Mack Erle 2002

International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 79 (2002) 126
www.elsevier.com/locate/ijpvp
Review
Finite elements in the analysis of pressure vessels and piping,

an addendum: a bibliography (19982001)
Jaroslav Mackerle*
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Linkoping Institute of Technology, S-581 83 Linkoping, Sweden
Received 28 September 2001; revised 8 October 2001; accepted 8 October 2001
Abstract
The paper gives a bibliographical review of nite element methods (FEMs) applied for the analysis of pressure vessel structures/
components and piping from the theoretical as well as practical points of view. This bibliography is an addendum to the Finite elements
in the analysis of pressure vessels and pipinga bibliography (19761996) published [Int J Press Vess Piping 69 (1996) 279] and Finite
elements in the analysis of pressure vessels and piping, an addendum (19961998) published [Int J Press Vess Piping 76 (1999) 461]. The
new bibliography at the end of the paper contains approximately 670 references to papers and conference proceedings on the subject that
were published in 19982001. These are classied in the following categories: linear and nonlinear, static and dynamic, stress and deection
analyses; stability problems; thermal problems; fracture mechanics problems; contact problems; uidstructure interaction problems;
manufacturing of pipes and tubes; welded pipes and pressure vessel components; development of special nite elements for pressure vessels
and pipes; nite element software; and other topics. q 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Finite element; Bibliography; Pressure vessels; Pipes; Linear and nonlinear static and dynamic analysis; Fracture mechanics; Contact problems;
Thermal problems; Fluidstructure interaction; Welding
Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Finite elements in the analysis of pressure vessels and piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1. Linear and nonlinear, static and dynamic, stress and deection analyses (STR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2. Stability problems (STA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3. Thermal problems (THE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4. Fracture mechanics problems (FRA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.5. Contact problems (CON) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.6. Fluidstructure interaction problems (FLU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.7. Manufacturing of pipes and tubes (MAN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.8. Welded pipes and pressure vessel components (WEL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.9. Development of special nite elements for pressure vessels and pipes (ELE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.10. Finite element software (SOF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.11. Other topics (OTH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix A. A bibliography (19982001) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A.1. Linear and nonlinear, static and dynamic, stress and deection analyses (STR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A.2. Stability problems (STA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A.3. Thermal problems (THE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A.4. Fracture mechanics problems (FRA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A.5. Contact problems (CON) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A.6. Fluidstructure interaction problems (FLU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A.7. Manufacturing of pipes and tubes (MAN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
* Tel.: 146-13-28-1111; fax: 146-13-28-2717.
E-mail address: jarma@ikp.liu.se (J. Mackerle).
0308-0161/02/$ - see front matter q 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
PII: S 0308-016 1(01) 00128-4
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J. Mackerle / International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 79 (2002) 126
A.8. Welded pipes and pressure vessel components (WEL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A.9. Development of special nite elements for pressure vessels and pipes (ELE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A.10. Finite element software (SOF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A.11. Other topics (OTH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. Introduction
Pressure vessels and piping are widely used in reactor
technology, the chemical industry, marine and space engineering. They often operate under extremes of high and
low temperatures and high pressures, are becoming highly
sophisticated and therefore also need advanced methods
for their analyses. Advances are also made with materials
applied for their fabrication. Concrete and composite
materials are used in pressure vessels and their components
more frequently to replace, in some cases, conventional
steels.
During the last three decades considerable advances have
been made in the applications of numerical techniques to
analyze pressure vessels and piping problems. Among the
numerical procedures, nite element methods are the most
frequently used.
Pressure vessel and piping analyses may have a variety of
phases such as: elastic stress and deformation analysis
where both mechanical and thermal loads may be applied;
heat transfer analysis; dynamic analysis; plastic and creep
analysis; etc. There is in existence a large number of general
purpose and special purpose nite element programs available to cope with each phase of the analysis.
This review on the subject is divided into the following
parts and it concerns:
linear and nonlinear, static and dynamic, stress and
deection analyses (STR);
stability problems (STA);
thermal problems (THE);
fracture mechanics problems (FRA);
contact problems (CON);
uidstructure interaction problems (FLU);
manufacturing of pipes and tubes (MAN);
welded pipes and pressure vessel components (WEL);
development of special nite elements for pressure
vessels and pipes (ELE);
nite element software (SOF);
other topics (OTH).
The status of nite element literature published between
1976 and 2001, and divided into the categories described
earlier, is illustrated in Fig. 1. Data presented in this gure
include published technical papers in the primary literature;
this means papers appearing in the various general and
specialized journals, conference proceedings as well as
theses and dissertations. If we take the number of published
22
24
24
24
26
papers as a measure of research activity in these various

subjects, we can see the priority trend in research in the past.
This paper is organized into two parts. In the rst, each
subject listed above is briey described by keywords where
current trends in application of nite element techniques
are mentioned. The second part, Appendix A, is a listing
of references on papers published in the open literature for
the period 19982001, retrieved from the author's database MAKEBASE [1,2]. Readers interested in the nite
element literature in general are referred to Ref. [3] or to
the author's Internet Finite Element Book Bibliography
(http://www.solid.ikp.liu.se/fe/index.html). The presented
bibliography is an addendum to the author's earlier bibliographies [4,5] where approximately 1900 and 630 references, respectively, have been listed.
2. Finite elements in the analysis of pressure vessels and

piping
2.1. Linear and nonlinear, static and dynamic, stress and
deection analyses (STR)
The main topics included deal with the static and dynamic
nite element analyses of pressure vessels, their components and piping, namely: stress and deformation analysis;
2D and 3D linear elastic static and dynamic analysis;
material and geometrical nonlinear static and dynamic
analysis; shakedown analysis; stress concentration factor
studies; local stresses and deformations; free vibration
analysis; response to shock loading; cyclic loading; seismic
response analysis; random excitation; vibro-impact dynamics; estimation of residual stresses; study of mechanical
properties; creep relaxation; whipping analysis; constraint
effects; prestressing effects; boundary conditions identication; stiffness properties identication; structural integrity.
Applications to: pipes; tubes; pipelines; pressure vessels;
Fig. 1. Finite elements and various topics in pressure vessels and piping
(19762001).
reactor pressure vessels; curved pipes; cantilevered pipes;

dented pipelines; multi-supported pipelines; saddlesupported pipelines and pressure vessels; sling-supported
pressure vessels; pressure vessel heads; pressure vessel
components; anges; piping elbows; pipe bends; nozzles;
bellows; perforated tubesheets; framed-tube systems; vertical pumps; conical reducers; burst discs; PWR cores;
boilers; corroded pipes; submarine pipelines; pipeline crossings; inatable tubes; coaxial exible tubes; tubes with
coating; shell intersections.
Materials under consideration: steels; stainless steels;
aluminium; composites; polymers; lament wound composites; bre-reinforced composites; concrete-lled steel
tubes.
2.2. Stability problems (STA)
Stability problems are the main subject of this section.
Other topics included are: stability and instability; buckling;
postbuckling; local buckling; lateral buckling; torsional
buckling; lateral thermal buckling; high-temperature buckling; buckle propagation; collapse; plastic collapse.
ellipsoids and toroids; corroded pipes; braced tubes; elbows;
liners; bellows; conecylinder intersections; buckle arrestors.
Materials: steels; low-alloy steels.
2.3. Thermal problems (THE)
Heat transfer problems and thermomechanical nite
element analyses are the main subjects of this section. The
following topics are included: heat transfer analysis
natural convection, forced convection, mixed convection,
radiation, turbulent problems; thermomechanical 2D and
3D analysis; thermoviscoplastic analysis; thermal deformation analysis; thermal shock; thermal ratchetting; transient
and residual thermal stresses.
Applications to: pipes; tubes; pressure vessels; reactor
pressure vessels; PWR vessels; tube bundles; tubesheets;
ns; pipe-cooling systems; liquid metal target container;
boiler drums.
Materials: steels; zircaloy; composites; glass reinforced
plastics.
2.4. Fracture mechanics problems (FRA)
In this section fracture mechanics and fatigue problems
are handled. The listing of references in Section A.4
includes: linear and nonlinear 2D and 3D static and dynamic
fracture mechanics problems; mechanical and thermal
loading; macromechanical and micromechanical studies;
cracks; multiple cracks; crack growth; crack opening;
crack path bifurcation; crack arrest; crack shape development; circumferential cracks; longitudinal cracks; transverse cracks; axial cracks; surface cracks; through-wall
cracks; part-through cracks; tight cracks; ductile fracture;
brittle fracture; residual strength; ultimate strength; fracture
toughness; fatigue studies; thermal fatigue; multi-axial

