Psych Unit 7b Practice Quiz

AP Psych
Unit 7B Practice Quiz

1. The use of heuristics rather than algorithms is most likely to
A) save time in arriving at solutions to problems.
B) yield more accurate solutions to problems.
C) minimize the overconfidence phenomenon.
D)
E)
involve greater reliance on language skills.

avoid the issue of functional fixedness.
2. Professor Pegler's research efforts focus on how the use of heuristics influences the way people assess financial risks. Which specialty
area does his research best represent?
A) developmental psychology
D) cognitive psychology
B) biological psychology
E) personality psychology
C) clinical psychology
3. Most people take less time to identify a cow as a mammal than a mouse as a mammal because a cow more closely resembles their
mammal
A) prototype.
B) hierarchy.
C) heuristic.
D) algorithm.
E) confirmation bias.
4. When her teacher mentioned the arms race, Krista understood that the word arms referred to weapons and not to body parts. Krista's
correct interpretation best illustrates the importance of
A) semantics.
B) the representativeness heuristic.
C) syntax.
D) morphemes.
E) prototypes.
5. How many phonemes are in the word bats?
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4
6. Three-year old Lucy said, Mommy goed to the store. Lucy's mistake best demonstrates that
A) telegraphic speech may not necessarily be grammatically correct.
B) children learn language through behavioral principles.
C) learning theory does not adequately explain language acquisition.
D) linguistic determinism impacts how language is acquired.
E) young children think primarily in images.
7. Which of the following best illustrates psychology's current understanding of the relationship between thinking and language?
A) Language determines the way we think.
B) Thought and language are unrelated.
C) All thinking must be language-based.
D) Cognition and language are processed in the occipital lobe.
E) Thinking affects language, which then affects our thoughts.
8. Morphemes are
A) the smallest speech units that carry meaning.
B) the best examples of particular categories of objects.
C) the smallest distinctive sound units of a language.
D) rules for combining words into grammatically correct sentences.
E) genetic road maps that lead to insight.
9. A chess-playing computer program that routinely calculates all possible outcomes of all possible game moves best illustrates problem
solving by means of
A) the availability heuristic.
D) the representativeness heuristic.
B) belief perseverance.
E) functional fixedness.
C) an algorithm.
10. Children begin to demonstrate that they know how to put words in a sensible order during the ________ stage.
A) babbling
B) syntactic
C) two-word
D) three-word
E) phonetic
11. After learning that her two best friends had lost their jobs, Mariah began to grossly overestimate the national unemployment rate.
Mariah's reaction best illustrates the consequences of
A) confirmation bias.
D) the belief perseverance phenomenon.
B) the availability heuristic.
E) the framing effect.
C) the representativeness heuristic.
12. When we use the term Hispanic to refer to a category of people, we are using this word as a(n)
A) concept.
B) heuristic.
C) algorithm.
D) prototype.
E) mental set.
13. When someone mentions Ivy League colleges, Trisha immediately thinks of Harvard University. In this instance, Harvard University is a
A) fixation.
B) algorithm.
C) heuristic.
D) prototype.
E) mental set.
14. Babies' first demonstration of productive language occurs
A) prior to the babbling stage.
B) during the babbling stage.
C) during the one-word stage.
D)
E)
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during the two-word stage.

