SYSTEMS
AND
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COMPONENTS
HANDBOOK
Nils R. Grimm
Robert C. Rosaler
Second Edition
MCGRAW-HILL
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McGraw-Hill
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A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies
ISBN 0-07-024843-5
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Information contained in this work has been obtained by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ("McGraw-Hill") from sources believed to be reliable. However, neither McGraw-Hill nor its authors
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an appropriate professional should be sought.
Copyright 1997 by The McGraw-Hill Companies
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Dedication to Second Edition
R. C. R.
N. R. G. and R. C. R.
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CONTRIBUTORS
AJAX Boiler Co Santa Ana, California (CHAP. 4.2: Burners and Fuels)
Gary M. Bireta, RE. Project Engineer, Mechanical Engineering, Giffels Associates, Inc.,
Southfield, Michigan (CHAP. 7.1: Chilled Water and Brine)
Richard T. Blake Technical Director, The MetroGroup, Inc., Long Island City, New York
(CHAP. 8.5: Water Conditioning)
Edward A. Bogucz, RE. Edwards Engineering Corp., Pompton Plains, New Jersey (CHAP.
3.7: Valance Units)
Nick J. Cassimatis Gas Energy, Inc., Brooklyn, New York (CHAP. 6.5: Absorption Chillers)
K. Coleman Staff Engineer, Van-Packer Co., Manahawkin, New Jersey (CHAP. 4.4: FactoryBuilt Prefabricated Vents, Chimneys, and Stacks)
Robert O. Couch Perma-Pipe Corp. Niles, Illinois (CHAP. 3.1: Piping)
Edward Di Donato Nordstrom Valves, Inc., Sulphur Springs, Texas (CHAP. 3.6: Valves)
Curt Diedrick Precision Parts Corp., Morristown, Tennessee (CHAP. 4.1: part 2)
David F. Fijas ITT Standard, ITT Fluid Technology Corporation, Buffalo, New York (CHAP.
5.10: Heat Exchangers)
Ernest H. Graf, RE. Assistant Director, Mechanical Engineering, Giffels Associates, Inc.,
Southfield, Michigan (CHAP. 2.1: Applications of HVAC Systems; CHAP. 7.1: Chilled Water
and Brine; CHAP. 7.2: All-Air Systems)
Nils R. Grimm, RE. Section Manager, Mechanical, Sverdrup Corporation, New York, New
York (CHAP. 1.2: Heating and Cooling Load Calculations; CHAP. 3.1: Piping; CHAP. 3.2: Duct
Sizing; CHAP. 8.4: Energy Conservation Practice; APP. A: Altitude Corrections)
Edward B. Gut, RE. Honeywell, Inc., Arlington Heights, Illinois, (CHAP. 8.1: Automatic
Temperature Pressure, Flow Control Systems)
Lew Harriman Mason-Grant Company, Portsmouth, New Hampshire (CHAP. 7.8: Desiccant
Dehumidification)
John C. Hensley Marketing Services Manager, The Marley Cooling Tower, Company, Mission, Kansas (CHAP. 7.4: Cooling Towers)
M. B. Herbert, RE. Consulting Engineer, Willow Grove, Pennsylvania (CHAP. 1.1: Conceptual and Preliminary Design)
Hudy C. Hewitt, Jr., Ph.D. Chairman, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University
of New Orleans (CHAP. 2.3: Condensate Control)
Martin Hirschorn President, Industrial Acoustics Company, Bronx, New York (CHAP. 8.2:
Noise Control)
R Hodson Vice President and Manufacturing Manager, Van-Packer Co., Buda, Illinois
(CHAP. 4.4: Factory-Built Prefabricated Vents, Chimneys, and Stacks)
James E. Hope Director of Technical Services, ITT Bell & Gossett, Morton Grove, Illinois
(CHAP. 3.5: Pumps for Heating and Cooling)
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Aparajita Sengupta Brown & Root, Inc. Houston, Texas (CHAP. 2.2; HVAC Applications
for Cogeneration Systems)
Alan J. Smith Brown & Root, Inc., Houston, Texas (CHAP. 2.2: HVAC Applications for
Cogeneration Systems)
Donald H. Spethman Honeywell, Inc., Arlington Heights, Illinois (CHAP. 8.1: Automatic
Temperature, Pressure, Flow Control Systems)
Chan R. Starke Former Associate Technical Director Hydronics Institute Div of GAMA,
Berkeley Heights, New Jersey (CHAP. 5.11: Radiators for Steam and Hot Water Heating)
C. Curtis Trent, Ph.D. President, Trent Technologies, Inc., Tyler, Texas (CHAP. 2.3: Condensate Control)
Warren C. Trent M.S., RE. CEO, Trent Technologies, Inc., Tyler Texas (CHAP. 2.3: Condensate Control)
Webster Engineering and Manufacturing Co Winfield, Kansas (CHAP. 4.3: Burner Systems)
PREFACE TO
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SECOND EDITION
The HVAC Systems and Components Handbook is the second edition of the Handbook of HVAC Design.
To keep up with, and sometimes anticipate the technological and societal
changes in HVAC, this second edition contains important new information. The
entire book has been rearranged to follow a logical progression in format, making
it easier to use as a textbook readable from beginning to end as an overview of the
industry. Each chapter of the first edition was reviewed, updated and sometimes
consolidated with other chapters when appropriate, to focus the book on systems
and components.
Specifically, the new subjects include condensate control, radiant panel heating,
refrigerants, heat pumps, air filtration and air pollution control equipment, scroll
compressors, indoor air quality.
This book is being published concurrently with the HVAC Maintenance and
Operations Handbook. These two complementary volumes form the complete reference to HVAC technology.
Robert C. Rosaler
PREFACE TO
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FIRST EDITION
Heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC)or creating a comfortable environmentis at once one of the oldest and one of the most modern technologies.
It encompasses everything from the warming radiant heat of the caveman's flames
to the comfortably cooled industrial complexes in the Sahara desert and the pressurized comfort of the Challenger space module. Today it is not unusual for an
inhabitant of an advanced industrial country to live almost entirely within an artificially created environment. HVAC has turned many environmentally hostile
regions into useful, productive areas.
The objective of the Handbook of HVAC Design is to provide a practical guide
and a reliable reference for designing and operating HVAC systems. It details the
necessary steps for planning, design, equipment selection, operation and maintenance. Included are the relevant associated disciplines and considerations necessary
for a broad understanding of this subject, including economic factors, pollution
controls, and the physiology of comfort.
Each topic is addressed by a leading organization or practitioner in the field.
Acknowledgments
The editors wish to acknowledge the valuable assistance and guidance of McGrawHill editors Robert Hauserman and Lester Strong.
Nils R. Grimm
Robert C. Rosaler
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GENERAL REFERENCES
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ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Nils R. Grimm was section manager for the Sverdrup Corporation in New York
City. A registered professional engineer, he is a member of the American Society
of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers.