Spec
Biostatistics Team
Mohamad Adam Bin Hj. Bujang
Abdul Muneer Abdul Hamid
Premaa a/p Supramaniam
Tassha Hilda Adnan
Nurina Musta'ani Bt Hamedon
Siti Sara Bt Mat Lazim
Mariana Bt Mohamad Ali
Nor Aizura Bt Zulkifli
Shahrul Aiman Bin Soelar
Evi Diana Omar
Nurakmal Baharum
Nadiah Binti Saat
Tg Mohd Ikhwan B. Tg Abu Bakar Sidik
Let's Calculate NA
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Description:
Julious (2005) recommends a minimum sample size of 12 per group as a rule of thumb and justifies this
Suggested citation:
Julious SA. Sample size of 12 per group rule of thumb for a pilot study. Pharmaceutical Statistics 2005 4
Description:
Sim and Lewis (2012) suggest a sample size of at least 50 per group.
Suggested citation:
Sim J, Lewis M: The size of a pilot study for a clinical trial should be calculated in relation to considerat
as a rule of thumb and justifies this based on rationale about feasibility and precision about the mean and variance.
calculated in relation to considerations of precision and efficiency. J Clin Epidemiol 2012, 65:301-308.
:301-308.
Unpaired
Type of data : Numerical
Significant level () : 0.05
Power (1-) : 0.80
Objective
EXAMPLE
1.
2.
3.
4.
Note: SD = Standard Deviation
Description:
Sample size estimation was performed using two population means formulae (Lemeshow, Hosmer, Klar,
of {Objective} of the {Group 1} group are {Mean in Group 1} and {SD in Group 1}, respectively. If the
Group 2}, we will need to study {Sample Size Per Group} samples per group to be able to reject the null
test of this null hypothesis is 0.05. We will use an independent t-test statistic to evaluate this null hypothe
Per Group} samples per group.
Hypothesis (Equality)
References
Lemeshow S., Hosmer D. W., Klar J., Lwanga S. K., & Organization W. H. (1990). Adequacy of sample s
Group 1
Mean
41.670
SD
4.590
Group 2
Mean
40.220
SD
4.055
Drop-out :
Corrected Sample Size Per Group :
ormulae (Lemeshow, Hosmer, Klar, Lwanga, & Organization, 1990). Prior data indicate that the mean and standard deviation
SD in Group 1}, respectively. If the mean and standard deviation of {Group 2} group are {Mean in Group 2} and {SD in
er group to be able to reject the null hypothesis with probability (power) 0.8. The Type I error probability associated with this
statistic to evaluate this null hypothesis. With an additional of 20% dropout rate, the sample size is {Corrected Sample Size
20%
0 samples
1990). Prior data indicate that the mean and standard deviation
ation of {Group 2} group are {Mean in Group 2} and {SD in
ity (power) 0.8. The Type I error probability associated with this
20% dropout rate, the sample size is {Corrected Sample Size
140.0334
157.30
0.00
122.77
Click
Output
Paired t-test/Depen
Type of data : Numerical
Significant level () : 0.05
Power (1-) : 0.80
Objective
EXAMPLE
1.
2.
3.
4.
Note: SD = Standard Deviation
Description:
Sample size estimation was performed using the population means formulae (Lemeshow, Hosmer, Klar, L
of {Objective} of the {Time 1} are {Mean in Time 1} and {SD in Time 1}, respectively. If the mean and
to study {Sample Size} samples to be able to reject the null hypothesis with probability (power) 0.8. The
use an Paired t-test statistic to evaluate this null hypothesis. With an additional of 20% dropout rate, the s
Hypothesis (Equality)
References
Lemeshow S., Hosmer D. W., Klar J., Lwanga S. K., & Organization W. H. (1990). Adequacy of sample s
Time 1
Mean
41.670
SD
4.590
Time 2
Mean
40.220
SD
4.055
Drop-out :
Corrected Sample Size :
rmulae (Lemeshow, Hosmer, Klar, Lwanga, & Organization, 1990). Prior data indicate that the mean and standard deviation
me 1}, respectively. If the mean and standard deviation of {Time 2} are {Mean in Time 2} and {SD in Time 2}, we will need
s with probability (power) 0.8. The Type I error probability associated with this test of this null hypothesis is 0.05. We will
additional of 20% dropout rate, the sample size is {Corrected Sample Size} samples.
