Definite Solut

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* Level - 1
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UNIT - 5
Definite - Integration
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SOLUTIONS
L E V E L - 1 ( Fundamentals of Definite Integration) w w w. m a t h i i t . i n
1
 x3  1
(c ) ∫0 e dx = ∫ e dx = ∫ x dx =   = .
1 1 1
2log x log x 2 2
1. 0 0
 3 0 3
(sec x − 1) dx
π /4 π /4
2. ( a ) ∫0 tan 2 xdx = ∫
0
2
π /4 π /4 π
1dx = [tan x ]0 − [ x ]0 = 1 − .
π /4 π /4
=∫ sec2 xdx − ∫
0 0 4
π /2 x + sin x π / 2 x + sin x 1 π /2 π /2
(c ) ∫
x x
3. dx = ∫ dx = ∫ x sec 2 dx + ∫ tan dx.
0 1 + cos x 0
2 cos 2 x 2 0 2 0 2
2
π /2
x π π π
= x tan = tan = .
20 2 4 2
π /2
(b ) Let I = ∫0
π /2 π /2
4. e x sin x dx = − e x cos x  0 + ∫ e x cos x dx
0
π /2 π /2 π /2
= − e x cos x  + e x sin x  −∫ e x sin x dx
0 0 0
∴ 2 I =  e x (sin x − cos x ) = ( eπ / 2 + 1)

π /2
(e + 1).
π /2 1 π /2
Hence ∫0
e x sin x dx =
2
2
(c ) ∫1 e x 
2 1 1  1  e2
5. − 2  dx =  e x  = − e.
x x   x 1 2
6. ( a ) Put sin x = t ⇒ cos x dx = dt , so that reduced integral is
 1 1 
∫  1 + t − 2 + t  dt = log (1 + t ) − log ( 2 + t )
1 1 2 1 4
0 0
= log − log = log .
3 2 3
π /2 1 + cos x 1 − cos x π /2 sin x

7. (b ) I = ∫π / 3 × dx =∫ dx
(1 − cos x ) 1 − cos x (1 − cos x )
5/2 π /3 3
π 1 1
Now put 1 − cos x = t Also, when x = , t = and x = , t = 1
3 2 2
1
dt t −2 3 1
Therefore, I = ∫ 3 = = .
1/ 2 t −2 1/ 2 2
Trivandrum: 0471-2438271 Kochi: 0484-2370094

8. ( d ) Put t=−
1 1
⇒ dt = 2 dx, then it reduces to
x x
−1/ 2 −1/ 2 e −1
∫−1
et dt =  et 
−1
= e −1/ 2 − e −1 =
e
.
9. (a) Put x = tan θ ∴ dx = sec 2 θ dθ

π
As x = 1 ⇒ θ = and x = 0 ⇒ θ = 0 , then
4
π /4 π /4
I = 2 ∫ θ sec2 θ dθ = 2 (θ tan θ )0 − 2 ∫ tan θ dθ
π /4
0 0
2
 ax 4 bx 2 
10. (c ) ∫−2 ( ax + bx + c )dx = 
2
3
+ + cx  = 4c. Hence depends on c.
 4 2  −2
π /4 1
( d ) ∫π / 6 cos ec 2 x dx = [log tan x ]π / 6
π /4
11.
2
1 π π 1
=  log tan − log tan  = log 3.
2 4 6 2
1 b1
12. (c ) Let I = ∫a log xdx = ( log x log x )a − ∫ log xdx
b b
x a x
2 b 1
⇒ 2 I = (log x )  ⇒ I = ( log b ) − (log a ) 
2 2
 a 2  
1 1 b
= (log b + log a )( log b − log a ) = log ( ab ) log   .
2 2 a
π
13. ( a ) Put x = tan θ ⇒ dx = sec 2 θ dθ Also as x = 0, θ = 0 and x = 1, θ =
4
1 π /4 π π 1
∫ tan xdx = ∫
−1
Therefore θ sec2 θ dθ = − log 2 = − log 2.
0 0 4 4 2
dx
14. ( d ) Let I = ∫0 Put t = ( a − b ) x + b ⇒ dt = ( a − b ) dx
1
( a − b ) x + b 
2
As x = 1 ⇒ t = a and x = 0 ⇒ t = b, then
1  a −b  1
a
1 a1 1  1
I= ∫
a−b b t 2
dt =  −  =  =
a − b  t  b ( a − b )  ab  ab
π /2 1
15. ( a ) Let ∫π / 4 cos θ dθ . Put t = sin θ ⇒ dt = cos θ dθ , then we have
sin 2 θ
 −1
1
1
∫
1
dt =   = 2 − 1.
1/ 2 t2
 t 1/ 2

sin −1 x 1
16. (b ) I = ∫
1 2
dx Put sin −1 x = t ⇒ dx = dt and x = sin t
0
(1 − x )
2 3/ 2
1 − x2
π 1 ⇒ I = π / 4 t.sec 2 t dt = π − 1 log 2.
Also t = 0 to
4
as x = 0 to
2
∫0 4 2
π /2 dx
17. (c ) I = ∫0
2 + cos x
π /2 dx
=∫
0 x x x x
2sin 2 + 2 cos 2 + cos 2 − sin 2
2 2 2 2
x
π /2 dx π /2
sec2
=∫
x ∫0
= 2 dx x 1 x
0 x x Put t = tan ⇒ dt = sec 2 dx, then
sin 2 + 3cos 2 3 + tan 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
1 dt 2  1 
I = 2∫ = tan −1  .
0 3 + t2
3  3
18. ( d ) Put t = tan −1 x ⇒ dt =

1
dx, then
1 + x2
π /4
1 tan −1 x π /4 t2  π2
∫0 1+ x2
dx = ∫0 tdt =  
2
=
32
.
π
19. ( d ) Put t =
1 1
⇒ dt = − 2 dx as t = and π
x x 2
1
sin  
2/ π
 x  dx = − π sin t dt = − cos t π = −  cos π − cos  π   = 1.
∴∫ ∫π /2 [ ]π /2   2 
1/ π x2   
2π x π 
20. ( c ) Let I = ∫0 e sin  + dx
x/2
2 4
π
π  π  et  π 1 
⇒ I = 2∫ e sin  t + dt = 2 
t
sin  t + − tan −1 
0
 4  1+1  4 1  0
2 t π 2
=  e sin t  =
0
[0] = 0.
2 2
21. (b ) Put 1 + e− x = t ⇒ −e− x dx = dt , then we have
1= ∫
1+
1
(t − 1)( −dt ) = 1+
1
1 
2
e
t ∫
2
e
 − 1 dt
t 

1
 1  1
= [log e t − t ]2 e = log e 1 +  − 1 +  − log e 2 + 2
1+
 e  e
 e +1  1
= log e   − + 1.
 2e  e
π /4 sin x + cos x
22. ( a ) Let I = ∫0 dx Put sin x − cos x = t , then (sin x + cos x ) dx = dt
9 + 16sin 2 x
dt dt 1 0 1 1 
I =∫ =∫
0 0
−1
9 + 16 1 − t 2
( )
−1 25 − 16t 2 = ∫  + dt
10 −1  5 − 4t 5 + 4t 
1 1 0  1 1
 log (5 + 4t ) − log (5 − 4t ) −1  = 40 ( log 9 − log1) = 20 log 3.
10  4 
π /2
23. ( c ) Let I = ∫ e x ( log sin x + cot x ) dx or
π /4
π /2 π /2
I =∫ e x log sin x dx + ∫ e x cot xdx
π /4 π /4
π /2 π /2 π /2
=∫ e x log sin xdx + e x log sin x  −∫ e x log sin xdx
π /4 π /4 π /4
π π 1
= eπ / 2 log sin − eπ / 4 log sin = eπ / 4 log 2.
2 4 2
1
24. (b ) Put t = sin x ⇒ dt =
−1
dx, then
1 − x2
x sin −1 x π /6
t sin tdt = [−t cos t + sin t ]0
1/ 2 π /6
I =∫ dx = ∫
0
1 − x2 0
 π 3 1 1 3π 
= − . + = − .
 6 2 2   2 12 
2+ x 1 + cos θ
25. ( a ) Put x = 2 cos θ ⇒ dx = −2 sin θ dθ , then
2 0
∫
0 2− x
dx = −2 ∫
π /2 1 − cos θ
sin θ dθ
π /2 cos (θ / 2 ) θ θ π /2
= 4∫ sin cos dθ = 2∫ (1 + cos θ )dθ
0 sin (θ / 2 ) 2 2 0
π 
= 2 [θ + sin θ ]0
π /2
= 2  + 1 = π + 2
2 
π 1 − sin x
( )
π dx π
26. ( c ) ∫ =∫ dx = ∫ sec 2 x − sec x tan x dx
0 1 + sin x 0 2
cos x 0
= [ tan x − sec x ]0 = [tan π − sec π + 1] = [0 + 1 + 1] = 2.

π
2π 2π 2π
x x x  x x
27. (c) ∫
0
1 + sin dx =
2 ∫
0
sin + cos dx = 4 sin − cos 
4 4  4 4 0
= 4(1-0-0+1) = 8
(b ) ∫ cos
1
xdx =  x cos −1 x − 1 − x 2  = 1.
1
−1
28. 0  0
π /2 cos x
29. ( c ) ∫ dx
0 1 + cos x + sin x
π /2 cos 2 ( x / 2 ) − sin 2 ( x / 2 )
=∫ dx
0 2 cos 2 ( x / 2 ) + 2sin ( x / 2 ) cos ( x / 2 )
1 π /2 1 − tan 2 ( x / 2 ) 1 π /2   x 
=
2 ∫ 0 1 + tan ( x / 2 )
dx =
2 ∫ 0 1 − tan  2  dx
  
π 1 π 1
= 4 + log = − log 2.
2 4 2
(2 + 3x ) cos 3x dx
π /6
30. ( d ) . Let I = ∫ 2
0
π /6
 sin 3x 
( 2 + 3x 2 ) − ∫ 6 x.dx = (π 2 + 16 ) .
π / 6 sin 3 x 1
=
 3 0 0 3 36
31. ( d ) Put sin 2 x = t ⇒ dt = 2sin x cos xdx .

π /2 sin x cos x 1 1 1 1 π
∫ dx = ∫
1
Now dt =  tan −1 t  = .
0 1 + sin x
4
2 0 1+ t 2
2 0
8
32. ( a ) Put t = tan x ⇒ dt = sec 2 xdx .
π /4 1 1 7 1 1
Now ∫ 0
tan 6 x sec 2 xdx = ∫ t 6 dt =
0
t  = .
7  0 7
π /6 sin x π /6
33. (b ) Let I = ∫ 3
dx = ∫ tan x sec 2 xdx .
0 cos x 0
Put t = tan x ⇒ dt = sec 2 xdx, then we have

1
1
t2  3 1
I =∫ 3 t dt =   = .
0
 2 0 6
π /2 sin x cos xdx

34. (b ) Let I = ∫ . We put cos x = t ⇒ − sin xdx = dt , then
0 cos 2 x + 3cos x + 2
t.dt 1 2 1 
I =∫ =∫ 
1
− dt = [2 log(t + 2) − log(t + 1) ]1 = [2 log 3 − log 2 − 2 log 2]
0 t + 3t + 2 0 t+2 t + 1

2
0
9
= [2 log 3 − 3log 2] = [log 9 − log8] = log   .
8
dx dx
35. ( d ) ∫0 =∫
1 1
x + 2 x cos α + 1 0 ( x + cos α )2 + 1 − cos 2 α

2
x + cos α 
1
 1 dx 1  −1 α  α 1
=∫
1
= tan −1  =  tan cot − tan −1 cot α  = . .
( x + cos α ) + sin α  sin α sin α  0 sin α   2 sin α
0 2 2
2

3  
−1  x  −1  x + 1 
2
36. (b ) I = ∫−1  tan  2  + tan    dx

  x +1   x 
3   x   x  3 π
= ∫  tan −1  2  + cot −1  2   dx = ∫ dx = 2π .
−1
  x +1   x +1   −1 2
37. ( a ) Put log x = u in I1 , so that dx = x du = eu du Also as x = e to e 2 , u = 1 to 2
eu 2e
x
Thus, I1 = ∫1 du = ∫ dx. Hence I1 = I 2 .

2
u 1 x
π /2
π /4  e− x 
38 ( ) ∫−π / 4
a e sin xdx = 
−x
( − sin x − cos x )
 2  −π / 4
1 −x π /2
=  e ( − sin x − cos x )
−π / 4
2
1  −π / 2   1 1   e −π / 2
= e ( −1 − 0 ) − eπ / 4  −   = − .
2   2 2   2
π /2 (1 + 2 cos x ) π /2 2 ( cos x + 2 ) − 3
39. ( c ) ∫ ( 2 + cos x ) dx = ∫ dx
( 2 + cos x )
0 2 0 2
1 1+ t
2
π /2 π /2 1 dt
dx dx  x 
= 2∫ − 3∫ = 4 ∫0 3 + t 2 ∫0 3 + t 2 2 dt
− 6
 put tan 2 = t 
0 2 + cos x 0
( 2 + cos x )
2
( )
1 1
= −2 ∫
1 dt 1 dt  1 t  1 1 dt  t  1
∫0 3 + t 2 2
1 dt
+ 2∫
0 3 + t2
12
( )
dt = −
0 3 + t2
+ 12  2 + ∫ 2 2  t 2 + 3 0 = 2 .
 6 t + 3  0 6 0 3 + t
=
π dx
40. ( c ) ∫
(1 + a 2 )  cos2 2x + sin 2 2x  − 2a  cos2 2x − sin 2 2x 
0
π dx
=∫
x x
(1 − a ) + (1 + a ) sin 2
0 2 2
cos 2
2 2
2 ∞ dt x
(1 + a ) ∫ ((1 − a ) / (1 + a ))
= 2 2
; { where t = tan }
0
+t 2
2
(1 + a )  tan −1  1 + a t  = 2  tan −1 ∞ − tan −1 0 = π

∞
2
=
(1 + a ) (1 − a ) 
  
(1 − a )   1 − a2 .
2
 1 − a  0
2
41. (b ) Required value =  (

 − 1 − x )10  1
 = .
 10  0 10
π /3
 sin 3x 
42. (b ) Required value is  = 0.
 3  0
π /4 1 + tan x π /4 π 
43. ( a ) ∫ dx = ∫ tan  + x  dx
0 1 − tan x 0
4 
−π / 4
  π   1
= log  sec  + x    = − log 2.
  4  0 2
dx ex
44. (b )
1 1
∫0 e x + e− x ∫0 1 + e2 x dx Now put e x = t ⇒ e x dx = dt
=
Also as x = 0 to 1, t = 1 to e , then reduced form is
dt
e  e −1   −1  x − y  
∫
e
=  tan −1 t  = tan −1  ,
−1 −1
Q tan x − tan y = tan  
1 1+ t
 e +1   1 + xy  
2

1
e 1 + log x
45. ( a ) I = ∫
e1 e log x
dx = ∫ dx + ∫ dx
1 x 1 x 1 x
e
 ( log x )2  3
⇒ [log e x ]1 +   = .
e
 2 1 2
 x
46. ( c ) Integrate it by parts taking log 1 +  as first function
 2
2
  x  x2  1 1 1 x2
= log 1 +   − ∫ dx
  2  2 0 0 1 + x 2 2
2
3 1 1 x2
dx = log −  − 2 + 4 log 3 − 4 log 2  = + log
1 1 3 1 1 3 3 2
= log − ∫
2 2 2 x+2
0
2 
2 2 2 
 4 2 3
3 3
On comparing with the given value a = , b = .
4 2
47. (b ) I = ∫
1 dx
=∫
1 ( 1 + x + x dx )
0
1+ x − x 0
( 1+ x − x )( 1+ x + x )
=∫
( 1+ x + x )dx = 4 2
∫ 1 + x dx + ∫
1 1 1
xdx = .
0 1+ x − x 0 0 3
π /4
48. ( c ) 4∫
π /4 sin2θ dθ 2sinθ cosθ π / 4 2 tan θ sec θ dθ
2
0 sin4 θ + cos4 θ
= 4 ∫0 sin4 θ + cos4 θ dθ = 4 ∫0 tan 4 θ + 1
(Dividing numerator and denominator by cos 4 θ }.

