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PSAT/NMS
Prellmlnary SATI
National Merit Scholanhlp Quallfylng Test
Timing

The PSAT/NMSQ~ has five sections. You will have 25 minutes each
for Sections 1-4 and 30 minutes for Section 5.

Scoring

For each correct answer, you receive one point. For questions you
omit, you receive no points. For a wrong answer to a multiple-choice
question, you lose a quarter(~) of a point. For a wrong answer to a
math question that is not multiple choice, you do not lose any points.

Guessing

If you can eliminate one or more choices as wrong, you increase your
chances of choosing the correct answer and earning one point. If you
can't eliminate any choices, move on. You can return to the question
later if there is time.

Marking
Answers

You must mark all of your answers on your answer sheet to receive
credit. Make sure each mark is dark and completely fills the circle. If you
erase, do so completely. You may write in the test book, but you won't
receive credit for anything you write there.

Checking
Answers

You may check your work on a particular section if you finish it before
time is called, but you may not turn to any other section.

>WEDNESDAY,

October 17,
2012
(This is the authorized
administration date of
this test form for entry
to scholarship and
recognition programs.)

DO NOT OPEN THE TEST BOOK UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO!
Unauthorized reproduction or use of any part of this test Is prohibited.
Preliminary SAT/National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test
cosponsored by

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1~'

SECTION 1
Time - 25 minutes
24 Questions
(1-24)
Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding
circle on the answer sheet.

Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank

indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath
the sentence are five words or sets of words labeled A
through E. Choose the word or set of words that, when
inserted in the sentence,~ fits the meaning of the
sentence as a whole.

4. There has been a recent ------- of interest in the art of

painter Yayoi Kusama: once at the ------- of critical
consciousness, her work is now very near the center.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

Example:
Hoping to ------- the dispute, negotiators proposed
a compromise that they felt would be ------- to both
labor and management.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

enforce . . useful
end .. divisive
overcome .. unattractive
extend .. satisfactory
resolve .. acceptable

5. When we act unselfishly toward others, our------- is

rewarded by the release of pleasure-inducing chemicals
in the brain.
(A) duplicity
(B) altruism
(C) discernment
(D) effusiveness
(E) subservience
6. Although scientists occasionally receive reports of
snowflakes the size of dinner plates falling from
the sky, the accounts are always------- because
of the ------- nature of snowflakes.

(A) circumstantial .. complicated

(B) definitive .. unreliable
(C) uncorroborated .. ephemeral
(D) substantive .. intrinsic
(E) anecdotal .. precipitous

1. Election to Hawaii's House of Representatives in

1956 was the first milestone in Patsy Takemoto Mink's
career as a -------.
(A) philosopher
(D) legislator

(B) commentator
(E) negotiator

restoration .. hub
subsidence .. boundary
resurgence .. periphery
renewal .. core
deterioration .. edge

(C) financier

7. Jules Verne's 1897 novel An Antarctic Mystery

was -------: it foresaw the disastrous long-term
consequences of the massive hunting of whales.

2. The essay was notably-------: every paragraph was

a mere restatement of a commonplace.
\C) unoriginal
(A) murky
(B) comprehensive
(D) jumbled
(E) groundbreaking

(A) spurious
(B) vitriolic
(C) reminiscent
(D) prescient
(E) presumptuous

3. When Susan, the manager of the clothing store

where Nathan shopped, ------- his complaints,
he became so ------- that he resolved to take his
business to a competing retailer

8. Although the authoritarian regime accorded significant

rights to the ------- of the opposition parties, their rankand-file members still had only minimal ------- to
engage in political activity.

(A) exaggerated .. exhilarated

(B) disregarded .. gratified
(C) heeded .. despondent
(D) ridiculed .. unscrupulous
(E) trivialized .. exasperated

(A) commoners .. opportunity

(B) dissidents .. cause
(C) adversaries .. inclination
(D) elites . . latitude
(E) stalwarts .. compensation

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-2-

The passages below are followed by questions based on their content; questions following a pair of related passages may also
be based on the relationship between the paired passages. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the
passages and in any introductory material that may be provided.
Questions 9-10 are based on the following passage.
I came back from Africa with ideas for a new piece
of art, more primitive than any I had ever done before.
"Primitive" is a word I use in a positive way to explain the
ine completeness of a concept in art. I like to layer and pattern
5 and embellish my art in the manner of tribal art, and then,
like a blues singer, I like to repeat and repeat it again.
Fragmented, understated, or minimalist art forms frustrate
me. I want to finish them. In the 1960s there was a
minimalist aesthetic advocating "Less is more." To me,
JO less is even less and more is still not quite enough.

Questions 11-12 are based on the following passage.

Rain had fallen all week, especially at night, and even
though the weather forecasters had noted repeatedly that
these rains were beneficial, Benny Meyuhas was beside
Line himself. It seemed to him that the head of the studio's
5 Production Department himself had ordered this rain, to
prevent Benny from night filming Jddo and Eynam, or to
force Benny, as the department head put it, "to finish up
already with that thing that's eaten up our entire budget
for Israeli drama." Just when Benny had lost all hope of
JO completing these last scenes, which he had been filming
secretly, the rain suddenly let up, and the Moon appeared.

9. The primary purpose of the passage is to

11. The passage indicates that Benny "was beside himself'
(lines 3-4) because

(A) describe a creative philosophy

(B) explain the origins of a concept
(C) spark an artistic impulse
(D) provide a hlstorical overview
(E) offer a technical lesson

(A) his film might be the only Israeli drama produced

that year
(B) the rain might stop soon, ruining the moody
atmosphere of his night scenes
(C) the production executive might replace him with
another director
(D) he was afraid that he would not be able to finish
the film in the way he wished
(E) he was worried that he might not get paid for
his work

10. The mention of the "blues singer" (line 6) serves

primarily to
(A) suggest a possible audience for a type of artwork
(B) indicate the widespread popularity of a certain
kind of vocalist
(C) identify a possible artistic collaboration
(D) draw a parallel between a style of art and a style
of music
(E) express admiration for a particular musical form

12. The passage focuses primarily on

(A) examining the complex psychology of an artist
(B) depicting a filmmaker who is under pressure
to complete a project
(C) lampooning a studio executive who is being
manipulated
(D) condemning the way film studios exert control
over directors
(E) illustrating how destiny favors creative geniuses

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-3-

1
Questions 13-24 are based on the following passages.

45

These passages discuss hydrogen fuel cells, which use

electrodes to unite hydrogen and oxygen to produce
electricity, heat, and water. Both passages are adapted
from works published in 2003.
Passage 1
\four decades ago, the United States faced a creeping
menace to national security. The Soviet Union had
lobbed the first satellite into space in 1957. Then, on
line April 12, 1961, Russian cosmonaut Yuri Ga?arin ?lasted
5 off in Vostok 1 and became the first human m orbit.
President Kennedy understood that dominating space
could mean the difference between a country able to
defend itself and one at the mercy of its rivals. In a
May 1961 address to Congress, President Kennedy . .
JO unveiled Apollo- a I 0-year program of federal subs1d1es
aimed at "landing a man on the Moon and returning him
safely to the Earth." Congress appropriated the funds,
scientists and engineers put their noses to the launchpad,
and Neil Annstrong stepped onto the Moon eight years
15 later.
The country now faces a similar situation: reliance on
foreign oil. Just as we responded to Soviet space superiority
with a bold commitment, so now the United States must
respond to the clout of foreign oil by making ener.gy
20 independence a national priority. Conventional wisdom
indicates two ways for the United States to reduce
dependence on foreign oil: increase domestic production
or decrease demand. Either way, though, the country
would remain hostage to overseas producers. Consider
25 plans to drill in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.
For all the political wrangling and backlash, that area's
productivity isn't likely to offset declining output from
larger United States oil fields, let alone increase the total
supply from domestic sources. As for reducing demand,
30 the levers available are small and ineffectual. Moreover,
the dynamism at the heart of the United States economy
depends on energy.
There's only one way to insulate the United States from
the corrosive power of oil-develop an alternative energy
35 resource that's readily available domestically. Of hydrogen,
coal, natural gas, wind, water, solar, and nuclear, hydrogen
is the only energy resource that can provide a wholesale
substitute for foreign oil within a decade. Hydrogen stores
energy more effectively than current batteries do, bums
40 twice as efficiently in a fuel cell as gasoline does in an
internal-combustion engine (more than making up for
the energy required to produce it). and leaves only water
behind. It's plentiful, clean, and-critically-capable
of powering cars. Like manned space flight in 1961,

hydrogen power is proven but primitive, a technology ripe

for acceleration and then deployment. For that, thank the
Apollo program itself, which spurred the development of
early fuel cells.
Passage 2

