Q2. Mohan learnt the term mol in his chemistry class. He discussed the term mol with her elder sister
Anshika. Anshika explained about and then Mohan got satisfied.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Q3. Radhika ,Supriya and Hema were asked by the PGT chemistry to find the mass of a metal piece
independently one by one using the same balance and same weight box. Each student was asked to
take three observations. The students reported their result as shown in the following table:
Students
Radhika
Supriya
Hema
Results Reported
I
1.325
1.320
1.327
Average
II
1.326
1.321
1.329
III
1.325
1.321
1.331
1.325
1.321
1.329
If the actual mass of the metal piece is 1.325g and the permitted uncertainty in the measurement is
0.001g, answer the following questions:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
UNIT2:
(STRUCTURE OF ATOM)
Q1.While attending the physics class on optics a student was taught that light with established wave
nature should have particle nature also. Immediately an idea came to the mind of the student that
matter with established particle nature should have wave nature also. After completing his studies he
published a research paper stating the dual nature of matter and later he was awarded NobelPrize for
his work.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Q2. Guided by Heisenbergs uncertainty principle and de-Broglies theory of dual nature of particles
Schrodinger proposed wave equation. To get proper solution of this equation integer called quantum
numbers were required.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Q3. After the discovery of electron and proton Sir J.J. Thomson proposed the plum pudding model of
the atom .But this atomic model was abandoned when Rutherford performed the alpha particle
scattering experiment.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Q4. Sukumar, a student of class XI science has learnt to write the electronic configuration of the
elements in the chemistry class. Now, He further wanted to know the rules for finding the group
numbers. On the next day he discussed his problem with his teacher. The teacher told his the rules for
finding the group number. Sukumar, then got satisfied.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Which important property did Mendeleev use to classify the elements in his periodic table
and did he stick to that?
What is the basic difference in approach between Mendeleevs periodic law and the
Modern periodic law?
What values are shown by Mendeleev?
Q2. Vimla was taught in chemistry class about electron gain enthalpy. In general, the electron gain
enthalpy for some third period elements (eg.P,S,Cl) are more negative than the corresponding second
period members (eg.N,O,F). Vimla was totally confused and wanted to know the reason for the same.
She discussed with her teacher. The teacher explained the phenomenon which makesVimla satisfied.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Q3. Name of elements and their atomic symbols were assigned smoothly up to atomic number
103(Lawrencium=Lr). But the problem arose when the element with atomic number 104 was discovered
separately by American and Russian scientists both. Americans Named it Rutherfordium (Rf) While
Russians named it Kurchatovium(Ku). Anyhow, this problem was resolved by assigning digital IUPAC
atomic symbol to the element having atomic number 104 and more. Thus element with atomic number
104 is called Unnilquadium (Uuq).
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Write the name and atomic symbol of an element having atomic number 107.
If the digital atomic symbol of an element is Uun. What is its name and atomic number?
Mention the value associated with it.
Q4. Mendeleev studied the properties of the elements known at that time and arranged them in to
groups and periods. This arrangement is called Mendeleevs Periodic table. In this table he left some
gaps to be filled by the elements yet to be discovered. When these elements were discovered,
Mendeleev remarked I did not think that I should live to the verification of the law but such was to be
the case.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Q2. Two students Saloni and Aditi were discussing about the allotropes of carbon. Saloni asked Aditi
,why one allotrope of carbon is very hard use to make jewellery meanwhile Aditi told Saloni that other
allotrope of carbon is a good conductor and used to make pencils.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Q3. The Chemistry teacher was explaining the properties of two hydrides of Sulphur and Oxygen: H2S
and H2O.
H2S and H2O are having same hybridization states but different bond angles. H2S have indefinite
volume while H2O has definite volume. H2S cannot be placed in an open container but H2O can be
placed due to their different physical states.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
Q4. Rishabh and Sejal were discussing the difference between NF3 and NH3 and both got confused.
Rishabh and Sejal asked their subject teacher, why NF3 and NH3 have different dipole moment while
both are having same hybridization states and same number of lone pair of electrons.
Name the gas law with the properties of the gases at constant pressure.
Which law deals the properties of the gases at constant temperature?
What is the Amontons law?
What value is associated with this concept?
Q2. Sejal asked Saloni that why people are undergoing medical check-up before going on AMARNATH
YATRA. Saloni explained the reason to Sejal and she got satisfied meanwhile Rishabh told that liquid
boils at lower temperature at a Hilly station than in a plane area.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Q3. One day Seema and Smriti decided to cook the food at a hill station.Seema takes a pan to cook food
while Smriti started cooking the food in a pressure cooker at the same place.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
UNIT 6 (THERMODYNAMICS)
1.
The teacher taught in the class when an ideal gas expands, there is no change in
temperature. On the other hand, when a real gas expands, cooling in produced. Ram, a student
of the same class was curious to know its reason. The teacher explained the reason and Ram
got satisfied.
(a) What would be the answer of the teacher?
(b) For a reaction both DH and DH are negative under what conditions the reaction
occurs spontaneously?
(c) What values are displayed by Ram?
