Myanmar

Newspaper Reader

Myanmar Newspaper Reader

Copyright 01996 by MRM Inc
All rights reserved.
No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronk or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information
storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of MFM Inc.

~n inquiries should be directed to:

p r m , p.0. Box 400, Kensington,

m, 20895 U S A

BBN: 1-88126548X
Library of Congress Catalog Number:96486039
Printed and bound in the United States of America

Luzoe

Table of Contents

Page

Preface
Part 1- Fifty-Two Myanmar Newspaper Selections

it

g
$

Part fT- English Translations of the Myanmar Selections

1: UNESCO officials arrives to discuss projects
2: Freighter hijacked in the South China sea
3: Breastfeeding mothers awarded
--. .4: Aiding the new generation attain computer literacy . .
5: Heavy rains trigger mudflows from volcano
6: Earthquake in north Sumatra
7: Giving up the tobacco habit
8: The country's future (part 16)
9: Water to be supplied on rotational basis in East Yangon
: Superman star not recovered yet
..

. .

i:

20 1
20 1
20 1
202
202
203

-.

11:
12:
13:
14:
15:
16:
17:
18:

19:
20:
21:
22:
23:

1
1

1
I

24:
25:

26:
27:

28:
29:
' '

30:
31:'
32:
33:
34:

Foreign
- Affairs Deputy Minister meets UN envoy
International fashion show
Thai Deputy Minister calls on Brigadier General Abel
Greening of Magway Division put into effect
Hosho volcano belches smokes and ash
Hit-and-run driver drops licence plate at scene
of accident; cyclist killed on the spot
Rapid growth in economy while many are still
in poverty
Dance and music courses to deter influence of
decadent cultures
Raw opium seized
Basic education schools open
Yangon GEC to issue Golden Ironwood Blossoms
Myanmar delegation leaves for Geneva
Let shopkeepers of stalls in Bayinnaung market be
Crocodile hunting teams formed in Thailand to
ease public panic
Bulletin 1/95: Prevent extinction by sparing
spawning fish and fry for normal consumption later
Increase the use of firewood substitutes
University level quiz on general knowledge about
the armed forces
Japanese pianist arrives
End of Monsoon Retreat Festival featuring
the Buddha's return from Tavatimsa to be held
Ho Chi Minn invitational international athletic meet
-Boy sleeping under mosquito net dies of snake bite
Moderate Monsoon
Two kyat stamps commemorating
suppression of narcotic drugs to be issued
Heroin seized in Lashio and Mandalay
~Zemin
says China has never been and never
at to other countries

--

--

- L.._

Croatian forces seize Knin

Deputy Minister inspects archaeological sites
Let's plant monsoon rice early
Work committee for holding Myawady Dance
competition meets
Foreign Anti-narcotics officials arrive on study mission
US and Japan reach agreement on car sales dispute
A Greater Mandalay in the not-too-distant-future
Safeguard natural forests for long term h e f i t s
Myanmar fruits gaining popularity
Achievements of the Yangon City Development
Committee; Sports and social activities
Meng La border area
New landmark in history of the Red Cross Society set;
IVational tasks fulfilled
Alternative fuels to firewood
Message from Senior General Than Shu e: Chairman of
the State Law and Order Restoration Cocncil, on the
occasion of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the United Nations
Upgrading the Myanmar gem market from
the mid-year gem emporium
Myanmar women's rights
Part HI- General Glossary
Part IV- Appendices
A: Abbreviations
B: Numbers, time, days, months and seasons
C: Directions, the Wire Services
D: The Myanmar ~ l ~ h a b (A
e t brief history)

b
f

IF,

I?

Preface

:
i

This reader is intended for a student of the Myanmar language who has
mastered the Myanmar alphabet primer and now wishes to pursue a course
ultimately leading to an appreciation of Myanmar literature by starting on
journalistic literature which affords a wide coverage of subjects. Fifty-two
articles are included from headline stories to editorials culled from two
Myanmar dailies in Yangon. The New Light of Myanmar and The Mirror
issued during May to October 1995.

