BLS

You find a 59 yo male complaining of

shortness of breath.

1. What is the first thing you do? Ask, “Are you OK?”

He tries to speak but cannot. Now what? If he is trying to clear his airway, let him. If he
cannot or collapses, go into action.

If he cannot clear his airway... If he cannot, use Heimlich maneuver.

If he collapses... Use abdominal thrusts.

Do you use a blind finger sweep? No, you may lodge the blockage deeper or
more firmly.

If you see the blockage, what do you do? Remove it.

2. You see a 40 yo male collapse; what do 1st: verify unresponsiveness

you do? 2nd: call 911 and
3rd: get automated external defibrillator (AED)
4th: begin CPR

a. How do you verify unresponsiveness? Shake and shout

b. What are the four letters of CPR? A, B, C, D

c. What do the four letters stand for? A = Airway

B = Breathing
C = Circulation
D = AED

d. How do you check the airway? Look, listen, feel for 10 seconds. If no
respirations, reposition by head tilt/chin lift
method.

e. If neck trauma is suspected, how do Jaw thrust method.

you check/recheck the air way?

f. After it is established that there is no Give 2 breaths.

breathing, what do you do?

g. How long is each breath, and what Each breath should be about 1 second long
should you observe? with visible chest rise.

h. What is the rate for rescue breathing? 8-10 breaths/min and recheck pulse q2min. If
 there are no chest compressions, the rate is
10-12 or 1 breath every 5-6 seconds. Each
breath is to be 1 second.

i. Where do you check the pulse in an Carotid artery

adult?

j. How long do you check the pulse for? 10 seconds

k. If there is no pulse, what do you do? use 30:2 ratio compressions to ventilations;
push hard and fast at 100/min; release
completely; minimize interruptions in
compressions

l. How do you do compressions and push hard and fast at 100/min w/o pauses for
ventilations if there is an advanced airway? ventilations; 8-10 breaths/min

m. What is the compression depth for 1.5 to 2 inches.

adults?

m1. Explain the difference between 1 and There is no difference between the two; it is
2 person CPR methods. still 30:2.

n. You have an AED; explain the Turn the AED on. Attach the pads as pictured
procedure. on the AED removing extra hair, water, dirt,
etc so there is a good seal. Push the analyze
button. Follow directions. Even if patient
recovers, leave the AED pads in place until
EMS arrives and takes over care.

o. After an AED shock when do you Immediately.

resume chest compressions?

p. What is the recovery position? On patient's side with knees bent and arms
not under the body. Watch for good
respirations.

q. How often do you check for a pulse? Every 2 minutes.

r. 2 minutes of CPR is how many cycles 5 cycles of compressions and ventilations

of compressions and ventilations? equal 2 minutes.

s. When do you quit CPR? When totally exhausted, when EMS arrives,
when patient recovers.
Child BLS

You find a 2 year old in a swimming pool. He Remove them from the pool. Send for help,
is not moving. What do you do first? call 911, and get an AED if available.

You have sent for help, what is next? Look, shout, and shake.

There is no response; what's next? Open the airway. Check for breathing.

There is no breathing. Now what? Give two breaths—each about 1 second. It

must be enough to produce visible chest rise.

If you can't get a breath in—there is no visible Reposition, use chin lift, head tilt, check for
chest rise, then... any visible blockages—food, articles, etc.

You finally get a breath in and see visible After two breaths, check for a pulse.
chest rise, then you will do?

Where do you find a pulse in a young child? Brachial artery in the upper arm.

How long do you check for pulse? 10 seconds.

If there is a definite pulse, what do you do? Continue with rescue breathing.

What is that rate? What else do you do? A breath every three seconds. Check pulse
every two minutes.

If there is no pulse? Start compressions at the rate of 100 per

minute. Push hard and fast.

What is the ratio of compressions to breaths? 30 compressions to 2 breaths.

Each compression must have two things? Push hard and fast, and let chest recoil
completely.

If there are two rescuers, what is the ratio of 15:2

compressions to breaths?

How far do you compress the chest? 1 inch or optimally 1/3 the chest size

How many hands to do chest compression on One hand for child over 1 year old, and 2
a child? ...on an infant? fingers on a child less than 1 year old.

For CPR what is considered an infant and a Infant less than 1 year old; a child 1-8 years
child? old.

When do you use the AED in witnessed Immediately. Do not use an AED on a child 1
arrest? year old or less.
When do you use the AED in unwitnessed After 2 minutes of CPR, that is 5 cycles of
arrest? 30:2.

How young can you use the AED? Over 1 year old.

If there is a shockable rhythm, what do you Follow AED directions. Shock.

do?

After a shock, when do you restart CPR and Immediately after shock. You are to use 5
for how long? cycles of 30:2.

If there is NO shockable rhythm, what do you Continue 30:2 CPR until EMS arrives or
do? patient begins to move.

