REINFORCED
CONCRETE
Fifth Edition
Reinforced Concrete Design
A Fundamental Approach
Fifth Edition
FLEXURE IN BEAMS
A. J. Clark School of Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
5c
SPRING 2004
By
Dr . Ibrahim. Assakkaf
Slide No. 1
Slide No. 2
Slide No. 3
Slide No. 4
Slide No. 5
M n = rf c(1 0.59 )d 3
(12)
M n = Rbd
(13)
R = f c(1 0.59 )
(14)
Slide No. 6
Slide No. 7
R = f c (1 0 .59 )
1600
f c = 6000 psi
1400
f c = 5000 psi
f c = 4000 psi
1200
f c = 3000 psi
1000
fy
fc
f c = 5000 psi
f c = 4000 psi
800
f c = 3000 psi
Plots for
f y = 60,000 psi
600
400
Plots for
f y = 40,000 psi
200
0
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0.03
0.035
0.04
0.045
0.05
Reinforcement Ratio,
Slide No. 8
R (psi)
0.0010
0.0011
0.0012
0.0013
0.0014
0.0015
0.0016
0.0017
0.0018
0.0019
0.0020
0.0021
39.69
43.62
47.55
51.47
55.39
59.29
63.20
67.09
70.98
74.87
78.75
82.62
0.0010
0.0011
0.0012
0.0013
0.0014
0.0015
0.0016
0.0017
0.0018
0.0019
0.0020
0.0021
R (psi)
59.47
65.36
71.24
77.11
82.96
88.81
94.64
100.47
106.28
112.09
117.88
123.67
Slide No. 9
(in. - lb)
(32a)
(ft - lb)
(32b)
or
Mn =
Rbd 2
12
Slide No. 10
Slide No. 11
Example 7
Find the nominal flexural strength and
design strength of the beam shown.
f c = 4,000 psi
12 in.
f y = 60,000psi
20 in.
As
4.00
=
= 0.0190
bd 12(17.5)
4000 200
,
0
.
0033
=
60
,
000
60
,
000
4-#9
bars
17.5 in.
OK
Slide No. 12
3000
4000
5000
6000
Table 3
Design Constants
3000
4000
5000
6000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Values used in
the example.
3000
4000
5000
6000
3 f c 200
max
,
fy
f y
f y = 40,000 psi
0.0050
0.0050
0.0053
0.0058
f y = 50,000 psi
0.0040
0.0040
0.0042
0.0046
f y = 60,000 psi
0.0033
0.0033
0.0035
0.0039
f y = 75,000 psi
0.0027
0.0027
0.0028
0.0031
0.03712
0.04949
0.05823
0.06551
0.02753
0.03671
0.04318
0.04858
0.02138
0.02851
0.03354
0.03773
0.01552
0.02069
0.02435
0.02739
Slide No. 13
Example 7 (contd)
Also check the strain limit zone for tension
controlled: A f
4(60,000 )
s y
a=
=
= 5.8824 in.
0.85 f cb 0.85(4000 )(12 )
c=
5.8824
= 6.92 in.
0.85
c 6.92
=
= 0.396 > 0.375 but < 0.600 (Fig.14)
d t 17.5
= 0.23 +
0.25
0.25
= 0.23 +
= 0.86
c / dt
0.396
Slide No. 14
Example 7 (contd)
Figure 14. Strain Limit Zones and variation of Strength Reduction Factor
Slide No. 15
Example 7 (contd)
From Table 4 (Table A-6 , Handout), with fy
= 60,000 psi, f c = 4,000 psi, and = 0.0190,
the value of R = 948.88 ksi is found .
Using Eq. 32b, the nominal and design
strengths are respectively
Rbd 2 (948.88)(12 )(17.5)
Mn =
=
= 290.6 ft - kips
12
12 1000
2
Slide No. 16
Table 4
Part of Table A-6
of Handout
R (psi)
R (psi)
0.0145
758.69
0.0190
948.88
0.0146
763.15
0.0191
952.87
0.0147
767.60
0.0192
956.84
0.0148
772.04
0.0193
960.80
0.0149
776.47
0.0194
964.75
Slide No. 17
Slide No. 18
Stirrups
Stirrups are special form of reinforcement
that primarily resist shear forces that will be
discussed later.
Tie steel
#3 stirrup
1
3-#9 bars
1
clear (typical)
2
Slide No. 19
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Figure 19. Details of Reinforcement: (a) section elevation (b) midspan section
10
Slide No. 20
R=
Mn
bd 2
(33)
Slide No. 21
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11
Slide No. 22
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Slide No. 23
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12
Slide No. 24
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Slide No. 25
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13
Slide No. 26
Start
No
Deduced c = assumed c
As f y
0.85 f cb
Yes
Figure 20. Flowchart sequence of operations for flexural design of singly reinforced beams
Slide No. 27
ENCE 454 Assakkaf
Example 8
Design a rectangular reinforced concrete
beam to carry a service dead load moment
of 50 ft-kips (which includes the moment
due to the weight of the beam) and a
service live load moment of 100 ft-kips.