Outside of science fiction, the hydrogen-fueled car is

probably the most radical reinvention of the automobile
ever imagined. The fuel supply is inexhaustible, and the car
produces no emissions except water, which, upon emerging
from the tailpipe, is, in principle at least, clean enough to
drink. The car can even serve as a source of electricity
55 when parked: a hydrogen-car owner can use it to light
his or her home. Sometime in the past year or so, the
hydrogen-fueled car moved out of the laboratory and,
if not quite onto the road, into the bright showroom of
public relations.
60
For a number of reasons-primary among them
the inefficiency of the internal-combustion engineautomobiles represent a particularly promising fuel-cell
application. Fuel cells produce electrical, rather than . .
mechanical, energy-in this way, fuel-cell cars are s1m1lar
65 to battery-powered vehicles-and, using the same amount
of energy, can propel a car nearly three times as far as an
internal-combustion engine can. Yet cars represent a
peculiar challenge: they require a great deal of power,
are expected to travel long distances between refuelings,
70 and are called on to last for ten years or more. Among the
many obstacles to commercial production of automotive
fuel cells are cost, durability, and fuel storage. There are
also concerns about safety, although fuel-cell advocates
maintain that the dangers of hydrogen have been greatly
75 exaggerated. In a recent paper, physicist Amory Lovins
argues that hydrogen is "at least as safe as natural gas or
LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) and arguably is inherently
safer than gasoline."
Although it is the most plentiful element in the universe,
80 hydrogen on Earth exists almost exclusively in combination
with other substances; therefore, it must be extracted, a
process that can itself require a considerable amount of
energy. Hydrogen can be produced using renewable energy
sources, like wind, but it can just as easily-in fact,
85 perhaps more easily-be extracted by less enviro.nmentally
benign means. A prototype for a fuel-cell truck, smce
abandoned, extracted hydrogen from gasoline through a
process known as "reforming." This approach obviates the
need for a whole new hydrogen-delivery infrastructure, ~,ut
90 since it produces substantial amounts of carbon dioxide 1t
also obviates much of the reason for switching to fuel cells.
Similarly, hydrogen can be produced from coal; once all
the emissions of that process are taken into account, it's
debatable whether fuel-cell cars yield any environmental
95 benefit at al I.

50

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-4-

17. The tone of lines 33-38 ("There's ... decade")

suggests that the author's attitude is

13. Which best describes the relationship between the

two passages?
(A) Passage 2 fully endorses the proposal advanced
in Passage I.
(B) Passage 2 suggests a solution to a problem
described in Passage J.
(C) Passage 2 points out potential benefits and
drawbacks of an idea raised in Passage 1.
(D) Passage 2, like Passage 1, indicates the practical
challenges of implementing an idea.
(E) Passage 2, like Passage 1, discusses the potential
cost savings of a proposal.

(A)
(8)
(C)
(0)
(E)

(A) mature
(B) ready
(C) fortunate
(0) mellow
(E) spoiled

chaotic
threatening
noble
humorous
rebellious

19. In lines 63-67 ("Fuel ... can"), the author of Passage 2

is concerned primarily with
(A) explaining how fuel cells generate energy
(B) comparing battery-powered automobiles with
gasoline-powered automobiles
(C) describing one reason that the automobile
represents a promising use of fuel cells
(0) indicating that fuel-cell cars can travel faster
than gasoline-powered cars
(E) mentioning some of the design challenges of
manufacturing a fuel-cell car

15. Lines 12-15 ("Congress ... later") indicate

that the response to the program introduced
in President Kennedy's address was
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

unequivocal
accusatory
impartial
defiant
nonchalant

18. In line 45, "ripe" most nearly means

14. Lines 1-2 ("Four ... security") depict a situation best

described as
(A)
(B)
(C)
(0)
(E)

excited but cautious

determined and focused
supportive yet fearful
doubtful and concerned
uncertain but willing

20. The sentence in lines 67-70 ("Yet ... more") serves to

(A) substantiate an earlier generalization by
introducing an example
(B) reiterate the author's previous claim
(C) offer several possible solutions to a problem
(0) signal a transition in the author's argument
(E) question why a particular course of action has
been undertaken

16. Lines 16-32 suggest that the author of Passage 1 would

most likely respond to the assessment in lines 92-95,
Passage 2 ("once ... all"), by pointing out that
(A) there is more environmental benefit in using
hydrogen extracted from coal than in using
hydrogen from other sources
(B) such reasoning could be used to defend dri lling
in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, even
though doing so will bring little real benefit
(C) as a substitute for foreign oil, coal can currently
be exploited more easily than hydrogen can
(0) energy independence is a critical need for the
United States, even if the use of coal does not
yield environmental benefits
(E) attempts to increase coal production, like attempts
to increase oil production, are likely to result in
political wrangling

21. The author of Passage l would most likely respond to

the statement in lines 79-83, Passage 2 ("Although ...
energy"), by claiming that the
(A) relative efficiency of hydrogen compensates for
the energy expended to extract it
(B) commercial exploitation of hydrogen is
unnecessary because it is so readily available
(C) extraction of hydrogen often has a significant
negative impact on the environment
(D) efficient production of hydrogen must be a top
priority of those advocating fuel-cell cars
(E) concerns raised about the safety of hydrogen are
legitimate and justified

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-5-

22. Lines 88-91 ("This ... cells") indicate that the author
of Passage 2 considers "reforming" (line 88) to be

24. Compared with the author of Passage 2, the author of

Passage l is

(A) a significant breakthrough

(B) promising but untested
(C) of doubtful value
{D) impossible to evaluate
(E) potentially dangerous

(A) less anxious about the urgency of finding an

alternative energy source
(B) less worried about how to market hydrogen
fuel-cell cars to the public
(C) more enthusiastic about the prospect of hydrogen
serving as an alternative source of energy
(D) more concerned about the safety of using
hydrogen as a fuel
(E) more dubious about the role of Apollo in the
development of alternative fuel sources

23. In line 94, "yield" most nearly means

(A) reward
(B) submit
(C) concede
(J)) produce
(E) withdraw

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.

-6-

NO TEST MATERIAL ON THIS PAGE

NO TEST MATERIAL ON THIS PAGE

-8-

SECTION 2
Time - 25 minutes
20 Questions
(1-20)
Directions: For this section, solve each problem and decide which is the best of the choices given. Fill in the corresponding
circle on the answer sheet. You may use any available space for scratch work.

1. The use of a calculator is permitted.

2. All numbers used are real numbers.
3. Figures that accompany problems in this test are intended to provide information useful in solving the problems.
They are drawn as accurately as possible EXCEPT when it is stated in a specific problem that the figure is not
drawn to scale. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
4. Unless otherwise specified, the domain of any function f is assumed to be the set of all real numbers x for which
/(x) is a real number.

2:J,CT
A= iw

x.../3

A = 2.bh

Special Right Triangles

V=iwh

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.
1. A lawn service can cut 45 lawns in 12 hours.
At this rate, how many lawns can the lawn service
cut in 8 hours?

Q I.

