of inclination of the axis of an oblique pentagonal pyramid with
H.P. and V.P. are 450 and 250 respectivley. The pyramid is resting on its bsae on H.P. with an
edge parallel to V.P. The edge of the base is 25 and the vertical height of the pyramid is 60.
Draw the devlopment of the lateral surface of the pyramid.
14.30 A hexagonal obilque prism lies on H.P. with an edge parallel to V.P. The edge of the
base is 30 and axis 70 long, which is inclined at 60 0 to H.P. A section plane perpendicualr to
V.P. and inclined at 600 to H.P. bisects the axis and the section plane leans opposite to the
axis. Draw the development of the surfaces of the lower portion of the prism.
14.31 Figures 14.52 to 14.55 show certain objects. Draw the develoment of the lateral

surfaces of each.
INTERSECTION OF SURFACES
(CHAPTER - 15)
1. A vertical square prism of base 50 side, is penetrated by a horizontal square prism of base
40 side such that, the axes intersect. The axis of the horizontal prism is parallel to V.P. and
the faces of both the prisms are equally inclined V.P. Draw the proejctions of the two prisms,
showing the lines of intersectio.
2. A vertical square prism of base 50 side, is penetrated by a horizontal square prism of base
35 side such that, the axes are 6 apart. The axis of the horizontal prism is parallel to V.P. and
the faces of both the prisms are equally inclined to V.P. Draw the proejctions of the prisms,
showing the lines of intersection.
3. A square prism of sde of base 50, is resting on its base on H.P. with a face of it inclined
at 300 to V.P. It is pentrated by another sqaure prsim, with side of base 40 and faces of which
are eqaully inclined to V.P. The axes of the two prisms are intersectin each other at right
angle. Draw the proejctions of two prisms, shwoing the lines of intersection.
4. A hexagonal pyramind with side of base 30 and altitude 85, is resting on its base on H.P.
with an edge of base paraellel to V.P. It is penetrated by a hprizontal square prism of side of
base 20 such that, the axes intersect at right angle. The base edges of the prism are equally
inclined to H.P. and its axis is 30 above H.P. Draw the proejctions of the solids, showing the
line of intersection.
5. A square pyramid with side of base 40 and altitude 70, resting on its base on H.P. is
penetrated by another square pyramid of base 25 side and altitude 85 such that, the axes
intersect at 600 with each other. The point of intersection is 35 and 45 from the bases of the
vertical and inclined solids respectively. The sides of the bases of two solids are equally
inclined to V.P. Draw the projections of the two solids, showing the line of intersection.
6. A vertical cylinder of 60 diameter, is penetrated by another cylinder of 45 diamter. The
axes of the two cylinders are intersecting at right angle. Draw the proejctions of the two
cylinders, showing the lines (curves) of intersections.
7. A vertical cyclinder of 80 diameter, is penetrated by another cylinder of 50 diamete. The
axis of the penetraing cylinder is parallel to both H.P. and V.P. and is 10 away from that of the
vertical cylinder. Draw the proejctions, showing the lines(curves) of intersection.
8. A vertical cylinder of 70 diameter is penetrated by a horizontal cylinder of the same size.
The axis of the penetrating cylinder is 12 away from the axis of the vertical cyclinder. Draw
the proejctions of the cylinders, showing the lines(curves)of intersection.
9. A vertical cyclinder of base 90diamter, us penetrated by a cone of base diameter 90 and
axis 140 long. The axes of the two solids bisect each other at right angle. Draw the
projections of the two solids, showing the lines of intersection.
10. A vertical cone with diameter of base 90 and axis 100 long, is penetrated by a
horizontal cylinder of 50 diameter. The axis of the cylinder intersects the axis of the cone at

a point 30 from the base. Draw the projections of the solids, showing the lines of
intersection.
11. A vertical cone with base 90 diameter and axis 100 long, is penetrated by a horizontal
cylinder of 50 diameter. The axis of the cuylinder is 30 abvoe the base of the cone and is 8
away from the axis of the cone. Draw the proejctions of the solids, showing the lines of
intersection.
12. A vertical cone with diameter of base 100 and axis 100 long, is penetrated by another
cone of base 90 diameter and axis 120 long. The axes of the two cones bisect each other at
right angle. Draw the proejctions of the cones, showing the lines of intersection.
13. A triangular prism with side of base 70, is resting on one of its bases on H.P. and with a
face perpendicular to V.P. It is penetrated by a horizontal square prism of base 40 side. The
axes of the two solids intersect each other and a plane passing through the axes of the
solids is parallel to V.P. Draw the lines of intersection, when the faces of the square prism are
equally inclined to H.P.
14. A square prism, with side of base 50, is resting on its base on H.P. It is penetrated by
another triangular prism of side of base 50 such that, the axes intersect each other at right
angle. If the faces of the square prism are equally inclined to V.P. draw the proejctions of the
solids showing the lines of intersection.
15. A vertical square pipe of 50 side, has a similar branch of 30 side. The axes of the pipes
intersect at 450 with each other. The faces of both the pipes are equally inclined to V.P. draw
the projections of the pipes, Showing the lines of intersection.
16.A square prism with side of base 50, is resting on its base on H.P. It is met by another
square prism, with side of base 35 and the axis of which is parallel to V.P. and inclined at 30 0
to H.P. The axis of the two prisms are 6 apart and the faces of both the prisims are equally
inclined to V.P. Draw the proejctions of the two prisms, showing the lines intersection.
17. A horizontal triangular prism, with side of base 50, with the top reactngualr face inclined
at 450 with H.P. penetrates a vertical trinagular prism, with side of base 50, having a face
paraellel to V.P. The axis of the horizontal prism is 15 in front of that of the vertical prism.
Draw the projections of the two prisms, showing the lines of intersection.
18. A square prism with side of base 50m is resting on its base on H.P. It is penetrated by a
horizontal trinagular prism of base 40 side such that, the axes are off - set by 6. The faces of
the square prism are equally inclined to V.P. while a face of the triangular prism is inclined at
450 with H.P. Draw the projections of the two solids, showing the lines of intersection.
19. A hexagonal prism with side of base 40 , is resting on one of its bases in H.P. with a face
parallel to V.P. The prism is penetrated by a square prism of side of base 40. The axis of the
square prism is parallel to V.P. and inclined at 300 to H.P. with its faces equally inclined to H.P.
Draw the projections, showing the lines of intersection, when
(i) the axes of both the solids are intersecting.
(ii) the axes both square prism os pff set by 8 from the axis of the hexagonal prism, and

(iii) a face of the hexagonal prism is perpendicular to V.P. and the axis of th square prism is
offset by 8 from the axis of the hexagonal prism.