Architectural considerations require the
beam width to be 10 in. and the total depth
h to be 25 in. Use f c = 3,000 psi and fy =
60,000 psi.
14
Slide No. 28
Example 8 (contd)
Following Procedure A outlined earlier,
1. The total design moment is
M u = 1.2M D + 1.6M L
2. Estimate d:
d = h 3 = 25 3 = 22 in.
required R =
M n (M u / ) (220 / 0.9 )
=
=
12 1000 = 606.06 psi
bd 2
bd 2
(10)(22)2
Slide No. 29
Example 8 (contd)
3. From Table 5 (Table A-5 Handout), for R =
606.06 psi and by interpolation,
= 0.01172
4. Required As = bd = 0.01172 (10) (22) = 2.58 in2
Check As, min. From Table 3,
15
Slide No. 30
Example 8 (contd)
By interpolation:
605.37
606.06
609.71
R (psi)
0.0114
592.26
0.0117
0.0115
596.65
0.0116
601.02
0.0118
0.0117
605.37
0.0118
609.71
0.0119
614.04
0.0120
618.35
0.0121
622.65
0.0122
626.94
0.0123
631.21
0.0124
635.46
Therefore,
0.0117
606.06 - 605.37
=
609.71 - 605.37 0.0118 0.0117
= 0.01172
Slide No. 31
Example 8 (contd)
f c( psi)
Table 3
Design Constants
Check strains:
a=
As f y
0.85 f cb
Values used in
the example.
2.58(60 )
a 6.07
= 6.07 c =
=
= 7.14
0.85(3)(10 )
1 0.85
d c
22 7.14
t = 0.003
= 0.003
= 0.0062 > 0.005 OK
c
7.14
3000
4000
5000
6000
3000
4000
5000
6000
3000
4000
5000
6000
3000
4000
5000
6000
3 f c 200
max
,
fy
f y
f y = 40,000 psi
0.0050
0.0050
0.0053
0.0058
f y = 50,000 psi
0.0040
0.0040
0.0042
0.0046
f y = 60,000 psi
0.0033
0.0033
0.0035
0.0039
f y = 75,000 psi
0.0027
0.0027
0.0028
0.0031
0.03712
0.04949
0.05823
0.06551
0.02753
0.03671
0.04318
0.04858
0.02138
0.02851
0.03354
0.03773
0.01552
0.02069
0.02435
0.02739
16
Slide No. 32
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Figure 14. Strain Limit Zones and variation of Strength Reduction Factor
Slide No. 33
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Example 8 (contd)
5. Select the bars;
In essence, the the bar or combination of
bars that provide 2.58 in2 of steel area
will be satisfactory. From Table 6
6 No. 6 bars: As = 2.64 in2
9 No. 5 bars: As = 2.79 in2
3 No. 9 bars: As = 3.00 in2
4 No. 8 bars: As = 3.16 in2
17
Slide No. 34
Example 8 (contd)
Number
of bars
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
#3
0.11
0.22
0.33
0.44
0.55
0.66
0.77
0.88
0.99
1.10
#4
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
2.00
#5
0.31
0.62
0.93
1.24
1.55
1.86
2.17
2.48
2.79
3.10
#6
0.44
0.88
1.32
1.76
2.20
2.64
3.08
3.52
3.96
4.40
Bar number
#7
0.60
1.20
1.80
2.40
3.00
3.60
4.20
4.80
5.40
6.00
#8
0.79
1.58
2.37
3.16
3.95
4.74
5.53
6.32
7.11
7.90
#9
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
#10
1.27
2.54
3.81
5.08
6.35
7.62
8.89
10.16
11.43
12.70
#11
1.56
3.12
4.68
6.24
7.80
9.36
10.92
12.48
14.04
15.60
Slide No. 35
ENCE 454 Assakkaf
Example 8 (contd)
18
Slide No. 36
Example 8 (contd)
OK
# 3 and #4
6.0
7.5
9.0
10.5
12.0
13.5
15.0
16.5
18.0
$5
6.0
8.0
9.5
11.0
12.5
14.5
16.0
17.5
19.0
#6
6.5
8.0
10.0
11.5
13.5
15.0
17.0
18.5
20.5
Bar number
#7
#8
6.5
7.0
8.5
9.0
10.5
11.0
12.5
13.0
14.0
15.0
16.0
17.0
18.0
19.0
20.0
21.0
21.5
23.0
#9
7.5
9.5
12.0
14.0
16.5
18.5
21.0
23.0
25.5
#10
8.0
10.5
13.0
15.5
18.0
20.5
23.0
25.5
28.0
#11
8.0
11.0
14.0
16.5
19.5
22.5
25.0
28.0
31.0
Slide No. 37
Example 8 (contd)
Area (in )
3
0.376
4
0.668
5
1.043
6
1.502
7
2.044
8
2.670
9
3.400
10
4.303
11
5.313
14
7.650
18
13.60
0.375
0.500
0.625
0.750
0.875
1.000
1.128
1.270
1.410
1.693
2.257
0.11
0.20
0.31
0.44
0.60
0.79
1.00
1.27
1.56
2.25
