Rahim Masoudi
Principal Reservoir Engineer
Outline:
Oil Rim definition/concept/Challenges
Guidelines/best practices/key technologies/success
factors
Reservoir and business management and exploitation
strategies
Successful field application and examples
Closing Remarks
Oil Rim
Opportunity and Headache!
Limited Thickness
Overlain by Gas Cap
Underlain by Aquifer
Withdrawal
Aquifer Drive
Indicates regions of
high flow into the
well bore
Indicates regions of
low flow into the
well bore
Technical Challenges:
Business Challenges:
Aquifer effect
SPE 128603
Kv/Kh effect
< 30 ft
30-70 ft
> 70 ft
m>7 and/or
FGIIP > 1 TSCF
m>2 and/or
FGIIP > 200 BSCF
M<=2 and/or
FGIIP <= 200 BSCF
Mobility
Perm 500-1000 mD
Visc > 1cP
Aquifer
Strength
Reservoir
Geometry/Dip
Complex geometry
Large dip
uncertainty
Complex geometry
Small dip
uncertainty
Simple geometry
None or small dip
uncertainty
M Factor
Gas
Concurrent Oil & Gas
Development Strategy
M Factor
Frequency
Technical Initiatives
Technology Roles
Permeability, mD
10
Robust geological
understanding
and input
rock/fluid data
Well/completion
design/type/length/
offset
Holistic and
Integrated
development
concept
Adequate and reliable
simulation/prediction
(Grid, CTZ, HZ well,
smart comp.,etc.)
Transition Zone
Characterization and
modeling
New well
technology
applications (long
HZ, multi
lateral/target, etc.)
11
Production/Depletion Strategy
Gas Cap
Blowdown
Sequential
Development
Concurrent
Development
Swing
Development
The FDP, well design and philosophy, RMP is highly dependent on selected strategy
12
Reservoir
Management
Field Development
Strategy
Well type
Well length , spacing , stand off
Contact movements
GOR and production constraint
Coning, Cusping, Cresting
IOR/EOR
Gascap Blowdown
Sequential
Concurrent
Swing
Incorporated with IOR/EOR?
Robust static/dynamic models
Gas cap size
Aquifer size and extension
Driving mechanism contributions
13
Usually simplified!
Surface sample can be misleading
Both phases need to be sampled
Recombined with the GIIP/STOIIP
ratio
Reliable fluid model is a must
Modeling just Oil can be misleading
on the RF evaluation
Oil and Gas need to be modeled
together
Compositional grading and nonequilibrium concerns
(after Amyx, Bass and Whiting, 1960; courtesy of McGraw-Hill )
14
SPE 143983
SPE 145867
15
16
Non-Archie effects
Rock Type
Permeability
Heterogeneity
Pore size and Geometry
Wettability
Saturation history
Hysteresis
17
Resistivity Index
100
10
1
1
10
100
18
100
10
1
1
10
100
19
SPE 77545
IPTC 10238
SPE 143983
20
SPE 143983
21
Rock/fluid/Sor characterization
0.30
Sor
0.25
0.20
New Model
Original Model
0.15
0.10
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
Soi
OPR, OPT
EP-F
HZ
well and smart comp modeling
3000
3.2E+06
2500
2.4E+06
2000
OPR
OPT
OPR-MC_GI_PERM_ICD3_1
OPT-MC_GI_PERM_ICD3_1
OPR-MC_GI_MSW_1
OPT-MC_GI_MSW_1
1500
1000
1.6E+06
OPT (STB)
3.01
2.79
2.60
800000
500
0
2010
2015
2020
2025
Date (YEARS)
2030
0
2035
22
Girding scheme
SPE 89755
SPE 50646
23
Proposed Technique
Multi segmented well (MSW) model
Segment topology to honor the well path
Coupled to the reservoir model
24
25
26
Well Spacing
K-10 top of
Main Porosity
Distance to GOC/WOC
Lateral/perforation length
Smart Completion
A-02
A-01
Gas
Phase I wells
Phase II wells
East Belumut-3
A-07
1105
Perforations
Belumut-2
11
10
A-03 st3
East Belumut-1
1115
A-05
1120
A-10
A-06
11
25
Contours = 5m
Oil
Water
15
11
1130
A-04
113
5
Gas
Oil
Water
1 kilometer
27
Without ICD
With ICD
World wide
Installation Forecast!
(OTC-19172 )
28
World wide
Installation Forecast!
29
IOR/EOR Considerations
Water Injection
Injection at GOC (water fencing scheme)
Injection at WOC
No
Injection
32
2500
A-01
2000
A-02
Phase II wells
A-07
A-03 st3
111
0
1105
15
11
A-06
1000
A-04
50
100
150
200
250
Days
10
113
5
1 kilometer
14 m oil column
Known as non-commercial asset!