2. In general, an exothermic reaction is thermodynamically spontaneous. Seema was curious
to know under what circumstances and exothermic reaction may not be
Value Addition with Training
3.
4.
5.
thermodynamically spontaneous. She discussed her problem with her friend Nidhi who
explained her in detail and Seema got satisfied.
(a)
What would be the answer of Nidhi?
(b)
For a reaction both DH and DS are positive under what conditions the reaction
occurs spontaneously?
(c)
What values are displayed by Nidhi?
While teaching the concept of irreversible process the teacher noticed that some
students of the class are restless because they were unable to grasp the subject.
Then she recited a nursery shyme Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall, Humpty Dumpty
had a great fall. All the kings horse and all the kings men could not put Humpty
Dumpty together again. The students became cheerful and convinced.
(a)
Name two irreversible natural processes.
(b)
Mention the value or values associated with the above process.
Reversible process is slow but every slow process need not be reversible.
(a) Give an example with justification of a slow process which is not reversible.
(b) Write the associated value with your answer.
Some thermodynamic properties are related in the same way as total money earned
money paid as income tax and the money available for other purposes.
(a) Name these thermodynamic properties
(b) Write the relation or relations between these thermodynamic properties
(c) Mention the associated value with it.
UNIT 7 (EQUILIBRIUM)
1. In group III, the cat ions Fe,Cr and Al are precipitated as hydroxides by the addition of
NH4OH to the aqueous solution of the mixture. But a small amount of NH 4Cl is added before
the addition of NH4 OH. Arvinder was confused to see why common NH4+ ion is added? He
asked his friend Palvinder the purpose of adding common NH4+ ion. Palvinder explained the
purpose of adding NH4Cl and then Arvinder got satisfied.
(a) What would be the answer of Palvinder.
(b) Why magnesium is not precipitated from a solution of its a salt by NH4OH in the
presence of NH4Cl.
(c) What values are shown by Palvinder?
(2) There is a fizz when a soda water battle is opened. Kusum was very curious to know its
reason. She discussed her problem with her elder sister Monika. Monika explained Kusum the
whole phenomenon and then Kusum got satisfied.
(a) What would be the answer of Monika?
(b) Solubility of a Ca (CH3COO)2 decreases with rise of temperature while that of
Pb (NO3)2 increases with rise of temperature.
(c) What values are shown by Kusum and Monika?
3.A solution has the capacity to resist the change in its PH when a small amount of a strong
acid or strong base is added to it. These solutions may be acidic or basic or neutral in
nature.
(a) Name this solution and give a general example.
Value Addition with Training
(b) Select the components to prepare this type of solution having PH between 4 and
5.
(c) Mention the value associated with this type of solution.
Ammonia is an important compound. It is manufactured by Habers process. In
this process nitrogen and hydrogen combine to produce ammonia in the
presence of a catalyst.
2 + 2 23 ()
4.
(a)
(b)
5.
(a)
(b)
(c)
2.
(a)
(b)
(c)
3.
4.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Prakash was surprised to see that air painting get furnished. Prakash discussed
this matter with his elder brother Manoj. He also wanted to Manoj explained
him the reason and also the method to restore the original whiteness.
Can you predict what explanation was given by Manoj?
Analyse the attitude of both Prakash and Manoj?
H2O2 act as an oxidizing agent as well as reducing agent. Why?
Teacher told the students that water should that water should be softened
before using in boilers. Karina one of the students, asked the reason. The
teachers explained the reason in detail to him and then Karina got satisfied.
Predict the explanation given by the teacher.
Temporary hard water becomes soft on boiling. Why?
What values are displayed by Karina.
Hard water is unfit for its use in the laboratory and laundry because of the
presence of chlorides of calcium and magnesium. One way to remove these ions
from hard water is the use of sodium carbonate. Your teacher asked you to
calculate the amount of sodium required to remove the calcium ions from a
sample of hard water which is 0.002 M in calcium ions.
(a) Write the reaction of sodium carbonate in the removal of hardness of
water.
(b) What mass of sodium Carbonate is required to remove the calcium ions from
a sample of 1000 litres of hard water?
(c) Write the value associated with this problem.
A compound of hydrogen and oxygen has empirical formula OH. This compound
is used to restore the colour of old oil paintings containing lead oxide. This
compound also liberates iodine from an acidified solution of potassium iodide.
Name this compound and write its formula.
Write a balanced chemical equation to show the restoration of colours of the old
painting by this compound.
Mention the value associated with the function of this compound.
3.
1. One of the elements of group 13 was not known at that time when Mendeleev gave his periodic
table. This element has some interesting properties much different from other elements of this group.
Now answer the following questions:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Name the two compounds of boron used for making bullet-proof vests and how are they
prepared?
What are the advantages of using boron based compounds over Kevlar?
(ii)
B2O3(s) + 7 C (s) Electric furnace -- B4C (s) + 6CO (g) (At 1873 K)
(ii)Boron has high ability to absorb neutrons and hence these two boron compounds can act as
protective shield against radioactive radiations.
