EMERGENCY

PREPAREDNESS

No matter how committed an

industrial company may be in terms of
occupational health and safety
program implementation, the
probability of an emergency may arise
at the least expected scenario. Should
this happen, do we know what to do?
Are we aware of our very own
emergency procedure?

EMERGENCY
A sudden, unexpected
occurrence demanding
immediate action.

Accident dont just

happened
they are caused.

Fire Safety

P.D. NO. 1185

OF THE PHILIPPINES AND

REGULATIONS

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1185

FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
WHEREAS, death and injury to persons and loss and
damage to property by fire have reached alarming
proportion that the economic and social gains of the
society are being continually undermined;
WHEREAS, in order to effect a meaningful reduction of
the alarming fire losses, there is a need to develop
national consciousness and involvement of all
persons in the prevention and suppression of fire;
WHEREAS, fire prevention and suppression require
the adoption of uniform fire safety standards, the
incorporation of fire safety construction and provision
of protective and safety devices in buildings and
structures;

WHEREAS, there is an urgent need for an emergency

primarily responsible for the implementation and
coordination of the activities of all sectors of society
on fire safety, prevention and suppression.
WHEREAS, in order to effectively implement all efforts
to minimize the occurrence of fires and their
destructive effects, full financial, equipment and
personnel support by the government and the private
sector in necessary

DECLARATION OF POLICIES
The following are declared policies of the State:
a. The government, with the cooperation of the
private sector, shall develop and promulgate sets
of standards and regulations taking into
consideration the latest development in fire
technology suitable to Philippine conditions;
b. Fire prevention and safety shall be given equal, if
not greater emphasis as the suppression, or
extinguishment of fire. Fire prevention shall be
undertaken continuously involving all sectors of
the community.

c. The Fire Service of the Integrated National Police shall

endeavor to respond to all fires before they reach
critical and conflagration stages. Towards this end, the
organization, administration and operation of the Fire
Service shall be improved and developed, its
personnel and equipment augmented and effective fire
alarm systems set-up; and

d. The Fire Service shall be professionalized. For this

purpose, educational institutions shall endeavor to
include in their curricula, courses on fire technology
and fire protection engineering.

RULE 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS

DIVISION 1 GENERAL
SEC. 1.103 REQUIRED FIRE SAFETY
PROGRAM / MEASURES
A.

In addition to the requirements provided for in Sec. 1.102, lessees or occupants of buildings, structure or facilities
shall observe all pertinent fire safety measures as set forth in P.D.1185 and in subsequent Rules of the Fire
Code.

B. All occupants or lessees of buildings, structures or

facilities shall organize themselves and develop and
implement fire safety programs to include among
others, fire prevention in the premises, notification
of the fire service to the existence of a fire,
evacuation of persons and initial fire fighting. The
building owner shall take the initiative of formulating
the fire safety program for his building and of
organizing the occupants to implement the program.

THE BEST WAY TO PREVENT THE OCCURRENCE

OF FIRE IS

TO HAVE

NO FIRE
AT ALL

THRU:

EDUCATION / ORIENTATION

ESTABLISHMENT OF FIRE BRIGADE
ORGANIZATION

EXERCISE / TRAINING
- FIRE DRILL
- HANDS-ON FIRE EXTINGUISHER

IGNITION SOURCES OF FIRE

ELECTRICAL

23%

CUTTING & WELDING

4%

SMOKING

18%

EXPOSURE

3%

FRICTION

10%

INCENDIARISM

3%

OVERHEATED MATERIALS -

8%

MECHANICAL SPARKS

2%

HOT SURFACE

7%

MOLTEN SUBSTANCES

2%

BURNER FLAMES

7%

CHEMICAL ACTION

1%

COMBUSTION SPARKS

5%

STATIC SPARKS

1%

SPONTANEOUS IGNITION

4%

LIGHTING

1%

MISCELLANEOUS

1%

Chemistry and Physics of Fire

FIRE
is a rapid, self-sustaining oxidation process
accompanied by the evolution of heat and light
-is the combination of combustible materials (fuel) with
oxygen in the presence of enough heat.
Oxidation - the act or process of combining with oxygen.

