CHAPTER 17 - FOURIER TRANSFORM

List of topics for this chapter :

Fourier Transform and its Properties
Circuit Applications
Parsevals Theorem
Applications

FOURIER TRANSFORM AND ITS PROPERTIES

Find the Fourier Transform of the pulse shown in Figure 17.1.

Problem 17.1

f(t)
2

10

1
0

10
Figure 17.1
We begin with the derivative of f(t).

df ( t )
= ( t + 2) + ( t + 1) + ( t 1) ( t 2)
dt
Transforming this into the frequency domain yields,
jF() = ej2 + ej + ej ej2 = 2cos(2) 2cos()
Therefore,
F() =

Find the inverse Fourier transforms of the following,

Problem 17.2

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

2(cos( 2) cos())
j

10/[(j)(j + 5)]
5j/[(j + 1)(j + 2)]
(2 j)/(2 + 4j + 3)
3()/[(j + 2)(j + 3)]

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Now to find the inverse transforms.

10
A
B
,
= +
s(s + 5) s s + 5

(a)

F(s) =

Therefore,

F() = (2/j) (2/(j + 5))

f(t) = sgn(t) 2e5tu(t)

Transforming,
(b)

A = 10/5 = 2 and B = 10/5 = 2

5s
A
B
5s
=
=
+
(s + 1)(s + 2) (s 1)(s + 2) s 1 s + 2

F(s) =

A = 5/(1 + 2) = 5/3 and B = 5x(2)/(2 1) = 10/3

Therefore,

F() = [(5/3)/(j 1)] + [(10/3)/(j + 2)]

Transforming,

f(t) =

5 t
10
e u( t ) e 2 t u( t )
3
3

( 2 s)
A
B
, A = 3/2 and B = 5/2
=
+
(s + 1)(s + 3) s + 1 s + 3

(c)

F(s) =

Therefore,

F() = [1.5/(j + 1)] [2.5/(j + 3)]

Transforming, f(t) = 1.5etu(t) 2.5e3tu(t)

(d)

f(t) =

Problem 17.3
Figure 17.1.

1
3()e jt
1 3
1
dt =
=

2 ( j + 2)( j + 3)
2 6 4

[17.7]

Find the Fourier transform of the "sine-wave pulse" shown in

f(t)
1

sin(t)

Figure 17.1

f ( t ) = sin(t ) [u ( t ) u ( t 2)]

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F() = 0 sin(t ) e - jt dt =
2

F() =
F() =
F() =
F() =
F() =

1 2 j
(e e - j )(e - jt ) dt

0
2j

1 2 j ( - + ) t
+ e- j (+ ) t dt
e
2j 0

1
1
1
- j ( ) t 2
- j ( + ) t 2
e
e
+
0
0
2 j - j ( )
- j ( + )

1 1 e-j2 1 e-j2

+
2
+
1
(2 + 2 e- j2 )
2
(2)( 2 )

(e - j2 1)
2
2

CIRCUIT APPLICATIONS

Problem 17.4

Find the transfer function, Vo()/Vs() for the circuit shown in Figure 17.3.

1H
i
+

vs(t)

vo(t)

Figure 17.1

First we will solve for I.

I =

Therefore,

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Vs ()
V ()
, and Vo() = 5I
= s
3 + j + 5 j + 8

Vo ()
5
=
Vs () j + 8

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Solve for vC(t) in Figure 17.4, where i(t) = u(t) A.

Problem 17.5

+
10

i(t)

1F

vC(t)

Figure 17.1
First we transform i(t) into the frequency domain.

1
1
j
= I()
I() = () + 1/(j), and VC() = I()
1
j + 0.1
10 +
j
10

1
()
+
= V1 + V2
j
j( j + 0.1)
1
A
B
V2 =
, where A = 1/0.1 = 10 and B = 1/(0.1) = 10
= +
s(s + 0.1) s s + 0.1

Therefore,

VC() =

v2(t) = 5sgn(t) 10et/10u(t)

Therefore,

v1(t) =

1
1
() jt
e d =
=5

2 j + 0.1
2 0.1

This leads to

vo(t) = 5 5sgn(t) 10et/10u(t), but sgn(t) = 1 + 2u(t)

Therefore,

vo(t) = 5 5 + 10u(t) 10et/10u(t)

vo(t) = 10(1 et/10)u(t) volts

or

[17.29]
Determine the current i(t) in the circuit of Figure 17.1(b), given
Problem 17.6
the voltage source shown in Figure 17.1(a).

v(t)
1

i(t)
v(t)
0

1F

(a)

(b)

Figure 17.1

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v( t ) = ( t ) 2 ( t 1) + ( t 2)
- 2 V() = 1 2 e - j + e j2
1 2e- j + e- j2
V() =
- 2
Z() = 2 +

Now,

1 1 + j2
=
j
j

V() 2e j e j2 1
j
=

2
Z()
1 + j2

1
I=
(0.5 + 0.5 e- j2 e- j )
( j)(0.5 + j)
I=

1
A
B
= +
(s)(s + 0.5) s s + 0.5

But

A = 2, B = -2

2
2
(0.5 + 0.5e- j2 e- j )
I() = (0.5 + 0.5e j2 e- j )
j
0.5 + j
i( t ) =

1
1
sgn( t ) + sgn( t 2) sgn( t 1) e 0.5 tu(t ) e 0.5( t 2 ) u(t 2) 2 e 0.5( t 1) u(t 1)
2
2

PARSEVALS THEOREM

Problem 17.7

Find the total energy in v(t) where v(t) is the pulse shown below.

v(t)
2

10 V

1
0

10

In the time domain,

W1 =

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(10) 2 dt + 10 2 dt = 100 t 2 + 100 t 1

100 + 200 + 200 100 = 200 J

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[17.43]
A voltage source v s ( t ) = e -t sin( 2 t ) u ( t ) V is applied to a 1-
Problem 17.8
resistor. Calculate the energy delivered to the resistor.

W1 = - f 2 ( t ) dt =

sin 2 (A) =

But

e -2t sin 2 (2 t ) dt

1
[1 cos(2A)]
2

W1 = 0 e -2t (0.5) [1 cos(4 t )] dt =

1 e -2t

2 -2

1 1
W1 = + (-2) = 0.15 J
4 20

e -2 t
[-2 cos(4t) + 4 sin(4t) 0
4 + 16

APPLICATIONS

Problem 17.9

Given the AM signal,

f(t) = 10(1 + 4cos(2000t))cos(x106t),

solve for the:

(a)
the carrier frequency
(b)
the lower sideband frequency
(c)
the upper sideband frequency
m = 2000 = 2f which leads to f = 1 kHz
(a)

c = x106 = 2fc which leads to fc = 500 kHz or 0.5 MHz

(b)

Lsb = fc fm = (500 1) kHz = 499 kHz

(c)

Usb = fc + fm = (500 + 1) kHz = 501 kHz

[17.47]
A voice signal occupying the frequency band of 0.4 to 3.5 kHz is
Problem 17.10
used to amplitude modulate a 10-MHz carrier. Determine the range of frequencies for the lower
and upper sidebands.

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For the lower sideband, the frequencies range from

10,000,000 3,500 = 9,996,500 Hz

to

10,000,000 400 = 9,999,600 Hz

For the upper sideband, the frequencies range from

10,000,000 + 400 = 10,000,400 Hz

to

10,000,000 + 3,500 = 10,003,500 Hz

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