Now put tan 2 θ = t ⇒ 2 tan θ sec 2 θ dθ = dt , then the
dt 1 
reduced form is 4 ∫
1 1
= 4  tan −1 t  = 4  π − 0  = π .
0 t +1
4 
2 0

e x ( x − 1) ex ( x +1 − 2)
∫ ( x + 1) dx = ∫
1 1
49. (b ) dx
( x + 1)
0 3 0 3
1
1 ex  ex 1 ex
e
or ∫0 dx − 2 ∫ dx =  2
= − 1.
( x + 1) ( x + 1)  ( x + 1)  0 4
2 0 3
1 1 x3
50. ( a ) Here φ ( x ) = = −
x ( x 4 + 1) x x + 1
4
2 1 x3 
⇒ ∫ φ ( x ) dx = ∫  − 4 dx
2
1 1
 x x +1 
2
1  1
= [log x ]1 −  log ( x 4 + 1) = log .
2 32
4 1 4 17
1/ 2
  2 x − 1 
dx dx  −1  2  
51. ( d )   = sin ( 2 x − 1)1/ 6 = π / 6.
1/ 2 1/ 2
∫ =∫ −1 1/ 2
= sin 
1/ 4
x−x 2 1/ 4 2
1  1
2
  1/ 2  
  −x−  
   1/ 4
2  2
1
52. ( a ) Put x = t or dx = 2 dt Also as x = 0 to 2 so, t = 0 to 2 . Therefore
x
2
 3t 
( )
x
3 2
∫ dx = 2 ∫
2 2
3 dt = 2 
t
 = 3 2 −1
0
x 0
 log 3  0 log 3
2π
( a ) ∫0 (sin x + cos x ) dx = [− cos x + sin x ]0
2π
53. = 0.
π /4
( a ) Let cos x
π /4 cos x
54 I =∫
0
cos x (1 + 2sin x )
2 2
dx = ∫0
(1 − sin x )(1 + 2sin 2 x )
2
dx
1/ 2
1 1/ 2  1 2  1 1 1+ t 2 
= ∫  + 2 
dt . By partial fractions, where t = sin x =  log + tan −1 t 2 
3 0
 1 − t 1 + 2t 
2
3  2.1 1− t 2 0

1 1
=  log
( 2 +1 )+ 
2 tan −1 1 = 1  1 log ( 2 + 1)2 + 2 π  = 1 log ( 2 + 1) + π 
3 2
 ( 2 − 1)  3  2

4  3  
2 2
55. (b ) I = ∫
π /2 sin x
dx Put cos x = t ⇒ − sin xdx = dt Then
0 1 + cos 2 x
− dt 1 dt π
I =∫ =∫
0 1
=  tan −1 t  = .
1 1+ t 2 0 1+ t 2 0 4
56. ( c ) ∫ log xdx = [ x log x − x ]1 = 2 log 2 − 2 + 1

2 2
1
4
= log 4 − 1 = log 4 − log e = log .
e

 4 
57. (b ) I = ∫3  1 +
5
dx. Solve further
 x −4
2
58. ( c ) We have I = ∫
sin 2 x cos 2 x
sin −1 tdt + ∫ cos −1 tdt
0 0
Putting t = sin 2 u in the first integral and t = cos 2 v in the second integral, we have
x x
I = ∫ u sin 2udu − ∫ v sin 2vdv
0 π /2
π /2 x x
=∫ u sin 2udu + ∫ u sin2udu − ∫ v sin 2vdv
0 π /2 π /2
π /2
π /2  −u cos 2u  1 π /2
I = ∫0 u sin 2udu =   + ∫ cos 2udu
 2 0 2 0
π /2
 −u cos 2u  1 π
 + (sin 2u )0 = .
π /2
=
 2 0 4 4
1 1 1
59. (b ) af ( x ) + bf   = − 5 ( for each x ≠ 0 )..... (i ) . Replacing x by in (i ) , we get
x x x
1
af   + bf ( x ) = x − 5 ..........(ii)
x
Eliminating f   from (i ) and (ii ) , we get

1
x  
2
 
(a 2 − b2 ) f ( x ) = a
− bx − 5a + 5b ⇒ ( a − b ) ∫1 f ( x ) dx =  a log x − x − 5 ( a − b ) x  
2 2
2 b 2
x  2  1
b
= a log 2 − 2b − 10 ( a − b ) − a log1 + + 5 (a − b )
2
7 1  7 
⇒ ∫ f ( x ) dx =
2
= a log 2 − 5a + b  a log 2 − 5a + 2 b  .
2 1 a − b2
2
(sec θ − 1) tan
π /4 π /4 π /2
60. ( d ) I n = ∫0 2 n−2
θ dθ In = ∫
0
sec2 θ tan n− 2 θ dθ − ∫
0
tan n−2θ dθ
π /4
 tan n−1 θ  1 1 1
In =   − 1n − 2 ⇒ I n + I n − 2 = . Hence I 8 + I 6 = = .
 n − 1 0 n −1 8 −1 7
61. (b )
dx 1 2/3 dx
∫ = ∫
2/3
0 4 + 9x 2
9 0 ( 2 / 3)2 + x 2
π 1 π
2/3
1 1  −1 x 
= ×  tan  = × = .
9 2/3 2 / 3 0 4 6 24
x4 + 1 1 x −1
62. ( a )
4
1 dx
I =∫ ∫ dx + 2 ∫
1
dx =
0 x +1
2 0 x +1
2 0 1 + x2
⇒ I = ∫ ( x 2 − 1) dx + 2∫
1 1 dx
0 0 1 + x2
2 π (3π − 4 )
1
 x3  1
⇒ I =  − x  + 2  tan −1 x  = − + =
3 0 3 2 6
0

63. ( d ) I = ∫ x 2 sin x3dx . Put x 3 = t ⇒ x 2 dx =
a dt
0 3
1 a3 1 1 1
∫ sin t dt = − [cos t ]0 = −  cos a 3 − 1 = 1 − cos a 3  .
a3
∴I =
3 0 3 3 3
π /4 π /4 sin x + cos x = 2 π / 4 sin x + cos x
64. ( c ) ∫  tan x + cot x  dx =
  ∫0 dx ∫ dx
1 − (sin x − cos x )
0 0 2
sin x cos x
Put sin x − cos x = t , (cos x + sin x ) dx = dt ∴ I = 2 ∫

0 dt
−1
1− t2
π
I = 2 sin −1 t  = 2 0 − ( −π / 2 ) =
0
−1
.
2
65. ( a ) I = ∫ 1 − x dx = ∫ 1 − x . 1 − x dx
1 1
0 0 1+ x 1+ x 1− x
1− x π 1
dx = I = sin −1 x  +  1 − x 2  = − 1.
dx x 1
=∫ dx = ∫ −∫
1 1 1
0
1 − x2 0
1 − x2 0
1− x 2 0  0 2
66. (c ) I =∫
e 1
dx = [log x ]1 = log e e − log1 = 1.
e
1 x
67. ( a ) I = ∫ 2 log x dx .
x dx
Let log x = t ⇒ = dt
1 x x
log x
t2 
= ( log x ) .
log x
∴ I = 2∫ t dt = 2  
2
0
 2 0
π /2
dx
68. (d ) I = ∫
0
a cos x + b 2 sin 2 x
2 2
Dividing the numerator and denominator by cos2x, we get

π /2 π /2
(1/ cos 2 x)dx sec 2 x dx
I= ∫
0
a 2 + b 2 (sin 2 x / cos 2 x )
= ∫
0
a 2 + b 2 tan 2 x
Substituting btanx = t and b sec2x dx = dt and limit when x = 0, then t = 0 and when x = π / 2 then t = ∞
∞ ∞
dt / b 1  1  t 
∴ I = ∫ 2 2 =  tan −1   
0
a +t b a  a 0
1 1 π  π
=  tan −1 ∞ − tan −1 0  =  − 0 = 2
ab ab  2  ab
π /4 5π / 4 π /4
69. ( d ) I = ∫ (cos x − sin x ) dx + ∫π / 4 (sin x − cos x )dx + ∫2π (cos x − sin x ) dx
0
π 5π π
= [sin x + cos x ]04 − [sin x + cos x ]π4 + [sin x + cos x ]24π
4
 1 1   1 1  1 1   1 1 
I = + − 1 −  − − − +  +  + − 1
 2 2   2 2  2 2   2 2 
I =  2 − 1 −  − 2 − 2  +  2 − 1 or I =  2 − 1 + 2 2 + 2 − 1 = 4 2 − 2

a2
70. (b ) ∫
a
xdx ≤ a + 4 ⇒ ≤ a + 4 ⇒ a 2 ≤ 2a + 8 ⇒ a 2 − 2a − 8 ≤ 0
0 2
⇒ ( a − 4 )( a + 2 ) ≤ 0 ⇒ −2 ≤ a ≤ 4.
π
71. (b ) I = ∫
dx dx
=∫ =  tan −1 ( x + 1) =  tan −1 1 − tan −1 0  = .
0 0 0
−1 x + 2 x + 2
( x + 1) + 1 −
2 −1 2 1 4
1 π π π
72. ( a ) ∫
3 3
dx =  tan −1 x  = − = .
1 1+ x 2 1 3 4 12
73. ( d ) I = ∫ ( x − 1)( x − 2 )( x − 3)dx. or

3
3
 x 4 6 x 3 11x 2 
I = ∫ ( x − 6 x + 11x − 6 ) dx =  −
3
3 2
+ − 6 x  = 0.
1
4 3 2 1
74. ( c ) I = ∫ 2dx = ∫ dx 3 1 1
=∫ 
3 3
−  dx
2 2 x −x x ( x − 1) 2
 x −1 x 
1 31
dx − ∫ dx = log ( x − 1) 2 − [log x ]2
3
=∫
3 3
( )
2 x −1 2 x
4
= [log 2 − log1] − [log 3 − log 2 ] = 2 log 2 − log 3 = log .
3
75. ( a ) I = ∫
15 dx
Put x = tan 2 θ ⇒ θ = tan −1 x , dx = 2 tan θ sec 2 θ dθ
8
( x − 3) x +1
2 tan θ sec 2 θ tan −1 15 2 tan θ sec 2 θ 2 tan θ sec θ

∴ I =∫
tan −1 15
dθ =∫ dθ =∫
tan −1 15
dθ
tan −1 8
( tan 2
θ − 3) tan θ + 1
2 tan −1
8
(sec2 θ − 4 )secθ tan −1 8
(sec2 θ − 4 )
tan −1 15
tan −1 15 2 tan θ sec θ 1 (sec θ − 2 )  1 2 1 1 5
=∫ dθ =  log  = log − log  = log .
tan −1 8
(secθ − 2 )(secθ + 2 ) 2 (sec θ + 2 )  tan −1 8

2 6 5 2 3
π
76. ( c ) I = ∫ sin 3 θ dθ . Since sin θ is positive in integral ( 0, π )
0
∴ I = ∫ sin 3 θ dθ = ∫ sin θ (1 − cos 2 θ )dθ

π π
0 0
π
π π  cos3 θ 
= ∫ sin θ dθ + ∫ ( − sin θ ) cos θ dθ = [− cos θ ]0
π 4
2
+  = .
0 0
 3 0 3
 1+ x   1+ cosθ   −1  θ 
77. (b )
1
∫ sin  2 tan
−1
dx . Put x = cos θ , then sin 2tan−1  = sin  2tan  cot  
0
 1 − x   1− cosθ    2 
   π θ     π θ 
= sin  2 tan −1  tan  −    = sin  2  −   = sin (π − θ ) = sin θ = 1 − cos 2 θ = 1 − x 2
   2 2     2 2 
π
1
 1+ x  1 2 1 1
dx = ∫0 1 − x dx =  x 1 − x  + sin x  0 = .
1 1 −1
Now, ∫0 sin  2 tan −1 2
 1− x  2 0 2 4

3
3x + 1 3  x 
=  log ( x 2 + 9 ) + tan −1   
3 3 2x dx 1
78. ( a )
3 3
∫ 0 x +9
2
dx = ∫ 2
2 0 x +9
dx + ∫ 2
0 x +9 2 3  3 0
1 π
(log18 − log 9 ) +  
3
=
2 3 4 
π π
=
3
2
log 2 + = log 2 2 + .
12 12
( )
dx dx  1  −4
79. ( d ) ∫ x (1 + x ) = ∫
2 2
. Put  1 + 4  = z ⇒ 5 dx = dz
1 4 1  1   x  x
x5  1 + 4 
 x 
−1 17/16 dz  −1
17/16
 1 1 17 1  32 
⇒ ∫ =  log z  = log 2 − log ⇒I = log  
4 2 z 4 2 4 4 16 4  17 
x +1 3 A C 
80. (b ) I = ∫
B
dx or A ( x − 1) + B ( x )( x − 1) + C x = x + 1 ( )
3
dx = ∫  2 + + 2
2 x ( x − 1)
2

2 x x x − 1 
Put x = 0,1, −1, we get A = −1, B = −2, C = 2
3
dx 3 dx 3 dx 1
⇒ I = −∫ ∫ ∫  x  − 2 [log x ]2 + 2 log ( x − 1) 2
3
− +
3
⇒ =
3
2 2 1
2 x 2 2 x 2 x −1 2
1 1 3 16 1
⇒ I = − − 2 log + 2 log 2 ⇒ I = log − .
3 2 2 9 6
81. (b ) I = ∫1 log x dx ⇒ I = ∫e 1.log x dx

e 1
⇒ I = [ x log x − x ]1 = (e log e − e ) − (0 − 1) ⇒ 1 = 1.
e
π /2 (sin x + cos x ) π / 2 ( sin x + cos x )

2 2
82. ( c ) I = ∫0 dx = ∫ dx
1 + sin 2 x
0 2
(sin x + cos x )
π /2
(sin x + cos x ) dx = ( − cos x + sin x )0
π /2
I =∫
0
or I = 1 − ( −1) = 2
π /8 π /8
83. ( d ) Let I = ∫ cos3 4θ dθ = ∫ cos2 4θ .cos 4θ dθ
0 0
(1 − sin 4θ ) cos 4θ dθ
π /8
I =∫ 2
0
dt π
Put sin 4θ = t ⇒ cos 4θ dθ = when θ = 0 to , then t = 0 to 1
4 8
1
1  t3  1
∴ I = ∫ (1 − t 2 ) dt = t −  = .
1 1
4 0 4  3 0 6
2 − 3x
84. ( a ) We have
8
∫
3
x 1+ x
dx = 1 Put 1 + x = t 2 ⇒ dx = 2t dt
5 − 3t 2 3 2 
when x = 3 to 8, then t = 2 to 3 ∴ I = 2∫2 dt or I = 2 ∫  2
3
− 3  dt
t −1
2 2
 t −1 
t −1
3
 2   3 
I = 2  log − 3t  or I = 2 log  3  .
 2.1 t +1 2  2e 

