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CONTENTS

* Synopsis

Questions

* Level - 1

* Level - 2

* Level - 3

Answers

* Level - 1

* Level - 2

* Level - 3

UNIT - 1
Functions Material

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 FUNCTION
SYNOPSIS

DEFINITIONS & RESULTS or injective mapping if different elements of A have

different f images in B . Thus for x1, x2 ∈ A & f(x1) ,
1. GENERAL DEFINITION :
f(x2) ∈ B , f(x1) = f(x2) ⇔ x1 = x2 or
If to every value (considered as real unless other-wise
stated) of a variable x, which belongs to some collection x1 ≠ x2 ⇔ f(x1) ≠ f(x2) .
(Set) A, there corresponds one and only one finite value Diagramatically an injective mapping can be shown as
of the quantity y, then y is said to be a function (Single
valued) of x or a dependent variable defined on the set A A B
; x is the argument or independent variable .
If to every value of x belonging to some set A there
corresponds one or several values of the variable y, then
y is called a multiple valued function of x defined on
A.Conventionally the word "FUNCTION” is used only (or)
as the meaning of a single valued function, if not A B
otherwise stated .
x f (x ) = y
Pictorially :  → f  → , y is called
input output
the image of x & x is the pre-image of y under f .
Note:(a) Any function which is entirely increasing or
Every function from A → B satisfies the following
decreasing in whole domain, then f(x) is one-one .
conditions .
(b) If any line parallel to x-axis cuts the graph of the
(a) f ⊂ A x B
function atmost at one point, then the function is
(b) ∀ a ∈ A ⇒ (a, f(a)) ∈ f and one-one .
(c) (a, b) ∈ f & (a, c) ∈ f ⇒ b = c Many - one function :
2. DOMAIN , CO -DOMAIN & RANGE OF A FUNCTION : A function f : A → B is said to be a many one
Let f : A → B, then the set A is known as the domain function if two or more elements of A have the same f
of f & the set B is known as co-domain of f . The set of all image in B . Thus f : A → B is many one if for ;
f images of elements of A is known as the range of f . x1, x2 ∈ A , f(x1) = f(x2) but x1 ≠ x2 .
Thus : Domain of f = {a | a ∈ A, (a, f(a)) ∈ f}
Range of f = {f(a) | a ∈ A, f(a) ∈ B} Diagramatically a many one mapping can be shown as
It should be noted that range is a subset of co-domain .
Sometimes if only f (x) is given then domain is set of
A B
those values of ' x ' for which f (x) exists or is defined .
x1
To find the range of a function, there isn't any particular x2
approach, but student will find one of these approaches
useful .
(or)
A B
(i) When a function is given in the form y = f (x), express
if possible ' x ' as a function of x1
' y ' i.e. x = g (y) . Find the domain of ' g ' . This will
x2
become range of ' f ' .
(ii) If y = f (x) is a continuous or piece-wise continuous
function , then range of ' f ' will be union of [ Minm f (x),
Note: (a) Any continuous function which has atleast one local
Maxm f (x) ] in all such intervals where f (x) is continuous/
maximum or local minimum, then f(x) is many-one . In
piece-wise continuous .
other words, if there is even a single line parallel to x-axis
3. CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTIONS :
cuts the graph of the function atleast at two points, then
Functions can be classified into two categories :
f is many-one .
(i) One - One Function (Injective mapping) or Many -
(b) If a function is one-one, it cannot be many-one and
one function :
vice versa .
A function f : A → B is said to be a one-one function

