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MAY 2015

THE COUNCIL OF STATE GOVERNMENTS

CAPITOL RESEARCH
HEALTH POLICY

Alzheimer s Disease: A Growing Burden


Alzheimers diseasea progressive and fatal condition in which cells in certain parts of the brain are
destroyedcreates severe problems in memory,
judgment, ability to organize simple tasks and even
speech. The most common form of irreversible
dementia, the condition has no cure or even diseasemodifying treatment.
An estimated 5.3 million Americans have Alzheimers disease in 2015. Age is the single greatest risk
factor for the disease. One in nine people 65 and
older (11 percent) have Alzheimers.1
5.1 million Americans with Alzheimers are 65 or
older.
Younger-onset Alzheimers affects an additional
200,000 people.
About one-third of people who live to be 85 or
older develop Alzheimers.
The vast majority of those with Alzheimers are 75
or older81 percent.
Almost two-thirds of those with Alzheimers are
women. Earlier thinking was that this difference
was because women live longer on average than
men, but some studies suggest some increased risk
may be directly linked to gender. Biological and
genetic factors are cited in some studies, including one genotype that has a stronger association
with Alzheimers in women than in men. In other
studies, life experiences such as type and amount of
education and occupation may play a role.
Older African-Americans are twice as likely to
develop Alzheimers and older Hispanics are one
AGE OF AMERICANS WITH ALZHEIMERS DISEASE, 2015
4%
15%

<65 YEARS
38%

65-74 YEARS
75-84 YEARS

43%

85+ YEARS

and one half times as likely to have the disease


and other forms of dementia as compared to older
whites. Differences in health, lifestyle and socioeconomic risk seem to account for the disparity,
not genetic factors related to race and ethnicity.
The number of people with Alzheimers disease is
expected to increase in the next 10 years. No state
is immune from this trend. The anticipated upward
trend is due to the rising number of baby boomers
who will be turning 65 over the time period, as well
as the increased life expectancy of Americans. The
number of new cases of Alzheimers is projected to
double by 2050.2
By 2025, the number of people 65 and older with
Alzheimers will increase by 40 percent, from 5.1
million to 7.1 million.
The 10 states with a largest projected 10-year
increasemore than 44 percentare Alaska,
Arizona, Georgia, Nevada, New Hampshire,
New Mexico, South Carolina, Utah, Virginia and
Wyoming.

Source: Alzheimers Association. 2015 Alzheimers Disease Facts and Figures. Alzheimers &
Dementia 2015;11(3)332+. https://www.alz.org/facts/downloads/facts_figures_2015.pdf

The 10 states with the smallest projected 10-year


increasebetween 14.3 and 21.6 percentare
Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, New
York, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania and
Wisconsin.
The sixth leading cause of death across all ages in
the United States is Alzheimers disease and among
those 65 and older, Alzheimers in the fifth leading
cause, according to the National Center for Health
Statistics.3
The distinction between death with Alzheimers
and death from Alzheimers may be blurred.
According to Medicare data, one-third of all
seniors who die in a given year have been diagnosed with Alzheimers disease.4
A recent study suggested that dementia was the
second largest contributing factor to death among
those over 65, only behind heart failure.5
The amount of unpaid caregiving provided to people
with Alzheimers disease is staggering. In 2014, nearly
18 billion hours in unpaid care was provided by relatives and friends.6
Unpaid caregiving was valued at $217.7 billion
dollars in 2014.
The value of this informal care is nearly equal to
the costs of direct medical and long-term care for
people with Alzheimers and other dementias.
Two-thirds of unpaid caregivers are women and
one-third of unpaid caregivers are 65 or older.
About half of unpaid caregivers are taking care of
parents.

