INDUR

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

SIDDIPET, Medak DIST. 502277

LABORATORY MANUAL

COMPUTER HARDWARE & NETWORKING LAB

IIndYear IInd Sem. DCME
(CURRICULUM 2009(C-09))
Prepared and verified by

R.Radha Krishna
B.E,M.Tech,M.B.A, AMIETE,(SMAeSI)
DEPARTMENT
OF

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

LAB CODE
1.

Students should report to the concerned labs as per the time table schedule.

2.

Students who turn up late to the labs will in no case be permitted to perform the experiment
scheduled for the day.
After completion of the experiment, certification of the concerned staff in-charge in the observation
book is necessary.

3.
4.

Staff member in-charge shall award marks based on continuous evaluation for each
experiment out of maximum 10 marks and should be entered in the notebook

5.

Students should bring a note book of about 100 pages and should enter the readings/observations into
the note book while performing the experiment.

6.

The record of observations along with the detailed experimental procedure of the experiment
performed in the immediate last session should be submitted and certified by the staff member incharge.

7.

Not more than three students in a group are permitted to perform the experiment ona setup.

8.

The group-wise division made in the beginning should be adhered to, and no mix up of
among different groups will be permitted later.

9.

The components required pertaining to the experiment should be collected from

after duly filling in the requisition form.

10.

When the experiment is completed, students should disconnect the setup made by them, and should
return all the components/instruments taken for the purpose.

11.

Any damage of the equipment or burn-out of components will be viewed seriously either by putting
penalty or by dismissing the total group of students from the lab for the semester/year.

12.

Students should be present in the labs for the total scheduled duration.

13.

Students are required to prepare thoroughly to perform the experiment beforecoming to Laboratory.

14.

Procedure sheets/data sheets provided to the students groups should bemaintained neatly and to be
returned after the experiment.

stores

student
in-charge

INDEX
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

Sl. No.

Page No.

Identify motherboard components

05 09

RAM identification, removal, installation.

10 14

CMOS setup.

15 20

Print a summary of your system Hardware.

21 24

Upgrading memory

25 27

Hard drive, optical drive installation

28 31

How to recover lost data on hard drive.

32 38

Trouble shooting keyboard ,monitor, printer

39 45

Printer Problems

10

Installation of operating system

11

15

Installation of Network card.

Preparing the UTP cable for cross and direct connections using
crimping tool.
Installation of a switch and connecting systems to a network
switch.
Installation of a modem (internal, external or USB) and
connecting to internet.
Using FTP for uploading and downloading files.

16

Installation and configuring the proxy server for internet access

12
13
14

EXP. No. 1:Identify motherboard components

AIM: To Identify various components of mother board and state the function of each
Component of mother board.
EQUIPMENTS/APPARATUS/COMPONENTS REQUIRED
1. Personal computer(PC)
2. Tool Kit
THEORY
Definition-1:Computer is an electronic data processing machine which receives and stores a large volume of
information in the form of symbols and digits. Instructions given by the user and gives the result.
Definition-2:
Computer is an electronic device which
Accepts the data,
Stores the data,
Process the data, and
Gives the results at a great speed
According to user instructions
Mother board: Mother board is a printed circuit is a foundation of computer & allows the CPU, RAM & all
other hard ware components to function with each other. Mother board provided electronic connection
between various components in system. The primary purpose of a System Board is to house the CPU and
allow all devices to communicate with it each other.
The main Circuit Board of a Microcomputer
This is also called Main Board or Mother Board.
The motherboard contains the connectors for attaching additional boards.
The two most popular System Boards are
Older AT
Newer ATX
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PROCEDURE
When you open the computer case we find this.
Mother board:
The main Circuit Board of a Microcomputer
This is also called Main Board or Mother Board.
The motherboard contains the connectors for attaching additional boards.
The two most popular System Boards are
Older AT
Newer ATX
It provided inter face for various add on card such as 3D graphic sound
cards,networking inter face card etc..,
It provides CMOS battery driver for real time clock.
It supports ports links such as serial, parallel, USB, &internet, etc..,
S.M.P.S:
It stands for switch mode power supply. It converts AC supply to3.3V, 5v, 12v,
DC
It provides the power to all components of system
Processor: This is the chip that does the thinking of the computer. These are the Pentium& AMDprocessor

speed is measured is MHZ & GHZ (1GHZ=1000MHZ)