Adult BLS Algorithm

Pediatric BLS Algorithm
Summary:

Breath to compression ratios:

Adults: 30 compressions to 2 breaths 1 and 2 person
Child: 30 compressions to 2 breaths 1 person
15 compressions to 2 breaths 2 person
Infant: 30 compressions to 2 breaths 1 person
15 compressions to 2 breaths 2 person
5 cycles of breaths to compressions every 2 min. for all ( Adult, Child, Infant)
If the person is intubated compressions do not stop for breaths from the BVM
This is the American Heart Assoc. Guidelines for Health care provider CPR
A infant is 0 to 1 year
A child is 1 to 8 years
A adult is over 8 years
No AED use on under 1 year
Source(s):
Paramedic for 20 yr.'s and CPR instructor for 10 - 12 years

CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) Chart FUN CPR TRAINING Making

CPR Training Fun, and bringing it to you!
Always Check for Responsiveness first, then open the (A)-Airway, check for (B)-Breathing, and
check for (C)-Circulation (Pulse).

Adult Adult/Child Child/Infant Newborn Baby Conscious Choking Unconscious

Rescue CPR Rescue CPR Choking
Breathing Breathing
Shake Shake Victim Shake Victim Shake Victim Ask “Are You Shake
Victim Gently and Very Gently Very Gently Choking?” If Victim Victim
Gently and Shout “Are You and Shout “Are and Shout cannot speak or Gently and
Shout “Are OK” You OK” “Are You OK” breathe… Shout “Are
You OK” You OK”

Activate Activate EMS If alone, yell If alone, yell Perform abdominal Call 911!
EMS for help! for help! thrusts until object
Call 911! comes out or until
Call 911! victim becomes
unconscious.
Tilt forehead Tilt forehead Carefully tilt Carefully tilt Healthcare providers Tilt
back and lift back and lift the forehead the forehead may perform forehead
chin chin carefully. back and lift back and lift abdominal thrusts back and lift
carefully. chin. Open chin. Open on an unconscious chin to open
infant’s airway infant’s victim. airway.
only slightly. airway only
slightly.

Check Check Check Check If Victim can cough Attempt to

Breathing Breathing for Breathing for Breathing for or speak, do not give two
for Five (5) Five (5) Five (5) Five (5) perform abdominal breaths, if
seconds. If seconds. seconds. seconds. thrusts. Encourage no chest
breathing, victim to cough! rise, re-tilt
carefully airway and
place victim try again.
on side.* If
not
breathing,

Give Two Give Two (2) Give two (2) Give two (2) For a small child or If no chest
(2) slow slow Breaths. slow breaths. slow breaths. infant do not rise,
Breaths. Pinch nose Place mouth Place mouth blindly sweep the healthcare
Pinch nose and blow into over nose and over nose mouth. Only providers
and blow mouth. mouth for and mouth for remove object if it is perform five
into mouth. baby. baby. seen. abdominal
thrusts,
mouth
sweep, and
attempt
breaths.

Healthcare Healthcare Check for Check pulse For infants, Support For a child
providers providers pulse for ten for ten head, neck, and and
check for check for neck (10) seconds. seconds. back, then perform infant,perfo
neck pulse pulse for ten Check pulse Check pulse up to five (5) back rm mouth
for ten (10) (10) seconds. on the inside on the inside blows and up to five sweeps
seconds. Lay people of upper arm of upper arm (5) chest thrusts. only if you
Lay people may check for against bone against bone. can see
check for pulse or just for infants. If no pulse, object in
signs of begin start CPR. mouth.
circulation compressions

If you are Compress If pulse Compress If airway still For an

sure there is chest of victim present, give chest five (3) blocked, repeat infant,
pulse, give with two hands one breath times give procedure until baby support
one breath thirty (30) every five (5) one (1) begins to cry. head, neck,
every five times and give seconds. If no breaths. and back,
seconds. If two (2) pulse, start Compress and use
no pulse, breaths. CPR (30 two fingers back blows
start CPR. Continue for a compressions on infant. and chest
minute. and 2 breaths). thrusts
One hand for instead of
child and 2 abdominal
fingers for thrusts.
baby.

*The age for an infant is from birth to 1 year of age, a child is from 1-8 , and an adult is above
the age of 8. Depth of compressions is approximately 1 ½ -2 inches for an adult, 1-1 ½ inches for
a child, and a ½ inch-1 inch for an infant. Check pulse after one minute, and every few minutes
thereafter. If an adult is found unresponsive, call 911 immediately. If a child or infant is found
unresponsive, and you are alone, begin resuscitation for one minute, and then call 911. For
victims with suspected spinal injury, perform a jaw-thrust to open airway.

Reference:

American Heart Pediatric:

http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/112/24_suppl/IV-156#SEC2

American Heart Adult: http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/112/24_suppl/IV-

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