85. ( a ) We have, ∫ x 2e x dx ⇒ I =  x 2 e x  0 − ∫ 2 x e x dx
1 1 1
I=
0 0
⇒ I = e − 2  xe x − e x  ⇒ I = e − 2  e − e − (0 − 1) ⇒ I = e − 2.
1
86. (b ) We have, (1 + x 2 ) > x 2 , ∀x; 1 + x 2 > x, ∀x ∈ (1, 2 )

1 1 dx 2 dx
, ∀x ∈(1, 2 ) ⇒ ∫ <∫
2
⇒ < ⇒ I1 < I 2 ⇒ I 2 > I1.
1 + x2 x 1
1 + x2 1 x
87. (b ) On integrating both functions, we get

cot x
 
= log (1 + t 2 ) +  log t − log (1 + t 2 ) 
1 tan x 1
2 I / e
 2  I /e
1  1  1 1  1 
=  log sec 2 x − log  1 + 2   + log cot x − log   −  log(cos ec 2 x) − log 1 + 2  
2  e  e 2  e 
1
= − log   = log e = 1.
e
3π / 4 dx
88. ( a ) ∫π /4 1 + cos x
3π / 4 1 − cos x 3π / 4 1 − cos x
∫π /4 1 − cos x
2
dx = ∫
π /4 sin 2 x
dx
∫ (cos ec x − cot x cos ec x ) dx = (− cot x + cos ec x )

3π / 4 3π / 4
= 2.
2
= π /4
π /4
89. ( a ) I = ∫
1
dx Let (1 + ln x ) = t ⇒ dt = dx
e2
x (1 + ln x )
2
1 x
Now, when x = 1 to e 2 , then t = 1 to 3
dt  −1 
3
3 1  2
∴ I =∫ =   = −  − 1 = .
 t 1 3  3
2
1 t
 π π
90. (b ) ∫π / 4 cos ec xdx = [− cot x ]π / 4 = − cot 2 − cot 4  = 1.
π /2 π /2
2
 
du π e x −1 2t π
91. ( c ) ∫
x
= ⇒ ∫ dt = as eu − 1 = t 2
(e − 1) 1+ t
1/ 2 2
log 2 u 6 1 6
π π π
⇒ 2 ( tan −1 t )
e x −1
= ⇒ tan −1 e x − 1 − =
1 6 4 12
π
⇒ e x − 1 = tan ⇒ e x − 1 = 3 ⇒ e x = 4.
3
92. ( c ) I = ∫  f ( g ( x ))
2 −1
f '  g ( x )g ' ( x ) dx
1
Let f ( g ( x )) = z ⇒ f ' ( g ( x )) g ' ( x ) dx = dz
When x = 1 , z = f ( g (1) ) when x = 2 , z = f ( g (2) )

f ( g (2)) 1
∴I =∫ dz = log z
f ( g (2))
f ( g (1))
f ( g (1)) z
⇒ I = log f ( g (2)) − log f ( g (1)) = 0, (Q g ( 2 ) = g (1)).

SOLUTIONS
L E V E L - 2 ( Properties of Definite Integration ) w w w. m a t h i i t . i n
π π π
1. (b ) ∫0 xf (sin x ) dx =
2 ∫0
f (sin x ) dx
a f ( x )dx, if f ( a − x ) = f ( x ).
1 a
xf ( x ) dx =
a
Since ∫ 0 2 ∫0
2. (c ) I =∫
π /2 cot x
dx ..... (i )
0
cot x + tan x
π 
cot  − x 
π /2 2 
=∫ dx
0
π  π 
cot  − x  + tan  − x 
2  2 
Now adding (i ) and (ii ) , we get

π /2 tan x
=∫ dx ..... (ii ) .
0
tan x + cot x
π /2 cot x + tan x π
dx = [ x ]0 ⇒ I = .
π /2
2I = ∫
0
tan x + cot x 4
3. (d ) I = ∫ 0
π /2 dθ π /2
1 + tan θ ∫0
=
dθ
π
π /2 dθ
 ∫0 1 + cot θ
= . On adding,
1 + tan  − θ 
2 
  π /2 π π
dθ = [θ ]0
π /2 1 1 π /2
2I = ∫  + dθ =∫ = ⇒I= .
0
 1 + tan θ 1 + cot θ 0 2 4
(b ) f ( x ) = ∫ t 3et dt = ∫ t 3et dt + ∫ t 3et dt

x 0 x
4. a a 0
⇒
df ( x )
dx
=
d
dx
(∫ t e dt ) + dxd (∫ t e dt ) = x e .
0
a
3 t
x
a
3 t 3 x
5. (b ) Let f ( x ) = x x . Then f ( − x ) = − x − x = − x x = − f ( x ) .
∫
1
Therefore x x dx = 0, ( By the property of definite integral ).
−1
6. (d ) ∫ 0
π /2
log tan xdx = ∫
π /2
0
 sin x 
log  dx
 cos x 
=∫
π /2
0
log sin x dx − ∫
π /2
0
log cos x dx = 0 {Q ∫ 0
a a
0 }
f ( x ) dx = ∫ f ( a − x ) dx .
(a ) ∫
π /2 π /2
7. log sin x dx = ∫ log cos x dx
0 0
π /2 π /2 π /2
⇒ 2I = ∫ log sin x cos x dx = ∫ log sin 2 xdx − ∫ log 2dx
0 0 0
1 π π
2 ∫0
= log sin tdt − log 2, ( Putting 2x = t )
2
1 π /2 π
= .2 ∫ log sin t dt − log 2
2 0 2
π
2
−π
⇒2I = I − log2 ⇒I = log2 Q ∫ f ( x) dx = ∫ f (t ) dt .
2
b
a
b
a { }
cos x − sin x
(c ) ∫
π /2
8. dx = 1 ....... (i )
0 1 + sin x cos x
π  π 
cos  − x  − sin  − x 
Now I =∫
π /2
2  2  dx
0 π  π 
1 + sin  − x  cos  − x 
2  2 
π /2 sin x − cos x
=∫ dx ...... (ii )
0 1 + sin x cos x
On adding, 2 I = 0 ⇒ I = 0.
9. ( d ) Let f ( x ) = log  22 +− xx 
 
−1
 2− x   2− x 
⇒ f ( − x ) = log   = − log   = − f (x)
 2+ x   2+ x 
 2− x 
∫
1
∴ log   dx = 0.
−1
 2+ x
10. ( c ) Let f ( x ) = x17 cos 4 x
f (− x) = (−x ) (cos (− x )) = − f (x)

17 4
1
Therefore, ∫ −1
x17 cos 4 xdx = 0.
11. ( d ) Let I = ∫ 0
π /2 sin 3/ 2 xdx
cos x + sin 3/ 2 x
3/ 2
....... (i )
π 
sin 3/ 2  − x 
=∫
π /2
2  dx
3/ 2  π  3/ 2  π 
0
cos  − x  + sin  − x 
2  2 
π /2 cos3/ 2 xdx
= ∫ ......... (ii )
0 sin x + cos3/ 2 x
3/ 2
1 π /2 π
Adding (i ) and (ii ) , we get I=
1 π /2
∫ 1 dx = [ x ]0 = .
2 0 2 4
12. (c ) I =∫
π /4
log (1 + tan θ )dθ ⇒ I = ∫
π /4  π 
log 1 + tan  − θ dθ
0 0
 4 
π /4  1 − tan θ  π /4 π /4
⇒I = ∫ log 1 + dθ ⇒ I = ∫ log 2dθ − ∫ log (1 + tan θ )dθ
0
 1 + tan θ  0 0
1 π /4 log 2 π / 4 π
2 ∫0
⇒I = log 2dθ = θ 0 = log 2.
2 8
sin 2θ sin ( 2π − 2θ )
13. ( d ) I = ∫0
2π 2π
dθ = ∫ dθ
a − b cos θ 0 a − b cos ( 2π − θ )
2π sin 2θ
⇒ I = −∫ dθ
0 a − b cos θ
2π sin 2θ
⇒ 2I = 0 ⇒ ∫ dθ = 0.
0 a − b cos θ
14. ( a ) Put 1 − x = t ⇒ −dx = dt . Also as x = 0 to 1, t = 1 to 0
∫ f (1 − x ) dx = ∫ f (t )(−dt ) = ∫ f (t ) dt = ∫ f ( x ) dx.
1 0 1 1
Therefore, 0 1 0 0

15. ( a ) I=∫

(cos x )  log 
1− x  
1/2
  dx ..........(i )
−1/2
  1+ x  
  1+ x  
∴ I =∫ cos ( − x )  log 
1/2
  dx
−1/2
 1− x 
 1− x 
⇒ I = −∫ (i ) and (ii ) , we get
1/ 2
cos x  log    dx .............(ii ) Adding
−1/ 2
  1+ x  
1/ 2  1− x  1/ 2  1− x 
2I = ∫ cos x  log    dx − ∫−1/ 2 cos x  log    dx
−1/ 2
  1+ x     1+ x  
or 2I = 0 or I = 0 .
cos θ dθ π
16. ( d ) ∫0
dx π /2
=∫
1
= , ( Put x = sin θ , dx = cos θ dθ ).
x + 1− x 2 0 sin θ + cos θ 4
17. (b )
1
 x2 
18. ( c ) ∫−1 1 − x dx = ∫−1 (1 − x )dx =  x − 2  = 2.
1 1
−1
π
19. (b ) Let I = ∫ x sin 3 xd x ...... (i )
0
π
Also I = ∫ (π − x ) sin ...... (ii )
3
xdx
0
π π
Adding (i ) and (ii ) , we get 2 I = π ∫ sin 3 x dx =
π
(3sin x − sin 3x ) dx
0 4 ∫0
π
π cos 3x  π 1 1  4π 2π
=  −3cos x +  = 3 − + 3 −  = . Hence, I = .
4 3 0 4  3 3 3 3
20. (b )
2 −1 1 2
∫
−2
1 − x 2 dx = ∫ 1 − x 2 dx + ∫ 1 − x 2 dx + ∫ 1 − x 2 dx
−2 −1 1
(1 − x ) dx + ∫ (1 − x ) dx − ∫ (1 − x ) dx
−1 1 2
= −∫ 2 2 2
−2 −1 1
4 4 4
= + + = 4.
3 3 3
π 
cos  − x 
21. ( c ) Let
π /2 cos x 2 
...... (i )
π /2
I =∫ dx and I =∫ dx
0
sin x + cos x
0
π  π 
sin  − x  + cos  − x 
2  2 
π /2 sin x
I =∫ dx ........ (ii )
0
cos x + sin x
π π
Adding (i ) and (ii ) , we get 2 I = ∫ 1dx =
π /2
⇒I= .
0 2 4
π /2
22. ( d ) I = ∫
x sin x cos x
dx ....... (i )
0 cos 4 x + sin 4 x
π 
 − x  cos x sin x
=∫  
π /2 2
.......... (ii )
0 sin 4 x + cos 4 x
π π / 2 cos x sin x π π / 2 tan x sec2 x
By adding (i ) and (ii ) , we get 2 I =
2 ∫0 cos 4 x + sin 4 x 4 ∫0 1 + tan 4 x
dx ⇒I= dx
π ∞ dt π ∞ π2
8 ∫0 I + t 2 8 
Now, Put tan 2 x = t , we get I = =  tan −1
t  =
 0 16 .
 π
23. (b ) Let I = ∫0
π /2
sin  x −  dx
 4
π π π
x− is − ve when x ≤ and + ve when x >
4 4 4
π /4  π π /2  π
= −∫ sin  x − dx + ∫ sin  x −  dx = 2 − 2.
0
 4 π / 4
 4
24. ( d )
π /2
25. (b ) ∫ sin x − cos x dx
0
(sin x − cos x ) dx = 2 ( )
π /4 π /2
=∫ − (sin x − cos x ) dx + ∫ 2 −1 .
0 π /4
π π /2
26. ( c ) cos x dx = 2 [sin x ]0
π /2
∫ 0
cos x dx = 2∫
0
= 2.
π /4 π /4 cos 4 x 4
π / 4 sec xdx
27. (b ) ∫ sin −4 xdx = 2∫ sec 4
xdx = 2 ∫0 tan 4 x
−π / 4 0 sin 4 x
1+ t2
Put tan x = t , we get 2 ∫0 4 dt
1
 1 1
  1 1 1 
1
8
= 2 ∫ t dt + ∫ t dt = 2  − 3 + −  = − .
−4 −2
 0 0   3t 0 t 0  3
28. (b )
1.5 1 2 1.5
∫
0
 x 2  dx = ∫  x 2  dx + ∫  x 2  dx + ∫  x 2  dx
0 1 2
= 0 + ∫ 1dx + ∫ 2dx = 2 − 1 + 3 − 2 2 = 2 − 2.
2 1.5
1 2
29. ( d ) I = ∫
π x tan x
dx = ∫
π (π − x ) tan (π − x ) dx
0 sec x + tan x ( ) (
0 sec π − x + tan π − x
)
π π π π sin x π π
dx =  ∫ 1dx − ∫
tan x π dx 
⇒ 2I = ∫
2 0 sec x + tan x
dx = ∫
2 0 1 + sin x 
2 0 0 1 + sin x 
π2 π 
On solving, we get I= − π = π  − 1 .
2 2 
30. ( a ) Let I = ∫
π x tan x
dx = ∫
π (π − x ) tan (π − x ) dx
0 sec x + cos x ( ) (
0 sec π − x + cos π − x
)
π π sin x
2 ∫0 1 + cos 2 x
It gives I = dx
π π π2
Now put cos x = t and solve, we get I = × = .
2 2 4
31. ( a )
1
∫−1
sin 3 x cos 2 x dx = 0. Since the function is an odd function.
π
32. (b ) Let f ( x ) = ∫ esin x cos3 ( 2n + 1) x dx
2
Since cos ( 2n + 1)(π − x ) = cos ( 2n + 1)π − ( 2n + 1) x 
= − cos ( 2n + 1) x and sin 2 (π − x ) = sin 2 x .