1
I
I

18

14

f4

ty2

Following the pattern of the Dunwoody Press Newspaper Reader series, the
first part consists of the article in the original Myanmar script, with acomplete
list of words provided with the respective contextual meaning. Structure
words such as auxiliary verbs, postpositional markers, conjunctions and
particles which appear repeatedly in many of the selections are omitted from
the vocabulary in the later selections. Should there be a need to find out their
meaning or usage, the Glossary can always be consulted. Notes on grammatical points and general information on subjects peculiarly Myanmar are added
where necessary.
A full translation of each selection appears in the second part. Words
contained in the vocabulary of the selections are listed alphabetically in the
Glossary which forms the third part. Here, the different parts of speech of a
word and definitions are given in a dictionary-like format so that different
contextual meanings in the selections are covered.
--

A general overview of theMyanmar alphabet is treated in the final part which

also contain appendices pertaining to numbers, months and days, abbreviations etc.
Finally, I would like to acknowledge my debt to Stephen A Bladey, Product
Development Chief of Dunwoody Press for starting me on this i~teresting
project and to U Thet Tin, Editior-in-Chief and Daw Khin Nwe Nwe,
Executive Editor of the Department of the Myanmar Language Commission
for their unflagging efforts to help me in many different ways.
Luzoe

p%

-A%

by

>

r2.
r:py
isc

it

Selection One

Vocabulary
n
n

UNESCO
task; project
v observe
v discuss
conj in order to
v arrive
n (name)
n June
pa
26

ppm from
m&cun&
adj assislanr
B~E:~vYI1:qi&
n direclor
general
n Mr.
3d4wdqd44: n (name)
pprn subjective
=2?
case marker
~$M{ZC
n (name)

FA

v
part
n
ppm

=d

.u8c4:p

4
$48:

n
5

;by ailA
~ ~

I
t

i
.

PPm to
part begin, start
ppm sentence final marker

=is

Ministry of
Education
- 0 C K y f j ~ c 8 ~ n officials
03
ppm subjective
case marker
KU&
n airport

opcVo$@p+

projects3
objective
case marker
co-ordinate
today
afternoon

"q.
s;:c@:
~ ~

being
which

Selection Two

98

PPm at
@=?sd=d v welcome
part noun forming particle
~om8:
n news
v get; obtain
4

t
I

1
+

Vocabulary

ccm8mpdo6cod n

(name)

in1
freighter
be hijacked2
(name)

qgm&
I.

mc&:oj

2.

~QE8:6q

is an abbreviation for E + v = ~ 8 : ~ $The ivlyanmar News

~

The word '

functions as a postpositional marker indicating instrumental case. It functions as a conjunction as well.
r a noun indicates plurality.
iiional marker '

oEmy

ppm
n
v
n

65'occurring after a noun denotes instruusage to the preposition 'with' or 'by'.

8;
A

n June
J
n 26 .
dm
n Reuters
mES333:m:482. n (name)
acanf. .
ppmf0r.j..
T401$:v
n freight
M
C
;&

carry

Panamian
registered
&a+ - .
n (name)
~$4;
n tonnage
=O33
n 1055
adj
past .
%+$a
CCO:
n
four
.

9(-J3

4.
. : . .

...

03

. .
. .,.*.
. ..

n day
part word indicat. . .= .
..
ing. approxi-.
.
malion3
ppnt temporal case
marker; at4
~

F eq
'

Cd:

3 ~ ~ 2
03
I

mfAq9.

v
part

undergo
word to convey the sense
of making a
report

n
owner
ppm subjective
case markerS
n

ppm

rAEp

n
conj

+$

Selection Three

6.rclsq=d
m$i~"syp:

PE

present
whereabouts

do not know,
(be) unknown

Sunday

PPm on
v
disclose
4 d u L p p n those on board

possessive cas
marker; of
fate
and

78:
adcud

pron
cadv

he
go on to

Vocabulary

Notes
1.