Memory:Stores the Data, Two types
Primary Memory, Example: RAM
Secondary Memory, Example: Hard Disk
RAM (Random Access Memory):It is a temporary memory

Whenever the power is switched off the contents will be lost

It is also called volatile memory

Two main types: Static RAM (SRAM) and Dynamic RAM (DRAM)

Hard Disk (HDD):is often shortened as Hard Disk, Hard Drive, or HDD.Is a Non-Volatile storage
device that stores digitally encoded data on rapidly rotating rigid (i.e. hard) platters with
magnetic surfaces?
Read Only Memory (ROM) Chip:

ROM holds programs and data permanently even when Computer is switched off
Data can be read by the CPU in any order so ROM is also direct access
Rom chip contains instruction which are specified for the particular which are specified for the
particular mother board these programs & instruction will be remaining the PC throughout its life
usually they are not already altered

PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) Slot: for high-speed input/output

AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) Slot: for a video card
ISA(Industry Standard Architecture) Slot: for older or slower devices
Chip set:
Set of chips on the motherboard
Controls Memory Cache, External Buses, Peripherals
Intel dominates the market in the field of chipsets---Example: i800 series of Chipsets
The chip set usually chip two section they are
(1) North bridge
(2) South bridge
---The Northbridge links the CPU to very high-speed devices, especially, Main memory and
Graphics controllers, and
---The Southbridge connects to lower-speed peripheral buses such as PCI or ISA
Hard ware:
Physical components of Computer
What we can see and touch
Ex. Key Board, Monitor, CPU, Hard Disk, Printer etc.,
Floppy drive:
This is slot in the front of your computer where you insert which store data & meaning to the other
computer is your computer IMAC you will not have floppy disk are 3 1/2 inches in size & hard 1.44MB
data

CD ROM (or) ROM drivers:

This plays your music & data CD it will also play DVD movies data CD hold up to 70MB of
Information.DVD hold up to 4.7GB of information if have CD (or) CD-R/W you can store
information on CD's
CMOS battery:
CMOS battery provides voltage to the BIOS computer setting are stored here & system clock
Heat Sink: The purpose of heat Sink, it is cool processer temporarily
Power connection:
These connections connects you power supply to drives & devices in your computer
Data cables: The purpose of these cables is to communicate data between mother board & devices link
disk, CD drive etc..,
OBSERVATIONS
We identified the various components of mother board and study the various functionsof each
component of mother board.
PRECAUTIONS
1. Note down the various components of mother board.
2. Note the important specifications and functions
3. Do not install or remove Components/IC from a circuit with power ON.
4. Identify the Pin numbers of the IC
5. Adjust the Proper connections.
1.
2.

TROUBLE SHOOTING:
Check the working condition of Computer components/Parts
Check the all properties
2.
Check whetherinput can be viewed on the Mother board
3.
Check the Connecting wires.
RESULTS / CONCLUSIONS
Verified the various components of mother board and their functions of each component of mother
board.
APPLICATIONS
1. PC
2. Embedded systems
QUESTIONS
1. Define computer?
2. What is a chipset? Give an example
3. List different types of motherboards?
4. Define form factor of system board?
5. Define motherboard?