Hence by the property of definite integral,
π
∫ esin x cos3 ( 2n + 1) xdx = 0  f ( 2a − x ) = − f ( x ) .
2
33. (b )
e 1 e
∫1/ e
log x dx = ∫ − log xdx + ∫ log xdx
1/ e 1
= [ x − x log x ]1/ e + [ x log x − x ]1

1 e
1 1  2  1
= (1 − 0 ) −  − ( −1) + e − e + 1 = 2 − = 2  1 −  .
e e  e  e
34. ( a )
∫ ( x − [sin x]) dx = ∫
π /2 π /2 π /2
0 0
xdx − ∫
0
[sin x] dx
π /2
 x2  π2  π /2
= 
 2 0
= , Q
8  ∫ [sin x ] dx = 0  .
0
35. ( c ) I = ∫ x (1 − x ) dx
1 n
0
− I = ∫ − x (1 − x ) dx = ∫ (1 − x − 1)(1 − x ) dx
1 n 1 n
0 0
= ∫ (1 − x ) dx − ∫ (1 − x ) dx
1 n +1 1 n
0 0
1 1
 (1 − x )n + 2   (1 − x )n +1  1 1
=  −  = −
 − ( n + 2 )  0  − ( n + 1)  0 n + 2 n +1
1 1
⇒ I= − .
n +1 n + 2
2π π + ( π /6) π + ( π /2) π + ( π /2) + (π /3) 2π
36. ( c ) ∫ [2sin x]dx = π∫ −1dx + ∫ −2dx + ∫ −2dx + ∫ −1dx

π π + (π /6) π + (π /2) π + (π /2) + (π /3)
π π π  π  π π 
=− − 2  −  − 2   − 1 − 
6 2 6 3 2 3
π 2π 2π π π 8π π 10π 5π
=− − − − =− − − =− =−
6 3 3 6 6 6 6 6 3
π /2 dx π /2 cos3 x
37. ( d ) I = ∫0 .......... (i )
1 + tan 3 x ∫0 sin 3 x + cos3 x
= dx
π /2 sin 3 x
=∫ dx ....................... (ii )
0 cos3 x + sin 3 x
π
Adding (i ) and (ii ) , we get 2 I = ∫0 dx ⇒ I = .
π /2

3π / 4 φ 3π / 4 π −φ  π 3π 
38. ( a ) I = ∫ dφ = ∫ dφ Q + =π
π /4 1 + sin φ π / 4 1 + sin (π − φ )  4 4 
3π / 4 π
⇒ 2I = ∫ dφ .
π /4 1 + sin φ
π
On simplification, we get I = π ( 2 − 1 = π tan ) 8
.
39. (b ) Since I = ∫ xf ( x ) dx = ∫ ( a + b − x ) f ( a + b − x ) dx
b b
a a
⇒ I = ∫ ( a + b ) f ( x ) dx − ∫ xf ( x ) dx
b b
a a
{Q f ( a + b − x ) = f ( x ) given}
a+b b
⇒ 2 I = ( a + b ) ∫ f ( x ) dx ⇒ I = ∫ xf ( x ) dx = f ( x ) dx.
2 ∫a
b b
a a
π π
40. (a ) I = ∫ x sin xdx = ∫ (π − x ) sin x dx
0 0
π
⇒ 2 I = π ∫ sin xdx = π [− cos x ]0 ⇒ I = π .
π
0
41. (b )
π /4 π π
42. ( a ) Adding I+J =∫ dx = ⇒ I = − J.
0 4 4
43. ( d ) ∫ ( x − 3 + 1 − x ) dx = ∫ x − 3 dx + ∫ 1 − x dx
5 5 5
1 1 1
= ∫ − ( x − 3 ) dx + ∫ ( x − 3 ) dx = 12.
3 5
1 3
x
44. ( d ) I =∫2
3
dx ............()
i Using the property
5−x + x
I = ∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫ f ( a + b − x ) dx
b b
a a
i.e., change in x = ( 2 + 3 − x ) = 5 − x or dx = −dx
5− x 5− x
∴ I =∫ ( −dx ) = ∫2 dx....... (ii )
2 3
3
x + 5− x 5− x + x
Adding (i ) and (ii ) ,
x + 5− x 1
2I = ∫ dx = ∫ 1dx = [ x ]2 = 3 − 2 = 1 ⇒ I = .
3 3 3
2
5− x + x 2 2
(c ) Let
π π
I = ∫ ecos x cos5 3x dx = ∫ ecos x cos5 3 (π − x ) dx,
2 2
45.
0 0
Q
∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫ f (a − x ) dx 
a a
 0 0
π
I = − ∫ ecos x cos5 3xdx = − I ⇒ 2 I = 0 ⇒ I = 0.
2

π /2 π /2 π
46. (b )
1 cos x
∫ 0
1 + tan x
dx = ∫
0
cos x + sin x
dx = .
4
sin x − x 2 1 sin x x2
47. ( c )
1 1
I =∫ dx = ∫ dx − ∫ dx
−1 3− x −1 3 − x −1 3 − x
sin x
Here, f ( x ) = is an odd function but
3− x
x2
f (x) = is an even function
3− x
x2 1 −x
2 2
1 1 x
∴ I = −∫ dx = −2 ∫ dx = 2 ∫ dx.
−1 3 − x 0 3− x 0 3− x
48. ( d ) Since f ( x ) = sin11 x is an odd function, therefore ∫

1
sin11 x dx = 0.
−1
49. ( d ) Given integral I = ∫−2 ( px 2 + s ) dx + q ∫−2 xdx

2 2
( px
4
( 4 p + 3s )+ s )dx + 0 =
2
or I = 2 ∫ 2
0 3
Thus, to find the numerical value of I, it is necessary to know the value of p and s.
 1+ x   1− x 
50. ( c ) If f ( x ) = log   , then f ( − x ) = log   = − f (x)
1− x   1+ x 
1  1+ x 
Therefore, ∫−1
log   dx = 0.
 1− x 
51. ( a ) I = ∫
π /2 cos x cos x π / 2 cos x
.... (i )
0
dx = ∫ dx + ∫ dx
−π / 2 1 + e x −π / 2 1 + e x 0 1 + ex
0 cos x
Putting x = −t in ∫ −π / 2 1 + ex
dx,
x x
0 cos x π / 2 e cos x π / 2 e cos x π / 2 cos x
we get I = ∫ dx = ∫0 1 + e x dx or I = ∫0 1 + e x dx + ∫0 1 + e x dx
−π / 2 1 + e x
=∫
(1 + e ) cos xdx =
π /2
x
π /2
cos xdx = [sin x ]0
π /2
0
(1 + e ) ∫ x 0
= 1.
2
 x3  7
52. (b ) ∫ x [ x ] dx = ∫ x (0 ) dx + ∫ x (1) dx = 0 +   = .
2 1 2
2 2 2
0 0 1
 3 1 3
π
53. (b ) ∫
π
0
cos3 xdx = ∫
2
0
2
cos3 xdx = 0 {Q cos (π − x ) = − cos x}.
3 3
π 2π /2 π /2
54. (a ) ∫ 2 log sin x dx = 2 ∫

0 0
log sin x dx = 4 ∫ log sin x dx
0
 −π  1
= 4× log 2  = −2π log e 2 = 2π log e  
 2  2

55. ( c ) f ( cos x ) is an even function. (Q f (cos (− x )) = f (cos x ))
π /2 π /2 π /2
∴ ∫ f (cos x ) dx = 2∫ f (cos x ) dx = 2∫ f (sin x ) dx.
−π / 2 0 0
56. (b ) I = ∫ sin 2 xdx = 2 ∫

0
π π /2
0
sin 2 xdx, (Q ∫ 0
2a
f ( x ) = 2 ∫ f ( a − x ) dx, if f ( 2a − x ) = f ( x )
0
a
)
1 π π
I = 2× × = .
2 2 2
57. ( c ) I = ∫0
π /2 sin xdx
sin x + cos x
=∫
0
π /2 cos x.dx
cos x + sin x
, (Q ∫ a
0
f ( x ) dx = ∫ f ( a − x ) dx
a
0 )
π /2 π
2I = ∫ dx ⇒ I = .
0 4
58. ( a ) I = ∫ x tan −1 xdx = 2∫ x tan −1 xdx (Q x tan −1 x is an even function)
1 1
−1 0
1
 x2  11 x2 1 x2 + 1 −1
I =  2 tan −1 x  − 2 ∫ or I =  x 2 tan −1 x  − ∫
1
dx dx
0 2 1 + x2 0 1 + x2
 2 0 0
π π π
I =  x 2 tan −1 x  − [ x ]0 +  tan −1 x  ⇒ I = − 1 + = − 1.
1 1 1
0 0
4 4 2
59. (b ) I = ∫ sin xf ( cos x )dx

a
−a
f ( x) = sin xf (cos x) ⇒ f ( − x ) = − sin xf (cos x )
Q f ( x ) is an odd function ∴I = ∫ f ( x ) dx = 0 .
60. ( c ) We have 2∫ sin 3 θ dθ = 2∫

π π
(3sin θ − sin 3θ )dθ
0 0
4
=
1
−3cos θ +
cos 3θ  1
=  −3 ( −1 − 1) +
( −1 − 1)  = 8
π
  
2 3 0 2  3  3
0 2
 x2   x2 
(a )
2 0 2
61. I = ∫ x dx = ∫ − x dx + ∫ xdx = −   +  
−1 −1 0
 2  −1  2  0
 1 1 5
= − 0 −  + 2 = 2 + = .
 2 2 2
(b ) I = ∫ 2 − x dx = ∫ ( 2 − x ) dx + ∫ − ( 2 − x ) dx
3 2 3
62. 0 0 2
2 3
 x2   x2 
= ∫ ( 2 − x ) dx − ∫ ( 2 − x ) dx =  2 x −  −  2 x − 
2 3
0 2
 2 0  2 2
 9   9 5
⇒ I = [4 − 2 ] −  6 − − ( 4 − 2 )  = 2 −  4 −  = .
 2   2 2
2sin x
(a ) dx ............ (i )
π /2
63. I =∫
0 2 + 2cos x
sin x
π 
sin  − x 
2 
π /2 π /2 2cos x
(ii )
2
I =∫ dx = ∫ dx ............
0 π 
sin  − x 
π 
cos  − x  0 2 + 2sin x
cos x
2 2 
+2 2 

Adding equations (i ) and (ii ) , we get
π /2  2sin x + 2cos x  π /2 π π
dx = ∫ 1 dx = [ x ]0 =
π /2
2I = ∫  sin x cos x  Therefore, I = .
0
2 +2  0 2 4
64. (b ) (1 − 3x ) dx + ∫ (3x − 1) dx
1 1/ 3 1
∫ 3 x 2 − 1 dx = ∫ 2 2
0 0 1/ 3
1 3 1
=  x − x 3  +  x 3 − x 
0 1/ 3
1 1 −1 1 4
= − + + = .
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
sin x
65. ( c ) I = ∫
π /2 sin x e − cos x is an odd function
2
e − cos x dx Q
2
−π / 2 1 + cos x
2 1 + cos x
2
∴ I = 0.
66. (b ) I = ∫ xf ( x ) dx = ∫ ( 2 − x ) f ( 2 − x ) dx,
1.5 1.5
0.5 0.5
Q
∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫ f ( a + b − x ) dx 
b b
 a a
=∫ (2 − x ) f ( x ) dx = 2∫0.5 f ( x ) dx − I ⇒ I = ∫0.5 f ( x ) dx.

1.5 1.5 1.5
0.5
2
π 
 −x
2
π /2 2   a a

∫ f ( x) dx = ∫ f ( a − x ) dx 
π /2 e x dx e dx
67. ( a ) I = ∫ and I = ∫ Q
 
2
π
2
0 π  0 
 −x   −x
0 0
ex + e
2
+e
2
2  2  x
e
π /2 π
1dx = ( x )0
π /2
⇒ 2I = ∫ ⇒I= .
0 4
68. (b ) I = ∫  x − 3  dx ⇒ I = ∫  − ( x − 3) dx + ∫ ( x − 3)dx

5 3 5
1 1 3
⇒ I = ∫  − ( x − 3) dx + ∫  − ( x − 3) dx + ∫ [ x − 3] dx + ∫ [ x − 3] dx
2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4
⇒ I = ∫ dx + ∫ 0dx + ∫ 0dx + ∫ dx = [ x ]1 + [ x ]4
2 3 4 5 2 5
1 2 3 4
⇒ I = ( 2 − 1) + (5 − 4 ) = 2.
0 2
 x2   x2 
69. ( d ) I = ∫ x dx = − ∫ x dx + ∫
2 0 2
x dx = −   +  
−2 −2 0
 2  −2  2  0
= − ( −2 ) + ( 2 ) = 4.
70. ( d ) Given f ( − x ) = − f ( x ) . We know that, ∫ f ( x )dx = 0 = ∫ f ( x ) dx + ∫ f ( x ) dx

a 0 a
−a −a 0
⇒ ∫ f ( x ) dx + ∫ f ( x ) dx = 0 ⇒ ∫ f ( x ) dx = −5
0 1 0
−1 0 −1
⇒ ∫ f (t ) dt = −5.
0
−1

71. ( c ) I1 = ∫a xf (sin x ) dx = ∫a (π − x ) f (sin (π − x )) dx,
π −a π −a
(Q ∫ a
b
f ( x ) dx = ∫ f ( a + b − x ) dx
b
a )
π −a π −a
=∫
a
(π − x ) f (sin x ) dx = ∫a π f (sin x ) dx − I1
2
= 2 I1 = π I 2 ⇒ I 2 = I1.
π
 1+ x 
72. ( a ) I = ∫−1/ 2 cos x ln 
1/ 2
 dx
 1− x 
1+ x 

Since cos x ln   is an odd function,
 1− x 
(Q f (−x) = − f (x))
∴ I = 0.
73. (b )
e2 log e x 1 log x e 2 log x
∫e −1
x
dx = ∫ −1
e x
e
dx + ∫
1 x
e
dx
2
log x e 2 log x
= ∫ −1 − dx + ∫ dx = ∫ − zdz + ∫ zdz
1 0
e x 1 x −1
0
(Putting log e x = z ⇒ (1/ x ) dx = dz )

0 2
 z2   z2  1 5
= −  +   = + 2 = .
 2  −1  2  0 2 2
74. ( c ) ∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫ f ( x ) dx + ∫ f ( x ) dx
3 2 3
−2 −2 2
Q ecos x sin x is an odd function
∴ ∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫ ecos x sin xdx + ∫ 2dx = 0 + 2 (3 − 2 ) = 2.

3 2 3
−2 −2 2
75. ( a ) Let φ ( x ) = ( f ( x ) + f ( − x )) ( g ( x ) − g ( − x )) then,
φ ( − x ) = ( f ( − x ) + f ( x )) ( g ( − x ) − g ( x ) )
( f ( x ) + f ( − x )) ( g ( x ) − g ( − x )) dx = 0 .
π π
∴ ∫ φ ( x ) dx = 0 ⇒ ∫
−π −π
76. ( c ) I = ∫
π /3 dx π /3 sin x
=∫ dx....... (i )
π /6
1 + cot x π /6
sin x + cos x
π /3 cos x
I =∫ dx ....... (ii )
π /6
cos x + sin x
Adding (i ) and (ii ) , 2 I = ∫π / 6 dx; I = 1  π − π  = π

π /3
.
2 3 6  12
π 
sin 2 /3  − x 
π /2 sin 2 / 3 x 2 
77. I = ∫0
π /2
dx or I =∫ dx
sin 2 / 3 x + cos 2 / 3 x 0 π  π 
sin 2 / 3  − x  + cos 2/ 3  − x 
2  2 
π /2 cos 2 / 3 x
or I =∫ dx
0 cos x + sin 2 / 3 x
2/3
π /2
(sin 2/3
x + cos 2/3 x )
∴ 2I = ∫ (sin
0
2/3
x + cos 2/3 x )
dx
π /2 1 π /2 π
⇒ 2I = ∫ dx ⇒ I = [x] = .
0 2 0 4
78. ( a ) Let f ( x ) = log x + 1 + x 2 ( )
( 1+ x + x)2
Now, f ( − x ) = log ( 1 + x − x ) = log ( 1 + x

2 2
− x)
( 1+ x + x)2
((1+ x2 ) − x2 )
= log1 − log( 1 + x2 + x) = − log( 1 + x2 + x) = − f ( x) Q ∫ f ( x ) = 0, if f ( − x ) = − f ( x ) .
a
= log
( 1+ x + x) 2  −a 
∫ log ( x + )
1
Hence, 1 + x2 = 0
−1
(cos ax + sin 2 bx − 2 cos ax sin bx ) dx

π π
79. ( d ) I = ∫ (cos ax − sin bx ) I =∫
2 2
dx or
−π −π
(cos ax + sin 2 bx ) dx − ∫ 2 cos ax sin bx dx or I = 2∫ ( cos 2 ax + sin 2 bx ) dx − 0

π π π
I =∫ 2
−π −π 0
π  1 + cos 2ax 1 − cos 2bx  π

I = 2∫  + dx or I = ∫ ( 2 + cos 2ax − cos 2bx ) dx = 2π .
0
 2 2  0
π 1 + cos 2 x π
80. (b ) I = ∫0 dx = ∫ cos x dx
2 0
π /2 π
cos xdx = [sin x ]0 − [sin x ]π / 2
π /2 π
I =∫ cos xdx − ∫
0 π /2
 π   π
or I = sin − sin 0  − sin π − sin  = 1 + 1 = 2.
 2   2
81. ( c )
π π
82. (b ) I = ∫ esin x cos3 xdx ⇒ I = ∫ e cos3 (π − x ) dx ........ (i )
2 sin 2 (π − x )
0 0
π
⇒ I = − ∫ esin x cos3 xdx .......... (ii )
2
Adding (i ) and (ii ) , we get 2 I = 0 ⇒ I = 0.
∫0  x + 2 dx = ∫0 2dx + ∫1 3 dx + ∫4 4 dx
9 1 4 9
83. ( a )
= 2 + (12 − 3) + (36 − 16 ) = 2 + 9 + 20 = 31.
84. (c ) I = ∫  x 2  dx = ∫  x 2  dx + ∫  x 2  dx
0
2
0
1
1
2
= ∫ 0dx + ∫ dx = [ x ]1 = 2 − 1.
1 2 2
0 1
85. ( c ) e x−[x] is a periodic function with period 1.