T h e postpositional markera is suffixed to nouns ro i~ldicateeither time

or place.

2.

The word &q imparts a passive voice to the preceding verb.

3.

T h e particle a$. indicates an a p p ~ o x i m ~quantity.

te

4.

The postpositional marker cn functions as a nominative or tempora!

in literal use and as locative in colloquial use.
As above.

I
I

5.

BeZ{c+&c~:
8aE

v
n

breastfeed
mother.!- '
-- word for
plurality
prize; reward
award
(name)
October

"

4
'

a.

5
The Mirror
Daily
mother's milk
systematically
f e d ; nourish

, .

part

word signifying
certainty
adjective forming par~iclc
dative case
marker
noun forming
particle
public
lecture; talk
ceremony
Sep tern ber

30
day

. ..

e4:b ~ 9 . 5
98

Bbrd

n
2pm
PPm at
n
township

TOC

Maternal
and Child
Welfare
Association
v
hold
conj as
n district
surgeon

E{ZcT

8aE9$rn~:
-cpdcYm

qc:o

v
a4;zocpo4

@:

adj

~9tl$5:

n
qf: Y J E ~ ' O ~ O $ n
c3T&c&mE

c~TY
Y I52
2 % ~
=$.02

n
n
n
n

n
n
c$uSo~cxnE8sZ n

avQ

mother
mother

COCCU:

n
n

child
60

3:

great
(name)'
public health ,&cvd
doctor
(name)'

Selection Four

doctor
(name)
chairman
member
USDA3
nurse
expecting

8s;
Go

part classifier for

counting
persons
v attend

T $ Y I I l ~ &J "E

~acy&oEcsose~$
$Eso$sE$ja$js

I
.

q ~ q l I l m m 6 wcq,
~ ~ cy~m$jm6svnS3a3:co:~:
~ ~ : ~ ~

na~qll~

fl

= c E ~ o xF.@:cqPv:~
~
qj4qjl[cm3az+:~[ m 6 s o a . s m 8 g 6
c c
sc\?qFsgevd$ @ ~ n o 6 c a o : m 9$rl;mw+oS
+apE:~m~aq:hi
gG:bEzaoEE:%:y 3 a c ~ 3 a s q v + uL
~ : v:sTnS@gmlca3:~:

$326

part word denoring collective action

Notes
1.

c m is an honorific title used by Kayin and Shan nationals as a

prefix to the name of males.

2.

3.

is an honorific title fo
same manner as 3:. is for a male.It is also a kin term for aunt when
rep!icated.
The Union Solidarity and Development Association (USDA) is registered with the Ministry of Home Affairs of 15 September 1993. The
Chairman, State Law and Order Restoration Council is its patron.

c3T

aid; fulfil a

Lieutenant

SelectionFive

evtnt; occa-

&5P~8~:
949;m$@4CS

(name)
COCOC.

[
9
:
$
:
Y
3
3
4
3
2
9
9

rr

bisic compoier knowl-

renovate
progress L.
made in im-

32vfiv:CY3.

0.

.
~
b
@
3
:
3
3
~
1
1

m$:

part v!c.rd indicatinstructions

ppm sentence
final marker

. .

+$

p . u ~ : m p p y ~ : p c ~oeyq;jd:c-:5,
~

~cuoycpccaac

molten lava,

conj because of

Order Restoratior: Council.

2.

Althoughjust the ~ 3 r d is~ equivalent

~ :
in meaning to 'go' and would
s usually added in literal and formal usage.

comedown

ppm

subjective
case marker
to safety
v
run away
part word to
indicate
definitiveness3
part word denoting
collective
action4
part have toS
part word to convey the sense
of making a
report
part emphatic
particle6

uz:q,

+92+
=0;34
P3aPm:

EF

relief official
v state; report
adv in that manne
n concentrated
lava7

ppm
n
part
conj

$911~
"ZoilT

6eaw956

=+33$

for
villager
as/ ;-&fi/1Cr
oF
in order to
Police chief
(name)
request
it is said

Probably meaning volcanic ash in the sludge flowing down.