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 (c) All functions can be categorized as one-one or many-
one .
(ii) Onto function (Surjective mapping) or into function:
If the function f : A → B is such that each element in B
(co-domain) must have atleast one pre-image in A, then
we say that f is a function of A 'onto' B . Thus f : A → B
is surjective iff ∀ b ∈ B, ∃ some a ∈ A such that
f (a) = b .
Diagramatically surjective mapping can be shown as
A B
(or)
A B
Note that : if range = co-domain, then f(x) is onto .
Into function :
If f : A → B is such that there exists atleast one element
in co-domain which is not the image of any element in
domain, then f(x) is into .
Diagramatically into function can be shown as
A B
(or)
A B
Note that : if a function is onto, it cannot be into and viceversa
Thus a function can be one of these four types :
(a) one-one onto (injective & surjective)
(b) one-one into (injective but not surjective)
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(c) many-one onto (surjective but not injective)
(d) many-one into (neither surjective nor injective)
Note : (a) If f is both injective & surjective, then it is called
a Bijective mapping. The bijective functions are also
named as invertible, non singular or biuniform functions.
(b) If a set A contains n distinct elements then the
number of different functions defined from A → A is nn
& out of it n ! are one one .
4. ALGEBRAIC O PERATIONS ON F UNCTIONS :
If f & g are real valued functions of x with domain set A, B
respectively, then both f & g are defined in A ∩ B . Now
we define f + g , f - g , (f . g) & (f/g) as follows :
(i) (f ± g) (x) = f(x) ± g(x) (ii) (f . g) (x) = f(x) . g(x)
f f (x )
(iii)   (x) = domain is {x |x ∈ A ∩ B s . t g(x) ≠ 0}
 g g (x)
5. Important Types Of Functions :
(i) Polynomial Function :
If a function f is defined by f (x) = a 0 xn + a1 xn-1 + a2 xn-2 + ...
+ an-1 x + an where n is a non negative integer and a0, a1, a2,
..., a n are real numbers and a0 ≠ 0, then f is called a
polynomial function of degree n .
NOTE : (a) A polynomial of degree one with no constant term
is called an odd linear function . i.e. f(x) = ax , a ≠ 0
(b) There are two polynomial functions , satisfying the
relation ; f(x).f(1/x) = f(x) + f(1/x) . They are :
(i) f(x) = xn + 1 &
(ii) f(x) = 1 - xn , where n is a positive integer.
(ii) Algebraic Function :
y is an algebraic function of x, if it is a function that satisfies
an algebraic equation of the form , P 0 (x) yn + P1 (x) yn-1 +
....... + Pn-1 (x) y + Pn (x) = 0 Where n is a positive integer
and P0 (x), P1 (x) ........... are Polynomials in x.
e.g. y = |x | is an algebraic function, since it satisfies the
equation y² - x² = 0.
Note that all polynomial functions are Algebraic but not
the converse. A function that is not algebraic is called
TRANSCEDENTAL FUNCTION .
(iii) Fractional Rational Function :
A rational function is a function of the form.
g(x)
y = f (x) = , where g (x) & h (x) are polynomials & h (x) ≠ 0.
h(x)
(iv) Exponential Function :
A function f(x) = ax = ex ln a (a > 0 , a ≠ 1, x ∈ R) is called
an exponential function . The inverse of the
exponential function is called the logarithmic function .
i.e. g(x) = loga x .
Note that f(x) & g(x) are inverse of each other & their
graphs are as shown .
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 Ù +¥ +¥ Ù
1
x ,
a> (viii) Fractional Part Function :
=a
)¬
(0, f(x) = ax , 0 < a < 1 It is defined as : g (x) = {x} = x - [x] .
f(x ¾ 1) (0,
)45º 1) )45º e.g. the fractional part of the no. 2.1 is 2.1- 2 = 0.1 and the
Ø Ø
(1, (1,
x
fractional part of - 3.7 is 0.3 . The period of this function
0)

x
¾ 0)
x

® log a

=
is 1 and graph of this function is as shown .
=

y
y

)
g(x g(x) = loga x

v) ABSOLUTE VALUE FUNCTION : yÙ graph of y = {x}

A function y = f (x) = | x | is called the absolute value
function or Modulus function. It is defined as :
1 - - - -- º

------
º º º
 x if x ≥ 0
y=|x|=  .
− x if x < 0 · · · · · Øx
-1 1 2
(vi) Signum Function :
A function y = f (x) = Sgn (x) is defined as follows :
(ix) Identity function :
 1 for x > 0
The function f : A → A defined by f(x) = x ∀ x ∈ A is
y = f (x) =  0 for x = 0
 called the identity of A and is denoted by I A . It is easy to
 − 1 for x < 0 observe that identity function is a bijection .
(x) Constant function :
It is also written as Sgn x = | x | / x ;
A function f : A → B is said to be a constant function if
x ≠ 0 ; f (0) = 0
every element of A has the same f image in B . Thus
y f : A → B ; f(x) = c , ∀ x ∈ A , c ∈ B is a constant
y = 1 if x > 0 function. Note that the range of a constant function is a
singleton and a constant function may be one-one or
> x many -one, onto .
O
y = Sgn x 6. Homogeneous Functions :
y = -1 if x < 0 An integral function is said to be homogeneous with
respect to any set of variables when each of its terms
is of the same degree with respect to those variables.
(vii) Greatest Integer Or Step Up Function :
For example 5 x2 + 3 y2 - xy is homogeneous in x & y .
The function y = f (x) = [x] is called the greatest integer
7. Bounded Function :
function where [x] denotes the greatest integer less than
A function is said to be bounded if | f(x) | < M , where M
or equal to x . Note that for :
is a finite quantity .
- 1 < x < 0 ; [x] = - 1 0 < x < 1 ; [x] = 0
8. Implicit & Explicit Function :
1<x< 2 ; [x] = 1 2 < x < 3 ; [x] = 2
A function defined by an equation not solved for the
and so on .
dependent variable is called an IMPLICIT F UNCTION . For
Properties of greatest integer function :
eg. the equation x3 + y3 = 1 defines y as an implicit
(a) [x] < x < [x] + 1 and
function. If y has been expressed in terms of x alone then
x - 1 < [x] < x , 0 < x - [x] < 1
it is called an EXPLICIT FUNCTION .
(b) [x + m] = [x] + m if m is an integer .
9. Odd & Even Functions :
(c) [x] + [y] < [x + y] ≤ [x] + [y] + 1
If f (-x) = f (x) for all x in the domain of ‘f’ then f is said to
(d) [x] + [- x] = 0 if x is an integer
be an even function.
= - 1 otherwise .
e.g. f (x) = cos x ; g (x) = x² + 3 .
yÙ If f (-x) = -f (x) for all x in the domain of ‘f’ then f is said to
graph of y = [x] be an odd function.
3
e.g. f (x) = sin x ; g (x) = x3 + x . NOTE :
2 · º (a) f (x) - f (-x) = 0 ⇒ f (x) is even & f (x) + f (-x) = 0 ⇒
1 · º f (x) is odd .
(b) A function may neither be odd nor even .
· º Ø
(c) Inverse of an even function is not defined .
-3 -2 -1 1 2 x
· º -1 (d) Every even function is symmetric about the y-axis &
· -2 every odd function is symmetric about the origin .
º
(e) Every function can be expressed as the sum of an
-3
even & an odd function.