1000 x −[ x ] []
1 x− x
∴∫ dx = 1000∫ e dx, Q [ x ] = 0, if 0 < x < 1 = 1000 e x  0 = 1000 (e − 1).
1
e
0 0
an −1 1
a−
86. ( c ) I = ∫
x x
n
dx = ∫ n dx...... (i )
1/ n
a−x+ x 1/ n
a−x + x
1 1
a−
1 + a − − x dx
= ∫1 n n
Q
∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫ f ( a + b − x ) dx 
n b b
1 1  1 1

n
a − + a − − x + +a− −x a a
n n  n n
a−
1
a−x
I = ∫1 n
dx ...... (ii )
n x + a−x
a −(1/ n ) 1
Adding (i ) and (ii ) , we get 2 I = ∫ 1dx = [ x ]1/ nn
a−
1/ n
1 1 na − 2 na − 2
⇒ 2I = a − − = ⇒I = .
n n n 2n
π /2
87. ( c ) I = ∫ sin 2 x log tan x dx,
0
π /2 π  π 
I =∫ sin 2  − x  log tan  − x  dx,
0
2  2 
Q
∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫ f ( a − x ) dx 
a a
 0 0
π /2 π /2
=∫ sin 2 x log cot x dx = − ∫ sin 2 x log tan x dx
0 0
∴ I = − I ⇒ 2 I = 0 ⇒ I = 0.
 1+ x   1+ x 
88. ( a ) I = ∫− [ x ] dx + ∫ log  If f ( x ) = log 
1/ 2 1/ 2
 dx .  , then
1/ 2 − 1/ 2
 1− x  1− x 
 1− x  1+ x 
f ( − x ) = log   = − log   = − f (x)
1+ x  1− x 
∴I = ∫ [ x ] dx + 0 (being integral of odd function)

1/ 2
−1/ 2
−1
=∫ −1dx + ∫ 0dx = − ( x )−1/ 2 =
0 1/ 2 0
.
−1/ 2 0 2
π 2π
(b ) ∫0 2sin xdx + ∫π 0. dx = 2 [− cos x ]0 + 0
π
89.
= −2 (cos π − cos 0 ) = −2 ( −1 − 1) = 4.
(3sin x + sin x ) dx = 0, Function (3sin x + sin 3 x ) is an odd function).

π /2
90. ( c ) I = ∫ 3
(Q
−π / 2
1 1/ 2  1 1  1
91. ( c ) I = ∫0 x x − dx = − ∫0 x  x −  + ∫1/ 2 x  x −  dx
1
2  2  2
1 2
1  1 
=∫  x − x  dx + ∫1/ 2  x − x  dx
1/ 2
2
0
2   2 
1/ 2 1
 x 2 x3   x3 x 2   1 1  1 1 1 1  1
= −  +  −  =  −  +  − + −  = .
 4 3 0  3 4 1/ 2  16 24   3 4 16 24  8

(a ) I = ∫ x − 5 dx = ∫ − ( x − 5 ) dx + ∫ ( x − 5 ) dx = 17 .
8 5 8
92 .
0 0 5
(d ) I = ∫ x − 1 dx = ∫ ( − x + 1) dx + ∫ ( x − 1) dx
2 1 2
93.
0 0 1
1 2
 − x2   x2 
= + x  +  − x  = 1.
 2 0  2 1
94. ( d ) ∫ 2 [ x ] dx = ∫ −1 [ x ]dx + ∫ 0 [ x ]dx + ∫ 1 [ x ]dx + ∫ 2 [ x ]dx

−2 −2 −1 0 1
−1 0 1 2
= ∫ 2dx + ∫ 1dx + ∫ 0dx + ∫ 1dx
−2 −1 0 1
= 2 [ x ]−2 + [ x ]−1 + 0 + [ x ]1
−1 0 2
= 2 ( −1 + 2 ) + (0 + 1) + ( 2 − 1) = 2 + 1 + 1 = 4.
 
95. ( d )
1
dx = ∫ tan −1 x dx − ∫ tan −1 ( x − 1) dx
1 1 1
∫ 0
tan −1  2 
 x − x +1  0 0
 π
1

= 2∫ tan −1 xdx = 2  tan −1 x − log (1 + x 2 )  = − log 2.
1 1
0
 2 0 2
x
∫ dx = − ∫ dx, (Q a < b < 0)
b b
96. (b ) a x a
= − (b − a ) = b − a .
1+ x 
97. ( c ) Since log   is an odd function
 1− x 
2
 1+ x   1− x 
−2

∴ ∫  p log   + q log   + r  dx
  1− x   1+ x  
−2  
∫
2
∴ dx = 4 r . Hence depends on the value of r
−2
π xdx
...... (i ) ,
π (π − x ) dx
98. (c ) Let, I = ∫0 I =∫
1 + sin x (
0 1 + sin π − x
)
I =∫
0
π (π − x )
1 + sin x
dx.... (ii ) , Q {∫ a
0
f ( x ) dx = ∫ f ( a − x ) dx
a
0 }
π π dx π 1 − sin x
Adding (i ) and (ii ) , we get 2 I = ∫ or 2 I = π ∫ dx
0 1 + sin x ( )(
0 1 + sin x 1 − sin x
)
1 − sin x
dx = π ∫ (sec 2 x − sec x tan x ) dx
π π
2I = π ∫ 2
0 cos x 0
2 I = π [ tan x − sec x ]0 = π 0 − ( −1) − (0 − 1) , 2 I = 2π

π
∴ I = π.
(x − 1) dx + ∫ (1 − x 2 ) dx + ∫ ( x 2 − 1) dx
−1
99. ( d ) ∫ 1 − x 2 dx = ∫
3 1 3
2
−2 −2 −1 1

−1 1 2
 x2   x2   x2 
=  − x +  x −  +  − x
3  −2  3  −1  3 1
2 2 2  1  10 28
= + + 2   + ( 9 − 3 ) −  − 1 = + 6 = .
3 3 3 3  3 3
100. ( a ) Given f ( x ) = x − 1
∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫ x − 1 dx = ∫ (1 − x ) dx + ∫ ( x − 1) dx.
2 2 1 2
∴
0 0 0 1
1 2
 x2   x2   1 1 
= x −  +  − x = 1 −  + ( 2 − 2 ) −  − 1 = 1.
 2 0  2 1  2 2 
101 . (b ) Let
π π /2
I = ∫ xf (sin x ) dx = A∫ f (sin x ) dx
0 0
Now, 2 I = ∫0 xf (sin x ) dx + ∫0 (π − x ) f (sin (π − x ))dx

π π
π π
= ∫ π f (sin x ) dx = π ∫ f (sin x ) dx
0 0
π /2 π /2 π
⇒ 2 I = 2π ∫ f (sin x ) dx ∴I =π∫ f (sin x ) dx = A∫ f (sin x )dx. Hence A = π .
0 0 0
π
102. ( c ) Put sin x + cos x = t ⇒ − (sin x − cos x ) dx = dt Also as x = 0 to , t = 1 to 1.
2
Since here limit is ‘1 to 1’, therefore the value of integral will be zero, Q {∫ a
a
f ( x ) dx = 0 }
103. ( c ) Given function L ( x ) = ∫
1
dt = [log t ]1 = log x − log1
x x
1 t
⇒ L ( x ) = log x, Hence L ( xy ) = L ( x ) + L ( y ).
104. ( c ) For 0 < x < 1, we have 1 < e x < e, so that ∫ 1dx < ∫ e
1 1
dx < ∫ e dx ⇒ 1 < ∫ e x dx < e.
2 1 1
x2 2
0 0 0 0
105. ( c ) P = ∫0 f (cos 2 x ) dx and Q = ∫0 f ( cos2 x ) dx Also,

3π π
P = 3∫ f (cos 2 x )dx = 3Q ⇒ P − 3Q = 0.
π
106. ( c ) ∫ (3ax + 2bx + c ) dx = ∫ (3ax 2 + 2bx + c )dx

3 3
2
0 1
∫ (3ax + 2bx + c ) dx + ∫ (3ax 2 + 2bx + c ) dx = ∫ (3ax 2 + 2bx + c ) dx

1 3 3
⇒ 2
0 1 1
⇒ ∫ (3ax 2 + 2bx + c ) dx = 0
1
1
 3ax 3 2bx 2 
⇒ + + cx  = 0 ⇒ a + b + c = 0.
 3 2 0
(d ) (cos px + sin 2 qx − 2sin qx cos px ) dx

π
107. I =∫ 2
−π
(cos px + sin 2 qx ) dx − 2∫ sin qx cos px dx = 2∫ (cos 2 px + sin 2 qx )dx − 0

π π π
=∫ 2
−π −π 0
π
= ∫ ( 2 + cos 2 px − cos 2qx )dx = 2π .
0

108. ( a ) g ( x + π ) = ∫0 cos 4 t dt = ∫0 cos 4 t dt + ∫π cos 4 t dt = g (π ) + f ( x )
x +π π x +π
f ( x ) = ∫ cos 4 u du = g ( x ), (Q t = π + u )
x
∴ g ( x + π ) = g ( x ) + g (π ).
1 1 1
109. ( d ) ∫
dx + ∫ e − x2
dx = 1 + ∫ e− x dx,
2
1
∫e
− x2
0 0 0 but 0
dx is not integrable.
f (x)
110. ( a ) I = ∫0 ......... (i )
2a
dx
f ( x ) + f ( 2a − x )
f ( 2a − x )
I =∫ ........... (ii )
2a
dx
0 f ( 2a − x ) + f ( x )
Adding (i ) and (ii ) , we get 2 I = ∫ dx = 2a ⇒ I = a.

2a
nπ +υ nπ nπ +υ
111. (b ) ∫ sin x dx = ∫ sin x dx + ∫ sin x dx = 2n + 1 − cosυ. .
0 0 nπ
(sec x − 1) tan n − 2 x dx
π /4 π /4
112. ( a ) un = ∫ tan n xdx = ∫ 2
0 0
π /4
π /4 π −4  tan n −1 x  1
=∫ sec2 x tan n − 2 x dx − ∫ tan n − 2 x dx =   − un −2 ⇒ un + un − 2 =
0 0
 n −1 0 n −1
π 2 π
113. ( a ) Put x = θ ⇒ dx = dθ ; As x = 0 to 1, θ = 0 to . Then it reduces to
2 π 2
2 π /2 2 π 
π ∫0
log sin θ dθ =  − log 2  = − log 2.
π 2 
π /2 log sin θ .cos θ
114. ( c ) Put x = sin θ , we get
1 log x
∫ 0
1− x 2
dx = ∫
0 cos θ
dθ
π /2 π
=∫ log sin θ dθ = − log 2.
0 2
π /2
115. (b ) I = ∫ x cot x dx Integrating by parts, we get
0
 π  π
π /2 π /2 I = −  − log 2  = log 2.
 x (log sin x ) 0 − ∫ log sin x dx  2  2
0
116. (b ) Let x + 1 = t when x = −2 to 0, then t = − 1 to 1
I = ∫ (t 3 + 2 + t cos t )dt
1
−1
Since t 3 and t cos t are odd functions
∴ I = ∫ 2dt = [2t ]−1 = 4.

1 1
−1
117. ( a ) On differentiating both sides, we get

− sin 2 xf (sin x ) cos x = − cos x
1 1  1 
⇒ f (sin x ) = ⇒ f (x) = 2 ⇒ f   = 3.
sin 2 x x  3

2 nπ  1  1 2 nπ
118. (b ) ∫  sin x − sin x dx = ∫0 sin x dx
0
 2  2
2n π /2
× 2 ∫ sin x dx = 2n [− cos x ]0 = 2n.
π /2
=
2 0
119. ( a ) Since f ( x ) dx = 0, if f ( − x ) = − f ( x ) Therefore,

a dx
∫ ∫
a
= 0.
−a −a x + x3
120. ( a ) I = ∫
π /3 dx π /3 cos x
=∫ dx ........ (i )
π /6
1 + tan x π /6
cos x + sin x
π /3 sin x
I =∫ ................. (ii )
π /6
cos x + sin x
∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫ f (a + b − x )dx )
b b
(Since
a a
  1 π π π
Adding (i ) and (ii ) we get, 2 I = ∫π /6 dx ⇒ I =  −  = .
π /3
2  3 6  12
π sin 4 x
121. I = ∫ dx
−π sin 4 x + cos 4 x
π /2 sin 4 x
∴ I = 2 × 2∫ dx ....... (i )
0 sin 4 x + cos 4 x
π 
sin 4  − x 
I = 4∫
π /2
 2  dx or
0  π  4 π 
sin  − x  + cos  − x 
4
2  2 
π /2 cos 4 x
I = 4∫ dx ............ (ii )
0 cos 4 x + sin 4 x
π
Adding (i ) and (ii ) we get, 2 I = 4∫
π /2
dx = 4 × = 2π
0 2
122. ( d ) Since, f is continuos function. Let x = t − 1 ∴ dx = dt.
When x = −3 to 5, then t = − 2 to 6
∫ f ( x )dx = ∫ f (t − 1) dt = ∫ f ( x − 1)dx.
5 6 6
Therefore, −3 −2 −2
 n 1
123. (b ) We have,
n
lim  + + ...... + 
n →∞ 1 + n 2 4 + n2
 2n 
n n
n n
= lim ∑ = lim ∑
r =1 r + n  r2 
n →∞ 2 n →∞ 2
r =1
n 2 1 + 2 
 n 
 n −1

n
= lim ∑
1
=∫
1 dx
r 1
∑ f   . = ∫ f ( x ) dx 
1
0 1 + x2
,  Applying formula, lim
n →∞
r =1  r 2
  n →∞
r =0  
n n 0

n 1 + 2 
 n 
1 π
=  tan −1 x  = tan −1 1 − tan −1 0 = .
0 4

124. (b ) Let S = lim
1 4 1
+ 3 + ...... +
n →∞ 3 1 +n 2 +n
3 3
2n
1 4 n2
= lim 3 3 + 3 3 + ...... + 3 3
n →∞ 1 + n 2 +n n +n
2
r
 
n 2 n 2
r r
∴ S = lim ∑ = lim ∑ = lim ∑ .   3
n
1 n
n →∞
r =1 r 3
+ n3 n→∞ r =1  r3  n →∞
r =1 n  r 
n3  3 + 1 1 +   
 n    n  
3x 2 1 1 x2
( )
dx = log e (1 + x3 ) = log e 2.
1 1
1
Applying the formula, we get A = ∫0 ∫
1
dx =
1 + x3 3 1+ x
0 3
3 0 3
199 + 299 + ....... + n99 n

 r 99 
125. (b ) lim
n →∞ n100
= lim
n →∞
∑  100 
r =1  n 
1
 x100 
99
1 n r 1
∑
1
= lim = ∫ =  =
99
  x dx  .
r =1  
n →∞ n n 0
 100 0 100
1/ n 1/ n
126. (b ) Let  n! 
P = lim  n 
1 2 3 4 n
= lim  . . . .... 
 
n →∞ n

n →∞ n n n n n
1  1 2 n
∴ log P = lim  log + log + ... + log 
n n→∞  n n n
n
1 r
log P = lim ∑ log or
n →∞
r =1 n n
1
log P = ∫ log x dx = ( x log x − x )0 = ( −1) ⇒ P = .
1 1
0 e
127. (b )
2n
1 r/n x
L = lim ∑ =∫
2
dx = 5 − 1.
1 + (r / n ) 1 + x2
n →∞ n 2 0
r =1
1 1 
128. ( d )
1 1
lim  + + + ..... + 

n →∞ n n +1 n + 2 2n 
1 1 1 1 
= lim  + + + ..... +

n →∞ n n +1 n + 2 n + n 
   
 1  1 n
 1  1
∑
1 1 1 1
= lim
n n→∞
1 +
 1+
1
+
1+
2
+ ..... +
n
1+ 
= lim  =
n n→∞ r =0 1 + r  ∫ 1 + x dx
0
 n n n  n
= log e (1 + x ) 0 = log e 2 − log e 1 = log e 2.