2. In the figure above, point Q lies on PR. The length

(A) 25
(B) 27
(C) 30
(D) 33
(E) 4 1

of QR is 6, and the length of PQ is twice the length

~

of QR. What is the length of PR ?

(A)

(B) 12
(C) 18
(D) 24
(E) 36

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-9-

D
-6 ,
n

12 4
, n n

3. For which of the following values of n will the

fractions above all be integers?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

8
6

4
3
2

5. In the figure above, lines

the value of z ?

e and

k are parallel. What is

(A) 130

(B) 120
(C) 100
(D) 80
(E) 70

4. A box contains a red marble, a green marble, a yellow

marble, a blue marble, and no other marbles. Two
marbles are to be chosen at random fro m the box
without replacement. If the first marble chosen is
green, what is the probability that the second marble
chosen will be blue?
(A)

6. If 4x - 2 = 14, what is the value of 2x - I ?

(A) 8
1

(B) 7

(C) 6

(C)

(D) 5
(E) 4

(D)

(B)

(E)

I GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGV

-10-

WYLIE CITY CABLE SUBSCRIBERS

Plan 1: $20 per day plus $0.30 per mile driven
Plan 2: $10 per day plus $0.35 per mile driven
Invent
Cable

7. Ram6n wants to rent a car for a day and can choose

from the two rental plans above. For how many miles
driven would the two plans cost the same?

Worth Television Cable

Pacific Broadcast Cable

50
(B) JOO
(C) 150
(D) 200
(E) 250

(A)

9. The circle graph above shows the distribution of cable

service subscribers in Wylie City. If Wylie City has
5,000,000 cable subscribers, how many subscribe to
cable services other than Invent Cable?
(A) 3,000,000
(B) 2,000,000
(C) 1,000,000
(D) 300,000
(E)
200,000

8. In the xy-coordinate system above, which of the

following points lies on the line that passes through
points 0 and A ?
(A)

(0, l)

(B)

(I, 3)

(C)

(2, 1)

(D)

(2, 4)

(E)

(4, 2)

g(b)

-3

-2

-1

-1

10. Some values of the function g are given in the table

above. For which of the following values of b does
g(b) equal l2bl + l?
(A) -3
(B) -2
(C) -I
(D)
0
(E)
I

-11-

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11. If x + x + x = m - m - m, and m = 3, what is the

value of x?
(A)

-I

(C)

(0)

(E)

13. If the surface area of a cube is 48 square inches, what

is the area, in square inches, of one of the faces?
(A)
(8)
(C)

-3

(B)

D
6

9
(0) JO
(E) 12

14. For which of the following values of x is the value of

I
JX least?

(A)

Twice the sum of x and y is decreased

by three times the product of x and 2y.

(B)

12. Which of the following algebraic expressions

represents the statement above?

(C)

(A)

2(x + y)- 3x(2y)

16

(0)

(E)

16

(B) 2{x + y) - 3(x + 2y)

(C)

2x + y - 3x(2y)

(0) 2.xy - 3 (x
(E)

+ 2y)

2xy - 3x(2y)

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-12-

Number

88

}'

89

15

90

19

JOO

11

Note: Figure not drawn to scale.

15. In the figure above, AB = BC, CE = CD, and
x = 70. What is the measure of LABC ?

Frequency

80

17. The table above shows the only five numbers that
appear in a data set containing 91 numbers. It also
shows the frequency with which each number appears
in the data set. If 80 is the only mode and 88 is the
median, what is the greatest possible value of y ?

(A)
(B)

40
70
(C) 100
(0) 110
(E) 140

(A)
(B)
(C)
(0)
(E)

26
24

23
22
20

18. On the number line above, the tick marks are equally
spaced. Which of the following expresses y in terms
of x?
(A)

x+2
2x + I
(C) 2x+2
(0) 3x - 2
(E) 3x

V(-2,-3)

(B)

16. In the xy-plane above, the parabola with vertex V

is the graph of a quadratic function. Which of the
following must be the coordinates of another poi nt
on the parabola?
(A)
(B)
(C)

(0)

(E)

(I, I)
(I, 2)
(I, 3)
(2, 2)
(2, 3)

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-13-

20. Which of the following must be true fo r all

values of x?

I
I
RoomR

D
I
Rooms

I.

(x + 1)2 ;;:: x2
2

II. (x - 2) ;;:: 0

RoomT

III. x 2 + 1 ;;:: 2x
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) I and II only
(D) II and III only
(EJ I, II, and ill

19. The figure above shows the layout of three rooms,

and the spaces in the walls indicate the locations of
five doors. Starting from room T, a dog will travel
through the rooms to greet his owner in room R and
will return to room T without passing through the
same door twice. How many different routes through
the doors can the dog take?
(A) 5
(B) 6
(C) 8
(D) 10
(E) 12

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.

-14-

NO TEST MATERIAL ON THIS PAGE

-15-

3 3 3

3 3 3

SECTION3
Time - 25 minutes
24 Questions
(25-48)
Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding
circle on the answer sheet.

27. Architectural structures can sometimes------- the spread

of plant species by ------- the normal dispersal of seeds.

Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank

indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath
the sentence are five words or sets of words labeled A
through E. Choose the word or set of words that, when
inserted in the sentence, best fits the meaning of the
sentence as a whole.

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

facilitate .. preventing
ensure .. stratifying
disrupt .. obstructing
hinder .. circulating
(E) accentuate .. highlighting

Example:

28. Although Albert Collins------- the styles of other blues

guitarists, he was clearly-------, playing without a pick
and using unorthodox minor tunings.

Hoping to ------- the dispute, negotiators proposed

a compromise that they felt would be------- to both
labor and management.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

enforce .. useful
end . . divisive
overcome .. unattractive
extend .. satisfactory
resolve .. acceptable

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

@@

flaunted .. an extrovert
rejected .. a maverick
decried .. an apprentice
imitated .. a classicist
emulated .. an original

29. Some mistook Josh's ------- for detachment: because

he was shy and reserved, they assumed he was-------.

25. The ancient Greeks so firmly believed in the ------power of music that physicians prescribed it as an
antidote to snakebites.

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

(A) limited
(B) social
(C) healing
(D) educational
(E) subjective

reticence .. pensive
exuberance .. standoffish
modesty .. humble
quirkiness .. arrogant
diffidence .. aloof

26. The eloquence and clarity of Barbara Jordan's keynote

address at the 1976 Democratic National Convention
confirmed Jordan's reputation as ------- public speaker.
(A) a frustrated
(B) a humorous
(C) an effective
(D) an unhurried
(E) a tentative

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-16-

3 3 3

3 3 3

The passages below are followed by questions based on their content; questions following a pair of related passages may also
be based on the relationship between the paired passages. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the
passages and in any introductory material that may be provided.

Questions 30-33 are based on the following passages.

31. The proponents of "neuroscience" (line 14, Passage 2)

would probably argue that the New Year's resolutions
mentioned in the fust sentence of Passage 1 are

Passage 1

(A) an effective means of self-improvement

(B) a reflection of a basic human desire to seek
perfection
(C) unlikely to be the cause of a great change
in anyone's character
(0) proof of the decisive role played by brain
chemistry
(E) evidence of the ongoing tension between
the rational mind and subconscious desires

Last New Year's Eve, many of you doubtlessly

resolved to be better, wiser, stronger, and richer in the
coming months and years. After all, we're free humans,
line not robots doomed to repeat the same boring mistakes
5 over and over again, right? As William James wrote in
1890, the whole "sting and excitement" of life comes from
"our sense that in it things are really being decided from
one moment to another, and that it is not the dull rattling
off of a chain that was forged innumerable ages ago." Get
10 over it, Dr. James. A bevy of experiments in recent years
suggests that the conscious mind is like a monkey riding
a tiger of subconscious decisions and actions in progress,
frantically making up stories about being in control.

