EXPERIMENT NO.

(1)
Use of Ammeter, Voltmeter and
Use of Ammeter, Voltmeter and
-Object: 1
. To be Familiar with voltage, current, and resistance measurements

-Apparatus: 2
. a-D.C. power supply
. b-Resistors (different ratings)
. c-Resistance Box
. d-Muitimeter
. e-Rheostat (variable resistance )
. f-Connecting wires and board

:Theory -3
Electrical measuring instruments are used in the
laboratories either with analogue or digital readings . For the
analogue reading instruments , the operation depends on many
physical effects, of electrical voltage / current , and generally
classified according to which of these effects is utilized in their
operation (Magnetic effect , Elector / dynamic effect , Elector /
. magnetic effect)
Various types of analogue ammeters and voltmeters are
used for measurements such as moving Iron , Moving Coil ,
Induction type for A.C only , and Electrostatic type both for A.C/D.C
voltmeter . The moving coil galvanometer can be used to construct
. ammeter , voltmeter and ohmmeter

:Ammeter
Is an instrument designed to measure the magnitude of the
. current
It is connected in series with the circuit in which the current is to be
measured , fig . (1-1a) the internal construction of the ammeter is
shown in fig . (1-1b) the shunt resistance (R sh), is very small , nearly
. zero (why?)

Connecting of ammeter for current measurement (a)

.Ammeter circuit(b)
.Fig . (1-1) Basic Ammeter

:Voltmeter
Is an instrument designed to measure the magnitude of
voltage levels in a network . The correct method . of
measuring voltage is to place the voltmeter in parallel with
the element across which the voltage is to be measured as
.shown in fig . (1-2a)
The internal construction of the voltmeter is shown in fig . (1.2b). The series resistance , (Rs), is of high value (why?)

.Connecting of Voltmeter For voltage measurement (a)

. Voltmeter circuit(b)
.Fig . (1-2) basic Voltmeter

:Ohmmeter
Is an instrument designed to measure resistance in
low , medium , and high ranges . It is different from ammeter
and voltmeter in that , it will show full-scale deflection for zero
. ohms and no deflection for infinite resistance
The zero adjust resistance (regulating resistor ) has to be
. adjusted for full-scale deflection

.Fig . (1-3) Basic Ohmmeter

:Multimeter
Since ammeters , voltmeters and ohmmeter use the
same movement they are combined into one instrument
called '' Multimeter '' which has setting dials for voltage ,
. current and resistance , A.C/D.C

: Procedure
measure 2 , 5 , 10 volt from a D.C. power supply using the-1
? voltmeter

Read the value of the resistors : 51ohm , 180ohm ,-2

?390ohm , 1kohm
? connet the ciraint in fig (1) and read the current in ciraint-3

:Discussion
. Comment on your measurements-1
?why the shunt resistor of the ammeter is small-2
?why the series resistor of the voltmeter is high-3