DESIGN OF SHAFTS
DMM I
AXLE:
M.S.Goutham
Asst.Prof. Mech. Engg.
Shaft is a rotating machine element used to transfer power from one point to the other.
The resultant torque, as a result of supply of power to the shaft, helps in transmitting power.
The transfer of power from one shaft to the other is done with the help of gears, pulleys etc.
(mounted with the help of keys & splines).
Shafts can be solid / hollow. Can be round / square/ some other cross sections.
For shafts of high strength, Nickel (or) Nickel Chromium alloy can be used.
Shafts are manufactured by Hot Rolling and the machining (or) Cold Rolling and the drawing.
Is a stationary shaft, subjected to Bending Moment. Acts just as a support. Ex: Car axle.
Spindle: A short shaft which transmits power to a cutting tool. Ex: Lathe, Drilling Machines etc.
A shaft is subjected to:
I.
d/2
d x
16
x [d - d]
J=
32
Then T = x [d - d] x 2
d
32
x [d - d]
16
= x x d [ 1 k]
Where k =
16
= x x d 1 d
16
d
d
For the solid & hollow shafts to have the same strength, their Twisting Moments (or) Torques
must be equal
Ie. d =
16
d [ 1 k] = d = d [1 k]
16
T=
P x 60
2n
Torque T = (T - T) R
Where T & T are tensions of the belt on the tight & slack side of the belt
& R = Radius of the pulley.
II.
M =
r
I = Second moment of area / Moment of Inertia - mm
shaft
d . from table. 1.3 Page no. 9 - DDHB
64
Then
d / 64
(or)
M=
d/2
32
[d - d]
.. Eqn. (1)
d = Inside diameter
32
M=
d 1-
M=
32
III.
d [1- k]
where
32
k = d
d
max. =
( ) + 4 ()
b
eqn. II
2
= Bending stress MN / mm
shaft.
= Shear stress MN / mm
D = Diameter of the
But we have
= b = 32 M
& = 16 T
32M
max.
M + T
= 16
+4
2
=
16
16
16T
(2m) + 4 (T)
2
M + T
(2)
max.
M + T .. (3)
16
The value
Te is defined as the Twisting Moment, which when acting alone, will produce the same shear
stress ()as the actual Twisting Moment
M + T
d = Te .. (4)
16
b +
( ) + 4 ()
b
(IV)
b = =
32M
d
&
= 16T
d
b max. =
32M + 1
d
32M
= 16 M + 1 x
16 x 2
M + T
[M +
16T
(2M) + 4 T
16
+4
= 16 M + 1
= 16
M + T] =
max (d)
d
=
b(max.) d
= 1 [M +
32
The term 1 [M +
M + T]
2
Me is defined as the bending moment, which when acts alone, will produce the same bending
stress as the normal bending moment.
If bmax. = , then, b d = 1
32
M + T
M + T] = Me .. (V)
[M +
= d [1 - k] = Te . (VI)
16
d [1 - k]
32
= 1
2
[M +
M + T] = Me . (VII),
where k = d / d