after the two-word stage.
15. Research findings suggest that the best advice to give people who want to avoid belief perseverance is
A) Try to justify your positions.
D) Be as objective as possible.
B) Consider the opposite.
E) Never show your emotions.
C) Don't draw hasty conclusions.
16. The sudden comprehension of the double meaning of a humorous pun best illustrates
A) the representativeness heuristic.
D) the framing effect.
E) insight.
C) the availability heuristic.
17. In trying to solve a potentially complicated problem quickly, we are most likely to rely on
A) prototypes.
B) heuristics.
C) phonemes.
D) algorithms.
E) framing.
18. Those who learn sign language as teens never become as fluent as children exposed to sign language from birth. This best illustrates
the importance of ________ for mastering language.
A) heuristics
B) telegraphic speech
C) a critical period
D) reinforcement
E) syntax
19. Noam Chomsky argues that children's readiness to learn language is a(n)
A) algorithm.
B) heuristic.
C) universal grammar.
D) biological predisposition.
E) example of operant conditioning.
20. In the process of classifying objects, people are especially likely to make use of
A) algorithms.
B) phonemes.
C) prototypes.
D) mental sets.
E) heuristics.
21. Word meaning is to word order as ________ is to ________.
A) concept; prototype
B) phoneme; grammar
C) morpheme; phoneme
D)
E)
semantics; syntax
nomenclature; semantics
22. The tendency to search for information consistent with our preconceptions is called
A) functional fixedness.
E) overconfidence.
C) confirmation bias.
23. Research participants were asked to identify a word that could be associated meaningfully with each of three other words. Solutions that
occurred with sudden insight were accompanied by a burst of activity in the brain's ________ lobe.
A) right temporal
B) left parietal
C) right occipital
D) right parietal
E) right frontal
24. Despite overwhelming and highly publicized evidence that Senator McEwan was guilty of serious political corruption and misconduct,
many who had supported her in past elections remained convinced of her political integrity. Their reaction best illustrates
D) the availability heuristic.
C) belief perseverance.
25. Which of the following was cited by Whorf as evidence in support of the linguistic determinism hypothesis?
A) The generic pronoun he is just as likely to trigger images of women as of men.
B) People with no words for colors can still perceive color differences.
C) The Hopi cannot readily think about the past because their language has no past tense for verbs.
D) Children born deaf learn to use signs and gestures to communicate within the Deaf community.
E) Adjectives typically follow a noun but come before a verb in most languages.
26. It is difficult to explain language acquisition solely in terms of imitation and reinforcement because children
A) acquire language even in the absence of social interaction.
B) resent being corrected for grammatical mistakes.
C) generate all sorts of sentences they have never heard before.
D) employ telegraphic speech patterns before their second birthday.
E) respond so positively to rewards for language use.
27. Injury to certain areas of the ________ lobes can destroy imagination while leaving reading, writing, and arithmetic skills intact.
A) frontal
B) parietal
C) occipital
D) temporal
E) central
28. As he attempted to spell the word receive, Tim reminded himself i before e except after c. Tim's self-reminder best illustrates the use
of
A) trial and error.
B) insight.
C) an algorithm.
D) a heuristic.
E) prototypes.
29. Noam Chomsky has emphasized that the acquisition of language by children is facilitated by
A) an inborn readiness to learn grammatical rules.
B) their ability to imitate the words and grammar modeled by parents.
C) the learned association of word sounds with various objects, events, actions, and qualities.
D) the positive reinforcement that adults give children for speaking correctly.
E) operant and classical conditioning techniques.
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30. Because Ken is 6 6 , people often mistakenly assume that he must be a member of his high school basketball team. This mistaken
judgment best illustrates the impact of
B) the belief perseverance phenomenon.
E) framing.
31. The components of creativity include
A) impulsivity and empathy.
B) expertise and a venturesome personality.
C) competitiveness and dogmatism.
D)
E)
imagination and extrinsic motivation.