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 Properties Of Composite Functions :
f ( x ) + f ( − x ) f ( x) − f ( − x )
e.g. f ( x) = + (i) The composite of functions is not commutative
2 2 i.e. gof ≠ fog .
|________| |________|
| | (ii) The composite of functions is associative i.e. if f, g, h
EVEN ODD are three functions such that fo (goh) & (fog) oh are
(f) The only function which is defined on the entire number defined, then fo (goh) = (fog) oh .
line & is even and odd at the same time is f(x) = 0 . (iii) The composite of two bijections is a bijection i.e. if f &
(g) If f and g both are even or both are odd then the function g are two bijections such that gof is defined, then gof is
f.g will be even but if any one of them is odd then f.g also a bijection .
will be odd . 12. Inverse Of A Function :
10. Periodic Function : Let f : A → B be a one-one & onto function, then
A function f(x) is called periodic if there exists a + ve their exists a unique function
number T (T > 0) called the period of the function such g : B → A such that f(x) = y ⇔ g(y) = x, ∀ x ∈ A &
that f (x + T) = f(x), for all values of x within the domain of y ∈ B . Then g is said to be inverse of f . Thus
x.
g = f-1 : B → A = {(f(x), x) |(x, f(x)) ∈ f} .
e.g. The function sin x & cos x both are periodic over 2 π
& tan x is periodic over π .
Properties Of Inverse Function :
(i) The inverse of a bijection is unique .
NOTE :
(ii) If f : A → B is a bijection & g : B → A is the inverse of
(a) f (T) = f (0) = f (-T) , where ‘T’ is the period .
f, then fog = IB & gof = IA , where IA & IB are identity
(b) Inverse of a periodic function does not exist . functions on the sets A & B respectively. Note that the
(c) Every constant function is always periodic, with no graphs of f & g are the mirror images of each other
fundamental period . in the line y = x .
(d) If f (x) has a period T & g (x) also has a period T then (iii) The inverse of a bijection is also a bijection .
it does not mean that (iv) If f & g are two bijections f : A → B , g : B → C then
f (x) + g (x) must have a period T . the inverse of gof exists and (gof) -1 = f-1 o g-1 .
e.g. f (x) = | sinx | + | cosx | . (v) Inverse of an even function is not defined .

1
(e) If f(x) has a period p, then and f (x) also has a 13. Equal or Identical Function :
f (x)
Two functions f & g are said to be equal if :
period p .
(i) The domain of f = the domain of g .
(f) If f(x) has a period T then f (ax + b) has a period T |a | (ii) The range of f = the range of g and
(iii) f(x) = g(x) , for every x belonging to their common
11. Composite Functions : domain . eg.
Let f : A → B & g : B → C be two functions . Then the 1 x
function gof : A → C defined by (gof) (x) = g (f(x)) ∀ x f(x) = & g(x) = 2 are identical functions.
x x
∈ A is called the composite of the two functions
14. General :
f&g.
If x, y are independent variables, then :
x→ f (x )
Diagramatically 
 f  → g → g (f(x)) . (i) f(xy) = f(x) + f(y) ⇒ f(x) = k ln x or f(x) = 0 .
Thus the image of every x ∈ A under the function gof is (ii) f(xy) = f(x) . f(y) ⇒ f(x) = xn , n ∈ R
the g-image of the f-image of x.
(iii) f(x + y) = f(x) . f(y) ⇒ f(x) = akx .
Note that gof is defined only if ∀ x ∈ A, f(x) is an
element of the domain of g so that we can take its g- (iv) f(x + y) = f(x) = f(y) ⇒ f(x) = kx, where k is a constant.
image . Hence for the product gof of two functions f & g,
the range of f must be a subset of the domain of g .

