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Test of Data
Analysis and Interpretation (DI)

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objects are a set of rectangles (bars) drawn in
parallel so that the extension of the same is
proportional to the magnitude they intend to
represent.
The rectangles, or bars, can be either horizontally or vertically positioned.
Simple Bar diagram:
If only one bar is given in the graph that is
called simple bar diagram.
Ex: Following bar diagram gives the production
of a company in various years.

Data Interpretation
Data analysis and interpretation is the process
of assigning meaning to the collected information
and determining the conclusions, significance,
and implications of the findings. Data
Interpretation can be called Comprehension of
Mathematics. Data is given in the form of graphs,
charts and tables followed by questions. We
have to study, understand and analyse the data
to solve the questions.
DATA: Data is a collection of facts, such as
values or measurements. It can be numbers,
words, measurements, observations or even
just descriptions of things.
Information refers to data being arranged

1) 2006-07
2) 2010-11
3) 2008-09
4) 2009-10
5) None of these
Sol: From the graph
we can observe
that it is in
2006-07, hence
answer (1).
Sub-divided or component bar diagram:
Sub-divided or component bar chart is used
to represent data in which the total magnitude
(bar) is divided into different parts or components. In this diagram, first we make simple
bars for each class taking total magnitude in
that class and then divide these simple bars
into parts in the ratio of various components.
Ex: Following graph gives the production of

1. What is the approximate average production

of the company over the years?
1) 350
2) 420
3) 450
4) 380
5) 360
Sol: Average production
450 + 500 + 250 + 300 + 450 + 350
=
6
2300
= = 383.33
Hence answer (4).
6

How to solve DI questions?

and presented in a systematic or an organised
form, so that some useful inferences can be
drawn from the same. By data we generally
mean quantities, figures, statistics, relating to
any event.
What is DATA INTERPRETATION?
Data Interpretation is the extraction of maximum information from a given set of data or
information. The data can be presented either
in the form of a table or a bar chart or a pie
chart or a line graph or as a combination of one
of these formats.
Some Tips to solve DI questions: The following tips may help in answering problem solving questions that involve Data Analysis.
Before starting DI section one should be very
comfortable with numbers, calculations, fractions, percentages, averages, ratios. It helps
in reducing the time required for solving the
questions. Scan the data briefly to see what
it is about, but do not attempt to analyse it in
too much detail before reading a question.
Focus on only those aspects of the data that
are necessary to answer the question.
Read the data very carefully, as the smallest
detail may change the meaning of the question completely. Similarly, the instructions
have to be understood carefully to prevent
wasting time in calculating data that is not
required, and also to find out exactly what is
the answer that is sought.
When possible, try to make visual comparisons of the data given in a graph and estimate products and quotients rather than perform involved computations. Remember that
these questions are to be answered only on
the basis of the data given.
Be very careful of the units used in the
tables, and the units in which the answers
(options) are provided. A mistake in the units
may yield an entirely different answer. Also
be careful of whether the answer is required
in decimal or percentage. Such errors are
common and easily avoidable.
Let us see some of the graphs of various
types.
BAR DIAGRAM
A bar diagram is that two dimensional graphic representation where the elementary graphic

Computers by three companies A, B

and C over the years. Production is in
thousands.
1. What is the difference between the
Data Interpretation
production of B in 1996 and 1999?
1) 17500
2) 20000
3) 15000
4) 25000
2. The production of the company in
5)
None
of
these
2010 is how much percent more
G.S. Giridhar
than the production in 2008?
Sol : Production of B in 1996 is
(55 20) = 35000
1) 200%
2) 80%
3) 40%
Production of Bin1999 is (30 10)
4) 125%
5) None of these
= 20000
Sol: Production in 2010 = 450
Difference = 35000 20000 = 15000
Production in 2008 = 250
Hence answer is (3).
450 250
Percentage increment = 100
2.
The production of C in 1994 is how much per250
cent more than the production of A in 1997?
= 80%
1) 25%
2) 12.5%
3) 22.4%
Hence answer is (2).
4) 16.67%
5) None of these
Multiple Bar diagram:
Sol: Production of C in1994 is (60 40)
When more than one adjacent vertical bars are
= 20000
given then that is called multiple bar diagram.
Production of A in1997 is (15 0) = 15000
Ex: Following bar-diagram gives imports and
exports of a country over the years.

20000 15000
Required percent = 100
15000
= 33.33%
Hence answer is (5)

1. What is the difference between the highest

and the lowest production of the company
over the years?
1) 7500
2) 5000
3) 10000
4) 15000
5) None of these
Sol : Highest production = 8500
Lowest Production = 3500
Difference = 8500 3500 = 5000
Hence answer is (2).
2. In how many of the following years was the
production of the company above the average?
1) 2
2) 4
3) 1
4) 5
5) None of these
Sol : Average production
6 + 5.5 + 3.5 + 8.5 + 6 + 8 + 6.5
=
7
44
= = 6.286
7
Production is above average in three years
Hence answer is (5).
Ex 2: Following graph shows the profit (in
lakhs) of two companies A and B over the
years:

1. What is the difference between the average

profit of the companies A and B over the
years?
1) 2.5 lakh
2) 5 lakh
3) 4.75 lakh
4) 3.33 lakh 5) None of these
Sol : Average profit of A
25 + 40 + 30 + 45 + 50 + 30 220
= = lakhs
6
6
Average profit of B
35 + 20 + 35 + 50 + 45 + 55 240
= = lakhs
6
6
Difference in the average
240
220
20
= = = 3.33 lakhs
6
6
6
Hence answer is (4).
(Writer - Director, RACE Institute, Hyderabad)

LINE GRAPHS

1. The Exports in 2007-08 is what percent of the

Exports in 2010-11?
1) 50%
2) 100%
3) 150%
4) 80%
5) None of these
Sol: Exports in 2007 08 = 300
Exports in 2010 11 = 200
300
Required percent = 100 = 150%
200
Hence answer is (3).
2. The imports in 2008-09 are same as the
exports in which of the following years?

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A line graph is a type of graph, which displays information as a series of data points connected by straight line segments or A graph that
uses points connected by lines to show how
something changes in value.
Ex 1: Following line graph gives the production
(in thousands) of a company over the
years.

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