About half47 percentof caregivers live within


20 minutes of the care recipient. Another 27 percent live in the same home as the care recipient.
The duration of unpaid caregiving is likely to
be long for those with Alzheimers disease.
Nearly half43 percentreported providing
care between one and four years to people with
Alzheimers. Another 32 percent provided care for
five or more years.
Caregiving takes a toll on relatives and friends.
The additional national health care costs incurred
by caregivers and as a result of caregiving are
estimated to top $9 million annually.
Debra Miller, CSG Director of Health Policy, dmiller@csg.org
REFERENCES
1
Alzheimers Association. 2015 Alzheimers Disease Facts and Figures. Alzheimers &
Dementia 2015;11(3)332+.
https://www.alz.org/facts/downloads/facts_figures_2015.pdf
2
Ibid.
3
National Center for Health Statistics. Deaths: Final data for 2013. National Vital
Statistics Report, Vol. 64, No. 2.
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_02.pdf
4
Alzheimers Association. 2015 Alzheimers Disease Facts and Figures.
5
Ibid.
6
Ibid.

Alzheimers Disease: Trend over Time and Burden on Unpaid Caregivers


Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease
Projected Number with Alzheimers
(in thousands)

Characteristics of Caregivers

2015

2025

Percent
Change
2015-2025

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio

87
6.4
120
53
590
65
73
17
9.1
500
130
26
23
210
110
63
51
68
82
26
99
120
180
89
51
110
19
33
39
22
170
36
380
160
14
210

110
11
200
67
840
92
91
23
9
720
190
35
33
260
130
73
62
86
110
35
130
150
220
120
65
130
27
40
64
32
210
53
460
210
16
250

26.4
71.9
66.7
26.4
42.4
41.5
24.7
35.3
-1.1
44
46.2
34.6
43.5
23.8
18.2
15.9
21.6
26.5
34.1
34.6
31.3
25
22.2
34.8
27.5
18.2
42.1
21.2
64.1
45.5
23.5
47.2
21.1
31.3
14.3
19

301
33
314
174
1,573
234
177
52
27
1,058
506
65
78
589
332
134
150
269
230
68
289
329
508
248
205
312
48
81
140
65
447
106
1,017
448
30
594

342
38
357
198
1,791
266
201
60
31
1,205
576
74
89
671
379
152
171
306
262
78
329
374
578
282
234
355
55
92
159
74
509
121
1,158
510
34
676

$4,166
$458
$4,345
$2,410
$21,795
$3,243
$2,450
$725
$378
$14,669
$7,015
$901
$1,084
$8,163
$4,608
$1,853
$2,075
$3,725
$3,186
$946
$4,001
$4,554
$7,035
$3,430
$2,846
$4,326
$668
$1,117
$1,937
$905
$6,189
$1,467
$14,091
$6,208
$414
$8,229

Oklahoma

60

76

26.7

220

250

$3,046

$130

Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

60
270
22
81
16
110
340
29
12
130
100
36
110
8.8

84
320
27
120
20
140
490
42
17
190
140
44
130
13

40
18.5
22.7
48.1
25
27.3
44.1
44.8
41.7
46.2
40
22.2
18.2
47.7

175
671
53
295
37
422
1,331
142
30
452
324
108
191
28

199
765
60
336
42
480
1,516
162
34
514
369
123
218
32

$2,422
$9,304
$731
$4,092
$514
$5,847
$18,446
$1,969
$413
$6,259
$4,485
$1,499
$2,650
$384

$105
$472
$40
$169
$24
$245
$716
$65
$21
$258
$200
$75
$127
$18

State

Number of
Caregivers (in
thousands)

Hours of
Unpaid Care (in
millions)

Higher Health Care


Value of Unpaid
Costs of Caregivers (in
Care (in millions )
millions)
$171
$27
$155
$97
$895
$128
$139
$40
$26
$688
$251
$41
$40
$362
$201
$84
$92
$161
$142
$53
$197
$277
$305
$167
$122
$198
$29
$52
$73
$47
$308
$64
$771
$263
$21
$382

Source: Alzheimers Association. 2015 Alzheimers Disease Facts and Figures. Alzheimers & Dementia 2015;11(3)332+.
https://www.alz.org/facts/downloads/facts_figures_2015.pdf

THE COUNCIL OF STATE GOVERNMENTS

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