1
k 
 
129. ( a ) Let n
n n
1
I = lim ∑ 2
k
= lim ∑
n →∞
k =1 n + k 2 n →∞
k =1 n k
2
1+  
n
1
dx = log (1 + x 2 ) = [log 2 ].
x 1 1 1
I =∫
0 1 + x 2
2 0 2

 
1   
130. (b )
1 1
y = lim  +  ⇒ y = lim  1 + 1 + .... + 1 
+ ..... +
n →∞  n
n 2
+ n n 2
+ ( n − 1) n  n →∞  n
n 1+
1 ( n − 1) 
   n 1+ 
 n n 
 
 
1 1 1 1 n 1
⇒ y = lim 1 +
∑
+ .... + 
n →∞  ( n − 1)  or y = lim ,
( k − 1)
n 1
 1+ 1+  n →∞ n
k =1
 n 
1+
n
n
n −1
k −1 1 n
dx 
 n −1 

Put = x and = dx ⇒ y = lim ∫ = lim 2  1 + x   n 
n n n →∞
0 1+ x n →∞ 0
 2n − 1  2n − 1 1
⇒ y = 2 lim  − 1 = 2 lim − 2 ⇒ y = 2 lim 2 − − 2 = 2 2 − 2.
n →∞ n →∞ n →∞
 n  n n
1p + 2 p + 3 p + ..... + n p n
 rp 
131. ( a ) lim
n →∞ n p +1
= lim
n →∞
∑  p +1 
r =1  n 
1
 x p +1 
p
1 n r 1
∑
1
= lim = ∫ =  p + 1 = p + 1
p
n x dx
r =1  
n →∞ n 0
 0
1
= lim ∑ .er / n = ∫ e x dx = (e x ) = e − 1
n
1 1
132. (b ) n →∞
r =1 n
0
0
π π /2 Γ (5 / 2 ).Γ (1/ 2 ) 3π
133. ( d )
π /2
∫ 0
sin 4 x dx = 2∫
0
sin 4 xdx Applying gamma function, 2 ∫
0
sin 4 xdx = 2
2Γ (6 / 2 )
=
8
.
F1 ( x ) = y1 = ∫ ( 2t − 5) dt and F2 ( x ) = y2 = ∫0 2t dt .
x x
134. ( a ) Let
2
Now point of intersection means those point at which y1 = y2 = y ⇒ y1 = x 2 − 5 x + 6 and y2 = x 2 .
6 and y = x 2 = 36 . Thus point of intersection is  6 , 36  .

On solving, we get x2 = x2 − 5x + 6 ⇒ x = 25  5 25 
5
b−c
135. (b )
b−c
∫ f ′′ ( x + a ) dx =  f ′ ( x + a ) 0 = f ' (b − c + a ) − f ' ( a ).
0
 1 1  1 1
136. ( c ) F ' ( x ) = x > 0∀x ∈  − ,  Hence the function is increasing on  − ,  and therefore F ( x ) has
 2 2  2 2
 1 1
maxima at the right end point of  − ,  .
2 2  
1 3
⇒ M ax F (x ) = F   = ∫
1/ 2
t dt = − .
2 1 8

π /2
137. (b ) ∫ sin 2 x cos 2 x (sin x + cos x ) dx
−π / 2
π /2 π /2
=∫ sin 3 x cos 2 xdx + ∫ sin 2 x cos3 xdx
−π / 2 −π / 2
π /2 2 4
= 0 + 2∫ sin 2 x cos3 xdx = 0 + 2 × =
0 15 15
∞
dx
138. (a ) Putting x = tan θ , we get ∫
( )
3
0 x + x2 + 1
π /2 π /2
sec 2 θ dθ cos θ dθ
∫ ( tan θ + sec θ )
0
3
= ∫ (1 + sin θ )
0
3
π /2
 1  1 1 3
= − 2 
=− + =
 2(1 + sin θ ) 0 8 2 8
( ) ( ) x = xe −( x
(
) − e2 x
)
2 2
139. ( d ) f '( x) = e
− x 2 +1 − x2 4
+1+ 2 x 2 +1
.2 x − e
2
.2 2 1
⇒ f ' ( x ) > 0, ∀x ∈ ( −∞, 0 ).

1
log x
140. ( c ) ∫ f ( x ) dx = xe x
+ f ( x ) ⇒ ∫ f ( x ) dx = + f (x) .
x
On differentiating both sides, we get
f ( x ) = 0 + f ' ( x ) . We know
d x
dx
( e ) = e x ,∴ f ( x ) = ce x .
∫ ( )
π /2 3 π /2
141. ( c ) sin θ cos θ dθ = ∫ sin 3/ 2 θ cos3 θ dθ Applying gamma function,
0 0
3 
 +1   3 +1 
Γ 2 Γ 
 2   2  5
Γ 
π /2
∫0 sin 3/ 2
θ cos 3
θ dθ =  
=
Γ ( 5 / 4 ) Γ 2
= 4 8
= .
3 
 + 3 + 2  2 Γ (13 / 4 ) 2. . Γ  
9 5 5 45
2Γ  2   
 2 
4 4 4
 
∞  1 1
142. I = ∫0 log  x +  dx . Put x = tan θ ⇒ dx = sec2 θ dθ
 x  1 + x2
π /2 sec 2 θ π /2
⇒I = ∫ log ( tan θ + cot θ ) dθ ⇒ I = ∫ log ( tan θ + cot θ )dθ
0 sec θ
2 0
⇒I = ∫
π /2
log
(1 + tan θ )dθ
2
⇒ I = 2∫
π /2
log sec dθ − ∫
π /2
log tan θ dθ
0 tan θ 0 0
⇒ I = 2∫
π /2
0
log sec θ dθ Q { ∫
π /2
0
log tan θ = 0 ⇒ I = −2
∫ } π /2
0
log cos θ dθ
−π  π /2 π 
⇒ I = −2 ×
2
log 2 Q

∫ 0
log cos θ = −
2
log 2 

⇒ I = π log 2.

(a )
∞ x log x
143. I =∫ dx . Put x = tan θ ⇒ dx = sec2 θ dθ
0
(1 + x ) 2 2
π /2 tan θ log ( tan θ ) 2 π /2

∴ I =∫ sec θ dθ =∫ sin θ cos θ log ( tan θ )dθ
0 sec4 θ 0
=
1 π /2
2 ∫0
sin 2θ log ( tan θ )dθ = 0 {Q ∫ π /2
0 }
sin 2θ log tan θ dθ = 0 .
144. ( d ) Given f (t ) = ∫ t
−t
dx t
=  tan −1 x  = 2 tan −1 t
1+ x2  −t
2 2
Differentiating with respect to t, f ' (t ) = ⇒ f ' (1) = = 1.
1+ t 2
2
( a ) F ( x ) = ∫x
x3
145. 2
log t dt Applying Leibnitz’s theorem,
x = 3log x.3 x 2 − 2 log x 2 x = (9 x 2 − 4 x ) log x.

d 3 d 2
F ' ( x ) = log x 3 x − log x 2
dx dx
1
  2x  π
146. (c ) I = sin −1  2 
= sin −1 (1) − sin −1 (0 ) = .
  1 + x  0 2
147. (a ) f ′ ( x ) = 2 − x2 ⇒ x2 − 2 − x2 = 0 or
x4 + x2 − 2 = 0
or ( x 2 + 2 )( x 2 − 1) = 0 ∴ x 2 − 1 = 0, ∴ x = ±1.
1 1 1
− dx ∞  x + 
148. (c ) ∫0
∞ xdx ∞
 2
(1 + x ) (1 + x 2 ) ∫0 (1 + x ) ∫0 1 + x 2
= 2 + 2
dx
∞
 −1 
=  log (1 + x ) + × log (1 + x 2 ) +  tan −1 x 
1 1 ∞ 1 ∞
2 0 2 2 0 2 0
1 π  π
= 0 + 0 +  − 0 = .
22  4
d esin x 43 4 3x
2
(d ) F ( x) = ⇒ ∫ e dx = ∫ 3 esin x dx
sin x3 3
149.
dx x 1 x 1 x
Put x 3 = t ⇒ 3 x 2 dx = dt
esin t
F (t ) = ∫ dt = ∫ F (t )dt = F (64 ) − F (1) ,
64 64
1 t 1
On comparing, k = 64.
(b ) Since , f ( x ) = ∫ t sin tdt.

x
150.
0
Now, according to Leibnitz’s rule, f ' ( x ) = x sin x. (1) − 0 = x sin x.

1 
151. (b ) 
n →∞ n n
1
n
2
n
4
n
3
n
9 1
lim  2 sec 2 2 + 2 sec2 2 + 2 sec 2 2 + .... + sec 2 1
n 
n
r2 1 n r r2
lim ∑
r
= 2
sec 2 2 = lim ∑ sec 2 2 .
n →∞ n →∞ n
r =1 n n r =1 n n
Given limit is equal to the value of integral
1 1 1 1 1
∫
1
[tan t ]0 = tan1.
1
2 ∫0
= 2 x sec 2 x 2 dx = ∫ sec 2 t dt ,  Put x 2 = t  =
1
x sec2 x 2 dx
0 2 0 2 2

152. (c ) Given curve y = log x and x = 1 , x = 2 .
Hence required area = ∫ log xdx = ( x log x − x )1

2 2
1
= 2 log 2 − 1 = (log 4 − 1) sq. unit
(c ) Required area = ∫1 x dy = ∫
y 1 2 7
4 4 4
153. dy = . y 3/ 2 1 = sq. unit.
1 2 2 3 3
154. (b ) Let the ordinate at x = a divide the area into two equal parts Y
4
 8   8
Area of AMNB = ∫ 1 + 2 dx =  x −  = 4
4
A
2
 x   x 2 (2,3) C B  3
 4, 
 2
a 8 
Area of ACDM = ∫2 1 + 2 dx = 2
 x 
O X
M D N
On solving , we get a = ±2 2 , since a > 0 ⇒ a = 2 2.
( 2, 0 ) ( a , 0 ) (4 , 0 )
π 2π
Y
155. ( d ) Required area is A1 + A2 = ∫ y dx + 0 ∫ π
y dx = 4π sq. unit.
A1 2π
O π A2
X
π /4 π /4
 cos 2 x sin 2 x 
156. Required Area = ∫
0
(sin 2 x + cos 2 x ) dx =  −
 2
+
2  0
1  cos π sin π 
=  − + + cos 0 − sin 0  = 1 sq. unit
2 2 2 
Y
3/2 4
157. ( d ) Area = ∫04 3x + 4dx =

(3x + 4) 2
= × 56 =
112
sq. unit
y = 3x + 4
B
3.(3/ 2) 9 9
0
C
O X
A
158. (a ) y 2 = x and 2 y = x ⇒ y 2 = 2 y ⇒ y = 0, 2
2
 
∴ Required area = ∫0 ( y 2 − 2 y ) dy =  − y 2  = sq. unit.
3
2 y 4
 3 0 3
159. (b ) Obviously, triangle ACB is right angled at C. Y y = 2+ x
1 1
∴ Required area = × AC × BC = × 2 2 × 2 2 = 4 sq. unit B ( 2, 4 )
2 2
x=2
(0, 2 ) C
A ( 2, 0 )
X
y = 2− x

π /3 π /3
3 3
160. (d ) A1 = ∫
0
cos x dx =
2
, A2 = ∫ cos 2x dx =
0
4
∴ A1 : A2 = 2 :1
Y x=2
x =1
1 4 2 1 15
(b ) Shaded area = ∫1 ydx = ∫1 x3 dx =
2 2
161. x  ∴ A = (16 −1) = sq.unit y = x3
4 1 4 4 X
O
Y
162. (b ) The curve is symmetric about x − axis , y = sin x
π /2 π 2π
sin xdx = 2 [− cos x ]0
π /2
∴ Shaded area = 2∫ = 2. O π /2
X
0
163. ( a ) The curves y = x and y = x + sin x intersect at (0, 0 ) and (π , π ) .

π π π
Hence area bounded by the two curves = ∫ ( x + sin x ) dx − ∫ x dx = ∫ sin x dx

0 0 0
= [− cos x ]0 = − cos π + cos 0 = − ( −1) + (1) = 2.

π
164. (c ) Required area = 2∫ π /3
0
tan x dx = 2 [log sec x ]0 = 2 log ( 2 ).
π /3
3
(b ) ∫0 2kx dx =
2
165. ⇒ 2 2 k − 1 = 3k .
log 2
Now check from options, only (b ) satisfies the above condition.
b
( d ) ∫1 f ( x ) dx = b2 + 1 − 2 = b2 + 1 − 1 + 1 =  x2 + 1
b
166.
 1
d 2x x
∴ f (x) = x2 + 1 = =
dx 2 x2 +1 x +1
2
167. ( a ) Area bounded by the curve y = f ( x ) , x − axis and the ordinates x = 1 and x = b is ∫ f ( x ) dx
b
∫ f ( x ) dx = (b − 1) sin (3b + 4 ) . Differentiate with respect to b , we get

b
∴ From the question 1
f (b ).1 = 3 (b − 1) cos (3b + 4 ) + sin (3b + 4 )
f ( x ) = 3 ( x − 1) cos (3x + 4 ) + sin (3x + 4 ).

