Newtons Laws
2. Kinematics in one dimension
v(average) = r / t
vs = ds / dt (vs = slope of position vs time graph)
Area under a graph is displacement
Final velocity: vfs = vis + ast
Objects final position = si + area under the velocity curve vs
between ti and tf
Area under a straight velocity time graph: Sf = si + vis*t + 1/2as(t)2
Final velocity depending on position: Vfs2 = vis2 + 2as s
as = +/- g sin
as = dvs / dt = slope of the velocity-vs-time graph
4. Kinematics in two dimensions
v
aavg = t
V = vxi + vyj
Vx = dx / dt
Vy = dy / dt
Vx = vcos
Vy = ysin
V = vx2 + vy2
ax = dvx / dt
ay = dvy / dt
Constant acceleration
xf = xi + vit + 1/2at2
vf = vi + at
xf = xi + 1/2(vi + vf)t
vf2 = vi2 + 2a(xf-xi)
Relative motion
(vx)CB = (vx)CA + (vx)AB
Uniform circular motion
v=2 r/T
f = i + w t
|w| = 2 rad / T
Fk < Fs max
Fk = k n
Fr = r n
r < k
terminal speed:
sqrt(2mg / Cpa)
FD= pACdv2
7. Newtons third law
a = Fnet / m
FA on B = -FB on A
aax = abx = ax
aax = -aBy
Tstring on A= -TA on string
8. Dynamics: motion in a plane
Projectile motion
ax = -pCa / 2m vx(sqrt(vx2 + vy2)
ay =-g -pCa / 2m vy(sqrt(vx2 + vy2)
Circular orbits
Vorbit = sqrt(rg)
T = 2pi.r / vorbit
g = GM / R2 - w2R = gearth - w2R
Conservation Laws
9. Impulse and Momentum
m dvx = Fx(t) dt
p = mv
Px = mvx
Py = mvy
F = ma = dp / dt
Impulse
Jx = Favg . t
Px = Jx
pfx = pix + Jx
The final momentum is pfx = pix + Jx = pix + area under curve
The final velocity is vfx = pfx / m
Conservation of momentum
d(px)1/dt = (Fx)a on b
d(px)2/dt = (Fx)b on a
If we were to add the two equations (Fx) a on b + (-(Fx)) b on a) = 0
Px1 + px2 = constant
Inelastic collisions
(m1 + m2) x vf = m1v1 + m2v2
Momentum in 2 dimensions
Pfx1 + pfx2 + pfx3 = pix1 + pix2 + pix3
Pfy1 + pfy2 + pfy3 = piy1 + piy2 + piy3
10. Energy
EP = mgh
EK = mv2
Free fall
Ekf + Epgf = Eki + Epgi = (mgh = mv2)
Springs
Fsp = ks
Ep = Kx2
Elastic PE is Fnet=ma=m(dv/dt)
Elastic collisions
Velocity of ball 1: ((m1-m2)/(m1 + m2))vinitial1
Velocity of ball 2:((2m1)/(m1 + m2))vinitial1
11. Work
W>0: the environment does work on the system and the systems
energy increases W<0 the system does work on the environment and
the systems energy decreases
Emech = Ek + U
Esystem = Emech + Eth = K + U + Eth
K + U + Eth = Work (W)
2
(mv)
1
p2
2
Ek = mv =
=
2
2m 2m
sf
W = Fs ds
si
W = F(d)cos
Dot product
A.B = ABcos
A.B = AxBx + AyBy
Conservation of energy
K + U + Eth = Emech + Eth = Esys = Wext
Isolated and non-dissipative
K+U=K+U
External and dissipative
K + U + Eth = K + U + Wext
Power
P = Esys / t
P = f.v = fvcos
( x 2 + y 2 ) dm
Parallel-axis theorem
I = icm + Md2
I=
( x 2 +d 2 ) dm
torque T = rfsin()
T = rF
|T| = dF
The magnitude of gravitational torque is |t|=dmg
Therefore the torque due to gravity is -Mgxcm
Ftangential = mr
= tnet / I
rolling objects
acm = aparticle / 1+c
d = 2piR
d=vt
d=vT
vcm = R
21. Superposition