32. The reference to the "playing out of the hands"

(lines 21-22, Passage 2) most closely echoes
which of the following from Passage 1 ?
(A) The" 'sting and excitement' of life" (line 6)
(B) The" 'rattling off of a chain"' (lines 8-9)
(C) The "bevy of experiments" (line 10)
(D) The "monkey riding a tiger" (lines 11-12)
(E) The "making up stories about being in control"
(line 13)

Passage 2
15

20

It is safe to say that neuroscience these days views

brain chemistry and anatomy as having a greater impact
on human behavior and the formation of character than
free will does. But every serious creative writer, of course,
must come down on the side of free will. You might ask,
what choice have we? Without free will there would be
no literature in the first place: no drama, no insights into
human nature, little, really, but the drab playing out of the
hands we have been dealt. Artists are the natural opponents
of determinism.

33. Which best describes the relationship between the two

passages?
(A) Passage 2 relates a personal anecdote that
exemplifies the conclusion drawn in Passage 1.
(B) Passage 2 offers evidence that disproves the
central hypothesis advanced in Passage I.
(C) Passage 2 presents a possible solution to the
set of problems described in Passage 1.
(D) Passage 2 calls attention to people who deny
a fundamental claim made in Passage 1.
(E) Passage 2 carries to its logical conclusion the
position advocated in Passage 1.

30. The author of Passage l would argue that the "bevy of

experiments" (line 10) suggests which of the following
about the writers mentioned in Passage 2 ?
(A) They are deluding themselves.
(B) They must overcome long odds.
(C) They are not as important as they think.
(D) They need not work to develop their talents.
(E) They come from all walks of life.

-17-

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3 3 3

Questions 34-39 are based on the following passage.

45

The narrator of this passage from a twentieth-century

novel is a seventy-six-year-old writer from England. Her
recollections often return to her brother, Gordon, and
her daughter, Lisa.

Line

IO

15

20

25

30

35

40

3 3 3

no such things as bow-wows and gee-gees." "Horse," said

Lisa, thoughtfully, tasting the word. For the first time we
communicated. "Gee-gee gone?" enquired Lisa. "That's
right," I said. "Gone. Clever girl." And Lisa took a step
toward maturity.
I Influential translation of the Bible, first publi>hed in 1611

Today language abandoned me. I could not find

the word for a simple object-a commonplace familiar
furnishing. For an instant, I stared into a void. Language
tethers us to the world; without it we spin like atoms.
Later, I made an inventory of the room-a naming of
parts: bed, chair, table, picture, vase, cupboard, window,
curtain. Curtain. And I breathed again.
We open our mouths and out flow words whose
ancestries we do not even know. We are walking lexicons.
In a single sentence of idle chatter we preserve Latin,
Anglo-Saxon, Norse; we carry a museum inside our heads,
each day commemorating people of whom we have never
heard. More than that, we speak volumes-our language is
the language of everything we have not read. Shakespeare
and the Authorised Version 1 surface in supermarkets,
on buses, in chatter on radio and television. I find this
miraculous. I never cease to wonder at it. That words are
more durable than anything, that they blow with the wind,
hibernate and reawaken, shelter parasitic on the most
unlikely hosts, survive and survive and survive.
I can remember the lush spri ng excitement of language
in childhood. Sitting in church, rolling it around my mouth
like marbles-tabernacle and parable, trespasses and
Babylon and covenant. Learning by heart, chanting at the
top of my voice-"Lars Porsena of Clusium, By the Nine
Gods he swore, That the great House of Tarquin, Should
suffer wrong no more ... " 2 Gloating over Gordon who
could not spell ANTIDISESTABLISHMENTARIANISM,
the longest word in the dictionary. Rhyming and
blaspheming and marvelling. I collected the names of
stars and of plants: Arcturus and Orion and Betelgeuse,
melilot and fumitory and toadflax. There was no end to
it, apparently-it was like the grains of sand on the shore,
the leaves on the great ash outside my bedroom window,
immeasurable and unconquerable. "Does anyone know
all the words in the world?" I ask Mother. "Anyone?"
"I expect very clever men do," says Mother vaguely.
Lisa, as a child, most interested me when I watched her
struggle with language. I was not a good mother, in any
conventional sense. Babies I find faintly repellent; young
children are boring and distracting. When Lisa began to
talk I listened to her. I corrected the inanities encouraged
by her grandmothers. "Dog," I said. "Horse. Cat. There are

2 The beginning of Thomas B. Macaulay's poem "Horatiu\"

34. The primary purpose of the passage is to

(A) explain the narrator's interest in the origins of
Modem English
(B) detail the narrator's difficulty mastering language
as a child
(C) show the narrator's appreciation of language
(D) demonstrate the narrator' s knowledge of esoteric
words
(E) show how the narrator increased her language
skills as she grew up

35. The tone of the sentence in line 7 (''And ... again")

is best characterized as one of
(A) joy

(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

relief
puzzlement
frustration
anger

36. Lines 10-13 ("In a ... heard") most directly emphasize

which point?
(A) The English language is quite difficult to learn.
(B) Ancient languages are perpetuated in everyday
English speech.
(C) The narrator is unaware of her pretentious use
of language.
(D) The general public prefers to be ignorant of the
heritage of English.
(E) Languages whose ancestries the narrator does
not know are as complex as English.

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-1 8-

3 3 3

37. The passage suggests that the narrator was most likely
fascinated by the words in lines 23-24 ("tabernacle ...
covenant") because of their

3 3 3

39. The dialogue in lines 43-47 suggests that for the

narrator, Lisa's question signals a recognition that

(A) imaginary creatures do not exist

(B) childish vocabulary should be abandoned
(C) fascination with animals is immature
(D) adults should not be trusted
(E) words can be aesthetically pleasing

(A} clarity of meaning

(B) religious significance
(C) frequency in conversation
(D) sensory qualities
(E) rich history
38. In line 33, "grains of sand" primarily serves
as an image of something

(A)
(B)
(C}
(D}
(E)

very small
essentially weak
highly insignificant
strikingly homogeneous
seemingly infinite

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3 3 3

Questions 40-48 are based on the following passage.

This passage is adapted from a 1988 book that examines

the influence of Native American cultures on other world
cultures. Here, the author discusses Machu Picchu, the
ruins of an ancient lncan city located on a remote
and steeply terraced mountainside in South America.

Line
5

IO

15

20

25

30

35

40

There is only one Machu Picchu, but it guards many

mysteries. The ruins of this ancient Peruvian city sit
perched 8,000 feet above sea level on a mountain
overlooking the Urubamba River. Even though in size
Machu Picchu barely surpasses a village, the ruins show
a complexity indicative of a much more important place:
precision-crafted buildings with neat regular lines, beveled
edges, and mortarless seams that characterize the best of
Incan architecture. The spectacular setting combined with
the exquisitely wrought buildings have evoked much
speculation and much romantic rubbish about the purpose
of the city. The explorer Hiram Bingham who "discovered"
Machu Picchu erroneously assumed that he had found the
capital of the Incan empire. Many other people assumed
that its purpose was religious, thus dubbing it the "sacred
city of the Incas."
None of this agrees with what we know about the Incas.
They did not build large pyramids to please their gods.
They did not build observatories to watch the patterns of
the stars. Indeed, they displayed an austere practicality in
every aspect of their lives and showed little hint of religious
fervor and no tendency toward either the sentimental or the
superstitious.
In light of this practicality, the existence of Machu
Picchu seems all the more puzzling. Why would the Incas
build a city and line the mountain with terraces even though
there was very little soil there? The builders used the best
techniques known to them to make terraces that would last
for eternity. Then the workers added layers of rock and clay
as subsoil, and from the river below hauled up rich dirt over
steep embankments half a mile high. This task would be the
equivalent of hauling dirt from the Colorado River to plant
crops on top of the Grand Canyon.
The Incas built hundreds of these terraces, all of them
quite small for any kind of extensive agriculture. Some
of them narrow to as little as six inches in width. Such
an arrangement makes no more sense than if people today
decided to start farming using large flower boxes.
A hint of the possible function of Machu Picchu came
to me while hiking there with a friend who is a botanist.
We had approached via a trail perched high in the saddle
of the mountain dividing the Machu Picchu side of the
mountain from a dry inland valley. Standing in this
gateway one sees two worlds: the brown and lifeless valley