competitiveness and empathy.
32. Raul and Sophia were having a picnic when it started to rain. They did not think of using their big plastic tablecloth as a temporary rain
shelter and so were drenched within minutes. Their oversight best illustrates
B) confirmation bias.
C) belief perseverance.
D) functional fixedness.
E) overconfidence.
33. Jacquelyn suffered symptoms so similar to those associated with appendicitis that she erroneously concluded that she needed to have
her appendix removed. Jacquelyn's conclusion best illustrates the influence of
34. Introductory psychology students were more likely to achieve a good midterm exam grade if prior to the exam they repeatedly practiced
visual imagery that involved
A) receptive language.
D) a process simulation.
B) an outcome simulation.
E) effective syntax.
C) productive language.
35. Generating the single correct answer to an intelligence test question illustrates
A) factor analysis.
B) convergent thinking.
C) reliability.
D) standardization.
E) the availability heuristic.
36. Mistakenly concluding that the forgetful acts of an older person must be indicative of Alzheimer's disease best illustrates the impact of
C) intuition.
E) framing.
37. When Fred pronounced the words this and that, he noticed that they share a common
A) prototype.
B) phenotype.
C) morpheme.
D) algorithm.
E) phoneme.
38. Kevin did not know whether the locker room was located down the short hallway to his right or down the long hallway to his left. Crossing
his fingers, he decided to try the short hallway. His problem strategy best illustrates
B) functional fixedness.
C) trial and error.
D) belief perseverance.
39. In elementary school and high school, Charlie got away with copying his test answers from classmates. Because the college has test
proctors who are very observant, Charlie spends as many hours devising new ways to cheat as it would take him to study and perform
well in an honest fashion. Charlie's strategy for passing tests illustrates the consequences of
B) a mental set.
40. A single, memorable case of welfare fraud has a greater impact on estimates of the frequency of welfare abuse than do statistics
showing that this case is actually the exception to the rule. This illustrates that judgments are influenced by the
D) framing effect.
B) representativeness heuristic.
E) availability heuristic.
C) belief perseverance phenomenon.
41. Christmas is to holiday as ________ is to ________.
A) category; prototype
B) availability heuristic; representativeness heuristic
C) algorithm; heuristic
D)
E)
prototype; category
intuition; belief perseverance
42. Contemporary psychologists are most likely to criticize Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis for
A) overestimating the impact of thinking on language.
B) overestimating the extent to which thinking occurs without language.
C) underestimating the impact of language on thinking.
D) underestimating the extent to which thinking occurs without language.
E) underestimating how much language use changes over our lifetime.
43. Many people perceive carjackings as more serious threats to their lives than failing to use seatbelts because carjackings are so much
more memorable. This best illustrates the importance of
A) belief perseverance.
44. Because she believes that boys are naughtier than girls, Mrs. Zumpano, a second-grade teacher, watches boys more closely than she
watches girls for any signs of misbehavior. Mrs. Zumpano's surveillance strategy best illustrates
B) confirmation bias.
C) functional fixedness.
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45. Chomsky suggested that as a child first begins hearing language, appropriate settings or standards regarding the rules of that language
are activated in the child's
A) representativeness heuristic.
D) algorithm.
B) language acquisition device.
E) linguistic prototype.
C) category hierarchy.
46. Students routinely underestimate how much time it will take them to complete assigned course projects. This best illustrates the impact
of
A) framing.
B) functional fixedness.
E) overconfidence.
C) the availability heuristic.
47. If our capacity to form concepts depends on our verbal memory, this would best illustrate
A) the framing effect.
D) linguistic determinism.
B) universal grammar.
C) telegraphic speech.
48. Framing refers to
A) a methodical step-by-step procedure for solving problems.
B) the way in which a problem or issue is phrased or worded.
C) the grouping of similar objects, events, or people into a category.
D) a simple thinking strategy for solving problems efficiently.
E) judging the likelihood of an event based on how well it matches a prototype.
49. The system of rules in a language that enables us to understand and communicate with others is called
A) an algorithm.
B) telegraphic speech.
C) grammar.
D) a heuristic.
E) morphemes.
50. A European visitor to the United States asked a taxi driver, Can you please a ride to the airport me give? This visitor has apparently not
yet mastered the ________ of the English language.
A) phonemes
B) syntax
C) semantics
D) phenotypes
E) nomenclature
51. Injury to the left ________ lobe damages the convergent thinking required for successful performance on intelligence tests.
A) frontal
B) parietal
C) occipital
D) temporal
E) limbic
52. Scotty worked to find the solution to a long-division problem. In solving the problem, Scotty would engage in
A) framing.
B) divergent thinking.
D) convergent thinking.
E) belief perseverance.
53. It is very difficult to get someone to change his or her unrealistically negative self-image. This best illustrates the importance of
E) overconfidence.
C) the framing effect.
54. Language refers to the
A) smallest distinctive sound units.
B) rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences.
C) spoken, written, or signed words and the ways they are combined to communicate meaning.
D) rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes.
E) ways we think about solving problems and communicating those solutions, including framing the issues.
55. If a stranger looks like someone who previously harmed or threatened us in some way, we maywithout consciously recalling the earlier
experiencereact warily. This illustrates that our reactions to others may be influenced by
A) critical periods.
B) algorithms.
C) intuition.
E) framing.
56. In writing survey questions, political pollsters who want to gather evidence of people's support for particular viewpoints are especially
likely to be aware of
A) the representativeness heuristic.
D) the framing effect.
B) telegraphic speech.
C) functional fixedness.
57. Brainstorming sessions that encourage people to spontaneously suggest new and unusual solutions to a problem are designed to avoid
A) heuristics.
B) prototypes.
C) semantics.
D) fixations.
E) framing.
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AP Psych

Unit 7B Practice Quiz

involve greater reliance on language skills.

during the two-word stage.

E) example of operant conditioning.

imagination and extrinsic motivation.

E) the availability heuristic.

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