(a)Nitrogen
(b) sodium fusion extract + silver nitrate solution = white ppt
(c)Scientific attitude/concern for others
2. An organic compound on heating changes directly into vapours without undergoing into liquid state,
it is insoluble in water and is commonly used to prevent clothes against moths. It is contaminated with
cinnamaldehyde.Naresh, a student of class XI was asked by his teacher how to purify it.Now answer the
following questions
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Ans:
(a) Sublimation
(b) Naphthalene and can be used as freshener
Value Addition with Training
UNIT 13 (HYDROCARBONS)
1. Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons are called alkanes.They are mainly used as fuels. Depending upon
their physical properties such as boiling point, density, solubility, they have many other uses. Now
answer the following questions.
(a)Out of propane and butane why is propane used as fuel for barbecue grill?
(b)Which alkane is used in cigarette lighters?
(c)What is mineral oil? Give its uses.
(d)What are the uses of solid alkanes?
(e)What is Vaseline? What are its uses?
Ans. (a) Barbecue is usually done in open. In cold countries, although both propane and butane can be
used but propane is preferred because it works better at low temperatures. The reason being that due
to lower boiling point (231K), propane always remains as gasin the cylinder in spite of cooling produced
byJoule Thomson effect during its use and thus ensures a constant supply of gas.Incontrast,butane due
to its higher boiling point(272.5K)and cooling produced by Joule-Thomson effect,it becomes a liquidin
the cylinder and thus the supply of gas becomes slower and slower as the gas is being used.
(b) Butane is used in cigarette lighters since it can be easily liquefied at room temperature.
(c)Mineral oil is a mixture of liquid alkanes containing 16-18 carbon atoms and is used as a laxative and
as a lubricant.
(d)Alkanes with 18 or more carbon atoms are waxy solids. These are used as waxy coatings on fruits and
vegetables to help them to retain moisture, inhibit mould growth and enhance appearance.
(e)Vaseline is a mixture of solid alkanes having low melting points. It can prevent moisture loss and
chapped lips and soften nail cuticles.It is also used in ointments and cosmetics.
2.Benzene is the simplest and ideal aromatic compound. It is also one of the most basic petrochemicals.
It is mainly used to prepare a number of important chemicals such as toluene, phenol, aniline,
biphenyletc which are used in the manufacture of dyes, detergents, drugs, explosives, pesticides,
rubbersandlubricants.But it is carcinogenic. Now answer the following questions.
(a)Mention 3 uses of benzene in petrochemical industry.
(b)Why benzene is used as additive in gasoline?
(c)Comment on the bad effects and carcinogenicity of benzene.
(d)In view of toxicity and carcinogenicity of benzene, should its production be banned? Give your
suggestions.
Ans(a)Benzene is mainly used as an intermediate to make other chemicals. About 85 of benzene is
consumed in the production of 3 chemicals, ethyl benzene, cumene and cyclohexane. Ethyl benzene is a
precursor to styrene, which is used to make polymers and plastics. Cumene is converted to phenol and
acetone.
Cyclohexane is used to manufacture nylon.
(b)Because of its high octane number and anti-knocking properties benzene is used as an additive in
gasoline.
(c)Exposure of benzene vapours to humans is a global problem. It affects liver, kidney, lungs and heart.
Benzene increases the risk of cancer and other illness. In the body, it gets oxidized to benzene oxide
which is not excreted readily and can interact with DNA to produce harmful mutations. Benzene is also a
notorious cause of bone marrow failure.
(d)Although benzene is a potential carcinogen, its production cannot be banned because its wide
spread application in the manufacture of dyes, detergents, nylons, explosives and
pesticides.Instead,benzene should be used in fuming cupboards and ventilated laboratories.
Q.3 Kamala and Reena are best friends. One evening Kamala went to Reenas house and found her in
the kitchen. She saw that the burner was emitting yellow flame and a black soot was getting deposited
on the bottom of the cooking vessel .She advised Kamala to put off the gas and helped her in cleaning
the holes of the burner. The gas was then switched on and they found that the burner was now emitting
clean blue flame.
(i) Why was the burner emitting yellow flame?
(ii) What was the purpose of cleaning the holes of the burner?
(iii) What value is expressed by Kamala?
Ans. (i) The holes of the burner were blocked due to soot or some oily material. This caused incomplete
combustion of the fuel
(ii) By cleaning the holes of the burner the deposits were removed which led to the complete
combustion of the fuel.
(iii) Kamala helped her friend in saving fuel and in preventing wastage of gas.
Why is it advised not to sleep with burning coke angithi in a closed room on winter nights?
How does the combustion of motor fuels cause pollution of the atmosphere?
Name one natural source and one human activity by which SO2 enters into atmosphere?
Ans: (i) On burning coke, a lot of carbon monoxide is produced which causes anoxia.
(ii)On burning motor-fuels, toxic oxides of nitrogen is formed which affect respiratory system.
(iii)Due to volcanic eruption and through combustion of sulphur containing fuels.
2. An ozone-layer is present at a height of 25-30 km from earth-surface which protects us from
U.V. radiation.A hole in the ozone-layer is created due to human activity.
Now answer the following questions:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
*****