3
45

50

55

60

65

3 3 3

and the lush emerald-green valley watered by the thick

fogs of the Urubamba River. As we descended toward
the city from this high pass, I stared out at the spectacular
landscape. While I looked up and down the long vistas of
the Urubamba, my friend was looking at the vegetation and
naming everything growing along the path. I found this
distracting from the big picture but, as we descended and
passed from one terrace to another, the plant names
changed. We were passing through a series of ecological
layers, as one does on many mountains in the Andes. The
mountainside is laid out in strips of vegetation and
microzones. The place is a scientist's dream-the perfect
location for all kinds of controlled experiments. Viewed
in that context, the small terraces took on new meaning
as experimental patches at a range of altitudes and built
at so many different angles, facing the morning sun, the
evening sun, constant sun, or no sun.
In my mind, Machu Picchu suddenly became an
agricultural station. And in that sense it was indeed a sacred
spot, because agriculture was a sacred activity for the Incas.
They had been among the world's great experimenters with
agriculture, and they built numerous experimental areas
where crops could be grown in different ways. It would
not be surprising if the Incas devoted a place such as
Machu Picchu to just such an activity.
40. In context, lines 7-9 ("precision-crafted ...
architecture") serve primarily to

(A) suggest that Machu Picchu was built to withstand

forceful military assaults
(B) provide details supporting the claim that
Machu Picchu was a significant place
(C) show how conflicting architectural styles
contribute to the mysteriousness of
Machu Picchu
(D) present an argument about Incan architecture that
challenges established theories
(E) compare Incan structures designed for political
and for religious purposes

41. The author uses the term "romantic rubbish" (line 11 )

to imply that many previous theories about the purpose
of Machu Picchu were excessively
(A) softhearted
(B) ambitious
(C) fanciful
(D) pessimistic
(E) archaic

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3 3 3

42. The passage as a whole suggests that the author

wou ld most likely give which answer to the question
in lines 25-27 ("Why would ... there") ?

45. In line 45, "watered" most nearly means

(A) cleansed
(B) diluted
(C) consumed
(D) secreted
(E) moistened

(A) To provide a secure and remote location for a

capital city
(B) To encourage religious reflection in an ascetic
setting
(C) To study various types of plants in a controlled
setting
(D) To provide meaningful labor for workers hauling
up rocks and soil
(E) To inspire people to move from more crowded
parts of the empire

46. The author implies that the "layers" (line 54) are
noteworthy primarily because they
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

43. In lines 31-33 ("This ... Canyon"), the author attempts

to clarify an idea by
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

3 3 3

suggest an artistic purpose

reflect centuries of habitation
conceal unexpected resources
include multiple zones of plant life
reveal the order of a formal garden

47. In line 59, "patches" most nearly means

citing an authority
making a comparison
defining a term
providing a solution
offering an overview

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

44. In line 39, the focus of the passage shifts from a

materials
scraps
decorations
plots
repai rs

48. The primary purpose of the passage as a whole is to

(A) description of an enigma to a hypothesis about

its purpose
(B) chronicle of an event to a suggestion about its
repercussions
(C) discussion of an argument to an analysis of its
weakness
(D) portrayal of a mystery to a criticism of one
proposed explanation
(E) consideration of an achievement to a speculation
about how it was accomplished

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

report known facts

challenge previous data
present a personal theory
compare ancient cu ltures
describe a mysterious location

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.

-21 -

NO TEST MATERIAL ON THIS PAGE

-22-

4 D D D D 4 D D D D 4
SECTION 4
Time - 25 minutes
18 Questions
(21-38)
Directions: This section contains two types of questions. You have 25 minutes to complete both types. For questions 21-28,
solve each problem and decide which is the best of the choices given. Fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet.
You may use any available space for scratch work.

1. The use of a calculator is permitted.

2. All numbers used are real numbers.
3. Figures that accompany problems in this test are intended to provide information useful in solving the problems.
They are drawn as accurately as possible EXCEPT when it is stated in a specific problem that the figure is not
drawn to scale. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
4. Unless otherwise specified, the domain of any function f is assumed to be the set of all real numbers x for which
f(x) is a real number.

n,,CT
x../3

Special Right Triangles

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.
21. If 6.xyz == 72 and xy == 3, what is the value of z?
(A)
(B)

RESULTS OF A JO-QUESTION QUIZ

3
4

(C) 9
(D) 12
(E) 36

t
"l.

I
I

--i-

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Number of Correct Responses
22. The graph above shows the distribution of the
number of correct responses on a JO-question
quiz for a class of students. How many students
had more than 7 correct responses on the quiz?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

None
Two
Three
Five
Six

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGV

-23-

4 D D D D 4 D D D D 4
23. N is the set of all positive multiples of 3, and W is the
set of all squares of integers. Which of the following
numbers belongs to both sets?

3{x + 2)
z=3(x+3)

y =

(A) 3
(8) 16

25. If the equations above are true, then

greater than y ?

(C) 25
(D) 36

(A) l

(E) 72

(B) 3
(C) 6

z is how much

(D) 7
(E) 9

Note: Figure not drawn to scale.

24. In the figure above, PQST and VRSU are rectangles
with the same dimensions. If the length of segment RS
is 2 and the area of PQST is 14, what is the length of
segment QR?
(A) 5
(8) 7
(C) 8
(D) IO

(E) 12

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-24-

D D D D 4

26. In 6ABC, AB

=5

and BC

= 7.

D D D D

Which of the

following CANNOT be the length of side AC?

(A) I

(B) 3
(C) 5
(D) 7
{E) 9

28. In the figure above, AC and BD are diameters of the

circle, which has a radius of 9. What is the sum of the
lengths of arcs

AB

and

CD ?

(A) 2n

(B) 3n
(C) 4n
(D) 6n

{E) 8n

27. A drawer contains 6 red socks, 6 white socks,

6 blue socks, and no other socks. If socks are
selected at random from the drawer, what is the
least number of socks that must be selected to
ensure that two socks of the same color are selected?
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 6

(E) 7

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-25-

4 D D D D 4 D D D D 4
Directions for Student-Produced Response Questions
Each of the remaining 10 questions requires you to solve the problem and enter your answer by marking the circles
in the special grid, as shown in the examples below. You may use any available space for scratch work.
7
Answer: 20 I
A nswer: Answer: 2.5
E' h
.. .
12
1t er pos1t1on 1s correct.
Write answer ---...
in boxes.

I
0

CD CD

2
Fraction
line

CD

@@

000

Grid in---...
result.

CD CD CD CD
@ @@
0

2 0

5
0

0000

2 0

Decimal
point

~You

may start your answers

in any column, space permitting.
Columns not needed should be left
blank.

Decjmal Answers: If you obtain a decimal answer

with more dig its than the grid can accommodate,
tt may be either rounded or truncated, but it must
fill the entire grid. For example, if you obtain
an answer such as 0.6666 ... , you should record
your result as .666 or .667. A less accurate value
such as .66 or .67 will be scored as incorrect.

Mark no more than one circle in any column.

Because the answer sheet will be machinescored, you will receive credit only if the circles
are filled in correctly.
Although not required, it is suggested that you
write your answer in the boxes at the top of the
columns to help you fill in the circles accurately.

Acceptable ways to grid

are:

Some problems may have more than one correct

answer. In such cases, grid only one answer.
No question has a negative answer.
Mixed numbers such as
3.5 or 7 /2. (If

3~

must be gridded as

131~i~!21 is gridded, it will be

31
.mterpreted as 2

, not 31)
2.

30. There are 1200 students at Jones High School.

If 10 percent of them did not read any novels
last semester, how many read at least one novel
last semester?