EXP. No. 2: RAM identification, removal, installation

AIM: RAM identification, removal and installation
EQUIPMENTS/APPARATUS/COMPONENTS REQUIRED
1. Personalcomputer (PC)
2. RAM (Random Access Memory)
(Memory RAM ranges from 128MB to 3GB)
3. Tool Kit
THEORY
Random Access Memory (RAM) is the best known form of Computer Memory. The Read and write
(R/W) memory of a computer is called RAM. The User can write information to it and read information
from it.With RAM any location can be reached in a fixed (and short) amount of time after specifying its
address.
The RAM is a volatile memory, it means information written to it can be accessed as long as power
is on. As soon as the power is off, it cannot be accessed. So this mean RAM computer memory essentially
empty. RAM holds data and processing instructions temporarily until the CPU needs it.
There are two basic types of RAM:
(i) Dynamic Ram
(ii) Static RAM
Dynamic RAM: loses its stored information in a very short time (for milli sec.) even when power supply is
on. D-RAMs are cheaper & lower.
Similar to a microprocessor chip is an Integrated Circuit (IC) made of millions of transistors and capacitors.
Static RAM: A form of flip-flop holds each bit of memory. A flip-flop for a memory cell takes four or six
transistors along with some wiring, but never has to be refreshed. This makes static RAM significantly faster
than dynamic RAM.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PROCEDURE
When you open the computer case we find this.
Remove all cables from the PC, then remove the cartilage one side,then remove
the two chips in the RAM chip on the mother board, Tabulate the ram check it is DDR1,DDR2(or)DDR3.
If RAM is not workin0g exchange a mother ram with same configurationthen insertthe ram in
ram slots on mother board properly, the fix RAM pins & automatically locked to power on system.
Press delete key to check ram configuration in CMOS setup product information then click at
should ram capacity
OBSERVATIONS
We identified the RAM slots on motherboard,removed and installed.
PRECAUTIONS
1. Note down the Different types of RAMs
2. Note the important specifications and functions
3. Do not install or remove Components/ IC from a circuit with power ON.
4. Identify the Pin numbers of the IC
5. Adjust the Proper connections.
TROUBLE SHOOTING:
1. Check the working condition of Computer RAMs
2. Check the all properties
3. Check whether input can be viewed on the Mother board
4. Check the Connecting wires.
RESULTS / CONCLUSIONS
Identified theRAM,removed and installed on the mother board.
APPLICATIONS
1. PC
2. Embedded systems
QUESTIONS
1. Define RAM
2. Define ROM
3. What is Memory?
4. What is meaning of Memory Mapping?
5. What are types of RAMs?
6. Define Stack?
7. What is difference between Static memory and Dynamic Memory?
8. What is NVRAM

EXP. No. 3: CMOS setup

AIM: To open CMOS setup and identify the configuration of the system.
EQUIPMENTS/APPARATUS/COMPONENTS REQUIRED
1. Personal computer (PC)
2. RAM (Random Access Memory)
(Memory RAM ranges from 128MB to 3GB)
3. Tool Kit
THEORY
Computer stores most configuration information of one CMOS chip that retains the data even, when the
computer is turned off. A battery near the CMOS chip provide enough electricity to enable the chip to
maintain its data. If the battery is disconnected or fails setup information is lost password information is one
of the part in computer setupis stored inCMOS.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PROCEDURE

Power on the pc and restart and press delete key.

Wait for few seconds.
To display CMOS setup.
A program used to display and edit user configurable settings in the BIOS of a PC
Also called BIOS Setup
The BIOS setup is accessed at startup
Soon after a PC is turned on,
a short text message typically passes by very quickly on screen indicating which
key to press (usually the DEL or F1 key)
Most Configuration information is stored on one CMOS chip
Retains the data even when the Computer is turned off
A Battery near the CMOS chip provides enough electricity to enable the chip to maintain its
data

Updated via BIOS program

Three primary BIOS brands
American Megatrends (AMI), Award, Phoenix
To enter setup, press key combination
(may be Del, ESC, F1, F2,
CTRL-ALT-ESC,
CTRL-ALT-INS,
CTRL-ALT-Enter,
or CTRL-S)
CMOS Set up: Main menu
- Access to all submenus

Clock, hard drives, floppy drives

Normally set to Default or Auto for all

POST, boot order

Use to enable/disable power-saving features

II/II DCME- COMPUTER HARDWARE & NETWORKING LAB

Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engg

R
arely need to manipulate on todays PCs

Set Password

SECURITY:
THIS feature will protect our cmos setup configuration it also gives
the security for unauthorized users..
INDUR Institute of Engineering & Technology

