DEFINITION OF

METHODOLOGY
Methodology is a word generated from three words of Greek origin: met
("Beyond"), LL ("way") and logos ("study"). The concept refers to the research plan
that lets meet certain objectives within the framework of a science. Significantly,
the methodology can also be applied in the arts, when it conducts a rigorous
observation. Therefore, one can understand the methodology and the set of
procedures that determine a research scientist type or set the course of doctrinal
exposition.
In the field of social sciences, the use of the methodology focuses on the reality of
a society to reach a certain and decisive conclusion about an episode taking
advantage of observation and practical work typical of all science.
The distinction between the method (name given to each selected plan to achieve
a goal) and methodology (branch that studies the method) is important. The
methodologist not engaged in analyzing and verifying knowledge already obtained
and accepted by science: their task is to track and adopting valid strategies to
increase such knowledge.
It refers to the path or set of rational procedures used to achieve the target or
range of targets governing scientific research, an exhibition doctrinal2 or tasks that
require skills, knowledge or specific care. Often it can be defined as the study
methodology or choice of an appropriate method or properly applicable to certain
objeto.3

Methodology should not call any procedure, because it is a concept which in most
cases is too large, it is preferable to use the word method. It is also know that there
is a ametdica position and even a tendency
Philosophical terms
In principle, there is a relevant discussion about the possible relevance between
classes methods or method regarding the nature of the objects of research. This
issue is especially important with regard to the human sciences.

The methodology is one of the specific stages of a job or project of a theoretical

position and leads a selection of specific techniques (or methods) on the procedure
for carrying out tasks related to research, work or project.

In the description of an appropriate methodology, the philosophical position is

oriented by the following lines:

Rationalism, as opposed to empiricism, emphasizes the role of reason in research

Pragmatic, that is the way the project elements influence meaning.
Epistemological constructivism constructivism, in which knowledge is developed
from assumptions (hypothesis) investigator.
Criticism also epistemological, which sets limits to knowledge through careful study
of possibilities.
Skepticism, doubt or disbelief about the truth or effectiveness of the generally
accepted as valid.
Positivism, derived from epistemology says that the only authentic knowledge is
scientific knowledge.
Hermeneutics, who plays the knowledge.

3.1 type of methodology

There are 3 types of method or methods:
descriptive methodology

Descriptive Research, also known as statistical research, describes the data and
this should have an impact on the lives of the people around you. For example, the
search for the most common disease that affects children of a city. The research
reader know what to do to prevent this disease, therefore, more people live a
healthy life.

The objective of descriptive research is to get to know the situations prevailing

customs and attitudes through the exact description of activities, objects,
processes and people. The main objective is to know the why and that is being
made.
The purpose of the research is to describe situations and events. That is, say how
and certain phenomenon occurs. Descriptive studies seek to specify the important
properties of individuals, groups, communities or any other phenomenon that is
subjected to analysis measure or evaluate various aspects, dimensions or
components of the phenomenon or phenomena to investigate. From the scientific
point of view, described is measured. This is a descriptive study a number of

issues selected and each is measured independently, so-and forgive the

redundancia-- describe what is investigated.
Qualitative methodology

The qualitative methodology is one of two research methodologies that have

traditionally been used in the empirical sciences. It is opposed to the quantitative
methodology. It focuses on the aspects not susceptible quantization.

This type of methodology is characteristic of a phenomenological scientific

approach. Such an approach to science has its origins in anthropology, where a
holistic understanding is intended, that is, overall the phenomenon studied, not
translatable into mathematical terms. The characteristic assumption of this
paradigm is that "subjectivity" can not only be a source of knowledge but also
methodological budget and object of science itself. Examples of this type of
methodological approach ethnography, ethnomethodology, ecological research,
among others.

qualitative methodology

Be inductive; as a result, it presents a flexible research design, with vaguely

worded questions. Even, you can incorporate findings that were not originally
planned, and that help to better understand the phenomenon studied. So if we take
the study of discourse of the teacher in the classroom, can be detected at a time
other phenomena, such as the contributions of students who do not seem to be
related to the educational goal of the class, and that escape apparently the object
of study immediately, but that might be interesting to better understand the object
of study or as a starting point for further research.
Having a holistic, global perspective of the phenomenon studied, without reducing
the subject to variable. This means that qualitative methodology is not interested in
studying a phenomenon acotndolo but who studies taking into account all the
elements that surround it. For example, qualitative research is interested to
continue with the same-for example by the speech of the teacher in the classroom,
but not to dimension with variables such as: number of students in the classroom,
number of hours taught by Professor, levels of students, etc ....
Seek to understand rather than to establish cause-effect relationships between
phenomena. In the case in point illustration, it does not seek to account for why the
teacher's speech has certain distinctive features, but rather to describe the speech.

Consider the researcher as a measuring instrument. The researcher can

participate in research, even be the subject of the investigation, since it considers
introspection as a valid scientific method.
Carry out intensive studies on a small scale. Not interested in studying a
representative population universe studied, as suggested by the quantitative
methodology, but few subjects in depth analysis. In this sense, we can say that
generalization is not looking, but the specificity of the observed reality.
Proposed not generally test theories or hypothesis, but rather generate them. It is,
rather, a method of generating theories and hypotheses, which open future
research.
The process description is not only the collection and storage of data and its
corresponding tab, but that relates to conditions and connections, practices that
are valid, views of people, views, attitudes and processes remain on going.
Descriptive studies focus on measuring the explanatory discover. The researcher
must define who is going to measure and who will be involved in this measurement
The deductive method: it is part of the general data is accepted as valid in order to
reach a conclusion of a particular type.
The inductive method: in which part of the particulars serve to reach general
conclusions
The scientific method is the way that is well planned and the strategy followed to
discover the various properties and characteristics of the study object
Propuesta
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4.2.1 first aid

What is first aid?