Y
168. (b ) Given x2 = 4 y
x2 1 8 2
Shaded area = ∫
2 2
dx =  x 3  = = . x=2
0 4 12 0 12 3 X
(a )
2
 x 3 4 x 2  16
∫0 ( x − 4 x ) dx =  3 − 2  = 3 sq.unit
169. 2
2

3 x + 10
170. (c ) Given curve is y ( x − 2 ) = 3x + 10 ⇒ y = x−2
3 x + 10
∫ ydx = ∫
4 4
Required area is dx
3 3 x−2
= 3x + 16 log ( x − 2 ) 3 = 3 + 16 log 2 sq.unit

4
171. (b ) Required area = area of OABC - area of OBC Y

(16, 4 )
y=4
16 B
x  64 3/ 2
A
= 16 × 4 − ∫
16
x dx = 64 −   = .
0
 3 / 2 0 3
O C x
y2 = x
172. ( d ) Required area = ∫ 2
0
2 x − ( 2 x − x 2 ) dx
 
2
 2x x3 
= − x2 + 
 log 2 3 0
4 8 1 3 4
= −4+ − = − .
log 2 3 log 2 log 2 3
 1 − cos 2 x 
(b ) Required area
π /2 π /2
173. A=∫ sin 2 x.dx = ∫  dx
0 0
 2 
1 π /2 1 π
[ x ]0 − [sin 2 x ]0 = .
π /2
=
2 4 4
(c ) Required area = ∫0 x
dx + ∫
3 2
174. 4 − x 2 dx Y
3
3 x = 3y
3
1  x2 
2
x 4 x
=   + 4 − x 2 + sin −1 
3  2 0  2 2 ( 2,0)
2 3 X
3  3 2π  π
= + π − − = .
2  2 3  3
175. (c ) We have y = 4 x − x 2 and y = 0, ∴ x = 0, 4

4
 4 x2 x3  64 32
Required area = ∫ ( 4 x − x ) dx =  −  = 32 − =
4
2 sq. unit.
0
 2 3 0 3 3
π /2
tan x dx = [log sec x ]0 x =π /4
(d )
π /4
176. Shaded area = ∫ Y
0
= log sec (π / 4 ) − log sec 0 = log 2 − log1 = log 2.

(π / 4, 0 )
X
( −π /2,0) (π / 2,0)

177. ( a ) Solving y = 0 and y = 4 + 3 x − x 2 , we get x = −1, 4.
Curve does not intersect x − axis between x = −1 and x = 4 .
(4 + 3x − x ) dx = 125
4
∴ Area = ∫ 2
.
−1 6
178. (c ) We have y 2 = 4ax ⇒ y = 2 ax
We know the equations of lines x = a and x = 4a
Therefore, the area inside the parabola between the lines
4a
4a 4a 4a
 x3/ 2 
A= ∫ y dx = ∫a = ∫a =
1/ 2
2 ax dx 2 a x dx 2 a  
a  3 / 2 a
4 1/ 2 4 28 2
= a  (4a) 3/ 2 − a 3/ 2  = a1/ 2 a 3/ 2 (8 − 1) = a
3 3 3
Y
179. (b ) y = x − 1, if x > 1 and y = − ( x − 1) , if x < 1 x =1

y =1
1 2
 x  x
2
 2
Area = ∫0 (1 − x ) dx + ∫1 ( x − 1)dx =  x −
1 2
 +  − x x=2
 2 0  2 1 X
 1    1  1 1
= 1 −  +  −  − 1  = + = 1. y = x −1
x + y =1
 2    2  2 2
(b ) Required area
Y
= 2∫
a
180. 4ax dx
0
x=a
2 a 8 a 8
= 4 a ×  x 3/ 2  = a a = a2 . X
3 0 3 3
y 2 = 4ax
181. ( a ) Since the curve is symmetrical about x − axis , therefore

Y
a−x
Required area A = 2∫ a
a
dx . Put x = a sin 2 θ
0 x
⇒ dx = 2a sin θ .cos θ dθ
π /2 a cos 2 θ
A = 2∫ a a sin 2θ dθ X
0 a sin 2 θ x=a
π /2 cos θ
= 2a 2 ∫ 2sin θ cos θ dθ
0 sin θ
π /2 1 π
A = 4a 2 ∫ cos 2 θ dθ ⇒ A = 4a 2 . = π a 2 .
0 2 2
182. ( d ) Given parabolas are x 2 = 1 + y, x 2 = 1 − y Y
1
 x3  (0,1)
Required area = 4 ∫0 (1 − x ) dx = 4  x −  = .
1 8 2
x2 = 1 + y
 3 0 3
X
(0, −1) x2 = 1 − y

Y
(b ) Area of smaller part I = 2∫
3
183. 9 − x 2 dx
1
x  π  1 
3
1 (1, 0 )
= 2.  x 9 − x 2 + 9sin −1  = 9 − 8 − 9sin −1   
2 3 1  2  3 
(3, 0 )
 π −1  1     −1  1   X
(0,0)
= 9  − sin    − 8  = 9 cos   − 8 
 2  3     3 
x =1
= 9 sec−1 (3) − 8  .
( d ) Required area = ∫1 x − 2 dx = ∫ ( 2 − x ) dx + ∫ ( x − 2 ) dx
3 2 3
184.
1 2
2 3
 x2   x2  1 1
=  2 x −  +  − 2 x  = + = 1.
 2 1  2 2 2 2
Y
( a ) Required area = ∫ log x − ( log x ) dx

e 2
185. 1  
A = ∫ log x dx − ∫ (log x ) dx
e e 2
(e,1)
1 1
X
= [ x log x − x ]1 −  x ( log x ) − 2 x log x + 2 x 

e
e 2
(1, 0 )
 1
= e − e − ( −1) −  e (1) − 2e + 2e − ( 2 ) = (1) − ( e − 2 ) = 3 − e.

2
 
186. (c ) Given equations of curves y = e x ; y = e− x and straight line x = 1 We know that area of the figure
bounded by the curves and straight line = ∫0 (e − e ) dx =  e + e  0 = e + − 2.
1
x −x x −x
1 1
e
187. (a ) Solving y 2 = x and x = 2 y + 3 Y
4 y 2 = ( x − 3) 2 , 4 x = x 2 − 6 x + 9
⇒ x 2 − 10 x + 9 = 0 ⇒ ( x − 1)( x − 9) = 0 ⇒ x = 1,9 B
A
= −4 [ x log x − x ]0 = −4 ( −1) = 4 sq. unit
1
(Q lim x log x = 0).
x →0 O (3, 0)
x=9
X
9  x − 3 
Required area = A + B = ∫03 xdx + ∫  x −    dx
3
  2 
2 3/ 2 3 2 3/ 2 9 1  x 2 
9
x =1
=  x  +  x  −  − 3x 
3 0 3 3 2 2 3
2 2 1  81  9 
= 3 3 + 9 × 3 − 3 3  −  − 27  −  − 9  
3 3 2  2  2 
1
= 18 − [36 − 18] = 18 − 9 = 9 sq.unit
2
(c ) Required area = ∫1−e log e ( x + e ) dx

0
188. (0,1)
= ∫ log t dt = [t log t − t ]1 = 1 sq.unit ( put x + e = t ). (1 − e, 0 )

e e
1

Y
189. (b ) y = 4 x and x = 4 y are symmetric about line y = x
2 2
∫ (2 )
4 8 ( 4, 4 )
⇒ Area bounded between y 2 = 4 x and y = x is x − x dx = S1
0 3 S2
S3
X
16 16
⇒ As 2 = and As 1 = As 3 = ⇒ As 1 : As 2 : As 2 ::1:1:1.
3 3
190. ( a ) In both cases area will be same, hence ratio A : B is 1:1 .
191. ( d ) Required area = 2 ∫1
1/ 4
( )
y − 1 dy , ( From the symmetry ) y = ( x + 1)
2
Y
y = ( x −1)
2
On solving, we get required area = 1 sq. unit.

3 1
(0,1) y=
4
X
(b ) Given that, ∫π / 4 f ( x ) dx = β sin β + π cos β +

β
192. 2 β . Differentiating w.r.t.β , we get
4
π
∴ f ( β ) = sin β + β cos β − sin β + 2,
4
π   π 
Hence f   = 1 − + 2  .
2  4 
= 2 x + 1 ⇒ y = x 2 + x + c ⇒ y = x 2 + x, [Q c = 0 by putting x = 1, y = 2]
dy
193. (c )
dx
2
 1
⇒  x +  = y + , which is a equation of parabola, whose vertices is, V  −1 , −1 
1
 2 4  
 2 4 
0
 x3 x 2  −1 1 1
∴ Required area = ∫ ( x + x ) dx =  +  =
0
2
+ = sq.unit.
−1
 3 2  −1 3 2 6
X
( −1, 0 ) (0, 0 )
V
( −1/ 2, −1/ 4 )

SOLUTIONS
L E V E L - 3 (Tougher Problems) w w w. m a t h i i t . i n
f '( x)
1. ( d ) We have f ′(x) = f (x) ⇒ = 1 ⇒ log f ( x ) = x + log c ⇒ f ( x ) = ce x
f ( x)
Since f ( 0 ) = 1, therefore 1 = ce 0 ⇒ c = 1 . Thus f ( x ) = e x Hence g ( x ) = x 2 − e x
∴ ∫ f ( x ) g ( x ) dx = ∫ e x ( x 2 − e x ) dx = e − e 2 − .
1 1 1 3
0 0 2 2
(c ) I1 = ∫ xf {x (1 − x )}dx = ∫ (1 − k + k − x ) f (1 − k + k − x )(1 − (1 − k + k − x ) dx

k k
2.
1− k 1− k
∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫ f (a + b − x ) dx) = ∫ (1 − x ) f {x (1 − x )}dx
b b k
(Q
a a 1− k
=∫ f {x (1 − x )}dx − ∫ xf {x (1 − x )}dx = 12 − 11
k k
1− k 1− k
I1 1
∴2 I1 = I 2 ⇒ =
I2 2
x7 x 6 x dx
(b )
1 1
3. I =∫ dx = ∫ . Put x 2 = sin θ ⇒ 2 xdx = cos θ dθ
0
1 − x4 0
1 − x4
1
Γ 
sin θ cos θ dθ 1 1 Γ 2Γ (1/ 2 )
3
π /2 π /2
1 2 = 1
I=
2 ∫0 cos θ
= ∫
2 0
sin 3 θ dθ =
2 2.Γ (5 / 2 )
=
3 1 1 3
4. Γ 
2 2 2
4. (c ) Since cos ( 2n + 1)(π − x ) = cos ( 2n + 1)π − ( 2n + 1) x  = − cos ( 2n + 1) x and
cos 2 (π − x ) = cos 2 x .
So that f ( 2a − x ) = − f ( x ) , and hence by the property of definite integral

π
∫ ecos x cos3 ( 2n + 1) x dx = 0.
2
(b ) We have ∫0 f ( x ) dx = ∫0 f ( x ) dx + ∫1 f ( x ) dx, where f ( x ) = ( ax 2 + bx + c )(1 + cos8 x )

2 1 2
5.
If f ( x ) > 0 ( < 0 ) ∀x ∈ (1, 2 ) then ∫ f ( x ) dx > 0 (< 0 ). Thus f ( x ) = (1 + cos x )( ax + bx + c ) must

2
8 2
1
be positive for some value of x in [1, 2 ] and must be negative for some value of x in [1, 2].As
(1 + cos x ) ≥ 1 it follows that if g ( x ) = ax

8 2
+ bx + c, then there exist some α , β ∈ (1, 2) such that
g (α ) > 0 and g ( β ) < 0 . Since g is continuous on R, therefore there exist some ‘c’ between α and β
such that g ( c ) = 0. Thus ax 2 + bx + c = 0 has at least one root in (1, 2 ) and hence in (0, 2 ).
6. ( a ) Let us divide the interval into two sub-intervals I , −1 ≤ x < 0 sothat x is −ve and I , x ≥ 0 so that x is +ve .
1 2
(−t )dt = − ( x 2 − 1)
1
For I1 , f ( x ) = ∫ .............. (i )
x
−1 2
For I 2 , f ( x ) = ∫ ( −t )dt + ∫0 t dt
x x
−1
= − t 2  + t 2  = (1 + x 2 )
1 1 1
....... (ii )
0 x
−1 0
2 2 2
Hence the function can be defined as the following
 1 2
 − ( x − 1) , if − 1 ≤ x < 0
 − x, if − 1 < x < 0

f (x) =  2 , f ' ( x ) =  0, if x = 0
 1 ( x 2 + 1) , if x ≥ 0 
 2  x, if x > 0
1
For f , L = R = V = at x = 0, so f is continous at x = 0 . For f ', L = R = V = 0 at x = 0 , so f ' is
2
also continuous at x = 0 . Thus both f and f ' are continuous for x > −1 i.e., x + 1 > 0.
1
(b ) g ( 2 ) = ∫0 f (t )dt = ∫0 f (t ) dt + ∫1 f (t ) dt . ≤ f (t ) ≤ 1 , for 0 ≤ t ≤ 1,
2 1 2
7. As
2
1 1
dt ≤ ∫ f (t ) dt ≤ ∫ tdt ≤ ∫ f (t ) dt ≤ 1........ (i )
1 1 1 1
∫0 2 0 0
or
2 0
21
for 1 < t ≤ 2, ∫ 0dt ≤ ∫ f (t ) dt ≤ ∫ dt
1
As 0 ≤ f (t ) ≤
2 2
1 1 1 2
2
1
∴ 0 ≤ ∫ f (t ) dt ≤ ....... (ii )
2
.
1 2
Adding (i ) and (ii ) , 1/ 2 ≤ g ( 2 ) ≤ 3 / 2
∴ g ( 2 ) satisfies the inequality 0 ≤ g ( 2 ) < 2.