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II/II DCME- COMPUTER HARDWARE & NETWORKING LAB

Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engg

LOAD DEFAULT SETTINGS:

While we protect the load default the settings will be defaulted automatically.
SAVE AND EXIT:
After all settings press f10 and f2 to save and exit it is used to save our bios.
OBSERVATIONS
Keep OS rescue disk. It is FDD used to start up a computer when the HDD fails
to boot..
PRECAUTIONS
1. Note down the CMOS properties
2. Note the important specifications and functions
3. Do not install or remove Components/ IC from a circuit with power ON.
4. Identify the Pin numbers of the IC
5. Adjust the Proper connections.
TROUBLE SHOOTING:
1. Check the working condition of Computer
RESULTS / CONCLUSIONS
CMOS setup and identifiedthe configuration of the system.
APPLICATIONS
1. PC
2. Embedded systems

QUESTIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.

Define CMOS
List any four CMOS setup options.
What is need for CMOS setup?
What is BIOS?

14
INDUR Institute of Engineering & Technology

II/II DCME- COMPUTER HARDWARE & NETWORKING LAB

Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engg

EXP. No. 4: Print a summary of your system Hardware

AIM: To Print a summary of your system Hardware

EQUIPMENTS/APPARATUS/COMPONENTS REQUIRED
1. Personal computer (PC)
2. Tool Kit
THEORY
The following list describe the types of reports that you can print:

System summary
This option prints a summary of the devices that are installed on your computer
or on the remote computer that you are managing. The summary includes the
product version number, bus type, registered owner, and resource information,
such as interrupt request line (IRQ) and input/output (I/O) usage.

Selected class or device

This option prints a report for the device or the hardware type that you choose.
The report includes the device name, device driver location, version and
manufacturer information, and resources that are allocated to the device, such as
I/O ports and memory addresses.

All devices and system summary

This option prints a report for each device or hardware type that is installed on
15

INDUR Institute of Engineering & Technology

II/II DCME- COMPUTER HARDWARE & NETWORKING LAB

Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engg

your computer, as well as a summary of your computer. If you have many

devices installed on your computer, this may be a long document.
WINDOW DIAGRAM
Option 1 - Performance Information
This option prints your Windows Experience Index ratings as well as your system
manufacturer, total storage and RAM, basic graphics driver details, and a list of network
adapters.
There are several ways to get to this information such as by navigating through the
"Control Panel" - this tip just lists one way.

1. Click the "Start" button.

2. Type in performance without pressing Enter.
3. Underneath "Control Panel" click on "Performance Information and Tools".

4. The "Performance Information and Tools"

dialog box appears. Click the "View and print detailed performance and system
information" link next to the printer icon.
5. A "More details about my computer" dialog appears. Scroll through the information,
and click the "Print this page" button if desired.

16
INDUR Institute of Engineering & Technology

II/II DCME- COMPUTER HARDWARE & NETWORKING LAB

Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engg

PROCEDURE
By right clicking on my computer and go to properties.Then a window
appears then note down the system configuration open run and cmd then type "system
info" by typing this
command.the total system configuration is displayed including the system as
version.
HOST name:SDPT.C
OS name:MS WINDOWS VISTA.
OS version:6.0 N/A build 6000.
OS: Microsoft corporation.
Registered owner:IIET SDPT
PRODUCT ID:89576-DEM-7332141-00029
DOMAIN:Workshop
RAM:1 GB
OBSERVATIONS
We identified the PCsystem Information and Printed on the paper.
PRECAUTIONS
1. Note down the total system configuration
2. Note the important specifications and functions
TROUBLE SHOOTING:
1. Check the working condition of Computer
2. Check the all properties
3. Check whether input can be viewed on the Mother board
4. Check the Connecting wires.
RESULTS / CONCLUSIONS
Printed the summary of system Hardware.
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INDUR Institute of Engineering & Technology

II/II DCME- COMPUTER HARDWARE & NETWORKING LAB

Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engg

APPLICATIONS
1. PC
2. Embedded systems
QUESTIONS
1. Define System summary
2. Define Hardware?
3. Define Software?

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INDUR Institute of Engineering & Technology