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CIVL 3121

Trusses - Method of Joints

Method of Joints

Method of Joints

If a truss is in equilibrium, then each of its


joints must be in equilibrium.
The method of joints consists of satisfying
th equilibrium
the
ilib i
equations
ti
for
f forces
f
acting
ti on
each joint.

Fx

Fy

Recall, that the line of action of a force


acting on a joint is determined by the
geometry of the truss member.
The line of
f action
acti n is formed
f rmed by c
connecting
nnectin the
two ends of each member with a straight line.
Since direction of the force is known, the
remaining unknown is the magnitude of the
force.

Method of Joints

Method of Joints
Joint B

Joint A

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Upper chord members

Verticals

Tension Force

Joint B

Joint A

Diagonals

Lower chord members

Compression Force

Method of Joints

Method of Joints
Upper chord in compression

gusset plate

weld

Idealized joint
members connected by
a frictionless pin

Lower chord in tension

CIVL 3121

Trusses - Method of Joints

Method of Joints

Method of Joints

Upper chord in compression

Procedure for analysis - the following is a


procedure for analyzing a truss using the
method of joints:
1
1.

If possible
possible, determine the support reactions

2. Draw the free body diagram for each joint. In


general, assume all the force member reactions
are tension (this is not a rule, however, it is
helpful in keeping track of tension and
compression members).

Lower chord in tension

Method of Joints

Method of Joints

Procedure for analysis - the following is a


procedure for analyzing a truss using the
method of joints:

Fy

Procedure for analysis - the following is a


procedure for analyzing a truss using the
method of joints:
4. If possible, begin solving the equilibrium
equations at a joint where only two unknown
reactions exist. Work your way from joint to
joint, selecting the new joint using the criterion
of two unknown reactions.
5. Solve the joint equations of equilibrium
simultaneously, typically using a computer or an
advanced calculator.

3. Write the equations of equilibrium for each joint,

Fx

Method of Joints

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Method of Joints

Example - Consider the following truss

Example - Consider the following truss

First, determine the support reactions for the truss


500 lb

500 lb

Ax

Ay

500 lb

Cy = 500 lb

10 ft

10 ft

First, determine the support reactions for the truss

(10ft
MA 0 500 lb500
lb ) C y (10ft )

Cy

10 ft

Fy

0 Ay C y

Fx

0 Ax 500 lb

Ay = -500 lb
10 ft

Ax = -500 lb

Ax

Ay

Cy

CIVL 3121

Trusses - Method of Joints

Method of Joints

Method of Joints

The equations of equilibrium for Joint A

The equations of equilibrium for Joint B


500 lb

FAB
500 lb

FAC

500 lb

3/5

Fx

0 FAC 500 lb

FAC = 500 lb

Fy

0 FAB 500 lb

FAB = 500 lb

FAB

Fx

0 FBC cos 45 500 lb

FBC = -707.2
707.2 lb

FBC

The forces in the truss can be summarized as:


FAB = 500 lb (T)

FBC = 707.2 lb (C)

FAC = 500 lb (T)

Method of Joints

Problem Determine the force in each member of


the truss shown below

Method of Joints

Problem Determine the force in each member of


the truss shown below
B

4 ft

60

60

4 ft

4 ft
800 lb

In the notes on page 10

Method of Joints

Problem Determine the force in each member of


the truss shown below

Zero Force Members

Truss analysis may be simplified by determining


members with no loading or zeroforce.

These members may provide stability or be useful if


th loading
the
l di changes.
h

Zeroforce members may be determined by


inspection of the joints

CIVL 3121

Trusses - Method of Joints

Zero Force Members

Zero Force Members

Case 1: If two members are connected at a joint and


there is no external force applied to the joint

F1

Fy

0 F1 sin

F1 = 0

Fx

0 F1 cos F2

F2 = 0

Case 2: If three members are connected at a joint


and there is no external force applied to the joint
and two of the members are colinear

F3

F2
x

Fy

Zero Force Members


Determine the force in each member of the truss
shown below:

Determine the force in each member of the truss


shown below:

Method of Joints
The equations of equilibrium for Joint C

Determine the force in each member of the truss


shown below:

800 lb

800 lb

4
3

C
FBC

8 ft

8 ft

4
5

4
5

3
5

3
5

Fx

0 FBC FCD

Fy

0 FBC FCD 800 lb

FBC = FCD

FCD

FBC = -666.7 lb

8 ft

8 ft

Zero Force Members

8 ft

Using Case 1 FEF and FCF


are zero
zero-force
force members

8 ft

800 lb

Using
g Case 1 FAGG and FCGG
are zero-force members

F1 = 0

Zero Force Members

The remaining non-zero


forces can be found using
th method
the
th d of
f joints
j i t

0 F1 sin

In the notes on page 11

800 lb

Using
g Case 2 FBG and FDF
are zero-force members

F1

F2
x

4/5

FBC = 666.7 lb (C)

CIVL 3121

Trusses - Method of Joints

End of Trusses - Part 2

Any questions?

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