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L E V E L - 1 (Objective) w w w. m a t h i i t . i n

1. The period of the function, f(x) = [sin 3x] + |cos 6x| is : ( [.] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x)

2π π
(a) π (b) (c) 2 π (d)
3 2

sec −1 x
2. The function f(x) = , where [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x is defined for all
x − [ x]

x belonging to :
(a) R (b) R - {(-1, 1) ∪ {n : n ∈ I)} (c) R′ - (0, 1) (d) R′ - {n : n ∈ N}

3. The function f(x) = log x 2 ( x ) is defined for x belonging to :

(a) (- ∞ , 0) (b) (1, ∞ ) (c) (0, ∞ ) (d) none of these

 π  π 5
4. If f(x) = sin 2 x + sin 2  x +  + cos x. cos x +  and g  =1, then (gof)(x) =
 3  3 4
(a) 1 (b) -1 (c) x (d) none of these

4 − x2
5. Let [x] denote the greatest integer ≤ x . The domain of definition of function f ( x ) = is
[x ] + 2

(a) (−∞ , − 2) ∪ [ −1, 2] (b) [0, 2] (c) [-1, 2] (d) (0, 2)

 5x − x 2 
6. The domain of definition of the function f ( x ) = log10   is
 4 

(a) [1, 4] (b) (1, 4) (c) (0, 5) (d) [0, 5]

1
7. The range of the function f ( x ) = is
2 − cos 3x

 1  1 
(a) − ,0 (b) R (c)  ,1 (d) none of these
 3  3 

1
8. The domain of definition of the function f ( x ) = is
| x | −x

(a) R (b) (0, ∞ ) (c) (- ∞ ,0) (d) none of these

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9. The function f ( x ) = log( x + x 2 + 1) is
(a) an even function (b) an odd function (c) periodic function (d) none of these

(
10. The function f ( x ) = cos log( x + x 2 + 1) is )
(a) even (b) odd (c) constant (d) none of these
11. Thr period of the function f(x) = sin4x+ cos4x is
(a) π (b) π /2 (c) 2 π (d) none of these
12. Which of the following functions is an odd function

(a) f(x) = constant (b) f(x) = sinx + cosx (

(c) f ( x ) = sin log( x + x 2 + 1) ) (d) f(x) = 1 + x + 2x3
13. The domain of definition of the functionf(x) = 7-xPx-3 is
(a) [3, 7] (b) {3,4,5,6,7} (c) {3,4,5} (d) none of these

sin 4 x + cos 4 x
14. The function f ( x ) = is
x + x 2 tan x
(a) even (b) odd (c) periodic with period π (d) periodic with period 2 π
15. Range of f(x) = |x| + |x+1| is
(a) [0, ∞ ) (b) (0, ∞ ) (c) (1, ∞ ) (d) [1, ∞ )
16. Range of tan-1x - cot-1x is

 − 3π π  2  2 
(a) (0, π ) (b)  , (c)  ,1 (d)  ,1
 2 2  3  3 

17. The range of | x | − x is

(a) (0, ∞ ) (b) [0, ∞ ) (c) (- ∞ ,0) (d) (- ∞ ,0]

 10 2 x − 1 
18. If f ( x ) = x  2 x  then ‘f’ is
2

 10 + 1 

(a) an even function (b) an odd function (c) neither even nor odd (d) cannot be determined

1
19. The domain of the function f(x) = + ( x + 2) is
log10 (1 − x )

(a) [-3, -2] excluding (-2.5) (b) [0, 1] excluding 0.5

(c) [-2, 1], excluding 0 (d) None of these
4
πx + x −[ x ]+ cos 2 πx
20. The period of e cos is ([.] denotes the greatest integer function)
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) -1

−1  1 + x 
2

21. The domain of the function f(x) = sin −1

(log 2 x ) + cos(sin x ) + sin 
 2x 
 
(a) {x : 1 < x < 2} (b) {1} (c) Not defined for any value x (d) {-1, 1}

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22. If [.] denotes the greatest integer function then the domain of the real valued function log[ x +1/ 2] | x 2 − x − 2 | is