Products of Fire

Flame
Heat
Smoke
Fire Gases

Fire Gases

 Carbon Monoxide
 Carbon Dioxide
 Ammonia
 Hydrogen Chloride
 Sulfur Dioxide

Classes of Fire
Class A
Occur in ordinary combustible materials such as wood, paper,
rugs and rubbish.
Class B
Occur in vapor-air mixture over the surface of flammable liquids,
such as gasoline, oil, thinners.
Class C
Occur in or near energized electrical equipment where nonconducting extinguishing agents must be used.
Class D
Occur in combustible metals, such as magnesium, potassium,
powdered aluminum, zinc.

TRIANGLE OF FIRE

HEAT

FUEL

OXYGEN

TETRAHEDRON
FUEL

HEAT
CHEMICAL
CHAIN
REACTION

OXYGEN

INCIPIENT PHASE or beginning of fire

oxygen is plentiful
Temp has not built to high peak
Breathing not difficult
Direct water application
Ventilation: not a problem
Little steam production

FREE BURNING PHASE fire begins to deplete the

rooms oxygen supply and temperature greatly
increased.

Fire has involved more fuels

Oxygen supply is being depleted
Heat accumulates at ceiling
SCBA is a must
Ventilation: not a definite need
Good steam production

SMOLDERING PHASE after oxygen content of the air

falls below 15%, the fire enters a smoldering phase
where flame may cease but dense smoke and heat
completely fill the room.

Oxygen supply is below 15%

Temp is very high
Normal breathing not possible
Back draft hazard
Fire extinguishment: indirect method
Ventilation is a must

CONDUCTION transmission of heat from one

substance to another by direct contact from
molecules.
CONVECTION transmission of heat through
contact with molecules of hot gases when molecules
of gases move upward and transmits to any other
surface.
RADIATION transmission of heat from a source
even through space.

Fire Control Methods

Cooling
Smothering
Starvation
Inhibition

Is an appliance designated to be
carried and operated by hand
containing an extinguisher
medium which can be expelled
by the action of internal
pressure and be directed on to a
fire.


Be kept fully charged and in their designated

places

Be located along normal paths of travel

Not to be obstructed or obscured from view

Not to be mounted higher than 5 (1.5m.) to the top
of the extinguisher, if they weigh 40 lbs (18kg.) or
less but heavier, not more than 3.5 (1m.)


Be inspected by at least monthly to make sure

they are in their designated location, not tampered
with nor actuated and do not have corrosion nor
other impairments.

Re-charge or repair to ensure operability and
safety. A tag should show the date and signature
of the person performing the service.

Be hydrostatically tested.


Be selected on the basis of hazard, degree and

area to be protected.

Located on the maximum travel distance, unless
there are extremely hazardous conditions. Do not
exceed 75 (23m.) for Class A extinguishers or 50
(15m.) for Class B extinguishers.

Report used extinguishers

Watch for tampering

Recharge properly

Do not mix dry chemicals

Watch for corrosion

Keep nozzle clean

Check for low pressure

Conduct regular inspection

Types of Portable FX
Carbon Dioxide
Dry Chemical (Ordinary & MultiPurpose)
Aqueous Film Forming Foam
(AFFF)
Halon 123
Dry Powder

General Operating Steps

PULL the pin.
AIM the nozzle.
SQUEZZE the lever.
SWEEP from side-to-side.

FIRST AID IS AN IMMEDIATE CARE

GIVEN TO A PERSON WHO HAS BEEN
INJURED OR SUDDENLY TAKEN ILL.
IT INCLUDES SELF-HELP AND HOME
CARE IF MEDICAL ASSISTANCE IS
NOT AVAILABLE OR DELAYED.