First aid, are urgent therapeutic measures that apply to victims of accidents or
sudden illness until we have specialized treatment. The purpose of first aid is to
relieve pain and anxiety of wounded or sick and prevent the worsening of his
condition. In extreme cases they are necessary to prevent death until medical
assistance is obtained.

First aid vary according to the needs of the victim and the rescuer as knowledge.
Knowing what not to do is as important as knowing what to do, because a poorly
applied therapeutic measure can lead to serious complications. For example, acute
appendicitis a mild laxative may endanger the patient's life.
importance
First Aid can be applied in many circumstances, such as fainting, fractures, bites or
insect bites, shock, sunburn, among others.
We are daily exposed to situations that may affect our health and we are not
always aware of it; we think that will happen to others before us.
However, it is necessary to promote in others and in ourselves a culture of
prevention through which we are protected.
One is to learn about first aid. While they are practices that many know and do not
give them the importance that we should, it is elemental to know how to deal with
emergencies that arise reach.

First Aid can be applied in many circumstances, such as fainting, fractures, bites or
insect bites, shock, sunburn, among others. The actions to be taken in each are
different but there is something special that draws our attention when we hear
about first aid: CPR, also known as CPR.

When we realize this culture represents great benefits such as financial savings.
Having anticipated a possible illness and purchase insurance major medical
expenses, we can see that there are several options to apply.
First aid is the immediate
person, before it reaches
before being transferred
knowledge of the person
should never pretend to
appeal.

care given to a sick or injured at the scene of the events

the trained personnel in charge of the situation, or done
to a hospital or hospital. . First aid is limited to the
applying it according to their knowledge, so the rescuer
replace the medical staff, can be first instance or on

Sequence attention
For example, if we find an unconscious and suspicion of receiving an electric shock
or electrocution person, the person who will attend to must be sure that the same
thing will not happen. You should check that the area is safe. If anyone else in the
crash, should give instructions to request emergency services, giving the following
information: 1. Provide phone number from which you are calling, if known. 2.
Provide location of the place where the victim 3. Describe the kind of urgency that
the victim is experiencing. 4. Describe the type of assistance that is being provided.
5. 6. Say your name what other help you need: fire, police, etc.

Then patient assessment is made.

1. Secondary assessment of the patient.

2. Assessment of consciousness:

how the victim will be asked is, how it is. If you answer it is unmistakable symbol of
that breathes and has a pulse. If you do not answer, pinching lightly on the
shoulders; if it reacts, follow the previous conduct; in case of death, call emergency
services as soon as possible.

A quick way to evaluate awareness is whether or unresponsive

Alert. He is awake, talking.

Verbal. Answer the call, when we raise our voices and call How is it?

Pain. Responds to pain, pinched him and reacts to gestures and grunts.
Unconscious. Not responding.
2. neurological assessment by the Glasgow scale: evaluation of motor response.

4.2.2 Classification of types of disruptive agents.

- Disturbing phenomena

The disturbing phenomena are classified into two types:

Natural:
Anthropogenic

1.1 disruptive natural phenomena

1.1.1 In geological origin
Natural geological phenomena are caused by the movements of
the earth's crust as earthquakes, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, example
They are:
The earthquakes or 19 and September 20, 1985
or Chichonal volcano's eruption in 1982
o The Colima volcano eruption in 1991
o The eruption of Popocatepetl or mudslides or snow avalanche
They have caused multiple damages, since 1841

1.1.2 In hydrometeorological
Within the classification of calamities, natural phenomena type
hydrometeorological by its impact are the most affected humanity and
this is due to atmospheric and climate changes, example is:
or Hurricane
or Tropical Cyclones

or torrential rain, thus river floods and storm,

or blizzards, hail and electrical
or extreme temperatures, such as frost and snow
or winter storm and snow storms
or Thaw
or Drought
or dust storms
Strong winds or
Susceptibility or regional land subsidence
or Landslide
or Cracking
or tsunami, big wave caused by a local or distant tsunami causing
great destruction and human victims.
or excessive rainfall or dam failures, causing significant damage and
human victims, as Hurricane Gilbert that hit Cancun and Monterrey
in 1988 a representative phenomenon has been the Pauline in October
1997 left death and destruction in the states of Guerrero and Oaxaca.

Currently we see in Mexico City, torrential rains, affecting

Dramatically roads, that is, there is involvement in our daily lives,
example can be found in the disaster occurred in the Valle de Chalco
caused by a disturbing phenomenon that caused the hydrometeorological
Company river overflow.

1.- 2.- disturbing phenomena of anthropogenic origin

Speaking of anthropogenic phenomena we refer to three types, namely:

1.2.1 Chemical Phenomena - Technology

They are caused by spills of solvents, gas leaks, or those caused by

the mismanagement of chemicals.

In our country disruptants chemical-technological origin higher

incidence are fires and explosions, radiation leaks substances
toxic, poisoning, etc.
Examples include:
o The series of explosions on April 22, 1992 in Carian sections of
drain pan on the reform in Guadalajara, Jalisco sector.
or explosion in San Juanico gassed in 1984.
Biomedical or explosion in University City, just to mention
some of the chemical-technological phenomena occurring in our country.

1.2.2 Health Phenomena - Ecological

Are those related to the health of the individual, here stands the
air pollution, water and soil, the man himself that brings
Consequently epidemics, plagues and desertification caused by
man, acid rain.