3  3  1 
(a)  , ∞  (b)  , 2  ∪ ( 2, ∞ ) (c)  , 2  ∪ ( 2, ∞ ) (d) None of these
2  2  2 

2
6 ( x − 2)
23. The domain of the function f(x) = 4 x + 8 3 − 52 − 2 2 ( x −1) is
(a) (0, 1) (b) [3, ∞ ) (c) (1, 0) (d) none
24. A function whose graph is symmetrical about the y-axis is given by

(a) f ( x ) = log e ( x + x 2 + 1) (b) f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) for all x, y ∈ R

(c) f(x) = cos x + sin x (d) none of these

1 
25. If f ( x ) = x 2 − x + 1, x ∈  , ∞  then value of ‘x’ satisfying f(x) = f -1(x) is
2 

1
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) (d) none of these
2

 x −1 
26. If f ( x ) = log0.4   and g(x) = x2 - 36, then Df/g is
 x −5

(a) (−∞, 0) ~ {−6} (b) (0, ∞) ~ {1, 6}

(c) (1, ∞ ) ~ {6} (d) [1, ∞ ) ~ {6}

27. The domain of the real-valued function f(x) = loge |loge x| is
(a) (0,1) ∪ (1, ∞ ) (b) (0, ∞ ) (c) (e, ∞ ) (d) (1, ∞ )
28. If f(x) and g(x) are two functions of ‘x’ such that f(x) + g(x) = ex and f(x) - g(x) = e-x, then
(a) f(x) is odd, g(x) is odd (b) f(x) is even, g(x) is even
(c) f(x) is even, g(x) is odd (d) f(x) is odd, g(x) is even

29. The inverse of the function y = log a ( x + x 2 + 1) (a > 0, a ≠ 1) is

1 x
(a) (a − a − x ) (b) not defined for all x
2
(c) defined for only positive x (d) none of these

30. Let f(x) = cos p x, where p = [a] = the greatest integer less than or equal to ‘a’. If the period of f(x) is π , then

(a) a ∈ [ 4,5] (b) a = [ 4,5] (c) a ∈ [ 4,5) (d) none of these

x −[ x ]+ |cos πx |+|cos 2 πx |+........+|cos nπx |
31. If f(x) = e , then period of f(x) is

1 n2 −1 1
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
n n2 +1 1.2.3......n

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 2− | x |  −1  2 − | x |  −1  2 − | x | 
32. Let f ( x ) = sin −1   + cos   + tan   , then Df is
 4   4   4 

(a) [-6, 6] (b) [6, ∞) (c) [-6, 3] (d) [-3, 6]

33. Identify the statement(s) which is/are incorrect ?
(a) The function f(x) = cos(cos-1 x) is neither odd nor even
(b) The fundamental period of f(x) = cos(sin x) + cos(cos x) is π
(c) The range of the function f(x) = cos (3 sin x) is [- 1, 1]
(d) None of these

π2
34. Let f ( x ) = 4 cos x −
2
. Then
9

π  π 
(a) D f =  , ∞, , R f = [ −1, 1] (b) D f =  , ∞, , R f = [ −2, 2]
 3   3 

π π   π
(c) D f =  − ∞, −  ∪  , ∞  and R f = [ −4, 4] (d) D f =  − ∞, − , R f = (0, 4]
 3 3   3

35. The range of the function f ( x ) = sin( xe[ x ] + x 2 − x ), x ∈ (−1, ∞) where [x] denotes the greatest integer function is:
(a) φ (b) [0, 1] (c) [-1, 1] (d) R

36. The domain of f(x) = log2 log3 log 4 / π (tan-1 x)-1 =

(a) R (b) ( 4 / π, ∞ ) (c) (0, 1) (d) None of these

37. If f(x) is a periodic function of the period ‘ λ ’ then f( λ x + a), where a is a constant, is a periodic function of the
period

λ
(a) 1 (b) λ (c) (d) none of these
a

 1  1
38. If f ( x ) = cos −1 ( x − x 2 ) + 1 − + then domain of f(x) is (where [.] is the greatest integer)
 | x |  [ x 2 − 1]

 1+ 5   1+ 5   1− 2 
(a)  2 ,  (b)  2 ,  (c)  − 2 ,  (d) none of these
 2   2   2 

39. Let f(x) = sin x, g(x) = ln |x|. If the ranges of the composite functions fog and gof are R1 and R2 respectively, then
(a) R 1 = (−1,1), R 2 = (−∞,0) (b) R 1 = (−∞, 0], R 2 = [−1,1]
(c) R 1 = (−1,1), R 2 = (−∞,0] (d) R 1 = [−1,1], R 2 = (−∞,0]