fatigue; damage; local damage; damage identication;
creep-damage analysis; creep failure; failure behaviour;
cleavage failure; damage tolerance; creep crack growth;
aws; aw detection; cladding effects; leak-before-break;
load bearing capacity; limit load analysis; wave scattering;
ring test; squash test; wide-plate test; failure probability;
stochastic analysis; autofrettage; parametric studies.
reactor pressure vessels; bellows; elbows; nozzles; pump
casing; threaded pressure vessels; pressure vessel closures;
ring joint groove; tube-gusset plate connections; adhesively
bonded connections; reinforced branch connections; ange
joints; welded pipes; pipe couplers; pipe piers; crushed tubes;
corroded pipes; shell intersections; concrete containments.
Materials: steels; stainless steels; low-alloy steels; aluminium; zircaloy; zirconium; concrete; composites; brereinforced composites; polymers; PVC; graphiteepoxy;
refractory; functionally graded materials.
2.5. Contact problems (CON)
2D and 3D nite element studies of static and dynamic
contact problems dealing with pipes and pressure vessels are
included in this section. Other subjects under consideration
are: mechanical behaviour of joints; structures under impact
loading; blast loading effects; stress concentration factors;
expansion and residual contact pressure.
Applications to: pipes; tubes; pressure vessels; reactor
pressure vessels; tube-to-tubesheet joints; reinforced nozzle
connections; gasket seal rings; cylindrical shell connections;
casing-tubing connections; threaded connections; bolted
joints; bonded connections; adhesive butt joints; pipe ange
connections; press t joining; piping branch junctions;
multi-connected systems.
Materials: steels; stainless steels; aluminium; composites.
2.6. Fluidstructure interaction problems (FLU)
The main topics include: coupled uidstructure
response analyses; pipe/tube conveying uids; cross-owinduced vibrations; modal analysis and damping; active
modal control; dynamic analysis of uid-lled pipes;
uidstructure interaction under cavitation; large displacement uidstructure interaction; Stokes ow problems;
internal unsteady ow; gassolid ow; instability analysis.
Applications to: pipes; tubes; pressure vessels; tube
bundles; submerged perforated tubes; cylindrical shells.
Materials: steels; composites; elastomers; uids; hot
liquid sodium; high temperature uids.
2.7. Manufacturing of pipes and tubes (MAN)
The nite element simulation of manufacturing processes
is the subject of this section. The main topics listed are:
material characteristics and formability; spring-back analysis;
drawing; bulge forming; hot extrusion process; isostatic
pressing; hydro-bulge forming; roll bending; rolling;

extrudingbulging process; cold upsettingextruding; dieless forming; hydroforming; backward tube spinning; local
induction heating; pressure ltrating process; hydraulic
bulge testing.
Applications to manufacturing of: pipes; tubes; pressure
vessels and closures; non-circular tubes; tube anges; pipe
bends; toroidal shells; elbows.
Materials: steels; stainless steels; metals; copper; tungsten; composites; silicon carbide; ferromagnetic materials.
2.8. Welded pipes and pressure vessel components (WEL)
The subjects in the simulation of welding processes
included here are: 2D and 3D thermomechanical analysis;
heat transfer analysis; shrinkage analysis; assessment of
creep behaviour; residual stresses; effect of welding conditions on residual stresses; measurement of residual stresses;
burn-through prediction; effects of repair; friction welding;
seam welds; butt welds; multi-pass butt welds; multi-pass
girth welds; circular patch welds; spiral weld cladding;
bimetallic welds; wet repair welding.
Welding of: pipes; tubes; pressure vessels; reactor pressure
vessels; pipe-to-pipe; nozzles on spheres; pipeange.
Materials: steels; stainless steels; austenitic steels;
bimetallic materials.
2.9. Development of special nite elements for pressure
vessels and pipes (ELE)
In this section, references dealing with development as
well as applications of special nite elements used for
analyses of pressure vessels and piping systems are given.
The element types included are: experiences with various
types of elements; 3D special shell element; axisymmetric
thin shell element; axisymmetric hybrid-stressdisplacement element; enhanced pipe elbow element; interface
beam element.
2.10. Finite element software (SOF)
At present, thousands of nite element software packages
exist and new programs are under development. The existing software can vary from large, sophisticated, general
purpose, integrated systems to small, special purpose
programs for PCs. Most of these programs have been
mentioned and described in Ref. [4]. In Section A.10
some new references dealing with development/applications of FE software are listed. They are concerned with:
code developments for pressure vessels and piping, code
evaluations, users' experiences, etc.
2.11. Other topics (OTH)
In this section, subjects not treated earlier are included.
They deal with: static and dynamic geomechanical analyses
of pressure vessels and pipes in 2D and 3D; buried structures; soilstructure interaction; seismic studies; inspection
and maintenance; nondestructive testingeddy current,

neutron diffraction; health monitoring; design sensitivity
analysis; structural integrity assessment; pipeline bundles
on seabed; reliability analysis; optimization problems.
Applications to: crossbores; high-curvature well bores;
steam generator tubes; evacuation pipes; offshore pipelines;
pile-supported buried pipelines; metal beverage containers;
pressure vessels with embedded sensors.
Materials: steels; composites; braided composites; lament
wound composites.
Acknowledgements
The bibliography presented in Appendix A is by no means
complete, but it gives a comprehensive representation of
different nite element applications on the subject. The author
wishes to apologize for the unintentional exclusions of missing references and would appreciate receiving comments
and pointers to other relevant literature for a future update.
Appendix A. A bibliography (19982001)
This bibliography provides a list of literature references
on nite element analysis of pressure vessel structures/
components and pipes/tubes. The listings presented contain
papers published in scientic journals and conference
proceedings retrospectively to 1998. References have been
retrieved from the author's database, MAKEBASE. They
are grouped into the same sections described in the rst
part of this paper, and are sorted alphabetically according
to the rst author's name. In some cases, if a specic paper
is relevant to several subject categories, the same reference
is listed under the respective section headings.
A.1. Linear and nonlinear, static and dynamic, stress and
deection analyses (STR)
1. STR Abdel-Hamid AN, Farahat WA. Evaluation of
stresses in piping systems subjected to unspecied
random excitation. 17th Int Modal Anal Conf. Kissimmee: IMAC, 1999. p. 4639.
2. STR Abdel-Haq M, et al. Constraint effects on energy
absorption in unidirectional PMC tubes. J Compos
Mater 1999;33(9):77493.
3. STR Abhary K, et al. Exact analytical method for
stress analysis of pipelines. Int J Press Vess Piping
1999; 76(8):5615.
4. STR Afshari P, Widera GEO. Free vibration analysis
of composite plates. J Press Vess Technol, ASME
2000; 122(3):3908.
5. STR Al-Hassani STS, Vartdal B. Investigation into the
effect of circumferential through-wall slits on a cantilevered pipe subjected to a transverse end load. Proc
Inst Mech Engng, Part E 1998;212(3):16370.
6. STR Alexander CR. Analysis of dented pipelines
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
considering constrained and unconstrained dent