See under Abbreviations.

3.

The particle* denotes definitiveness of some past or future action.

,4.

The particle
is suffixed tc verbs to denote collective action. Its use
k however optional.

j.
I

ff

i5 .
6.
I

=:

Selection Six

rnoS;~oSccpa~n
$

; :

..+..,, .,: . ., -. . '

<wdTe&

The particle 9 is often addeG for emphasis.

i

-.

North
Sumatra
ppm in -

316318-

a 8

~q@,:{&
R1.d

n
n

v
n
n
n
n

cqEqd
qrmm
~c/SmEm

is also an empk:,tiic p a ~ ~ i c l!ne .tills co!irext ~ t use

s secms
The word
to be just a stylistic affectation as the statement could do very well
without it.
fers to tuff brought down along with volcanic ash and

Vocabulary

earthquake.
(name)
September
5
MNA1
AP2

(name)
city, capital
~ c ~ d c f j w & mn
d north west

fe

n
n

mile
far

fi

i.

be

03394
El8

n
rr

(name)
town

W'

028
-

ppm a13
039+.
n Monday
PPm on
~ 8 ~ m c c m : n Richter scale

4.8

3 3 3 ~0

=,s=:

iI

strength

.. . . .

..

--

,
i
I

Selection Seven
part

classifier for
counting
things
v
quake, jolt
part become a reality
cunj as

3
3
s

q a ~ ~

+:&%

ppm sentence final

marker
~n q loss
p of
&life
conj and
n

property

not be; not hav

6
,
8
6
,
&

mCg3':k:

c
3c:

v
part

worddenoting
collective
action
have (cause to)
word conveying the sense

Antara News

marker
report; state

@&qv

people in

ppm subjective case

maker

6 a 8JL4 ~ 0 a ~ F ~ 8

~ a : 6 6 g ~ + ~ q. p~:a : & 6 ~ m 6 z + : ~ 3 ga+c ~. ~q & ~ ~ l?.$

qqp:

% y

03%

.-

part

g$..%&E

JL

r'yl-- qz:6qqzsp~+m
30 ~-~YC*):XE C ~ : C $ ~ E ~ X $
-m GGD:Q~E:$~~~:
@EG@E:
qJ:m~T2jET
0

C.

O C

%-

63103-

{E t~&sqE:o.$

q.-J~Jq63Smgaq:G+-qE

G@@:+II

from their

+&crr:u
T,

onto the roads

run out

meteorology

c;a:d6cru3&1

n
n
n

smoking
chewing
tobacco
habit

80306

ban
CO:
part do1
C Z D : & ~ $ ~ ~
rr cigarette
addict
c a 3 : d S ~ m & q : n~
smoking

;%

m:

N oees
1.
2.

See under Abbreviations.

See under Abbreviations.

disclose; sped

June
2

rng-:cSS

Reuters

cczm&cTe9,

advertisements

96

advertise
government

nii~:~ch.l:~Scp

n
usage to the prepositions i n , at, among).

part word denoting politeness

n
n

mcP3:m:

olw.CU3:

World's Nonsmoking Day

Pam on
n (name)
n

health experts

appeal, urge
PaH emphatic
particle
n population
n nine million
PP" out of
n 50
n percent
v smoke

+@

$.Q+
GQ:Q&@:$

6;

qc:~C?:+8T
{ECdso;)8:o+

conj or
v chew tobacco
v is

Health
Secretary
c3l"s~mp~J~&d
n (name)
v speak
n

Note
I

1.
1

The particlew: in this phrase indicates that the action described by the
preceding verb has been done for sb's benefit.