29. If x 0 , 3x0 , and 20 are the measures of the three

angles of a triangle, what is the value of x ?

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-26-

4 D D D D 4 D D D D 4
31. If v = 2a 2b and a
of y?

33. A square with sides of length 6 is divided into nine

smaller squares of equal size. What is the perimeter
of one of the smaller squares?

+ b = 4, what is the value

34. If a represents the greatest prime number less than

100 and b represents the least prime number greater
than 10, what is the value of a + b ?

32. The cost, in dollars, of a t-year membership

package in a professional organization is given
by the function C, defined by C(t) = lOO{t + k),
where k is a constant. If the cost of a 2-year
membership package is $500, what is the cost,
in dollars, of a 3-year membership package?
(Disregard the $ sign when gridding your answer.)

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-27-

4 D D D D 4

37. If x and y are numbers whose average (arithmetic

mean) is l and whose difference is I, what is the
product of x and v ?

CHANGE IN DEPTH OF
LAKE ALEXANDER

Year

Change
in meters

1996

+150

1997

-125

1998

+75

1999

-125

2000

+75

D D D D 4

35. The table above shows the change in the depth

of Lake Alexander from the beginning to the end
of each year. At the beginning of 1996, the depth
of Lake Alexander was 400 meters. The depth of
Lake Alexander at the beginning of 2000 was what
fraction of its depth at the end of 2000 ?

38. In the X)'-plane above, points 0, A, and B are the

three vertices of a triangle. The coordinates of A and
B are (6, p) and (6, -p), respectively, where p is a
2, 12, 72, 432, ...

positive number. If the area of D.OAB is greater than 9

but less than I 0, what is one possible value of p ?

36. In the sequence above, the first term is 2 and each term
after the first is k times the preceding term, where k is
a constant. What is the value of the 52nd term divided
by the 50th term?

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.

-28-

NO TEST MATERIAL ON THIS PAGE

-29-

SECTION 5
Time - 30 minutes
39 Questions
(1-39)
Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding
circle on the answer sheet.
2. In 1865, abolitionist minister Henry Highland Gamet
became the first African American to address the
House of Representatives when he speaks about the
nation's obli~ation to protect the rights of the newly
emancipated.

The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness

of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence
is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select
one of the other choices.

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

In making your selection, follow the requirements of

standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar,
choice of words, sentence construction. and punctuation.
Your selection should result in the most effective
sentence--clear and precise, without awkwardness or
ambiguity.

3. Although cats have nocturnal vision that 1s far superior

to that of humans, objects in total darkness cannot be
seen by them.
(A) objects in total darkness cannot be seen by them
(B) objects cannot be seen in total darkness by cats
(C) their seeing of objects in total darkness cannot
be done
(Df cats' seeing objects in total darkness cannot
be done
(E) they cannot see objects in total darlrness

EXAMPLE:
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her first book
and she was sixty-five years old then.
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then
(B) when she was sixty-five
(C) at age sixty-five years old
(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years
(E) at the time when she was sixty-five

@ @

4. George started saving money when he was six years

old. so by the time of his becomin~ a teenager he had
enough to pay for a trip to Japan to visit his
grandparents.
(A) so by the time of his becoming
(B) so that by the time when he became
(C) so by the time he became
(D) and by the time he would become
(E) and by the time when he had become

1. The graduation speaker advised the students to devote

yourself to a few passions and to seek excellence in
those specific areas.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

when he speaks about the nation' s obligation

when he spoke about the nation's obligation
where speaki ng about the nation's obligation
where he speaks about the nation is obligated
where he has spoken about the obligation by
the nation

to devote yourself
to devote themselves
to all devote oneself
that each devote yourself
for them to devote themselves

-30-

I GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGe )

8. Although natural changes account for the extinction

of some bird species, human actions such as excessive

5. Tbe great sixteenth-century Mughal ruler Jalaluddin

Muhammad Akbar turning his city into a center of
learning and inviting holy men from all of India's
different religions to come to discuss metaphysics.

hunting, habitats being destroyed. and predators being

introduced are more common causes.

(A) turning his city into a center of learning and

inviting
(B) turning his city into a center of learning, and
he invited
(C) turning his city into a center of learning by
inviting
(D) turned his city into a center of learning, he invited
(E) turned his city into a center of learning by inviting

(A) excessive hunting, habitats being destroyed,

and predators being introduced
(8) excessive hunting, the destruction of habitats,
and the introduction of predators
(C) excesses in hunting, in destroying habitats, and
introducing predators
(D) hunting was excessive, habitats were destroyed,
and predators introduced
(E) the fact that they hunted excessively, destroyed
habitats, and introduced predators

6. In her autobiography, Edith Wharton, who was a close

friend of fellow novelist Henry James, included
observations about he and other writers.

9. By having allergies that flare up in the fall and the

spring causes many students to miss classes at critical
periods of the semester.

(A) included observations about he

(B} included observations about him
(C) including observations about him
(D) she included observations about he
(E) she had included observations about him

(A) By having allergies that flare up in the fall

and the spring causes many students
{B) By allergies flaring up in the fall and the spring
causes many students
(C) Many students, having allergies that flare
up in the fall and the spring, are caused
(D) Flaring up in the fall and the spring, many
students have allergies that cause them
(E) Allergies that flare up in the fall and the spring
cause many students

7. Primatologist Janis Carter arrived in West Africa in

1977 for what she expected to be a stay of only three
weeks, so she remained there to this day.
(A) so she remained there
(B) there she was to remain
(C) there she is remaining
(D) where she had remained
(E} but she has remained there

10. Our parents' friends have been goini:

to the same place for their summer vacation
every year for the past fifteen years.
{A) have been going
(B) who have been going

(C) had went

(D) are going

(E) go

-31 -

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they elected Golda Meir prime minister of Israel

Israel elected Golda Meir their prime minister
Israel elected Golda Meir prime minister
Golda Meir was elected prime minister of Israel
Golda Meir's election as Israel's prime
minister was

(A) The changes in the city council's recycling policy

has frustrated city residents,
(B) The changes in the city council's recycling policy,
they have frustrated city residents,
(C) The changes in the city council's recycling policy
have frustrated city residents,
(0) Frustrated by changes in the city council's
recycling policy, city residents
(E) City residents were frustrated by the change in the
city council's recycling policy and

12. Because of the murkiness of copyright law and the

extension of copyright protections in 1998, the status
of a work whose author has died is often difficult to
determine.
(A) of a work whose author has died

16. The president of the publishing company said that her

firm sold more electronic books in the first four months
of 2008 as they sold in all of 2007.

(8) of a work with the author having died

(C) of a work where the author's death

(D) when a work's author had died
(E) when the author of a work was dead

(A) as they sold

(B) as it did
(C) than was sold
(0) than they have
(E) than it did

13. Senator Garcia has four children. two of whom have

decided to follow their father into public service.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

15. The chan~es in the city council's recyclin~ policy has

frustrated city residents. who feel that curbside pickup
of recyclables should occur weekly, not biweekly.

11. After serving ten years as foreign minister, they elected

Golda Meir prime minister of Israel in 1969.

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

children, two of whom have

children, and two of whom have
children, whereas two of them have
children; of them, two having
children; however, two having

17. In addition to racing rocket-powered vehicles,

Kitty O'Neil worked as a stuntwoman. she
performed physical feats called for in shows
such as The Bionic Woman.
(A) stuntwoman, she performed physical
feats called for
(B) stuntwoman, performing physical
feats that is being called for
(C) stuntwoman, who performed physical
feats they called for
(D) stuntwoman, performing the physical
feats called for
(E) stuntwoman, and she was performing
called-for physical feats

14. Long thought to be a fruit unfit for eating, they did not
cultivate the tomato widely in North America unti l the
early twentieth century.