1+ x
40. If f ( x ) = log , then
1− x

f ( x1 )
(a) f(x) is even (b) f(x1).f(x2) = f(x1 + x2) (c) = f ( x1 − x 2 ) (d) f(x) is odd
f (x 2 )

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L E V E L - 2 (Subjective) w w w. m a t h i i t . i n

(2x − 1)(x − 1) 2 ( x − 2)3

1. Find the value of x for which, f ( x ) = >0
( x − 4) 4

( x − 2) 2 (1 − x ) ( x − 3) 3 ( x − 4) 2
2. Find the values of x for which f ( x ) = ≤0.
( x + 1)

| x + 3 | +x
3. Solve >1.
x+2

 3 
4. Find the domain of the function; f ( x ) = log  log|sin x| ( x 2 − 8x + 23) − 
 log 2 | sin x | 

 x −1 
5. Find domain for f ( x ) = log 0.4  .
 x +5

1− 2 | x | 
6. Find domain for y = cos −1   + log |x −1| x .
 3 

 π 
7. Find domain for f ( x ) = [sin x ] cos   where [ ] denotes greatest integer function.
 [ x − 1] 

x − [x ]
8. Find the range for y = where [ ] denotes greatest integer function.
1 − [x ] + x

9. Find domain and range of the function y = loge(3x2 - 4x + 5).

 x +1 
10. If f is an even function, find the real values of x satisfying the equation f ( x ) = f  .
 x+2

x (sin x + tan x )
11. Find whether the given function is even or odd function, where f ( x ) = .where [ ] denotes
x + π 1
 π  − 2

greatest integer function.

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 1
12. If f : [1, ∞ ) → [ 2, ∞ ) is given by f ( x ) = x + then find f −1 ( x ) . (assume bijective).
x

13. Let f : [1 / 2, ∞ ) → [3 / 4, ∞ ) , where f(x) = x2 - x + 1. Find the inverse of f(x).

1
14. f ( x ) = , where [ ] denotes greatest integral function less than or equals to x. Then find domain of f(x).
[x] − x

1
15. Find the domain of f ( x ) =
log1/ 2 ( x − 7 x + 13)
2

16. Find the domain of single valued function y = f(x) given by the equation 10x + 10y = 10.

 π 1
17. Let x ∈  0,  , then find the solution of the function f ( x ) = .
 2 − log sin x tan x

18. Find the range of log3(log1/2(x2 + 4x + 4)).

π2
19. Find the domain & range of : f ( x ) = 3 sin − x2 .
9

20. Find the inverse of following functions:

(i) f ( x ) = sin −1 ( x / 3), x ∈ [−3, 3] [assuming bijective]

(ii) f ( x ) = ln ( x 2 + 3x + 1), x ∈ [1, 3] . [assuming bijective]

x − 1, −1 ≤ x ≤ 0
21. f ( x ) =  2 and g(x) = sinx. Find h(x) = f(|g(x)|) + |f(g(x))|.
 x , 0 ≤ x ≤1

22. If f ( x ) = cos[π 2 ]x + cos[− π 2 ] x, where [x] stands for the greatest integer function, then evaluate
f ( π / 2), f ( π), f ( − π) and f ( π / 4) .

1 1
23. A cubic expression f(x) satisfies the condition f ( x ) + f   = f ( x )f   , then prove that f(x) = 1 + x3or1 - x3.
x x

If f(3) = 28. Then prove that f(2) = 9.

24. Let f(x) be a polynomial function satisfying, f ( x )f ( y) = f ( x ) + f ( y) + f ( xy ) − 2 ∀ x , y ∈ R . If f(2) = 5 then

prove that f(5) = 26.

1 1
25. If for non-zero x, af ( x ) + bf   = − 5 where a ≠ b then find f(x).
x x

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LEVEL - 3
(Questions asked from previous Engineering Exams) www.mathiit.in

1. The domain of the function f ( x ) = log(1 − x ) + x 2 − 1 is

(a) [-1, 1] (b) (1, ∞) (c) (0, 1) (d) ( −∞, − 1]

1+ x2
2. The range of the function f ( x ) = is equal to
x2

(a) [0, 1] (b) (0, 1) (c) (1, ∞ ) (d) [1, ∞)

3. The curves y = | x |3 + 3 | x |2 + 2 and y = x 3 + 3x 2 + 2 have the same graph for

(a) x > 0 (b) x ≥ 0 (c) all x except 0 (d) all x

1 −1 1
4. Domain of the function f ( x ) = + 2sin x + + 7 is
x −3
2
x

(a) φ (b) R - {0} (c) R (d) None of these

x 2 −1
5. The domain of definition of the function y = 3e log ( x − 1) is

(a) (1, ∞) (b) [1, ∞) (c) R ~ {1} (d) (−∞ , − 1) ∪ (1, ∞ )

π π
6. The range of the function f(x) = cos [x], where − < x < , is
2 2

(a) {-1, 1, 0} (b) {cos 1, 1, cos 2} (c) {cos 1, − cos 1, 1} (d) none of these
7. If b2 - 4ac = 0 and a > 0, then domain of the function y = log (ax3 + (a + b)x2 + (b + c)x + c) is

 b2   b  
(a) R ~ −  (b) R ~  −  ∪ {x | x ≥ −1}
 2a    2a  

 b  
(c) R ~  −  ∪ (−∞, − 1]  (d) none of these
  2a  
8. Which of the following functions is an even function?