Vocabulary
t.

i:
f

j1

p 6 6 d

A
c9.a

5:

n country
ppm of'

aG

cq*Sq-

?h$

942

road to be
travslled,
future
16
(name)
(name)
~uly

3 . ~ 4'3.3a

q:$31SqlS~C1:

yol 3

+
i
d

'

life under
alien rule'
colonial
period
divideand
rule
policy

ppnt because of

~ m 8 r n + : c 3 3n~ hills

7"-

- ..

LF$jOaJL'
V

:+,@F+03+

pq:~
~.22!

+Wi
m v a b
,

qdm6scl:

n
n
v

development
rate
not equal

w38:q+:#
8 : c d

region
many
dqd:
n independence3 afor~d
v get
OE
vart aftefl
n
dj

r
n
v

10

year
over
till
feudal times
in
be caught in a
vicious circle

g2 - ;.-

I
9

internal insurrection
n flame
v
burn, scorch
corfj well-nigh,
virtually
part emphatic
particle
be
economy
social status
zero
opium fumes'
shroud
also
been quite
a while

Notes
I.
I

2.

The word d indicates possessive c a e .

During thecourse of three wars with the British, Rakhine, on the west
and Tanintharyi in the south was annexed by the Bntish in 1826,
LowerMymmarfellin 1852 aild rheres~;ri !ASS. .*.frer :he t i i r d AngloMyanmar war in 1885, the whcle coiiniry ce:ised to exise as a sovereign
kingdom andbecame a province of British I ~ d i aThe
. phrase3.c&0
literally means 'life of a foreigner's vassal'.
w&-attained on 4" January 1948.

16

4.

e: as a verb means to come to an end, to be completed or finish sth (as

in q5glEe:E~~)
and when suffixed to a verb denotes its completion(as i n
C\a&cuS~T~(fl:~v&). When placed between a verb describing some
action and another describing subsequent action or state, it functions as
a conjunction (cno~5m:e: E4o211).

v
8:g+x9
n
c y 9 6 h \ : 3 a ~ ~ ~ ng
n
n
n
part

-A .

5.

During the reign of Myanmar monarchs opium was banned as Buddhist

precepts forbid the taking of liquor and intoxicants. After the British
annexation of Rakhine however, opium from Bengal began to make
inroads into the country and later cultivation of the opium poppy was
encouraged in some of the hill regions.

/
~$.COCO:

Iselection Nine

dq4 ~323CrS$m
j

(cE:Q)
trq+qSEl.~O);~ $ o E ~ ~ cq$T+EC~c&
~ c & 3acq.y~:
~ 0~c ~
40S4jrir:+ m&+:~qqp: E$COW:~J&$+~
.
~CY;033:~q~~Ern$+
c riot O C
, J C - ~ O - C ~ ~ - ? + ++A Grq$aZoac
qommyc:qcsp
poScnq&
0
C
g&odE:pec
~ q c p $ : m 6 @ : q p : GWE:+E@:~ ~acgqoqa:-:qx$~~
C O C
O C
a + o l qSUSmmyc:qcsp
a&odE:p+
3aKmEE:EEmEq6~~:
E ~ a 3 & 9 m j m a CQE: ~ q c + : o ~ o S ~ - n j ~ Zo{cmq.$aoa&
:
3acyzq
3~

L I1

'

c'ild

part

v
part
n
n

~353

co$m

cTMTZm$

C 1 - -

a9&EF

co:cozp:q$

<cpOaE

cam+:$

smim:~m$i~

c ~ ~ ~ : z c +()~{co&
E < ;GOila$?$x6<
r

O C

@Isi.$
xmqcsprn ~o&m:o@f:

cxqq

5qm$11

3C-30-(23

gsae
k3:

distribute

word indicating continu9

ing process
be
that
~2
(name)
0 3
reservoir
a q cr :
19-10-95
+:o

v
conj
Part

cotlj
~ ~ n
FFm
adv
(+cor~dEZ: n

n day
qd
if&
n morning
i~0sGp.Q
6:30 am
cySo6qZ:~+Zcp adj electrical
Q&mqd
adv suddenly
I&0dZ:9
n
fault
ppm due to
C~,~$:Q&
n water pump

-14
T3d

e$

conj
PPtn

part
conj
v

n
adv

water
in turn

Yangon Cit)

ppm

run-. ...
markiifor
objective

ppm

sentence fi-

:.