congurations. 1999 ASME Energy Sources Technology Conference, Houston. New York: ASME, 1999.
p. 113.
STR Alleyne DN, et al. The reection of guided waves
from circumferential notches in pipes. J Appl Mech,
ASME 1998;65(3):63541.
STR Averbuch D, et al. Implementation of elastoplastic material laws in dynamic riser analysis with applications to reeled pipes. 9th International Offshore
Polar Engineering Conference, ISOPE, vol. 2. 1999.
p. 2727.
STR Babu S, Iyer PK. Inelastic analysis of components
using a modulus adjustment scheme. J Press Vess
Technol, ASME 1998;120(1):15.
STR Babu S, Iyer PK. A robust method for inelastic
analysis of components made of anisotropic material.
J Press Vess Technol, ASME 1999;121(2):1549.
STR Badr EA, et al. An analytical procedure for estimating residual stresses in blocks containing crossbores. Int J Press Vess Piping 2000;77(12):73749.
STR Baniotopoulos CC, Preftitsi F. Inuence of the
design parameters on the stress state of saddlesupported pipelines: an articial neural network
approach. Int J Press Vess Piping 1999;76(7):4019.
STR Beltman WM, et al. The structural response of
cylindrical shells to internal shock loading. J Press
Vess Technol, ASME 1999;121(3):31522.
STR Betten J, Krieger J. Bestimmung des Aushartungseinusses bei FVK-Bauteilen mittels FEA. ZAMM
1999;79(S3):8556.
STR Binienda WK, Wang Y. Residual stress reduction
in lament wound composite tubes. J Reinf Plast
Compos 1999;18(8):684701.
STR Blachut J, Jaiswal OR. On the choice of initial
geometric imperfections in externally pressurized
shells.
J
Press
Vess
Technol,
ASME
1999;121(1):716.
STR Burdekin FM, Lidbury DPG. Views of TAGSI on
the current position with regard to benets of warm
prestressing. Int J Press Vess Piping 1999;76(13):885
90.
STR Carter P. Stress analysis and design for cyclic
loading. J Press Vess Technol, ASME 2000;122(4);
42730.
STR Chan WS, Demirhan KC. A simple closed-form
solution of bending stiffness for laminated composite
tubes. J Reinf Plast Compos 2000;19(4):27891.
STR Chawla DS, et al. Assessment of operability and
structural integrity of a vertical pump for extreme
loads. Int J Press Vess Piping 1998;75(4):297306.
STR Cohn MJ, Yee RK. Creep relaxation behavior of
high energy piping. ASME/JSME Joint Pressure
Vessel Piping Conference PVP 380, New York:
ASME, 1998. p. 13550.
STR Cunha J, Piranda J. Identication of stiffness pro-
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
perties of composite tubes from dynamic tests. Exp

Mech 2000;40(2):2118.
STR Da Dilveira JLL, et al. Shakedown and limit
analysis in a pressure vessel. Fourth World Cong
Comput Mech, Buenos Aires, 1998. p. 198.
STR Datta TK. Seismic response of buried pipelines:
a state-of-the-art review. Nucl Engng Des 1999;
192(2/3):27184.
STR Desikan V, Sethuraman R. Analysis of material
nonlinear problems using pseudo-elastic nite element
method.
J
Press
Vess
Technol,
ASME
2000;122(4):45761.
STR El-Abbasi N, et al. Three-dimensional nite
element analysis of saddle supported pressure vessels.
Int J Mech Sci 2001;43(5):122942.
STR Filippov SB, et al. Free vibrations of square elastic tubes with a free end. Mech Res Commun 2000;
27(4):45764.
STR Franco JRQ, Barros FB. Advances in nite
element modelling of plastic behaviour of pressure
vessels. 4th World Cong Comput Mech, Buenos Aires.
1998. p. 185.
STR Frikha S, et al. Boundary condition identication
using condensation and inversionapplication to
operating
piping
network. J
Sound
Vib
2000;233(3):495514.
STR Fyrileiv O, et al. Free span assessment of the
Zeepipe IIA pipeline. 17th Int Conf Offshore Mech
Arctic Engng. Lisbon: OMAE, 1998. p. 18.
STR Goncalves JPM, De Castro PMST. Application of
the line spring model to some complex geometries,
and comparison with three-dimensional results. Int J
Press Vess Piping 1999;76(8):55160.
STR Hajjar JF, et al. Distributed plasticity model for
concrete-lled steel tube beam-columns with interlayer slip. Engng Struct 1998;20(8):66376.
STR Halldorsson B. On modeling of earthquake wave
motion and its effects on multi-support pipelines. Acta
Polytech Scand, Civ Engng Build Cons 1999;(115):1
29.
STR Hamilton R, et al. A simple upper-bound method
for calculating approximate shakedown loads. J Press
STR Hari Y, Williams DK. Analysis of transition radii in
conical reducers. ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess Piping
Conf PVP 360. New York: ASME, 1998. p. 33542.
STR Hauch S, Bai Y. Bending moment capacity of
groove corroded pipes. 10th Int Offshore Polar Engng
Conf, Seattle. 2000. p. 25362.
STR Hersh CL, Herakovich CT. Local effects in
stiffened composite tubes under generalized plane deformation. J Compos Mater 1999;33(5):42042.
STR Hsieh CS, et al. Investigation of anges subjected
to operating conditions of pressure, temperature and
bending moments. ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess Piping
39. STR Hsu PW. Stresses in a uniformly paralelepiped solid

with a pressurized cylindrical cavity. 42nd Str, Str Dyn
Mater Conf, Seattle. 2001. p. 294750.
40. STR Hu G, et al. Mechanical behaviour of lamentwound glass-bre/epoxy-resin tubes. III. Macromechanical model of the macroscopic behaviour of
tubular structures. Compos Sci Technol 1998;58(1):
1929.
41. STR Hyer MW, Riddick JC. Internal pressure loading of
segmented-stiffness composite cylinders. Compos Struct
1999;45(4):31120.
42. STR Jacquelin E, et al. Modelling the behaviour of a
PWR core by a homogenization technique. Comp
Meth Appl Mech Engng 1999;155(1/2):113.
43. STR Jones DP, Holliday JE. Elasticplastic analysis of
the PVRC burst disk tests with comparison to the ASME
code primary stress limits. J Press Vess Technol, ASME
2000;122(2):14651.
44. STR Jones DP, et al. Application of equivalent elastic
methods in three-dimensional nite element structural
analysis. J Press Vess Technol, ASME 1999;121(3):
28390.
45. STR Kabir MZ. Computer analysis of lament overwrapped metallic pressure vessels with an optimum
head shape. 6th Int Conf Comput Meth Compos Mater,
Montreal. Southampton: CMP, 1998. p. 48392.
46. STR Kabir MZ. Finite element analysis of composite
pressure vessels with a load sharing metallic liner.
Compos Struct 2000;49(3):24755.
47. STR Kalliontzis C. Non-linear nite element simulations
of highly curved submarine pipelines. Commun Numer
Meth Engng 1998;14(11):106788.
48. STR Kalliontzis C. Geometric nonlinear modelling of
submarine pipeline crossings. Int J Offshore Polar
Engng 1998;8(4):292302.
49. STR Kardaras C, Lu G. Finite element analysis of thin
walled tubes under point loads subjected to large
plastic deformation. Key Engng Mater 2000;177180:
7338.
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102. STR Sattari-Far I, Dahlberg L. Sensitivity study of the
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106. STR Seibi AC, Al-Shabibi AM. Pipe bending and
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108. STR Shalaby MA, Younan MYA. Nonlinear analysis
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THE Keim E, et al. Life management of reactor pressure vessels under pressurized thermal shock loading:
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36. THE Sen S, et al. Transient and residual thermal stresses
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37. THE Schimpfke T, et al. Simulation of the structuremechanical behaviour of a PWR coolant loop under
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38. THE Seibi AC, Amateau MF. Finite element modelling
11
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stresses of laminated composite tubes. Compos Struct
1998;41(2):1517.
39. THE Taler J, et al. Analysis of thermal stresses in a
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40. THE Tsai SF, Sheu TWH. Some physical insights into a
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3. FRA Andrade-Lima E, Bruno AC. Improving the
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6. FRA Bass BR, et al. An investigation of cladding
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9. FRA Bhandari S, et al. Creep-damage analysis:
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10. FRA Bhuyan GS, et al. Prediction of failure behavior
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11. FRA Bouchard PJ, et al. J-integral and local damage
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12
12. FRA Bouyne E, et al. Mechanical and microstructural

