DC Machines!

1. Explain the significance of using laminated iron sheets instead of

solid iron for the core of DC machine armatures. Use at most two
simple sentences.!
2. Explain how you can design a DC machine that has a high voltage
rating. Use at most three simple sentences.!
!
3. What is armature reaction? What are its effects on the operation of
DC machines? What are the design techniques that minimize the
adverse effects of armature reaction? Use at most five simple
sentences.!

1. How are interpole and compensating windings useful in a DC

machine? Use at most three simple sentences.!
2. Explain how the voltage builds up in a self-excited DC generator.
Use at most three simple sentences.!
3. Explain how you can vary the speed of a DC motor. Use at most
three simple sentences.!

A separately excited shunt dc motor has an armature resistance of 0.1 ohms. With the field current
set to a constant level, the motor runs at 1200 RPM while taking an armature current of 50 amperes at
120 volts. If the mechanical load changes such that it takes 95 amperes at 120 volts, determine the
new motor speed in RPM.!

ANSWER: 1153.04 rpm!

For Questions 12 to 16: A 33-kW 220-volt 1800-rpm separately excited dc shunt generator has
armature resistance of 0.2 ohms and field resistance of 100 ohms. Initially, the field voltage is set to
220 volts. A load is connected such that the generator operates at rated conditions. Assume
rotational losses are constant at 1000 watts.!
What is the field current?!
What is the armature current?!
What is the internal generated voltage?!
What is the overall efficiency of this generator?!
Suppose that, from its initial value, the field voltage dropped to 200 volts. If the load still draws
rated power, what will be the new terminal voltage?!
For Questions 1 to 5: A 33-kilowatt 1800-rpm 220-volt separately-excited dc shunt generator has
armature resistance of 0.1 ohms and field resistance of 100 ohms. Initially, the field voltage is set to
220 volts. An electrical load is connected such that the generator operates at rated conditions.
Neglect effects of saturation.!
Determine the field current.!
Determine the armature current.!
Determine the internal generated voltage (Eg).!
If mechanical rotational losses were zero, determine the overall efficiency of this generator.!
Suppose that the field voltage dropped from its initial value to 200 volts. If the load still draws
rated power, determine the new terminal voltage.!
!

ANSWERS: If = 2.2 A; Ia = 150 A; Eg = 250 V; n = 85.71%; Vt = 158.31 V!

For Questions 17 to 21: An 18-kW 125-volt 1200-rpm self-excited shunt dc generator has armature
resistance of 0.1 ohms and field resistance of 125 ohms. The machine is operated at full-load
conditions.!
Determine the load current.!
Determine the internal generated voltage.!
Determine the internal torque developed.!
If the rotational losses are 1% of the output power, determine the efficiency at full load.!
With the internal generated voltage maintained at its full-load value, if the load is suddenly
disconnected, determine the new terminal voltage.!
Determine the voltage regulation for this generator.!

ANSWERS: IL = 144 A; Eg = 139.3 V; Te = 143Laf; n = 88.45%; Eg (no-load) = 139.19 V; VR = 11.35%!

For Questions 7 to 11: A 250-volt self-excited shunt dc motor has armature resistance of 0.5ohms
and field resistance of 250 ohms. At rated voltage, the motor draws a total load current of 5 amperes
at no load, and 37.1 amperes at full load.!
Determine the rotational losses. (HINT: You can solve this using the no-load conditions.)!
Determine the mechanical power rating of this dc motor (in HP or in kW).!
Assuming rotational losses are constant at their value in #1, determine the efficiency at full-load.!
At startup, if this dc motor is directly connected to rated terminal voltage, determine the starting
armature current.!
It is desired that during startup, the starting armature current should not exceed twice the full-load
armature current. Determine the minimum value of external armature resistances that must be
inserted with the armature circuit to satisfy this condition.!
!
For Questions 6 to 10: A 125-volt self-excited shunt dc motor has armature resistance of 0.2ohms
and field resistance of 250 ohms. At rated voltage, the motor draws a total current of 5amperes at noload and 37.1 amperes at full-load. Neglect effects of saturation.!
What will be the armature current at full-load?!
What will be the developed power in the motor at full-load?!
What will be the rotational losses at the mechanical side? Assume it is constant in both the noload and full-load conditions.!
At startup, if this dc motor is directly connected to rated terminal voltage, determine the maximum
expected starting armature current.!
It is desired that during startup, the starting armature current should not exceed 50 amperes.
Determine the minimum value of external armature resistances that must be inserted in series
with the armature circuit to satisfy this condition.!
!
ANSWERS: Prot = 992 W; Prating = Pout (full load) = 7363.345 W; n = 79.39%; Ia (startup) = 500 A; 2.87 ohms!