*CHEMISTRY
7
7Paper 2
8
3Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
8
1No Additional Materials are required.
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2
1
For
Examiners
Use
(a)
A
n
s
w
e
r
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
s
b
y
c
h
o
o
s
i
n
g
o
n
l
y
w
w
w
.
X
t
r
e
m
e
P
a
p
e
r
s
.
n
e
t
3
2
For
Examiners
Use
giant covalent
giant ionic
metallic
simple atomic
simple molecular
(a) The diagrams below show four types of chemical structures.
A
B
C
D
KK
I
K
I
Z
Z
n
Z
n
Z
n
Z
n
Z
Z
n
Zn
Zn
is ..................................................................
......................................
[1] structure B
is ..................................................................
......................................
[1] structure C
is ..................................................................
......................................
[1] structure D
is ..................................................................
...................................... [1]
(ii) Which two of the structures A, B, C or D have low
melting points?
..........................................................
and
.........................................................
[1]
(b) Sodium chloride is an ionic solid.
Complete the following sentences using words from the list.
electrons
ionic
molten
molecular
solid
[Turn
over
4
3
For
Examiners
Use
(
i
)
D
e
s
c
r
i
b
e
a
t
e
s
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
g
a
s
g
i
v
e
n
o
f
f
i
n
t
h
i
s
r
e
a
c
t
i
o
n
.
test ..........................................................................................................
...................
result .......................................................................................................
............. [2]
(ii)
What is the most likely pH of the solution in the beaker when the
reaction is complete?
Put a ring around the correct answer.
pH2
pH6
pH12
pH7
pH8
[1]
(ii)
[2]
(iii)
+ ...............
H
2
O
combustion
dehydration
hydrogenation
[1]
When 4.4 g of propane are burnt in excess oxygen, 7.2 g of water are formed.
Calculate the mass of water formed when 22 g of propane are burnt.
[1]
[Total: 10]
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5
4
For
Examiners
Use
clam
wat
er
wat
er
ink
ink
Aft
er
twe
nty
hou
rs
the
blu
e
col
our
of
the
ink
had
spr
ead
thr
oug
hou
t
the
wat
er.
(a)
Us
e
the
kin
etic
par
ticl
e
the
ory
to
exp
lain
the
se
obs
erv
ations.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Ink is a mixture of many chemicals.
What do you understand by the term mixture?
...........................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
[1]
(c) The list shows some of the substances present in ink.
carb
oxyli
c
acid
s
coba
lt(II)
ions
etha
nol
iro
n(I
I)
io
ns
ni
ck
el(
II)
io
ns
ta
nn
in
s
w
a
t
e
r
(i)
6
(ii)
For
Examiners
Use
[
1
]
(i
ii
)
T
a
n
n
i
n
s
a
r
e
p
o
l
y
m
e
r
s
.
Wha
do
you
unde
rstan
d by
the
term
poly
mer
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
....
.......
.......
..............................................................................
................................ [2]
(d) One of the carboxylic acids present in ink is gallic
acid.
The structure of gallic acid is shown below.
O
O
H
C
H
O
O
H
O
H
(i)
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5
For
Examiners
Use
A
B
C
D
(b) The student takes a drop of the green solution and puts a spot of it onto a piece of
chromatography paper.
From the diagrams below choose the letter for the most suitable piece of apparatus for
this task.
l
e
t
t
e
r
.
.
.
.
.
.
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[
1
]
the solvent,
the original position of the spot of green solution,
the chromatography paper.
[3]
(ii)
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8
(d) The structure of some organic compounds found in plant leaves are shown below.
For
Examiners
Use
A
B
C
D
H
H
C
H
C
C
C
H
O
(i)
H
C
H
H
w w
w
.
X
t
r
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m
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P
a
p
e
r
s
.
n
e
t
.............................................................................................................................
(ii)
(iii)
..............................................................................................................................
[1]
(iv)
..............................................................................................................................
[1]
(v)
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For
Examiners
Use
(a)
Sta
te
tw
o
phy
sic
al
pro
per
ties
whi
ch
are
cha
ract
eris
tic
of
met
als.
.
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.
...............................................................
......................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
....... [2]
(b) To which Group in the Periodic Table
does lead belong?
...............................................................
...............................................................
....... [1]
(c) An isotope of lead has the mass
number 208.
Complete the table to show
the number of subatomic
particles in an atom of this
isotope of lead.
Use the Periodic Table to help you.
type of particle
electrons
protons
neutrons
[3]
(d) When lead is heated in oxygen, lead(II)
oxide is formed.
Write a word equation for this reation.
...............................................................
...............................................................
....... [1]
(e) When lead(II) oxide is
heated with carbon, lead
and carbon monoxide are
formed.
P
b
O
+
C
P
b
+
C
O
(i)
o
x
i
d
i
s
e
d
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
i
s
r
e
a
c
t
i
o
n
?
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
......
[1]
(
i
i
)
C
a
r
b
o
n
m
o
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
s
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
i
t
y wh
is a
liqui
is a
at ro
temp
ure.
It forms
about 1
% of
the
atmosp
here.