4.00
Recheck strains:
a=
As f y
0.85 f cb
3.0(60)
a 7.06
= 7.06 c =
=
= 8.31
0.85(3)(10 )
1 0.85
d c
22.6 8.31
= 0.003
= 0.0052 > 0.005 OK
c
8.31
t = 0.003
7.06
a
M u = M n = As f y d = 0.9(3)(60 ) 22.6
/ 12 = 257 ft - kips > 220 ft - kips OK
2
2
19
Slide No. 38
Example 8 (contd)
Final Design Sketch
Tie steel
#3 stirrup
25
3-#9 bars
1
1 clear (typical)
2
10
Slide No. 39
ENCE 454 Assakkaf
Example 9
Design a simply supported rectangular
reinforced beam with tension steel only to
carry a service load of 0.9 kip/ft and service
live load of 2.0 kips/ft. (the dead load does
not include the weight of the beam.) The span
is 18 ft. Assume No. 3 stirrups. Use f c =
4,000 psi and fy = 60,000 psi
20
Slide No. 40
Example 9 (contd)
A
A
In this problem we have to determine
h, b, and As. This is called free design.
This problem can solved according to
the outlines of Procedure B presented
earlier. This example will be discussed
in class for complete solution.
Introduction to Slabs
h=?
As = ?
b=?
Slide No. 41
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21
Introduction to Slabs
Introduction to Slabs
Slide No. 42
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Slide No. 43
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22
Introduction to Slabs
Floor-Column Systems
Introduction to Slabs
Slide No. 44
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Slide No. 45
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Floor-Column Systems
23
Introduction to Slabs
Slide No. 46
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One-Way Slab
A one-way slab can be defined as a structural
reinforced concrete slab supported on two
opposite sides so that the bending occurs in
one direction only, that is, perpendicular to the
supported edges.
One-way slabs are concrete floor panels for
which the ratio of the long span to the short
span equals or exceed a value of 2.0.
If this ratio is less than 2.0, then the floor
panel becomes a two-way slab (chapter 11).
Introduction to Slabs
Slide No. 47
ENCE 454 Assakkaf
One-Way Slab
24
Introduction to Slabs
Slide No. 48
ENCE 454 Assakkaf
Flat Slab
A specific type of twoway slab is categorized
as a flat slab. A flat
slab may be defined as
a concrete slab
reinforced in two or
more directions,
generally without
beams or girders to
transfer the loads to the
supporting members.
Slide No. 49
ENCE 454 Assakkaf
25
Slide No. 50
Figure 21
12
Slide No. 51
(35a)
(35b)
Concrete protection:
26
Slide No. 52
Example 10
3
clear
4
#8 @ 6 o.c
Slide No. 53
Example 10 (contd)
As f y
0.85 f cb
b = 12 in.
8
OK
3
4
clear
#8 @ 6 o.c
1.58(40 )
2.07
= 2.07 in. c =
= 2.44 in.
0.85(3)(12)
0.85
c 2.44
=
= 0.361 < 0.375 (tension controlled) OK
d t 6.75
So use = 0.9
27
Slide No. 54
Diameter
in
0.375
0.500
0.625
0.750
0.875
1.000
1.128
1.270
1.410
1.693
2.257
Area
in2
0.11
0.20
0.31
0.44
0.60
0.79
1.00
1.27
1.56
2.25
4.00
Weight
lb/ft
0.376
0.668
1.043
1.502
2.044
2.670
3.400
4.303
5.313
7.650
13.60
Slide No. 55
ENCE 454 Assakkaf
Example 10 (contd)
a
2.07
= 6.75
= 5.72 in.
2
2
1.58(40 )(5.72 )
M n = As f y ( jd ) =
= 30.13 ft - kips
12
Therefore,
M n = 0.9(30.13) = 27.1 ft - kips
jd = d
wu L2
8
27.1(8) 27.1(8)
wu =
=
= 1.51 k/ft
L2
(12)2
M u = M n = 27.1 =
28
Slide No. 56
Example 10 (contd)
wu = 1.2 wD + 1.6wL
wD = weight of slab =
ACI Code
Rn 1.2D +1.6L
8(12 )
(0.150) = 0.10 k/ft
144
1.51 1.2(0.1)
= 0.869 k/ft = 869 psf
1.6
29