(a) f ( x ) =
a x + a −x
a x − a −x
(b) f ( x ) =
a x +1
a x −1
(c) f ( x ) = x
a x −1
a x +1
(
(d) f ( x ) = log 2 x + x 2 + 1 )
9. If (log3 x) (logx 2x) (log2x y) = logx x2, then y is equal to
(a) 9 (b) 18 (c) 27 (d) 81
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 x2 − x +1
10. The range of the function f ( x ) = 2 is
x + x +1

1 
(a) R (b) [3, ∞ ) (c)  , 3 (d) none of these
3 

11. The domain of the function f (x) = 2 − 2x − x2 is

(a) − 3 ≤ x ≤ 3 (b) −1 − 3 ≤ x ≤ −1+ 3 (c) − 2 ≤ x ≤ 2 (d) none of these

12. If the domain of the function f ( x ) = x 2 − 6x + 7 is (−∞, ∞), then range of the function is

(a) ( −∞, ∞ ) (b) [ −2, ∞ ) (c) (-2, 3) (d) ( −∞, − 2)

−  x2 
13. The domain of the function f ( x ) = sin 1  log 2  is
 2 

(a) − 1 ≤ x ≤ 1 (b) 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 (c) 1 ≤ x ≤ 2 (d) none of these

1  x 
14. If f(x) = cos (log x) then f (x)f ( y) −  f   + f (xy)  has the value
 y 
2    

1
(a) 1 (b) (c) -2 (d) 0
2

ex − e− x
15. The inverse of the function f ( x ) = + 2 is given by
e x + e −x

−2
 x −2  x −1   x −1 
1/ 2 1/ 3 1/ 2
 x 
(a) log e   (b) log e   (c) log e   (d) log e  
 x −1   3− x  2−x   x +1

1
16. The range of the function for real x of y = is
2 − sin 3x

1 1 1 1
(a) ≤ y≤1 (b) − ≤ y < 1 (c) − > y > 1 (d) > y>1
3 3 3 3

1
17. The domain of the function + 2 x − x 2 , where [ . ] denotes greatest integer function.
[x ]
(a) [1, 2] (b) [0, 2] (c) [0, 1) (d) [1, 2)
18. Domain of sin-1(log3(x/3)) is
(a) [1, 9] (b) [-1, 9] (c) [-9, 1] (d) [-9, -1]
19. The range of f(x) = 7-xPx - 3 is
(a) {1, 2, 3} (b) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} (c) {1, 2, 3, 4} (d) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

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 sin nx
20. The value of n ∈ Z for which the function f ( x ) = has 4π as its period is
x
sin 
n

(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 4

21. The domain of the function f(x) = log2(log3(log4 x)) is
(a) x < 4 (b) x > 4 (c) 0 < x < 2 (d) 2 < x < 4
22. If f(x) is an odd periodic with period 2, then f(4) is
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) -4
23. If f(x) = 1 + αx , ( α ≠ 0 ) is the inverse of itself then the value of α is
(a) -2 (b) -1 (c) 0 (d) 2
24. If g(x) be a function defined on [-1, 1] and if the area of the equilateral triangle with two of its vertices at (0, 0)

3
and (x, g(x))) is , then the function is
4

(a) g( x ) = ± 1 − x 2 (b) g ( x ) = − 1 − x 2 (c) g ( x ) = 1 − x 2 (d) g(x) = 1+ x 2

25. Which of the following functions is periodic

 1
x sin , x ≠ 0
(a) f(x) = x - [x] (b) f ( x ) =  x (c) f(x) = x cos x (d) none of these
 0, x=0