(A) they did not cultivate the tomato widely in

North America
(8) North Americans did not cultivate tomatoes
widely
(C) North America did not see widespread
cultivation of the tomato
(0) the tomato was not widely cultivated in
North America
(E) tomatoes have not been widely cultivated in
North America

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18. The success of Dracula, Bram Stoker's novel about

a Transylvanian vampire, far surpassing any of his
other novels dealing with supernatural themes.

20. Lily Dale, the heroine of Anthony Trollope's serialized

novel The Small House at Allington, captivated readers
to where they deluged the author with letters pleading
that he have her marry her admirer, Johnny Eames.

(A) far surpassing any of his other novels dealing with

(B) far surpassing those of any of his other novels that
dealt with
(C) far surpassed that of any of his other novels
dealing with
(D) far surpassed any of his other novels dealing with
(E) surpassing by far those other novels of his that
dealt with

(A) captivated readers to where

(B) so captivated readers that
(C) because she captivated reader<;,
(D) who captivated readers so that
(E) she was so captivating to readers that

19. Exhibitions of some works by modern artists

have spurred political controversy over should they
continue federal support of art.

(A) should they continue federal support of art

(B) should federal support of art continue
(C) continued federal support of art
(D) whether art should be continued to be supported
federally
(E) federal support of art and continuing it

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,~

=.

.;:-::

5
23. Farmers who face droughts, tornadoes, and
A

The following sentences test your ability to recognize

grammar and usage errors. Each sentence contains either
a single error or no error at all. No sentence contains more
than one error. The error, if there is one, is underlined
and lettered. If the sentence contains an error, select the
one underlined part that must be changed to make the
sentence correct. Lf the sentence is correct, select choice E.
In choosing answers, follow the requirements of standard
written English.

have falling prices for their crops must often work

B
C
D
long hours seven days a week. No error

E
24. Leaving his beloved science fiction books at home
A

EXAMPLE:

when he went to camp last summer were among the

The other delegates and him immediately

A
B
C
accepted the resolution drafted by the
D
neutral states. No error
E

C:

most difficult things that Marek had ever done.

D
No error

E
25. Both of the candidates running for governor had
A

21. All along the highway was vacant new office

A

been a teacher before going into politics, yet

buildings, evidence that the economic boom the area
-B-

they disagreed about many issues related to

D

had experienced was proving to be short-lived.

public education. No error

E

No error

26. Her latest novel, depicting a young girl's coming

A

22. Many of the novels and short stories written by

A

of age in Harlem during the 1940s, is even

-BC:

Sarah Orne Jewett were inspired by everyday life

B
more livelier than her earlier books. No error
in the seaport town in Maine where she had grew up.

---C-

No error

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27. The history of science has more than their

31. Viewing it from Earth, the planet Mars seems

-S

share of underdog stories, but few of them are

to be rushing eastward through the constellations,

B

-c-

as remarkable as the story of Shuji Nakamura,

a<; if in a futile effort to escape from the Sun.

inventor of the blue laser diode. No error

No error
E

28. Dr. Sandford said that astronomers will

32. A casual observer might mistake a viola for a violin,

A

soon be able to measure distances between the

since they are very similar in appearance, but the

stars with an accuracy that ten years ago would seem

tone of a viola is deeper than a violin. No error

-CD
E

impossible. No error
33. At the site of a royal tomb in Shaanxi Province, China,

29. The word "lanyard" describes a cord to which an

archaeologists have unearthed thousands of life-size

A

terra-cotta statues of soldiers, no two of which are

- BC

employee might attach an identification card, but

B

the word seems sinister when one learns that it is

exactly alike. No error

D
E

derived by an Old French word for "noose." No error

D
E

34. Though The Second World War, a book by

A

30. Humans have long been inventing tools, and this

Sir Winston Churchill, was respectively received

B

film documents the amazing creativity with which

when it was first published , it is not highly

tools have been developed through the ages. No error

D
E

{)

regarded by historians today. No error

E

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35. Where in the passage would the following sentence

most appropriately be inserted?

Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an

essay. Some parts of the passage need to be rewritten.

Accordingly, a furrowed brow is identified as Action

Unit 4, a dropped jaw as Action Unit 26, and so forth.

Read the passage and select the best answers for the
questions that follow. Some questions are about particular
sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve
sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask you
to consider organization and development. In choosing
answers, follow the requirements of standard written
English.

(A) Immediately after sentence 3

(B) Immediately after sentence 5
(C) Immediately after sentence 6
(D) Immediately after sentence I 2
(E) Immediately after sentence 14
36. Which of the following phrases, if inserted at the
beginning of sentence 5 (reproduced below), would
best link the first and second paragraphs?

Questions 35-39 refer to the following passage.

(1) We usually think of facial expressions as outward
signs of feelings people are experiencing. (2) A feeling, we
assume, causes a corresponding expression. (3) However,
groundbreaking research by psychologist Paul Ekman has
shown that the opposite is sometimes true. (4) Making
a particular kind of face, it turns out, can actually cause
someone to experience the emotion associated with that
expression.
(5) Ekman needed a precise way of identifying common
facial expressions. (6) He painstakingly catalogued the
muscle movements that pull our facial features into various
configurations, giving each of these "Action Units" a
distinct numerical designation. (7) Ekman's Action Units
vary in complexity. (8) A wink, for example, involves
the twitch of a single muscle that wraps around the eye.
(9) A smile, therefore, is quite complex. (10) Ekman
identified I 9 kinds of smiles, each engaging a slightly
different combination of many muscles.
(11) Ekman catalogued the various facial expressions.
(12) He began to study their physical and emotional effects.
(13) Participants in the study were asked not to express
specific emotions but rather to produce particular Action
Units. (14) Ekman found that when subjects produced
an Action Unit associated with anger, their heart rates
increased and their fingers became warmer. (15) When they
produced an Action Unit associated with fear, their fingers
became colder. (16) For that reason, Ekman concluded that
a facial expression can be the cause, as well as the effect,
of an emotion and its associated physical state.

Ekman needed a precise way of identifying common

facial expressions.
(A) It was now obvious that
(B) Because of these limitations,
(C) For similar reasons,
(D) In order to conduct his research,
(E) Based on those results,
37. In context, which of the following revisions to
sentence 9 (reproduced below) is most needed?
A smile, therefore, is quite complex.
(A) Changing "A'' to "This kind of"
(B) Changing "therefore" to "by comparison"
(C) Changing "is" to "can be"
(D) Deleting "quite"
(E) Changing "complex" to "complicated"

-36-

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5 ' __.. 5

...

39. In context, which of the following phrases would

most appropriately be inserted at the beginning
of sentence 15 (reproduced below)?

38. In context, which is the most effective revision

of the underlined portion of sentences 11 and 12
(reproduced below) ?
Ekman catalogued the various facial expressions. He
began to study their physical and emotional effects.

When they produced an Action Unit associated

with fear, their fingers became colder.

(A) Ekman catalogued the various facial expressions,

and he began
(B) Ekman instead catalogued the various facial
expressions before beginning
(C) Because he catalogued the various facial
expressions, Ekman began
(D) Although he had already catalogued the various
facial expressions, Ekman began
(E) Once he had catalogued the various facial
expressions, Ekman began

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

In contrast,
In other words,
Meanwhile,
Unfortunately,
Above all,

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section In the test.