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16. FRA Brighenti R. External longitudinal aws in pipes
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17. FRA Brocca M, Bazant ZP. Evaluation of tube-squash
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18. FRA Brown RG, et al. Fitness for service evaluation of
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19. FRA Burande S, Sethuraman R. Computational simulation of fatigue crack growth and demonstration of
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20. FRA Cai W, et al. Nonlinear analysis on residual
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26. FRA Carpinteri A, et al. Fatigue growth simulation of
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27. FRA Casey GA, et al. Stress intensity factors for
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29. FRA Chamis CC, Minnetyan L. Defect/damage tolerance of pressurized ber composite shells. Compos
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30. FRA Chang YS, et al. A parametric study on the fracture mechanics analysis of elbow with surface crack.
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31. FRA Chapuliot S, et al. Stress intensity factors for
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32. FRA Chattopadhyay J, et al. Leak-before-break qualication of primary heat transport piping of 500 MWE
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33. FRA Chen HF, Shu D. Simplied limit analysis of
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34. FRA Chen HF, Shu DW. Lower and upper bound limit
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35. FRA Chen HF, Shu DW. The effects of the distance
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36. FRA Chen HF, Shu DW. The load carrying capacity of
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37. FRA Chen HF, Shu DW. Numerical method for lower
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38. FRA Chiesa M, et al. Efcient fracture assessment
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39. FRA Choi JB, et al. Effect of cladding on stress intensity factors in the pressure vessel. ASME/JSME Joint
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40. FRA Choi SN, et al. Effect of cladding on the stress
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41. FRA Chung M, et al. 3-D analysis and validation of a
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42. FRA Cowan AL, et al. Crack path bifurcation at a tear
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43. FRA Cui X, et al. Analysis on the elastic load bearing
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44. FRA Das J, Sivakumar SM. An evaluation of multiaxial fatigue life assessment methods for engineering
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45. FRA Dhar S, et al. A continuum damage mechanics
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2000;77(6):33544.
46. FRA Dinovitzer AS, et al. Strain-based failure criteria for

sharp part-wall defects in pipelines. 1998 Int Pipeline
Conf, Calgary. New York: ASME, 1998. p. 25561.
47. FRA Dixon RD, Perez EH. Effects of cross-bores on
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48. FRA Eisinger FL, Francis JT. Acoustically induced
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49. FRA Endicott JS, Leventry SC. Ultimate strength of
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50. FRA Estrada H, Parsons ID. Strength and leakage
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51. FRA Feng H, et al. Finite element modelling of lowtemperature autofrettage of thick-walled tubes of the
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52. FRA Feng H, et al. Finite element modelling of lowtemperature autofrettage of thick-walled tubes of the
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53. FRA Folias ES, Perry LJ. Failure of a threaded
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1999;76(10):68592.
54. FRA Foxen J, Rahman S. Elasticplastic analysis of
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55. FRA Goldthorpe MR, Wiesner CS. Micromechanical
prediction of fracture toughness for pressure vessel
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1999;1332:34163.
56. FRA Goncalves R, Casanova EL. Stress intensication
factors for encirclement sleeve reinforced branch
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57. FRA Gong JM, et al. Damage assessment and maintenance strategy of hydrogen reformer furnace tubes.
Engng Failure Anal 1999;6(3):14353.
58. FRA Grant RJ, Smart J. Crack growth in pin-loaded
tubes. II. Comparison of experimental data with
numerical results. J Strain Anal Engng Des
1999;34(4):27184.
59. FRA Han J, Yamazaki K. A study on maximization of
dynamic crushing energy absorption of square tubes
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2000;43(2):13845.
60. FRA Han LH, et al. Limit moment of local wall thinning in pipe under bending. Int J Press Vess Piping
1999; 76(8):53942.
61. FRA Harris DO, Woytowitz PJ. Fully plastic J-integrals for through-wall axial cracks in pipes. ASTM
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13
62. FRA Hassan T, Liu Z. On the difference of fatigue

strengths from rotating bending, four-point bending,
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2001;78(1):1930.
63. FRA Hassan T, et al. Improved ratchetting analysis of
piping components. Int J Press Vess Piping 1998;
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64. FRA Hayhurst DR, Perrin IJ. Continuum damage
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65. FRA Hong SJ, et al. A study on crushing characteristics of thick-walled aluminum tubes under axial loading. Int J Crashworth 1998;3(3):22536.
66. FRA Hoogkamer D, et al. Damage tolerance of
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67. FRA Hornet P, Comparison of experimental results,
FE calculations and analytical approach on the fracture
behavior of circumferential through wall cracked
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68. FRA Hornet P, Eripret C. Fracture behaviour of
circumferential through wall cracked welded pipes in
four point bending. Engng Fract Mech 1999;
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69. FRA Hornet P, et al. Failure probability calculation of
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1998. p. 37.
70. FRA Hou YC, et al. Fracture analysis of welded pipes
with consideration of residual stresses. ASME/JSME
ASME, 1998. p. 4337.
71. FRA Hsieh MF, et al. Nozzles in the knuckle region of
a torispherical head: limit load interaction under
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72. FRA Hu HT, Liang JI. Ultimate analysis of BWR
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73. FRA Huang X, et al. Collapse strength analysis of
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74. FRA Huh NS, et al. Prediction of piping failure behavior using wide-plate test. Key Engng Mater
2000;183187:65560.
75. FRA Huo L, et al. Effect of mismatching on J-integral
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62.
76. FRA Huo L, et al. Reliability calculation for
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14
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2000;183187:6138.
FRA Huo LX, et al. Effect of the mismatching of
J-integral for pipe welded joint with circumferential
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FRA Huysmans G, et al. Structural analysis of GRP
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FRA Hyde TH, et al. Assessment of the use of nite
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FRA Hyde TH, et al. Experimental and nite element
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FRA Hyde TH, et al. Prediction of creep failure life of
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FRA Hyde TH, et al. Effect of weld angle and axial
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FRA Jones DP, Holliday JE. Elasticplastic analysis
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FRA Jones DP, et al. Elasticplastic failure analysis of
pressure burst tests of thin toroidal shells. J Press Vess
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FRA Jun HK, et al. Plastic collapse solutions based on
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FRA Keeney JA, Williams PT. Fracture analysis of
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1999; 1332:85161.
FRA Kim CH, et al. Welding residual stress analysis
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FRA Kim JH, Hwang IS. Elastic plastic fracture
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FRA Kim WB. Ultimate strength of tube-gusset plate
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2001;23(11):141826.
FRA Kim YJ, et al. Development of modied piping
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FRA Kisioglu Y, et al. Determination of burst pressure
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FRA Knox EM, et al. Fatigue performance of adhesively bonded connections in GRE pipes. Int J Fatigue
2000; 22(6):5139.
FRA Kobidze G, Lord W. Tight crack modeling for the
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FRA Koh SK. Fatigue analysis of autofrettaged pressure vessels with radial holes. Int J Fatigue
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FRA Kosai M, et al. Axial crack propagation and arrest
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FRA Koundy V, et al. Effects of torsional buckling on
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FRA Koyama K, et al. Low alloy steel piping test for
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FRA Kriel CJ, Heyns PS. Damage identication on
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FRA Kuroda M, et al. Inuence of precipitated hydride
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FRA Kwon O, et al. The development of a multiaxial
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FRA Labbe F, Donoso JR. An optimal nite element
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FRA Lapsley C, Mackenzie D. Autofrettage of thick
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FRA Le Delliou P, et al. Analysis of a bending test on a
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FRA Lee H, Parks DM. Line-spring nite element for
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171. FRA Pavankumar TV, et al. Numerical investigations
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FRA Rahman S, Kim JS. Probabilistic fracture
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18
201. FRA Seshadri R, Wu S. Robust estimation of inelastic

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205. FRA Shen FZ, et al. Two methods for assessment of
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206. FRA Shibata H. Seismic hazard and damages
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212. FRA Su B, Bhuyan GS. Elasto-plastic fracture properties of an all-aluminum gas cylinder with different
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214. FRA Su B, Bhuyan GS. Fracture analysis on the metallined hoop-wrapped cylinders with internal axial
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218. FRA Su B, Bhuyan GS. Fracture analyses on the allmetal cylinders and the metal-lined hoop-wrapped
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222. FRA Sun W, et al. Prediction of creep failure life of
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226. FRA Tanaka M, Yamamoto Y. 2D and 3D collapse
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19
249. FRA Yokoyama A, Tateishi M. Numerical simulation