Optimization of well spacing and landing
200 m lateral spacing for Well A05 & A10
4 m, 6 m and 8 m above WOC
More oil production and delay WBT
A05
WOR
11
25
1500
A-05
A-10
1120
1130
A10
500
1115
Contours = 5m
A05
A10
0.1
0.01
0.001
1
10
Days
100
1000
33
34
35
Well-04 with 1.6 km length, 4500 BPD, 70% W-cut, Np of 1.5 MMSTB
Coil Tubing Unit clean out and PLT
Low (2.5 KBPD) and high (4.5 KBPD) rate flowing condition tested
Flow contribution from the entire wellbore
Even with ICD, there are more water from the heel
36
37
38
39
23%
20
32%
>34%
Accurate TZ characterization
Proper HZ and smart well modeling
Economical phase 3
Optimizing the number of wells
16%
27 Wells
Horizontal wells + ICD
Gas cap gas reinjection
4 m offset from OWC
40
Cases
Original FDP
41
375.4
7+4
38.3
383.1
GAS CAP
OIL RIM
Aquifer
41
2 km HZ well
Gas offtake effect
Aquifer effect
ICD vs SSD
42
Z1
Z2
U9.1
Z1
U9.2
Z2
U8.0
2500
U7.0
50
45
2000
40
35
1500
30
25
1000
20
Wcut (%)
10 m oil column
FCV with PDG application
Close performance monitoring
Valve optimization
PBU survey
15
500
10
5
19-Sep-1019-Oct-1018-Nov-10
18-Dec-1017-Jan-1116-Feb-11
18-Mar-11
17-Apr-11
17-May-11
Oil Rate (stb/d)
W/CUT
43
44
>50%
34%
Fencing at GOC
Periphery at WOC
No Further Action
75% Idle Wells
45
46
4 MMSTB STOIIP
8 m oil column
Gas cap size M ratio=1.7
Vertical well EUR=0.17 MMSTB
500 m Smart HZ Well EUR=0.9 MMSTB
UDC= USD 18/bbl
Oil column thickness as low as 5 m with HZ well with ICD
47
Gravity
Assisted
Simultaneous
Water
And
Gas Injection
Recovery mechanisms
Re-pressurizing reservoir
Sweeping remaining oil towards new wells
Improved vertical sweep using gravity assistance
Pushing attic oil back down to producers
Reduced Sor with respect to gas in water swept
layers
Oil column = 6 m
m = 2.0
Phi avg = 25 %, k avg = 500 md
Pini = 2100 psia, Tres = 226 deg F
Strong aquifer
With Equalizer
RF,%
Standard Sandscreen
Standard
Screen
15.46
Equalizer
18.75
49
3.2E+06
3.01
2.79
2.60
2.4E+06
2000
OPR
OPT
OPR-MC_GI_PERM_ICD3_1
OPT-MC_GI_PERM_ICD3_1
OPR-MC_GI_MSW_1
OPT-MC_GI_MSW_1
1500
1000
1.6E+06
OPT (STB)
2500
800000
500
0
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
0
2035
Date (YEARS)
OPR, OPT
MC_GI_2013_PHASE.UNSMRY
08 Mar 2011
FIELD
12500
2E+07
18.5
17.9
17.4
ICD+MSW
No ICD
1.6E+07
MSW
7500
1.2E+07
OPR
OPT
OPR-MC_GI_PERM_ICD3_1
OPT-MC_GI_PERM_ICD3_1
OPR-MC_GI_MSW_1
OPT-MC_GI_MSW_1
5000
2500
0
2010
8E+06
OPT (STB)
ICD Design
Tubing OD 5.5, ID 4.892
ICD port size 3/32
ICD interval 11m
10000
4E+06
2015
2020
2025
Date (YEARS)
2030
0
2035
50
~ 2m TV GOC
has receded
Original Field GOC
@ 1686.6 m TVDSS
Z2
Z3
Z4
Highest Known Water
in NL_A3ST2
@ 1695.2 m TVDSS
Z5
Z6
51
WEST
C12
J18/19/2
0
C17
C20
B12 & B12ST1
C12ST1
K2025
52
Closing Remarks:
Oil rim: good business opportunity with sweet headaches!
Integration of innovative technical initiatives and new technologies
Real time/integrated reservoir management, monitoring and
surveillances
Several gas fields and un-commercial assets turned in to attractive oil
rim developments
Success cases on oil column thickness as low as 3 m and STOIIP as
low as 3 MMSTB
Time to change our culture/mindset! Lets follow all the success
factors
Thank You!
Question?
-1.5 m
-Can we develop?!
54
Back Up Slides
55
Click on:
Section Evaluation
57