.,

+.6PaCp
cyaa:

conj
tz

repair
and
word indicating
continuous
process
while
time; span
within
total
stoppage of
supply
does not
happen'
in order to
for, so as LO
sys tem
by
go on2
in order to
arrange
but; however
water pressure

C P C ~ . ~ Z : ~ U S ~n+ ~ eastern part

pad
tz

The Mirror

marker for
v

greater)
than3
be low
be

be frugal

+:*

use

part

word denoting
collective
action

01

part

word to denote
politeness
anthority
concerned4

'=w"=

i
I

~&Jq&p

4c@d:: d
3

pprn
v

part

subjective
case marker
remind
word conveying the sense

2.

3.
!

4.

Selection Ten

=7.8&8

a&-8

fOC0$0~6338

of making a report
know

Notes
1.

1-

Vocabulary
means to have not when combined with nouns but in combination
with someaf the gerunds it denotes that such action does not take place.

As a v e r b v means to go but it often follows another verb or particle

to indicate a continuing process.
-03 is derived from the noun am& which denotes sth of h~gherstaius
or greater degree. Its antonym is d which denotes sth of lower
status or lesser degree. The conjunction d denoting ' (lower, less)
than wouM be more appropriate here.
means sb or sth concerned but here it elridenrly refers :o
someone ia authority.

a&+p

c~oIQE:e2:xn:
v ~ C Q

ca -

a:

vccv$~8cS
cm+$:m:

84
J"
gold:

9a9S

Superman
star
v recover
part not
part emphatic
particle
n (name)
n (name)
n June
n 28
n Superman
film n

m:

4:

n
n

m:

part

ppm
EG
v@?B:adj
C\Y~

part
pron

p&9Zmq&mE n

film
three
numerical
classifier for
counting
films, pictures, etc
by means of
famous
become1
one
film-ac~or

. .

aq2djm48

n
'n
n
n
n
n

J?
?&

ppm

68:

J.5'
a c r ~
gP
m&&:f,:

(name)
42
. year
March
27 ..
day

c,&rn8)o&

soas:
P
Q

El

n
ppm
ppm
v
conj

week
within
from
start, begin
when

QQ+:

f;o:ol:rr2m!j(
&lx&o&Qq

conj rind

v$:

spine"
tion
fracture
ppm will
9s
word denotb6
v is
ing sense of
n hospital
GD:$
certainty
ppm sentencecna1 ~ p ~ c y ~ ~fi < S ~P qD ~ C S
ppm subjective m
marker
case marker
pron he, the afore-

1s

32
v

qc:

a:39&~:ST

"'@qG

ad
n

m:

said
medical
university

=e:4~3

pa

fracture

gimd

be joined

n
n

treatment
work, opera-

LTJS

npm at
~ ; - J - ,1: Q ~ : w .v : L receive
treatment

8:~d
; uT

after
now

33$

Fa+$:
,

+c:;

i
.

.
. . . . .
. ..
.
. ,. .
: .
.
. .
. . ...

ii '

22

'

.. i

. L P

.6.

..

Q$?
m o $ h

v , excercise

. -.

,.

...

...

.
,

part word denoting a

prerequisite
condition
ppm will

. .
.. , . - . . . .
'

<

... -

'.

-...-

:.

j
:!

..

{.

..

-.

'. :.
1.

-..-__.i

..

I .

-.

official
comment

n
v

.
.':

. . .:

.
.

_.
..

n
v
part

cnk

q c r ~ ?