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250. FRA Yoneno M, et al. The strength of joints combining adhesives with bolts (case where adherends are
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251. FRA Zarrabi K, Modarres-Motlagh, A. Approximate
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20
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
motions. Part II. Numerical examples by MSE and FEM

results. 8th Int Offshore Polar Engng Conf, Montreal,
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CON Chung JS. 3-D responses of vertical pipe bottom
pin-joined to a horizontal pipe to ship motion and thrust
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2000. p. 17.
CON Chung JS, Cheng B. MSE and FEM modeling of
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CON Chung JS, Cheng B. 3-D response of vertical pipe
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p. 26571.
CON Coppola T, et al. Simulation of complex mechanical and thermal loading conditions on OCTG premium
connections by means of nite element modelling. 4th
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CON Folias ES, Perry LJ. Failure of a threaded
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CON Fukuoka T, Takaki T. Mechanical behaviors of
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CON Fukuoka T, Takaki T. Three-dimensional nite
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CON Gunay D, Aydemir A. Stress analysis in adhesive
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CON Harrigan JJ, et al. Inertia effects in impact energy
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CON Hashim SA, et al. Integrity of bonded joints in large
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CON Huang FY, Shi GL. Finite element analysis of
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CON Jing YY, Barton DC. The response of square crosssection tubes under lateral impact loading.
Int J Crashworth 1998;3(4):35977.
CON Kalliontzis C. Numerical simulation of submarine pipelines in dynamic contact with a moving
seabed. Earthquake Engng Struct Dynam 1998;
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CON Knox EM, et al. Creep analysis of adhesively
bonded connections in GRE pipes including the effect
of defects. Composites, Part A 2000;31(6):58390.
CON Knox EM, et al. Design guidance and structural
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CON Kobayashi T. Finite element analysis of self-
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
sealing pipe ange connections. ASME/JSME Joint

1998. p. 3540.
CON Lehnhoff TF, Bunyard BA. Bolt thread and head
llet stress concentration factors. J Press Vess Technol,
ASME 2000;122(2):1805.
CON Lehnhoff TF, Bunyard BA. Effects of bolt threads
on the stiffness of bolted joints. J Press Vess Technol,
ASME 2001;123(2):1615.
CON Leu DK. Finite element simulation of the lateral
compression of aluminium tube between rigid plates.
Int J Mech Sci 1999;41(6):62138.
CON Meniconi LCM, et al. Preliminary design of
composite riser stress joints. Composites, Part A
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CON Millan C, et al. Finite element calculation of a
press t joint between a composite materials tube
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CON Moffat DG, et al. Effective stress factor correlation equations for piping branch junctions under
internal pressure loading. J Press Vess Technol,
ASME 1999;121(2):1216.
CON Plancq D, Berton MN. Limit analysis based on
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loading. Int J Press Vess Piping 1998;75(11):81925.
CON Reddy GR, et al. Decoupling criteria for multiconnected equipment. J Press Vess Technol, ASME
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CON Sang ZF, et al. Effect of gap between pad and
vessel for moment loading on nozzle. J Press Vess
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CON Sawa T, et al. Stress analysis of stainless steel
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CON Shen WQ, Chen KS. An investigation on the
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CON Skopinsky VN. Comparative study of reinforced
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CON Stevens RR, Rojas SP. Blast connement in pressure vessels. Proc SPIE 2000;4062:32834.
CON Strub C, et al. Analysis of slug impact against the
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07 with the nite element code PLEXUS. ASME/JSME
ASME, 1998. p. 1926.
CON Stubbleeld MA, et al. Heat-activated joining
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CON Suzuki S, et al. Development of divertor plate with
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38. CON Vilhelmsen T. Reference stress solutions of at

end to cylindrical shell connection and comparison with
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39. CON Webb DC, et al. Finite element simulation of
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2001;6(3):399423.
40. CON Yoneno M, et al. The strength of joints combining
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41. CON Yoshii Y, et al. Experimental study of bond of
anchor pipe with ribs embedded in the caisson type
foundation. Proc Jpn Soc Civil Engng 1998;606(V-4):
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42. CON Zeinoddini M, et al. Contribution of ring resistance in the behaviour of steel tubes subjected to a
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A.6. Fluidstructure interaction problems (FLU)
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2000;122(3):34954.
2. FLU Au-Yang MK. Joint and cross acceptances for crossow-induced vibration. Part II. Charts and applications.
J Press Vess Technol, ASME 2000; 122(3):35561.
3. FLU Baba K, et al. A simple method for uidstructure
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directions. ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess Piping Conf
5. FLU Hansson PA, Sandberg G. Dynamic nite element
analysis of uid-lled pipes. Comp Meth Appl Mech
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6. FLU Heil M. Stokes ow in an elastic tubea large
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7. FLU Jo JC, Shin WK. Fluidelastic instability analysis
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8. FLU Kawaguchi T, et al. Numerical analysis of density
wave in dense gas-solid ows in a vertical pipe. Prog
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9. FLU Koo GH, Yoo B. Dynamic characteristics of
KALIMER IHTS hot leg piping system conveying hot
liquid sodium. Int J Press Vess Piping 2000;
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10. FLU Lee U, Kim J. Dynamics of branched pipeline
systems conveying internal unsteady ow. J Vibrat
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21
11. FLU Lin YH, Chu CL. Active modal control of

Timoshenko pipes conveying uid. J Chin Inst Engng
2001;24(1):6574.
12. FLU Perov S, et al. Vibration analysis of the pressure
vessel internals of WWER-1000 type reactors with
consideration of uidstructure interaction. Annals
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13. FLU Ross CTF, Little APF. The vibration of a corrugated carbon bre pressure vessel under external
hydrostatic pressure. Proc Inst Mech Engng, Part C
2000;214(10):1299311.
14. FLU Sinha JK, Moorthy RIK. Added mass of
submerged perforated tubes. Nucl Engng Des
1999;193(1/2):2331.
15. FLU Sinha JK, et al. Finite element simulation of
dynamic behavior of open-ended cantilever pipe
conveying uid. J Sound Vib 2001;240(1):18994.
16. FLU Sinitsyn EN, et al. Numerical simulation crossow-induced uidelastic vibration of curved tube
bundles. 3rd Int Conf Engng Aero-Hydroelast, Czech
Republic. 1999. p. 35661.
17. FLU Tooth AS, et al. The support of horizontal vessels
containing high-temperature uidsa design study.
18. FLU Zhang YL, et al. Analysis of the vibration of pipes
conveying uid. Proc Inst Mech Engng, Part C
1999;213(8):84960.
19. FLU Zhang YL, et al. A modal and damping analysis
of viscoelastic Timoshenko tubes conveying uid. Int
J Num Meth Engng 2001;50(2):41933.
20. FLU Zhang YL, et al. Observations on the vibration of
axially tensioned elastomeric pipes conveying uid.
Proc Inst Mech Engng, Part C 2000;214(3):42334.
21. FLU Zhang YL, et al. A nite element method for
modeling the vibration of initially tensioned thin-walled
orthotropic cylindrical tubes conveying uid. J Sound
Vib 2001;245(1):93112.
A.7. Manufacturing of pipes and tubes (MAN)
1. MAN Altan T, et al. Evaluation of tube formability and
material characteristics: hydraulic bulge testing of
tubes. J Mater Process Technol 2000;98(1):3440.
2. MAN Asna N, Skogsgardh A. Theoretical and experimental analysis of stroke-controlled tube hydroforming.
Mater Sci Engng A 2000;279(1/2):95110.
3. MAN Carleer B, et al. Analysis of the effect of material
properties on the hydroforming process of tubes. J
Mater Process Technol 2000;104(1/2):15866.
4. MAN Chen FK. Formability analysis of tube-hydroforming process. Appl Mech Engng 1999;4(1):14969.
5. MAN Droschel M, et al. Silicon carbide evaporator
tubes with porosity gradient designed by nite element
calculations. Mater Sci Forum 1999;308311:8206.
6. MAN Droschel M, et al. Simulation of pressure
22
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
ltrating process for making porosity graded silicon

carbide evaporator tubes. Mater Sci Forum 1999;308
311:8149.
MAN Du F, et al. Numerical prediction on drawing tube
without plug. Engng Mech 1998;15(3):7781.
MAN Furugen M, et al. Characteristics of deformation
in hot extrusion process of stainless steel tube. J Iron
Steel Inst Jpn 1999;85(11):8015.
MAN Hashmi MSJ, Ahmed M. Finite element simulation of bulge forming of an elbow of box section from
circular tube. J Mater Process Technol 1999;92
93:4108.
MAN Henderson RJ, et al. Bag design in isostatic pressing. Mater Des 2000;21(4):25962.
MAN Hu Z. Elasto-plastic solutions for spring-back
angle of pipe bending using local induction heating.
J Mater Process Technol 2000;102(1/3):1038.
MAN Hu Z, Li JQ. Computer simulation of pipebending processes with small bending radius using
local induction heating. J Mater Process Technol
1999;91(1/3):759.
MAN Kildishev AV, et al. Deperming technology in
large ferromagnetic pipes. IEEE Trans Magnetics
1999;35(5):39079.
MAN Kirby DS, Wild PM. Deep drawing of pressure
vessel and closures: nite element simulation and validation. J Mater Process Technol 2000;103(2):24760.
MAN Kleiner M, et al. Die-less forming of sheet metal
parts. J Mater Process Technol 2000;103(1):10913.
MAN Koc M, et al. On the characteristics of tubular
materials for hydroformingexperimentation and
analysis. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 2001;41(5):76172.
MAN Li K, et al. Research on the distribution of the
displacement in backward tube spinning. J Mater
Process Technol 1998;79(1/3):1858.
MAN Livatyali H, et al. Roll bending irregular shapes
from plate and sheet. TPJTube Pipe J 1999;
10(4):3641.
MAN Mac Donald BJ, Hashmi MSJ. Finite element
simulation of bulge forming of a cross-joint from a
tubular blank. J Mater Process Technol 2000;
103(3):33342.
MAN Massoni E, Aliaga C. 2D numerical simulation of
tube hydroforming process. 4th World Cong Comput
Mech, Buenos Aires. 1998. p. 1116.
MAN Montecinos RJ, Arauco ES. An investigation into
the rolling process of copper tubes. J Mater Process
Technol 1999;95(1/3):13944.
MAN Nielsen KB, et al. Optimization of sheet metal
forming processes by a systematic application of nite
element simulations. 2nd Europ LS-DYNA Conf,
Gothenburg. 1999. p. A316.
MAN Parker RB, et al. Residual stresses in an Inconel
718 clad tungsten tube processed by hot iso-static
pressing. Mater Sci Forum 2000;347349:22934.
MAN Rask I, Thuvesen D. Simulation of an engineering
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
processtube hydroforming. 2nd Europ LS-DYNA

Conf, Gothenburg. 1999. p. C2333.
MAN Skogsgardh A. FE-simulation of tube hydroforming. 2nd Europ LS-DYNA Conf, Gothenburg.
1999. p. E2331.
MAN Smith MQ, et al. Full-scale wrinkling tests and
analyses of large diameter corroded pipes. 1998 Int
p. 54351.
MAN Sokolowski T, et al. Evaluation of tube formability and material characteristics: hydraulic bulge
testing of tubes. J Mater Process Technol 2000;
98(1):3440.
MAN Teng BG, et al. Experimental and numerical
simulation of hydro-forming toroidal shells with
different initial structure. Int J Press Vess Piping
2001;78(1):314.
MAN Wang C, et al. 3-D rigid plastic FEM simulation
of extrudingbulging process of tee tubes. Trans
Nonferr Met Soc China 1999;9(2):24954.
MAN Wang Z, et al. Numerical and experimental
research of the cold upsettingextruding of tube
anges. J Mater Process Technol 2001;110(1):2835.
MAN Xu S, et al. Deformation and stress elds of noncircular tubes in roll forming process. J Univ Sci Tech
Beijing 1999;21(5):4558.
MAN Xu Y, et al. 3D rigid-plastic FEM numerical
simulation on backward tube spinning. Chin J Nonferr
Metals 1999;9(S1):199203.
MAN Xu Y, et al. 3D rigid-plastic FEM numerical
simulation on tube spinning. J Mater Process Technol
2001;113(1/3):7103.
MAN Yang H, et al. Application of similar theory to the
computer simulation of the tube drawing. J Univ Sci
Technol Beijing 1999;21(3):2847.
MAN Zhang SH, et al. Integral hydro-bulge forming of
pressure vessel heads. J Mater Process Technol
1999;86(1/3):1849.
MAN Zhao Y, et al. Integral ange for lament wound
composite pipefabrication and analysis. ASME/
York: ASME, 1998. p. 759.
A.8. Welded pipes and pressure vessel components (WEL)

1. WEL Basavaraju C. Simplied analysis of shrinkage
in pipe to pipe butt welds. Nucl Engng Des
2000;197(3):23947.
2. WEL Brickstad B, Josefson BL. Parametric study of
residual stresses in multi-pass butt-welded stainless
steel pipes. Int J Press Vess Piping 1998;75(1):1125.
3. WEL Chellapandi P, Chetal SC. Inuence of mis-match
of weld and base material creep properties on elevated
temperature design of pressure vessels and piping. Nucl
Engng Des 2000;195(2):18996.
4. WEL Dekker CJ, Brink HJ. Nozzles on spheres with

outward weld area under internal pressure analysed by
FEM and thin shell theory. Int J Press Vess Piping
2000;77(7):399415.
5. WEL Devaux J, et al. Evaluation of the integrity of
PWR bimetallic welds. J Press Vess Technol, ASME
2000;122(3):36873.
6. WEL Dong P. Residual stress analyses of a multi-pass
girth weld: 3-D special shell versus axisymmetric
models. J Press Vess Technol, ASME 2001;
123(2):20713.
7. WEL Dong P, Brust FW. Welding residual stresses
and effects on fracture in pressure vessel and piping
components: a millennium review and beyond. J Press
8. WEL Dong P, et al. Effects of repair weld residual
stresses on wide-panel specimens loaded in tension.
9. WEL Dickson TL, et al. Inclusion of weld residual
stress in fracture margin assessments of embrittled
nuclear reactor pressure vessels. ASME/JSME Joint
1998. p. 38795.
10. WEL Dupas P, et al. Evaluation of residual stress
measurement techniques and nite element simulations on friction welded pipes. ASME/JSME Joint
1998. p. 43946.
11. WEL Hyde TH, et al. Effect of weld angle and axial
load on the creep failure behaviour of an internally
pressurised thick walled CrMoV pipe weld. Int J Press
Vess Piping 2001;78(5):36572.
12. WEL Hyde TH, et al. Assessment of creep behaviour
of a narrow gap weld. Int J Press Vess Piping
1999;76(8):51525.
13. WEL Kim CH, et al. Welding residual stress analysis
and fatigue crack growth characteristics of multipass welded pipe weldment. Key Engng Mater
2000;183187:134550.
14. WEL Kockelmann H, et al. Investigation of residual
stresses in a shape welded steel tube by the time-ofight neutron diffraction technique. Mater Sci Forum
2000;321:72631.
15. WEL Koundy V, et al. Creep behavior of a large fullsize welded austenitic steel plate. J Press Vess Technol,
ASME 1998;120(3):2629.
16. WEL Law M, et al. Creep modeling of welded joints
using the theta projection concept and nite element
analysis. J Press Vess Technol, ASME 2000;
122(1):226.
17. WEL Law M, et al. Modelling the creep behaviour of a
reheat header longitudinal weld. Int J Press Vess Piping
2000;77(2/3):99103.
18. WEL Mochizuki M, et al. Comparison of ve evaluation methods of residual stress in a welded pipe joint.
JSME Inter J, Ser A 1999;42(1):10410.
23
19. WEL Nakacho K, Ueda Y. A simple estimating method

