Experment 6

Characterstc of a permanent magnet dc motor

Aim of the experiment
Study the characteristics of a permanent magnet dc motor.Since the DC motor
studied in this experiment is going to be used in other experiment understanding
the motor characteristics is important for the controlling.

Motor
Applied
Voltage
Current
(Amper
es)
Speed
(rev/se
c)

10

10.1
2

0.11

0.04

0.04

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.06

0.07

0.07

11

14

24

31

38

41

42

motor output speed vs. input voltage

45
40
35
30

motor output speed

vs. input voltage

25
20
15
10
5
0
0

10

12

As you see from the graph speed proportional to the applied voltage .

For
6V
No

Curre
nt
0.05A

Spee
d
24V

Load
Load
ed

0.4 A

12V

We saw that current increased and the speed decreased.They are inversely
proportional.
f we apply negative (-) 12 volts (Reversed);

Motor
Applied
Voltage
Current
(Amper
es)
Speed
(rev/se
c)

-1

-2

-3

-4

-6

-8

-9

-10

-10.6

-0.08

-0.07

-0.07

-0.08

-0.09

-0.09

-0.10

-0.10

-0.10

12

16

26

33

38

44

44

For -12 Volt

50
40
30

For -12 Volt

20
10
0
0

10

12

*In this figure, changing voltage properties effect the starting speed of the motor
it is because of the back e.m.f effect. When Applied current is sufficient to rotate
the rotor then there will be no back e.m.f so current will decrease. And then it is
increasing linearly.
*Direction of rotation is reversed.Its direction became counterclockwise from
clockwise.
*As you see from the datas the same speed range will be seen after a while.

* No load current is not same as you see from the the experimental data.
Because a parallel load is added to the circuit which means armature current
will decrease as a result of decreasing armature speed. Speed of rotor is directly
proportionally to the current on the armature.
Problem 1 : Types of D.C. Generators
According to the way in which their fields are excited, generators are classified
into:
1.Separately excited D.C. Generator
are those whose fieldmagnets are energized from an independent source of D.C.
Current. Separately excitedgenerators are often used in feedback control
systems when control of thearmature voltage over a wide range is required.

2. Self excited D.C. Generators ; are those whose fieldmagnets are energized
by the currents produced by the generatorsthemselves.
There are 3 types of self-excited D.C. Generators named according tothe manner
in which their field coils are connected to the armature.These are :
Shunt wound D.C. Generator
Series wound D.C. Generator
Compound wound D.C. Generator
3.Shunt wound D.C. Generator
have field windings and armature windings connectedin parallel (shunt). The
output varies inversely with load current. It contains many turnsof fine wires.
When a generator is in operation, whether or not it is delivering loadcurrent, the
shunt field is always excited.

4. Series wound D.C. Generator

have field windings and armature windings connectedin series. Outputs vary
directly with load currents. Series-wound generators have few practical
applications. It has few turns of heavy wires. When a generator is in operation,the
series field is excited only when a load current is being supplied. In series
generator,therefore, the terminal voltage is very low at light loads because of the
excitation or loadcurrent is low.

Problem 2:
Series Wound

The series DC motor is an industry workhorse for both high and low power,
fixed and variable speed electric drives.
Applications range from cheap toys to automotive applications.
They are inexpensive to manufacture and are used in variable speed
household appliances such as sewing machines and power tools.
Its high starting torque makes it particularly suitable for a wide range of
traction applications.
Shunt Wound
Fixed speed applications such as automotive windscreen wipers and fans.
Separately Excited

Train and automotive traction applications.

Universal Motors
Universal motors are often used in power tools and household appliances
such as vacuum cleaners and food mixers.
Problem 3:
DC machines continue to be widely used in many applications including
mining. No comprehensive condition monitoring tools for large industrial
DC machines are available on the market. . Here focuse on the analysis of
experimental data obtained in steady state at different loading and speed.
After initial evaluation of the machine steady state performance, spectral
characteristics of the experimentally obtained armature current, armature
voltage, flux density under the main pole and flux density in the
commutation zone are developed. Frequency components revealed in the
spectra are discussed with relation to their cause, role in brush and
commutator wear and their importance for the condition monitoring tool
development.