π cos 2 x 2
− π cos x
8. (c ) I =∫ dx = ∫π 1 + a − x (−dx ) ( Putting − x for x )
−π 1+ ax
π cos 2 x π  1 1  π π π
=∫
−π 1 + a − x
dx ⇒ I + I = ∫ cos 2 x  + dx = ∫ cos 2 x dx ⇒ 2 I = 2∫ cos 2 xdx = ∫ (1 + cos 2 x )dx
−π
 1 + a x
1 + a− x  −π 0 0
π
 sin 2 x  π
= 2 I = [ x ]0 + 
π
 ⇒ 2I = π ⇒ I = .
 2 0 2
ex f (a ) f (a )
9. (d ) Given f ( x ) = , I1 = ∫ xg {x (1 − x )}dx and I 2 = ∫ f − a g {x (1 − x )} dx
x +1 f (− a ) ( )
ea e−a
f (a ) = , f ( )
− a = ∴ f ( a ) + f ( −a ) = 1
1 + ea 1 + e− a
f (a) f (a)
Now 2 I1 = ∫ xg ( x (1 − x )) dx + ∫ ( f ( a) + f ( −a) − x )g ((1 − x) x ) dx
f (− a ) f (− a )
f (a )
⇒ 2 I1 = ∫ g ( x (1 − x )) dx = I 2 (Q f (a ) + f (−a ) = 1)
f (− a )
I2
∴ 2 I1 = I 2 ⇒ = 2.
I1
( a ) ∫0 ( x − a ) f ( x ) dx = ∫0 x 2 f ( x ) dx + a 2 ∫0 f ( x ) dx − ∫0 2axf ( x ) dx = a 2 + a 2 − 2a × a = 0.
1 2 1 1 1
10.
11. ( a ) Put a = 2, b = 3 and c = 0 in the given inegral and we get the value of required integral as given in ( a ) .
1
t m +1 t m +1
1 1
12. (a ) l ( m, n) = ∫ t (1 + t ) dt = (1 + t ) .
m n
− ∫ n(1 + t ) n −1.
n
dt
0
m +1 0 0 m +1
2n n
= − l (m + 1, n − 1)
m +1 m +1
1  1   2   3   n   1  1   23   n3 

4 4 4 4
13. (d ) lim   +   +   ..... +    − lim  4  +  4  + ...... +  4 

 n   n   n   n   n →∞ n  n   n   n  
n →∞ n
1  x5  1
= ∫ x 4 dx − 0 =   = .
0
5 5
t2
14. ( a ) ∫0 2
xf ( x ) dx = t 5 , t > 0 .
5
Differentiate both sides w.r .t ' t ' , we get t 2 f (t 2 ) 2t = 2t 4 ⇒ f (t 2 ) = t
2
Put t = , we get f   = .
4 2
5  25  5
2
 1  1
15. (b ) The equation of curve is y = x − x 2
⇒ x2 − x = − y ⇒  x −  = −  y − 
 2   4
1 1
This is a parabola whose vertex is  ,  . Hence point of intersection of the curve and the line
2 4
x − x 2 = mx ⇒ x (1 − x − m ) = 0 i.e., x = 0 or x = 1 − m
1− m 1− m
9  x 2 x3 mx 2  (1 − m) 2 (1 − m)3 (1 − m)3
∴ =
2 ∫
0
( x − x 2 − mx)dx =  − −
 2 3 2 0
 = (1 − m)
2
−
3
=
6
6× 9
∴ (1 − m ) = = 27 ⇒ 1 − m = 271/3 = 3 ⇒ m = −2
3
(
Also, (1 − m ) − 33 = 0 ⇒ (1 − m − 3) (1 − m ) + 9 + (1 − m ) 3 = 0
3 2
)
⇒ (1 − m ) + 3 (1 − m ) + 9 = 0 ⇒ m 2 − 2m + 1 − 3m + 3 + 9 = 0 ⇒ m 2 − 5m + 13 = 0
2
5 ± 25 − 52
m= i.e., m is imaginary Hence, m = -2.
2
x3
16. (b ) Curve y 2 ( 2a − x ) = x3 is symmetrical about x − axis and passes through origin. Also <0
Y
2a − x
for x > 2a and x < 0 . So curve does not lie in x > 2a and x < 0 , curve lies
x = 2a
x3/ 2 π /2
wholly on 0 ≤ x ≤ 2a. ∴ Area = ∫ dx = ∫ 8a 2 sin 4 θ dθ ,
2a
0
2a − x 0
X
O
 3 1 π  3π a
2
( Put x = 2a sin θ ) 2 = 8a  . .  =
2
( Applying Gamma function )
4 2 2  2
Y
17. (b ) Solving the equations,
x 2 + y 2 = 9................ (i ) y 2 = 8 x .................(ii )
C
Put y = 8x in (i ) , x + 8 x − 9 = 0 ⇒ ( x + 9 )( x − 1) = 0
2 2
X
i.e. x = −9 or 1 O A B
x = −9 gives imaginary value of y for equation (ii) hence neglected.

∴ A ≡ (1, 0 ) and B ≡ (3, 0 )
∴ Required area = 2  ∫0 y dx for (ii ) + ∫1 y dx for (i )

1 3
 
  3/ 2 1
  x 9 − x 2 9 −1  x   
3
 
= 2 ∫ 2 2 ( x ) dx + ∫ 3 − x dx = 2  2 2 × 
1 3 x
+ sin    
 +
1/ 2 2 2
 0 1    3 / 2 0  2 2  3  1 
 
4 2 9 π 8 9 −1  x   2 2 9π 1
= 2 + × − − sin    = + − 9sin −1   .
 3 2 2 2 2  3  3 2 3
18. (b ) The lines are y = x − 1, x ≥ 0

Y
y = − x −1, x < 0, y = − x + 1, x ≥ 0, y = x +1, x < 0 y = x +1 y = −x +1
Area = 4 ×  1 × 1× 1 = 2. 1 1 X
2 
1 1
y = −x −1 y = x −1
19. (c ) We know − 1 ≤ sin x ≤ 1 ⇒ −2 ≤ 2sin x ≤ 2

3π 5π 7π 3π
π
I = ∫π 2 [2sin x ]dx = ∫π 6 [2sin x ]dx + ∫5π [2sin x ]dx + ∫ 6
[2sin x ]dx + ∫7π2 [2sin x ]dx
π
2 2 6 6
2
5π 7π 3π
π
= ∫π 6 (1) dx + ∫5π (0 ) dx + ∫ 6
( −1) dx + ∫7π2 ( −2 ) dx π 7π / 6 3π / 2
π
2 6 6 π /2 5π / 6
 5π π   7π   3π 7π  2π π 4π π -1
= − +0− −π  − 2 −  = − − =−
 6 2  6   2 6  6 6 6 2 -2
πx  1
20. (c ) f ( x ) = A sin   + B, f '   = 2 ,
 2  2
2A
∫ f ( x )dx = π ,
1
0
(given)
πx
1
 πx   2A 2A 2A
⇒ ∫  A sin 
1
 + B dx = ⇒ − cos + Bx =
0
  2   π π 2 0 π
 −2 A  2 A πx πA πx
⇒B − = ⇒ B = 0 ∴ f ( x ) = A sin ⇒ f '( x) = cos .
 π  π 2 2 2
1 π A 1  4 4
∴ f '  2  = 2  2  = 2 ⇒ π A = 4 ⇒ A = π . Hence A = , B = 0.
  π
(sec )
π /4 π /4
21. (b ) In = ∫
0
tan n x dx = ∫
0
2
x − 1 tan n − 2 x dx
π /4
π /4 π /4  tan n −1 x  1
=∫ 2
sec x tan n −2
x dx − ∫ tan n −2
x dx =   − I n−2 ⇒ I n + I n−2 =
0 0  n −1 0 n −1
n
Now, lim n [ I n + I n−2 ] = lim
1
= lim = 1.
n→∞ n→∞ n − 1 n→∞ 1
1−
n
22. (a ) We know that log x is defined for x > 0 and log x is defined for all x ∈ R ~ {0} Y
Also log x ≥ 0 and log x ≥ 0

∴ Required area is symmetrical in all the four quadrants and is equal to
sq. unit, ( Q In ( 0,1) ,log x< 0)

1 1 X X
4 ∫ | log x | dx = − 4 ∫ log xdx -1 1
0 0
= − 4 [ x log x − x ]0 = −4 ( −1) = 4 sq. unit,

1
(Q lim x log x = 0).
x →0
Y
x1 
23. (c ) 2sin  + cos x + cos2x +.... + cos nx 
x x x x
= sin + 2sin cos x + 2sin cos 2 x + ...... + 2sin cos nx
2 2  2 2 2 2
x 3x x 5x 3x  1  1  1
= sin + sin − sin + sin −sin +...... + sin n +  x − sin  n −  x = sin n +  x
2 2 2 2 2  2  2  2
 1
sin  n +  x
∴
1
+ cos x + cos 2 x + ...... + cos nx =  2
2 x
2sin  
2
 1
sin  n +  x
π  2  π1 π π 
⇒∫ dx = 2  ∫ dx + ∫ cos xdx + ..... + ∫ cos nx dx 
0  
x  20 0 0

sin  
2
π
π sin nx 
= 2  + sin x + ..... +  = π.
2 n 0
1 1
(c ) ∫0 e x ∫ ∫
1 1
( x − α )dx = 0 ⇒ = α
2
x2 2
24. 2 x.e dx e x dx
2 0 0
1 x2 1 1
= α ∫ e x dx ⇒ (e − 1) = α ∫ e x dx
1 1
⇒
2 2
e
2 0 0 2 0
10π π 10π π
25. (d ) ∫π sin x dx = ∫ sin x dx + ∫
0 π
sin x dx − ∫ sin x dx
0
10π π π π π
=∫ sin x dx − ∫ sin x dx = 10∫ sin x dx − ∫ sin x dx = 9∫ sin x dx
0 0 0 0 0
[Q sin x is periodic with period π and in [0, π ],sin x ≥ 0 ]
= 9 [− cos x ]0 = 9 ( − cos π + cos 0 ) = 9 (1 + 1) = 18.

π

π 2 x (1 + sin x ) π 2x π 2 x sin x
26. (b ) I =∫
−π 1 + cos x
2
dx = ∫
−π 1 + cos x
2
dx + ∫
−π 1 + cos 2 x
dx
 a f ( x ) dx = 2 a f ( x ) dx, if f ( − x ) = f ( x )
⇒I = 0+∫
2 x sin x
dx
π
 ∫− a ∫0 
−π 1 + cos 2 x  = 0, if f ( − x ) = − f ( x ) 
 
π 2 x sin x π x sin x
⇒ 1 = 2∫ dx ⇒ I = 4∫ dx ...... (i )
0 1 + cos x
2 0 1 + cos 2 x
⇒ I = 4∫
0
π (π − x ) sin x dx
1 + cos 2 x
......... (ii ) (
Q ∫
0
a
f ( x ) dx = ∫ f ( a − x ) dx
a
0 )
π π sin x π
Adding (i ) and (ii ) , we get 2 I = 4 ∫
sin x
dx ⇒ I = 2π ∫ dx
0 1 + cos x
2 0 1 + cos 2 x
−1 − dt
Put cos x = t ⇒ − sin xdx = dt ⇒ I = 2π ∫
1 1+ t2
−1  −π π 
⇒ I = −2π  tan −1 t  ⇒ I = −2π  −  = π 2.
1
 4 4
27. ( d ) For 0 < x < 1, we have x 2 > x 3 and for 1 < x < 2, we have x 3 > x 2
∴ 2 x > 2 x for 0 < x < 1 and 2 < 2 for 1 < x < 2

2 3 2 3
x x
∴ ∫ 2 x dx > ∫ 2 x dx and ∫ 2 x dx < ∫ 2 x dx

1 2 1 3 2 2 2 3
0 0 1 1
∴ I1 > I 2 and I 3 < I 4 .
28. (b ) 1
2 f (x) − 3 f   = x
x
........ (i )
1
Replacing x by   in (i ) , we get
x
1 1
2 f   − 3 f ( x) = ........ (ii )
x x
1
Eliminating f   from (i ) and (ii ) , we get
x
3 2x2 + 3  2x2 + 3 
−5 f ( x ) = 2 x + = ⇒ f (x) = −  
x 3  5x 
2x + 3 
1 2 2

= ∫1 f ( x ) dx = − ∫1  5x dx = − 5  x + 3log e x 1
2 2 2
 
3 3
=− [1 + l og e 2] = − [1 + ln2].
5 5

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Today’s Mathiit’ians..... Tomorrow’s IITi’ians.....

∴ 2 I =  e x (sin x − cos x ) = ( eπ / 2 + 1)

6. ( a ) Put sin x = t ⇒ cos x dx = dt , so that reduced integral is

π /2 1 + cos x 1 − cos x π /2 sin x

Trivandrum: 0471-2438271 Kochi: 0484-2370094

9. (a) Put x = tan θ ∴ dx = sec 2 θ dθ

Trivandrum: 0471-2438271 Kochi: 0484-2370094

18. ( d ) Put t = tan −1 x ⇒ dt =

Trivandrum: 0471-2438271 Kochi: 0484-2370094

= [ tan x − sec x ]0 = [tan π − sec π + 1] = [0 + 1 + 1] = 2.

31. ( d ) Put sin 2 x = t ⇒ dt = 2sin x cos xdx .

Put t = tan x ⇒ dt = sec 2 xdx, then we have

π /2 sin x cos xdx

x + 2 x cos α + 1 0 ( x + cos α )2 + 1 − cos 2 α

Trivandrum: 0471-2438271 Kochi: 0484-2370094

36. (b ) I = ∫−1  tan  2  + tan    dx

37. ( a ) Put log x = u in I1 , so that dx = x du = eu du Also as x = e to e 2 , u = 1 to 2

Thus, I1 = ∫1 du = ∫ dx. Hence I1 = I 2 .

(1 + a )  tan −1  1 + a t  = 2  tan −1 ∞ − tan −1 0 = π

41. (b ) Required value =  (

Also as x = 0 to 1, t = 1 to e , then reduced form is

(Dividing numerator and denominator by cos 4 θ }.

Trivandrum: 0471-2438271 Kochi: 0484-2370094

56. ( c ) ∫ log xdx = [ x log x − x ]1 = 2 log 2 − 2 + 1

Trivandrum: 0471-2438271 Kochi: 0484-2370094

Eliminating f   from (i ) and (ii ) , we get

Trivandrum: 0471-2438271 Kochi: 0484-2370094

Put sin x − cos x = t , (cos x + sin x ) dx = dt ∴ I = 2 ∫

Dividing the numerator and denominator by cos2x, we get

I =  2 − 1 −  − 2 − 2  +  2 − 1 or I =  2 − 1 + 2 2 + 2 − 1 = 4 2 − 2

Trivandrum: 0471-2438271 Kochi: 0484-2370094

73. ( d ) I = ∫ ( x − 1)( x − 2 )( x − 3)dx. or

2 tan θ sec 2 θ tan −1 15 2 tan θ sec 2 θ 2 tan θ sec θ

∴ I = ∫ sin 3 θ dθ = ∫ sin θ (1 − cos 2 θ )dθ

Trivandrum: 0471-2438271 Kochi: 0484-2370094

81. (b ) I = ∫1 log x dx ⇒ I = ∫e 1.log x dx

π /2 (sin x + cos x ) π / 2 ( sin x + cos x )

Trivandrum: 0471-2438271 Kochi: 0484-2370094

86. (b ) We have, (1 + x 2 ) > x 2 , ∀x; 1 + x 2 > x, ∀x ∈ (1, 2 )

87. (b ) On integrating both functions, we get

∫ (cos ec x − cot x cos ec x ) dx = (− cot x + cos ec x )

Now, when x = 1 to e 2 , then t = 1 to 3

Let f ( g ( x )) = z ⇒ f ' ( g ( x )) g ' ( x ) dx = dz

When x = 1 , z = f ( g (1) ) when x = 2 , z = f ( g (2) )

Trivandrum: 0471-2438271 Kochi: 0484-2370094

L E V E L - 2 ( Properties of Definite Integration ) w w w. m a t h i i t . i n

Now adding (i ) and (ii ) , we get

(b ) f ( x ) = ∫ t 3et dt = ∫ t 3et dt + ∫ t 3et dt

10. ( c ) Let f ( x ) = x17 cos 4 x

f (− x) = (−x ) (cos (− x )) = − f (x)

14. ( a ) Put 1 − x = t ⇒ −dx = dt . Also as x = 0 to 1, t = 1 to 0

Trivandrum: 0471-2438271 Kochi: 0484-2370094

Since cos ( 2n + 1)(π − x ) = cos ( 2n + 1)π − ( 2n + 1) x 

= − cos ( 2n + 1) x and sin 2 (π − x ) = sin 2 x .

= [ x − x log x ]1/ e + [ x log x − x ]1

36. ( c ) ∫ [2sin x]dx = π∫ −1dx + ∫ −2dx + ∫ −2dx + ∫ −1dx

Trivandrum: 0471-2438271 Kochi: 0484-2370094

i.e., change in x = ( 2 + 3 − x ) = 5 − x or dx = −dx

Trivandrum: 0471-2438271 Kochi: 0484-2370094

48. ( d ) Since f ( x ) = sin11 x is an odd function, therefore ∫

49. ( d ) Given integral I = ∫−2 ( px 2 + s ) dx + q ∫−2 xdx

54. (a ) ∫ 2 log sin x dx = 2 ∫

Trivandrum: 0471-2438271 Kochi: 0484-2370094

56. (b ) I = ∫ sin 2 xdx = 2 ∫