for reduction of welding residual stresses in thick
welded joint from stress-relief annealing. Part II. J
20. WEL Oddy AS, McDill JMJ. Burnthrough prediction in
pipeline welding. Int J Fracture 1999;97(1/4):24961.
21. WEL Sabapathy PN, et al. The prediction of burnthrough during in-service welding of gas pipelines. Int
J Press Vess Piping 2000;77(11):66977.
22. WEL Sablik MJ, et al. Finite element modeling of creep
damage effects on a magnetic detector signal for a seam
weld/HAZ-region in a steel pipe. IEEE Trans Magnetics
1998;34(4):21568.
23. WEL Sablik MJ, et al. Finite element modeling of
magnetoacoustic emission and of stress-induced
magnetic effects at seam welds in steel pipes. J Appl
Phys 2001;89(11):67313.
24. WEL Sadaoka N, et al. Development of analysis system
for ow-induced vibrations in piping systems. In:
New York: ASME, 1998. p. 13542.
25. WEL Souza LT, Murray DW. Analysis for wrinkling
behavior of girth-welded line pipe. J Offshore Mech
Arctic Engng, ASME 1999;121(1):5361.
26. WEL Taljat B, et al. Numerical analysis of residual
stress distribution in tubes with spiral weld cladding.
Weld J 1998;77(8):32835.
27. WEL Taran YV, et al. Measurements of residual stresses in a shape welded steel tube by neutron and X-ray
diffraction. Textures Microstruct 1999;33(1/4):23142.
28. WEL Taran YV, et al. The time-of-ight neutron
diffraction measurements of residual stresses in a
shape welded steel tube. Mater Sci Forum 2000;347
349:6405.
29. WEL Teng TL, Chang PH. Three-dimensional thermomechanical analysis of circumferentially welded
thin-walled pipes. Int J Press Vess Piping 1998;
75(3):23747.
30. WEL Teng TL, Lin CC. Effect of welding conditions on
residual stresses due to butt welds. Int J Press Vess
Piping 1998;75(12):85764.
31. WEL Teng TL, et al. Finite element analysis of circular
patch welds. Int J Press Vess Piping 2000;77(11):643
50.
32. WEL Terry PC. Analysis of thermal stresses at dissimilar metal pipe welds. Pract Period Str Des Constr
1999;4(1):136.
33. WEL Troive L, et al. Experimental and numerical study
of multi-pass welding process of pipeange joints.
34. WEL Tsuboi H, et al. Eddy current analysis for the pipe
welding. IEEE Trans Magnetics 1998;34(4):12346.
35. WEL Wernicke R, Pohl R. Underwater wet repair
welding and strength testing on pipepatch joints.
17th Int Conf Offshore Mech Arctic Engng. Lisbon:
OMAE, 1998. p. 18.
24
36. WEL Wernicke R, Pohl R. Underwater wet repair

welding and strength testing on pipepatch joints. J
Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, ASME 1998;120(4):
23742.
37. WEL Xue H, Shi Y. Effects of mechanical heterogeneity on plastic zones of welded three-point bend
specimens. Int J Press Vess Piping 1998;75(7):57580.
38. WEL Zhang J, Dong P. 3-D residual stress characteristics in pipe repair welds. Trends Welding Res, ASM Int
1998:94954.
A.9. Development of special nite elements for pressure
vessels and pipes (ELE)
1. ELE Arabyan A, Jiang Y. Consistent dynamic nite
element formulation for a pipe using Euler parameters.
Shock Vib 1998;5(2):1117.
2. ELE Dong P. Residual stress analyses of a multi-pass
girth weld: 3-D special shell versus axisymmetric
models. J Press Vess Technol, ASME 2001; 123(2):
20713.
3. ELE Franco JRQ, Barros FB. A new general axisymmetrical thin shell element for the FE computation of limit
loads of pressure vessels. 4th World Cong Comput Mech,
Buenos Aires. 1998. p. 327.
4. ELE Hechmer JL, Hollinger GL. Assessment of the
ASME code stress limits for 3D, solid element, nite
element analyses: summary of the PVRC project.
5. ELE Karadeniz H. Interface beam element for the
analysis of soilstructure interactions and pipelines.
Int J Offshore Polar Engng 1999;9(1):229.
6. ELE Renganathan K, et al. An efcient axisymmetric
hybrid-stressdisplacement formulation for compressible/
nearly incompressible material. Int J Press Vess Piping
2000;77(11):65167.
7. ELE Yan AM, et al. An enhanced pipe elbow element
application in plastic limit analysis of pipe structures.
Int J Num Meth Engng 1999;46(3):40931.
A.10. Finite element software (SOF)
1. SOF Broman GI, et al. Determining dynamic characteristics of bellows by manipulated beam nite elements of
commercial software. Int J Press Vess Piping 2000;
77(8):44553.
2. SOF Strub C, et al. Analysis of slug impact against the
reactor pressure vessel head interpretation of Berda Test
07 with the nite element code PLEXUS. ASME/JSME
ASME, 1998. p. 1926.
3. SOF Zhao Y, Olson RJ. Modeling nonlinear cracked pipe
using ANSYS and ABAQUS nite element codes.

New York: ASME, 1998. p. 95100.
A.11. Other topics (OTH)
1. OTH Al-Hashmi MA, Seibi AC. Effects of pipe/formation interaction on the running force in high-curvature
well bores. ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess Piping Conf
2. OTH Badr EA, et al. Residual stress estimation in crossbores with Bauschinger effect inclusion using FEM and
strain energy density. J Press Vess Technol, ASME
1999;121(4):35863.
3. OTH Bakhtiari S, Kupperman DS. Modeling of eddy
current probe response for steam generator tubes. Nucl
Engng Des 1999;194(1):5771.
4. OTH Beard S, Chang FK. Design of braided composite
tubes for energy absorption. 42nd Str, Str Dyn Mater
Conf, Seattle. 2001. p. 13949.
5. OTH Bezdikian G, et al. PWR vessel management:
French approach for integrity assessment and maintenance strategy. ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess Piping
6. OTH Brown SJ, May IL. Risk-based hazardous release
protection and prevention by inspection and maintenance.
7. OTH Choi YH, Kang SC. Evaluation of piping integrity
in thinned main feedwater pipes. J Korean Nucl Soc
2000;32(1):6776.
8. OTH Clauss GF, et al. Prediction of limiting seastates
for pipelaying operations. 17th Int Conf Offshore Mech
Arctic Engng. Lisbon: OMAE, 1998. p. 111.
9. OTH Clayton CRI, et al. Effects of sampler design on
tube sampling disturbancenumerical and analytical
investigations. Geotechnique 1998;48(6):84767.
10. OTH Corona E. Dome reversal of metal beverage
containers. J Press Vess Technol, ASME 1998;
120(4):45661.
11. OTH Cramer EH, et al. Reliability evaluation of
evacuation pipes on the troll GBS. 17th Int Conf
Offshore Mech Arctic Engng. Lisbon: OMAE, 1998.
p. 17.
12. OTH Damousis IG, et al. A fuzzy logic system for
calculation of the interference of overhead transmission
lines on buried pipelines. Electr Power Syst Res
2001;57(2):10513.
13. OTH Fernando NSM, Carter JP. Elastic analysis of
buried pipes under surface patch loadings. J Geotech
Geoenvir Engng 1998;124(8):7208.
14. OTH Foedinger R, et al. Structural health monitoring of
lament wound composite pressure vessels with
embedded optical ber sensors. 43rd Int SAMPE
Symp Exhib, Anaheim 1998;143(1):44457.
15. OTH Foedinger RC, et al. Embedded ber optic sensor
arrays for structural health monitoring of lament
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
wound composite pressure vessels. Proc SPIE