Sample Size
79
20%
0 samples
1990). Prior data indicate that the mean and standard deviation
ime 2} are {Mean in Time 2} and {SD in Time 2}, we will need
ssociated with this test of this null hypothesis is 0.05. We will
Sample Size} samples.
78.6497
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
78.65
0.00
61.38
Click
Output
Objective
EXAMPLE
1.
2.
3.
4.
Description:
Sample size estimation was performed using two population proportions formulae (Lemeshow, Hosmer, K
{Objective} of the {Group 1} group is {Proportion in Group 1}. If the proportion of {Group 2} group is
reject the null hypothesis with probability (power) 0.8. The Type I error probability associated with this te
null hypothesis. With an additional of 20% dropout rate, the sample size is {Corrected Sample Size} sam
Hypothesis (Equality)
References
Lemeshow S., Hosmer D. W., Klar J., Lwanga S. K., & Organization W. H. (1990). Adequacy of sample s
Group 1
Group 2
Proportion
0.800
Proportion
0.667
Drop-out :
Corrected Sample Size Per Group :
ons formulae (Lemeshow, Hosmer, Klar, Lwanga, & Organization, 1990). Prior data indicate that the proportion of
he proportion of {Group 2} group is {Proportion in Group 2}, we will need to study {Sample Size} samples to be able to
or probability associated with this test of this null hypothesis is 0.05. We will use an Pearson Chi-square test to evaluate this
ize is {Corrected Sample Size} samples.
est
20%
0 samples
172.2893
0.00
Click
Output
Click
Descriptive Sta
Type of data : Categorical
Significant level () : 0.05
Precision : 0.10
1.
2.
3.
4.
Objective
EXAMPLE
gait, balance & fear of falling
Description:
Sample size estimation was performed using the population proportion formulae (Lemeshow, Hosmer, Kl
is {Proportion}. If the Type I error probability and precision are 0.05 and {Precision}, we will need to stu
{Corrected Sample Size} samples.
References
Lemeshow S., Hosmer D. W., Klar J., Lwanga S. K., & Organization W. H. (1990). Adequacy of sample s
Descriptive Statistics
Proportion
0.733
0.300
Population Size
Drop-out :
Corrected Sample Size :
n formulae (Lemeshow, Hosmer, Klar, Lwanga, & Organization, 1990). Prior data indicate that the proportion of {Objective}
and {Precision}, we will need to study {Sample Size} samples. With an additional of 20% dropout rate, the sample size is
Sample Size
76
81
20%
102 samples
75.1816
80.6706
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
81
101.25
Click
Output
Relibility Analysis
1.
2.
3.
4.
Objective
EXAMPLE
mix
Description:
References
Bujang Mohamad Adam, Ghani Puzziawati Ab, Soelar Shahrul Aiman, Zulkifli Nor Aizura. Sample size
scales, Statistics in Science, Business, and Engineering (ICSSBE), 2012. doi: 10.1109/ICSSBE.2012.639
Number of Scales
4
11
Rule of Thumb
1:3
1:3
Drop-out :
Corrected Sample Size :
ated to {Objective}. A {Number of Scales}-point Likert scale will be used, ranging from {Minimum of Scale} = {Definition of Scale}
r analysis purposes, Bujang, Ghani, Soelar and Zulkifli (2012) emphasised {Rule of Thumb} as rule of thumb to calculate the sample si
mples.
n, Zulkifli Nor Aizura. Sample size guideline for exploratory factor analysis when using small sample: Taking into considerations of diff
012. doi: 10.1109/ICSSBE.2012.6396605
Sample Size
63
45
20%
57 samples
45
56
Depression