1]
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11
7
For
Examiners
Use
diamond
graphite
Buckminsterfullerene
(a)
(i)
Sta
te
on
e
diff
ere
nce
in
stru
ctur
e
bet
we
en
Bu
ck
min
ster
full
ere
ne
and
dia
mo
nd.
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
....
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
...................................... [1]
(ii)
(b) State the type of bonding between the carbon atoms in diamond.
.....................................................................................................................
................ [1]
(c) Suggest why graphite is used as a lubricant.
Refer to the layers in your answer.
.....................................................................................................................
......................
.....................................................................................................................
................ [1]
(d) State one use for diamond.
.....................................................................................................................
................ [1]
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12
(e) Coal is a fuel containing carbon.
When coal is burnt, carbon dioxide is produced.
Explain how the increase in carbon dioxide concentration in the atmopshere affects the
worlds climate.
For
Examiners
Use
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(f) Coal also contains small amounts of sulfur.
Explain how burning coal leads to acid rain.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(g) Methane is a fuel.
(i)
w
w
w
.
X
t
r
e
m
e
P
a
p
e
s.net
13
(ii)
For
Examiners
Use
[1]
(iii)
14
8
The diagram shows a rotary kiln used to make lime from limestone.
Limestone is fed in at the top of the kiln and lime comes out at the bottom.
For
Examiners
Use
kiln moves ro
hot
air
lime
(a)
Wh
at
is
the
che
mic
al
na
me
for
lim
e?
.
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.
.
.................................................................................................... [1]
(b) State the name of the type of chemical reaction that takes place in
the rotary lime kiln.
..............................................................................................................
....................... [1]
(c) Suggest why the air coming out of the rotary kiln has a
greater percentage of carbon dioxide than the air
entering the kiln.
..............................................................................................................
....................... [1]
(d) State one use for lime.
..............................................................................................................
....................... [1]
(e) A student compared the speed of reaction of three metal carbonates.
She measured the volume of gas released using the apparatus
shown.
g
a
s
s
y
r
i
n
g
e
m
e
t
a
l
c
a
r
b
o
n
a
t
e
heat
State one thing that must be kept constant if the
s
p
e
e
d
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
r
e
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
a
r
e
t
o
b
e
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
d
i
n
a
f
a
i
r
w
a
y
.
.
.
.
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(f) The graph shows the volume of carbon dioxide released when the three metal
carbonates are heated.
For
Examiners
Use
50
40
carb
e
s
ot
r
o
un
mt
i
eu
om
f
c
ca
ar
rb
bo
n
oa
nt
de
o
xi2
d0
e
/
1
c0
m
ba
0
0
2
4
6
8
1
0
1
2
(
i
(ii)
(iii)
How does the speed of the reaction of these three metal carbonates
relate to the position of calcium, strontium and barium in the Periodic
Table?
....................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
(g) Describe how hydrochloric acid and limewater can be used to show that
carbonate ions are present in calcium carbonate.
.......................................................................................................................................
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16
0
20
40
84
131
Ne
Ar
Kr
Xe
VII
10
19
35.5
80
Cl
Br
16
32
S
31
14
Phosphorus
IV
Tellurium
84
As
33
122
209
Sb
Bi
83
Antimony
73
28
Si
Ge
14
27
11
Al
5
Po
Poloniu
m
51
12
85
52
15
III
128
Te
75
Astatine
53
79
34
86
At
Se
Selenium
16
Rn
Radon
54
127
35
17
VI
36
18
Germanium
119
207
Sn
Pb
50
32
115
In
31
65
Zn
30
82
204
70
Ga
Aluminium
Th
e
vol
u
me
of
on
e
m
ole
of
an
y
ga
s
is
24
dm
49
Tl
81
112
201
Cd
Hg
Cadmium
80
48
64
108
197
Cu
Ag
Au
29
47
106
59
195
Pd
Ni
Pt
Palladium
28
79
Platinum
78
46
The
Periodic
Table of
the
Elements
103
59
at
ro
om
te
m
pe
rat
ur
e
an
d
pr
es
su
re
(r.t
.p.
Rh
Co
27
Rhodium
45
101
56
H
Hydrogen
Fe
26
Ruthenium
Os
76
44
55
T
c
Mn
Manganese
186
Re
Technetiu
m
25
Rhenium
75
96
52
184
Mo
Cr
Chromium
24
Molybdenum
42
Tungsten
74
51
93
181
Nb
Ta
Vanadium
23
190
Ru
41
Tantalum
73
48
Ti
22
91
178
Zr
Hf
Zirconium
45
139
89
Sc
Scandium
39
24
Beryllium
Ca
Magnesium
12
23
Sr
20
39
11
227
Strontium
Lanthanum
Ac
89
57
137
226
Ba
Ra
56
88
38
Na
Li
88
40
Mg
X =
La
21
Be
a = relative
atomic
mass
72
40
II
Promethium
Potassium
19
85
133
Rb
Cs
Rubidium
37
Caesium
Fr
55
Franciu
m
87
*5871
Lanth
anoid
serie
s
90103
Acti
noid
seri
atomic
symbol
b = proton
(atomic)
number
a
b
Ke
y
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