-37-

NO TEST MATERIAL ON THIS PAGE

-38-

NO TEST MATERIAL ON THIS PAGE

-39-

Section 11: Religion Codes

01
03
05
07
08
09
11
13
15
17
19

I prefer not to answer

Afncan Methodist Episcopal
Anglican
Assembly of God
Baha'i
Baptist
Southern Baptist ConventlOll
Buddhism
Christian-Disciples
Chnstian Reformed Church in
Amenca
Church of the Brethren

21
23
25
27

29
31

33
35
37
39

Church of Christ
United Church of Chnst
Christian Science (Church of
Christ, Sc1ent1st)
Church of God
Church of Jesus Chnst of
Letter-day Saints
Church of the Nazarene
Episcopal
Hinduism
Islam/Muslim/Moslem
Judaism

41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
56

Evangelical Lutheran
Church in Amenca
Lutheran Church-Missoun
Synod
Mennonite
Methodist
United Methodist
Eastern Orthodox churches
Pentecostal
Presbyterian Church
(U.S.A.)
Reformed Church in
America

57
59

60
61

63
65
67
97
99

Roman Catholic
Seventh-day Adventist
Sikhism
Society of Fnends
(Quaker)
Unitanan Universalist
Association
Wesleyan Church
Worldwide Church of God
Other
No preference or affiliation

Section 12: College Major Codl's

Find the college major that most interests you. If you are undecided or your choice is not listed, you may want to code the choice most
similar to yours or a general field (codes in bold) in order to receive information about a college major in your My College QuickStart
account. Otherwise, code 990 Other or 999 Undecided.
Agriculture, Agriculture
Operations and Related
Sciences - 100
Agricultural Business and
Management - 101
Animal Sciences - 103
Architecture and Related
Services - 120
Architecture - 121
City/Urban, Community and
Regional Planning - 123
Landscape Architecture - 125
Area, Ethnic, Cultural, Gender
and Group Studies - 140
Area Studies - 141
Ethnic, Cultural Minority,
Gender and Group
Studies - 142
Biological and Biomedical
Sciences -160
Biochemistry - 162
Biology/Biological Sciences,
General - 161
B1ophys1cs - 163
Biotechnology-164
CelVCellular Biology and
Anatomical Sciences - 166
Ecology - 167
Genetics - 168
Marine Biology and Biological
Oceanography - 169
Microbiological Sciences and
Immunology - 170
Molecular Biology - 171
Neuroscience - 185
Zoology/Animal Biology - 175
Buslnesi Management,
Mar"8tlng and Related
Support Services - 200
Accounting and Related
Services - 201
Actuarial Science -202
Business Administration,
Management and
Operations - 204
Fashion Merchandising - 208
Finance and Financial
Management Services - 209
Hospitality Administration/
Management - 211
Hotel, Motel and Restaurant
Management - 225
Human Resources
Management and
Services - 212
International Business - 214
Management Information
Systems and Services - 217
Marketing/Marketing
Management - 218

Meeting and Event

Planning - 230

Polymer/Plastics
Engineering - 475

Communication, Journalism and

Related Programs - 250
Communication and Media
Studies - 252
Digital Communication and
Media/Multimedia - 253
Journalism - 254
Public Relations, Advertising
and Applied Communication
-270
Radio and Television - 257

Engineering Technologies - 500

Computer Engineering
Technology - 501
Drafting/Design Engineering
Technologies - 502
Telecommunications
Technology/TechniC1an 509

Computer and Information

Sciences and Support
Services - 300
Artificial Intelligence - 301
Computer Programming - 302
Computer Science - 303
Computer Systems
Networking and
Telecommunications - 306
Information Sciences/
Studies - 308
Education - 400
Early Childhood Education and
Teaching - 407
Elementary Education and
Teaching - 417
Secondary Education and
Teaching - 430
Special Education and
Teaching - 432
Engineering - 450
Aerospace, Aeronautical and
Space Engineering - 451
Agricultural Engineering - 452
Architectural Engineering - 453
Bioengineering and Biomedical
Engineering - 454
Chemical Engineering - 455
Civil Engineering - 456
Computer Engineering,
General - 457
Electrical and Electronics
Engineering - 459
Engineering Physics/Applied
Physics 461
Engineering Science - 462
EnvironmentaVEnvironmental
Health Engineering - 463
Geological/Geophysical
Engineering - 464
Industrial Engineering - 465
Materials Engineering - 466
Mechanical Engineering - 467
Mining and Mineral
Engineering - 468
Nuclear Engineering - 470
Petroleum Engineering - 472

English Language and Literature/

Letters - 520
Creative Writing - 522
Famlty and Consumer Sciences/
Human Sciences - 540
Foods, Nutrition and Wellness
Studies - 542

Foreign Languages, Literatures

and Linguistics - 550
Classics and Classical
Languages, Literatures and
Linguistics - 553
Comparative Literature - 554
East Asian Languages,
Literatures and
Linguistics - 555
French Language and
Literature - 556
German Language and
Literature - 557
Linguistics - 559
Russian Language and
Literature - 560
Spanish Language and
Literature - 561
Health Professions and Related
Programs - 600
Allied Health Diagnostic,
Intervention and Treatment
Professions - 602
Athletic Training/Trainer - 603
Clinical/Medical Laboratory
Science/Research and
Allied Professions - 605
Communication Sciences and
Disorders - 606
Dental Hygiene/Hygienist - 607
Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition
Services - 610
Nursing- 619
Predentistry Studies - 627
Premedicine/Premedical
Studies - 628
Preoccupational Therapy
Studies - 678
Prepharmacy Studies - 629
Prephysical Therapy
Studies - 682
Preveterinary Studies - 630

History - 700
Homeland Security, Law
Enforcement, Firefighting
and Related Protective
Services - 890
Criminal Justice/Law
Enforcement
Administration - 892
Forensic Science and
Technology - 894
Homeland Security - 897
Legal Professions and
Studies - 71 O
Prelaw Studies - 712
Liberal Arts and Sciences,
General Studies and
Humanities - 720
Humanities/Humanistic
Studies - 722
liberal Arts and Sciences/
Liberal Studies - 723
Mathematics and Statistics - 740
Applied Mathematics - 741
Mathematics - 742
Statistics - 743
Miiitary Technologies and Applied
Sciences - 360
Multl/lnterdlsclplinary
Studies - 770
Biological and Physical
Sciences - 771
lnternationaVGlobal
Studies - 772
Mathematics and Computer
Science - 773

Rel1g1on/Rehgious Studies 822

Physical Sciences - 830
Astronomy - 832
Astrophysics - 833
Atmosphenc Sciences and
Meteorology - 834
Chemistry - 836
Geological and Earth Sciences/
Geosc1ences - 837
Materials Science - 854
Physics - 843
Psychology - 870
Public Administration and Social
Services - 880
Human Sel'Vlces, General - 881
Public Administration - 882
Public Policy Analysis - 883
Social Work - 884
Social Sciences - 900
Anthropology - 901
Archaeology - 902
Criminology - 903
Economics - 904
Geography - 905
International Relations and
Affairs - 906
Political Science and
Government - 907
Sociology - 908
Theology and Religious
Vocations - 920

Parks, Recreation, Leisure and

Fitness Studies - 800
Parks and Recreation Facilities
Management - 802
Sport and Fitness
Administration/
Management - 803

Visual and Per1ormlng Arts - 940

Art History, Criticism and
Conservation - 941
Arts. Entertainment and Media
Management - 960
Dance - 942
Drama and Theater Arts - 943
Fashion/Apparel Design - 945
Film/Video and Photographic
Arts - 946
Fine and Studio Art - 947
Game and Interactive Media
Design - 970
Graphic Design - 948
Interior Design - 949
Music-950
Photography - 954
Technical Theater/
Theater Design and
Technology - 955

Personal and Culinary

Services - 810

UNDECIDED - 999

Natural Resources and

Conservation - 790
Environmental Science - 791
Environmental Studies - 792
Fishing and Fisheries Sciences
and Management - 793
Forestry - 794
Wildlife, Fish, Wildlands
Science/Management - 796

Phllosophy and Religious

Studies - 820
Philosophy - 821

C 2012 The College Board. All rights reserved. My College QuickStart is a trademark owned by the College Board.
PSAT/NMSQT is a registered trademark of the College Board and National Merit Scholarship Corporation.
The passages for this test have been adapted from published material. The ideas contained in them do not necessarily
represent the opinions of the College Board, National Merit Scholarship Corporation, or Educational Testing Service.

93366-01406 S712E3975 Pnnted in U.S.A.

OTHER - 990