1999;3670:289301.
OTH Fukutomi H, et al. Remote eld eddy current
technique applied to non-magnetic steam generator
tubes. NDT & E Int 2001;34(1):1723.
OTH Fyrileiv O, Venas A. Finite element analysis of
pipeline bundles on uneven seabed. 8th Int Offshore
Polar Engng Conf, Montreal, vol. 2. 1998. p. 4652.
OTH Guo R, Li G. Study of mechanical law of omega
type section of buried heating pipe. J Tsinghua Univ
1998;38(1):237.
OTH Hofstetter G, et al. Design of pile-supported
buried pipelines by a synthesis of FE ultimate load
analyses and experimental investigations. Finite Elem
Anal Des 1999;32(2):97111.
OTH Igland RT, Moan T. Reliability analysis of pipelines during laying, considering ultimate strength under
combined loads. 17th Int Conf Offshore Mech Arctic
Engng. Lisbon: OMAE, 1998. p. 18.
OTH Igland RT, Moan T. Reliability analysis of pipelines during laying, considering ultimate strength under
combined loads. J Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, ASME
2000;122(1):406.
OTH Inoue K, et al. Neutron diffraction measurement
and nite element method calculation of residual
stress of a heat treated steel pipe. Jpn J Appl Phys I
2000;39(12A):66527.
OTH Jeng DS, Cheng L. Wave-induced seabed
response around a pipe laid on a poro-elastic seabed.
17th Int Conf Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, Lisbon:
OMAE, 1998. p. 18.
OTH Jeng DS, Lin YS. Response of inhomogeneous
seabed around buried pipeline under ocean waves.
J Engng Mech, ASCE 2000;126(4):32132.
OTH Kim HS, et al. Analysis of stresses on buried
natural gas pipeline subjected to ground subsidence.
1998 Int Pipeline Conf, Calgary. New York: ASME,
1998. p. 74956.
OTH Kozak A, et al. Alameda tubes seismic retrot
studies. Comput Struct 1999;72(1/3):23352.
OTH Li Y, et al. Numerical simulation of wave forces
on seabed pipelines. China Ocean Engng 1998;
12(2):20311.
OTH Lin S, et al. Sizing of axial defects in pipes with
FEM simulation of wave propagation and wavelet
transformation. 1998 IEEE Ultrasonics Symp, IEEE.
1998. p. 87780.
OTH Liu JS, et al. Shape optimization of axisymmetric
cylindrical nozzles in spherical pressure vessels subject
to stress constraints. Int J Press Vess Piping 2001;
78(1):19.
OTH McGrath TJ, Hoopes RJ. Bedding factors and E
prime values for buried pipe installations backlled
with air-modied CLSM. ASTM Spec Publ
1998;1331:265-74.
OTH Michailides P, Deis T. NPS8 GEOPIG: inertial
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
25
measurement and mechanical caliper technology.

1998 Int Pipeline Conf, Calgary. New York: ASME,
1998. p. 3738.
OTH Moinereau D, et al. Some recent developments in
French reactor pressure vessel structural integrity
assessment. ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess Piping
OTH Morley MS, et al. GAnet: genetic algorithm
platform for pipe network optimisation. Adv Engng
Software 2001;32(6):46775.
OTH Omara AA, Akl FA. Model for analysis of buried
pipes installed using trenchless construction methods.
J Infrastruct Syst 1998;4(1):518.
OTH Ose BA, et al. Finite element model for in-situ
behavior of offshore pipelines on uneven seabed and its
application to on-bottom stability. 9th Int Offshore
Polar Engng Conf. ISOPE, vol. 2. 1999. p. 13240.
OTH Perl M. The change in overstrain level resulting
from machining of an autofrettaged thick-walled
cylinder. J Press Vess Technol, ASME 2000;
122(1):914.
OTH Rusu-Casandra AL, et al. Sizing design sensitivity
analysis and optimization of a hemispherical shell with
a nonradial penetrated nozzle. J Press Vess Technol,
ASME 1998;120(3):23843.
OTH Song R, et al. FEA-based seabed intervention
design for pipeline bundle system. 10th Int Offshore
Polar Engng Conf, Seattle, vol. 2. 2000. p. 14754.
OTH Sriskandarajah T, et al. Fishing gear interaction on
HP/HT pipe-in-pipe systems. 9th Int Offshore Polar
Engng Conf, ISOPE, vol. 2. 1999. p. 1607.
OTH Takagi T, et al. Modeling and numerical analysis
of eddy current testing of steam generator tube. Rev
Roumaine Sci Technol, Ser Electrotech 1999;
43(3):295300.
OTH Tohda J, Yoshimura H. Proposal of a rational
design method for buried exible pipes. Proc Jpn Soc
Civil Engng 1999;617(III):4963.
OTH Tornes K, et al. Pipeline structural response to
shing gear pull-over loads by 3D transient FEM analysis. 8th Int Offshore Polar Engng Conf, Montreal, vol. 2.
1998. p. 13442.
OTH Torselleti E, et al. Hotpipe project: snaking of
submarine pipelines resting on at sea bottom using
nite element method. 9th Int Offshore Polar Engng
Conf, ISOPE, vol. 2. 1999. p. 3445.
OTH Xu XB, Liu G. A two-step numerical solution of
magnetic eld produced by ELF sources within a steel
pipe. J Electromag Wave Appl 2000;14(4): 5234.
OTH Zheng C. Analysis of controllable stress distribution and optimal design of at steel ribbon wound
pressure vessel. J Press Vess Technol, ASME
2000;122(2):18691.
OTH Zhu L, Boyle JT. Optimal shapes for axisymmetric pressure vessels: a brief overview. J Press Vess
Technol, ASME 2000;122(4):4439.
26
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International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 79 (2002) 126

Finite elements in the analysis of pressure vessels and piping,

J. Mackerle / International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 79 (2002) 126

A.8. Welded pipes and pressure vessel components (WEL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

papers as a measure of research activity in these various

2. Finite elements in the analysis of pressure vessels and

J. Mackerle / International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 79 (2002) 126

reactor pressure vessels; curved pipes; cantilevered pipes;

toughness; fatigue studies; thermal fatigue; multi-axial

J. Mackerle / International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 79 (2002) 126

pressing; hydro-bulge forming; roll bending; rolling;

and maintenance; nondestructive testingeddy current,

J. Mackerle / International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 79 (2002) 126

considering constrained and unconstrained dent

perties of composite tubes from dynamic tests. Exp

J. Mackerle / International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 79 (2002) 126

39. STR Hsu PW. Stresses in a uniformly paralelepiped solid

Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 368. New York: ASME,

J. Mackerle / International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 79 (2002) 126

taining circular offset cross-bores. Int J Press Vess

mechanical effects in composite structures by the

J. Mackerle / International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 79 (2002) 126

101. STR Sarma GB, et al. Modeling studies to predict

116. STR Skopinsky VN. Stress analysis of shell intersections

J. Mackerle / International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 79 (2002) 126

132. STR Xu JJ, et al. Local pressure stresses on lateral

moment equations of elbows under combined internal

J. Mackerle / International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 79 (2002) 126

accident. ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess Piping Conf

J. Mackerle / International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 79 (2002) 126

23. THE Mensah PF, et al. Thermal stress analysis of heat

and optimization for controlling the residual thermal

J. Mackerle / International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 79 (2002) 126

12. FRA Bouyne E, et al. Mechanical and microstructural

J. Mackerle / International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 79 (2002) 126

46. FRA Dinovitzer AS, et al. Strain-based failure criteria for

62. FRA Hassan T, Liu Z. On the difference of fatigue

J. Mackerle / International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 79 (2002) 126

3-D elasticplastic SFEM. Key Engng Mater

connections considering eccentricity. Engng Struct

J. Mackerle / International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 79 (2002) 126

metry effects on the stress intensity factors of an

J. Mackerle / International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 79 (2002) 126

reactor pressure vessel steels. Strength Mater

Joint Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 362. New York:

J. Mackerle / International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 79 (2002) 126

170. FRA Park YK, et al. Creep crack growth in X20CrMoV

length surface aws. Nuclear Engng Des 2000;

J. Mackerle / International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 79 (2002) 126

201. FRA Seshadri R, Wu S. Robust estimation of inelastic

217. FRA Su B, Bhuyan GS. Elastic stress and deformation

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life modeling of cannon breech closures including

249. FRA Yokoyama A, Tateishi M. Numerical simulation

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motions. Part II. Numerical examples by MSE and FEM

sealing pipe ange connections. ASME/JSME Joint

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38. CON Vilhelmsen T. Reference stress solutions of at

11. FLU Lin YH, Chu CL. Active modal control of

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ltrating process for making porosity graded silicon

processtube hydroforming. 2nd Europ LS-DYNA

A.8. Welded pipes and pressure vessel components (WEL)