To alleviate suffering.
To prevent added/ further
injury or danger.

To prolong life.

EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES

Survey the scene

Do a primary survey of the victim

Activate Medical Assistance/(AMA) or

Transfer Facility

Do a secondary survey of the victim

is a break in the continuity of the

body either internal or external.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:

Pain and tenderness

Vomiting or cough-up blood

Swelling

Passage of blood in the urine

Discoloration

Sign of blood along mouth,

Hematoma
Uncontrolled restlessness
Thirst
Symptoms of Shock

nose and ear canal

- ice application

- compression

- elevation

- splint or immobilize

Puncture
Abrasion
Incision
Laceration
Avulsion

First Aid Management

Wound with severe bleeding
C

- control bleeding

- cover wound with dressing

- care for shock

- consult or refer to physician

Wound with bleeding not severe (home care)

clean the wound with soap and water
apply mild antiseptics
cover wound with dressing and bandage

Is an injury involving the skin,

including muscles, bones, nerves
and blood vessels. This results
from heat, chemicals, electricity or
solar or other forms of radiation.

First Aid Management

First-Degree and Second-Degree Burns
relieve pain by immersing the burned area in cold water
or by applying a wet, cold cloth. If cold water is
unavailable, use any cold liquid you drink to reduce the
burned skins temperature.
Cover the burn with a dry, non-sticking, sterile dressing
or a clean cloth.

First Aid Management

Third-Degree Burns
cover the burn with a dry, non-sticking, sterile dressing
or a clean cloth.
treat the victim for shock by elevating the legs and
keeping the victim warm with a clean sheet or blanket

is a rapid movement of victim from unsafe place

to a place of safety/

is moving a victim from one place to another

after giving first aid.

EMERGENCY
PROCEDURES

What to do..

Act quickly! Protect your body from falling debris

by getting under a sturdy desk, table or doorway

Keep away from glass windows and free standing

furniture

When outside, stay away from tall buildings,

move to an open field

At the end of the initial shock, evacuate building

when given clearance by the Chief Marshal

Go the the Assembly Area at the open field.

If you discover a fire..

What to do
Activate fire alarm (break glass)
Call for help, inform Fire Hotline (loc. 333)
Try to extinguish the fire if you are trained to do so.
Do not take any personal risks.
Follow instructions of Evacuation Team Guide.
Proceed to the Assembly Area.

break seal / remove pin

release hose / nozzle from holder

test for good operation by squeezing lever

briefly before approaching the fire

extinguish the fire to within 6-8 feet and aim at

the base of the fire

sweep the nozzle back and forth until fire is

completely extinguished.

What to do

on hearing the continuous alarm signal, gather vital personal

effects and go for the nearest exit near you.

go to the Assembly Area at the open field.

If you are away from normal work floor, obey instructions

from that floor.

do not attempt to return to your own floor.

notify Security Office (loc. 2261)

prevent other personnel from going into the area

security will take any other action required

What to do
if a bomb or suspicious object is discovered do
not touch it, clear the area
notify security office (loc. 2261)
prevent other personnel from going into the area
security will take any other action required

attract the attention of another staff member to

ring Loc. 2261, give details

record details of threat as per procedure given: do

not hang up your phone

try to record exact words; keep the caller

TALKING (try to obtain as much as information as
possible)

security will take further action required

 when is the bomb going to explode?

where is it right now?
what does it look like?
what kind of bomb is it?
what will cause the bomb to explode?
who place the bomb?
why?
where are you?
What is your name?
DO NOT HANG UP THE PHONE

EMERGENCY SITUATIONS:

most Sr. Security Officer On-Duty shall respond

when an emergency arising from fire, earthquake and
explosions occurs upon notice given by the Chief
Marshall

the compound shall be cordoned to prevent

unauthorized persons entry

Security Officers shall supervise crowd control to

prevent employees and looters around the affected
area.

Follow the safe and orderly evacuations of

employees to the assembly area.