( x + 1)( x − 3)
26. f ( x ) = is real valued in the domain
x−2

(a) (−∞ , − 1] ∪ [3, ∞ ) (b) ( −∞, − 1] ∪ ( 2, 3] (c) [ −1, 2) ∪ [3, ∞) (d) none of these
27. The domain of definition of the function y(x) given by the equation 2x + 2y = 2 is
(a) 0 < x ≤ 1 (b) 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 (c) − ∞ < x ≤ 0 (d) − ∞ < x < 1
28. If the function f : [1, ∞ ) → [1, ∞ ) is defined by f(x) = 2x(x - 1) then f-1(x) is

x ( x −1)
1
(a)   (b)
1
( )1
(
1 + 1 + 4 log 2 x (c) 1 − 1 + 4 log 2 x (d) not defined)
2 2 2

29. If log0.3(x - 1) < log0.09(x - 1), then x lies in the interval

(a) (2, ∞ ) (b) (1, 2) (c) (-2, -1) (d) none of these

30. If g(f(x)) = |sin x| and f(g(x)) = (sin x ) 2 , then

(a) f ( x ) = sin 2 x , g ( x ) = x (b) f ( x ) = sin x , g ( x ) = | x |

(c) f ( x ) = x 2 , g ( x ) = sin x (d) f and g cannot be determined

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 − 1, x < 0

31. Let g( x ) = 1 + x − [ x ] and f ( x ) =  0, x = 0 . Then for all x, f(g(x)) is equal to
 1, x > 0


(a) x (b) 1 (c) f(x) (d) g(x).

log 2 ( x + 3)
32. The domain of definition of f ( x ) = is
x 2 + 3x + 2

(a) R ~ {-1, -2} (b) ( −2, ∞ ) (c) R ~ {-1, -2, -3} (d) (−3, ∞ ) ~ {−1, − 2}

αx
33. If f ( x ) = , x ≠ − 1 , then for what value of α is f(f(x)) = x ?
x +1

(a) 2 (b) − 2 (c) 1 (d) -1

34. The set of all real numbers x for which x2 - |x + 2| + x > 0, is

(a) (−∞, − 2) ∪ (2, ∞ ) (b) ( −∞, − 2 ) ∪ ( 2 , ∞)

(c) (−∞ , − 1) ∪ (1, ∞ ) (d) ( 2, ∞ )

x2 + x + 2
35. Range of the function f ( x ) = , x ∈ R is
x2 + x +1

 11   7  7
(a) (1, ∞ ) (b) 1,  (c) 1,  (d) 1, 
 7  3  5

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 ANSWER KEY

LEVEL - 1 (Objective)

1. b 21. b

2. b 22. b

3. b 23. b

4. a 24. d

5. a 25. a

6. a 26. c

7. c 27. a

8. c 28. c

9. b 29. a

10. a 30. c

11. b 31. a

12. c 32. a

13. c 33. a

14. b 34. c

15. d 35. c

16. b 36. c

17. b 37. a

18. b 38. a

19. d 39. d

20. b 40. d

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 ANSWER KEY

LEVEL -2 (Subjective)

1. x ∈ ( −∞, 1 / 2) ∪ (2, ∞) ~ {4} 14. φ

2. x ∈ ( −1, 1] ∪ [3, ∞ ) 15. (3, 4)

3. x ∈ ( −5, − 2) ∪ ( −1, ∞ ) 16. x ∈ ( −∞ , 1)

 3π   3π  π π
f ( x ) ∈ (3, π) ∪  π,  ∪  , 5 17.  , 
4.
 2   2  4 2

5. f ( x ) ∈ (1, ∞ ) 18. Range∈ R

6. x ∈ (0, 1) ∪ (1, 2]  π π  3 3
19. Domain ∈  − ,  , Range ∈ 0, 
7. R ~ [1, 2)  3 3  2 

 1 − 3 ± 5 + ex
8. Range = 0,  20. (i) 3 sin x (ii)
 2 2

  11   sin 2 x − sin x + 1, − 1 < x < 0

9. Range is log , ∞  
 3  21.
2 sin 2 x, 0 ≤ x ≤1


 −1 + 5 −1 − 5 − 3 + 5 − 3 − 5 
π π 1
10. x =  2 , , ,
2 
 22. f   = − 1, f (π) = 0, f (− π) = 0, f   =
 2 2 2 4 2

11. f(x) is an odd function (if x ≠ nπ ) and f(x) is 23.

an even function if ( x = nπ ).
24.

x + x2 − 4 1 a  5
12. f (x ) = − bx  −
2 25. 2 
a − b x
2
 (a + b )

1 3
13. + x−
2 4

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 ANSWER KEY

LEVEL - 3 (Questions asked from previous Engineering Exams)

1. d 19. a

2. c 20. a

3. b 21. b

4. a 22. a

5. a 23. b

6. b 24. b

7. c 25. a

8. c 26. c

9. a 27. d

10. c 28. b

11. b 29. a

12. b 30. a

13. d 31. b

14. d 32. d

15. b 33. d

16. a 34. b

17. a 35. c

18. a

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