A ,

long term
n medical
treatment
v continue to
receive
pad word denoting affirina-

~5

2:

convalescent
home

v
fall, tumble
conj as
n
cervical
verkbra; neck

part
v complete
dm$:
conj although
( i j 4 ~ $ ~ 4 ~ ~ :np . recuperation
v gain; get
-

9tcv3

&4-2?~-$~

in
horse
'from2

gs:
8:s:

., . -

. ...

Notes

1.
~ ~ ~

2.

as a verb means to come, but when suffixed to sonze verbs it

conveys the notion of beginhing to feel sth or, as is the case here, reach
some stage of development:
. .
An elided firm of ocdor s m d meaning "a place located above"
is usually prefixed to the postpositional marker? (from) in describing
a fall or descent from a supedor location. This prac~iceis especially

qclsol

[elation Eleven

accompany

c o n j when
z~~p!Jij$~Bcp b d j international

o$@:P+

IZ

Ministry of
Foreign APfairs

+j,so$:

2:aiws

rt

{&@.cV

ppm dative case

marker

m:

*q.

today
Z C + ? V ~
3pm
4:+.3~~&3~4
n annex

fI

TOE\

-2.3

WOSaxA

d i )

44

Pay a
courtesy call,
pay respects
meet
greet
picture below

n organization
part marker for
plurality
conj and
n (govemmenl)
department
n (name)
n I l am
n officials
conj while'
pron his
n itinerary
adv relating to
n coordination
v do; make

ad,? on that occasion

Vocabulary

adj foreign affairs

n Deputy Minister
n UN'
represen tative, envoy
v meet; call on
n (name)
n October

9
MNA'
UN
Human
Rights
Commissior?
Professor
(name)
member
(name)

3f
r

is an abbreviation of the word c p s u g .

I.

9c0

2.

See under Abbreviations.

2:

is a honorific title prefixed to the names of grown men and monks.

Among Rakfiine n a ~ i o n d sthe word forms ihe initial in the name of the
firsr-born child.

n
n
n
v
v

032cq:y
ai:cn6:
e cct?

I
I

q$T$ s+ i :umE:as)
C
0
9\uAyiji qf:oq@c:d
mam$Qdq&cp
$fe3a3:3:pi
0
'
6
,
,
p
~
:
,
:
,&t:$m&Z:
qE:$:aZeEgq@:
;Et&5:350:6
00
C
C
w 2rc q : f t a j : n & : ~ c c q0 ~m
: ~n p : ~ z ~ a q ~ ~ P m z ~ ~

+$kzgcT a.;n:Eg.ae
m~-:~?~m338m;~tl
mQ&Es3a.~nm$Et~
SCUI 3jnslSmgm8Zt~ ~ $ G - E ~ - ~ K I
c or

s+,-I

eor.
Q/'3@++CCl

5P.j31)9~$r?l
PC?):~:~~~O~$E~I
COQ

02

C C C -

C)jO+QCCI

oe
99:m:

0C

: mh1cm$&lc 1 x z ? @ ~ . ~ ~ m ~ c m a m ~ m 8 ZCk) C
1 C U : ~ : Q C ~o
I lrnmmq
r

3C.

ngmwamk-ac-I

roc

umaYcmgm;Etl

ks-EpE$+Te

S~mq&mG&SmimgmfEt9C
- -.

t
; 33

$ E t oloi-5

25+3c5-3

Q ~ : G ~ ~ G T , c :i
C

m m z

or.

QCCGG~C:

A-

~ ~ m $ l l

Vocabulary

q.9:cu$

E2i

culture
tradition
custom
know
understand

v is
adj aforesaid

3401
486
qdE$q.=p"
426

(name)

(name)

452
n (name)
I-G~~C~(P=~P
cpaq486
rz (name)
n (name)
3 Z ! $ J : F P : ~ I I a { (name)
&~n
qu$f82
n (name)
4+w:mpm48Z: n (name)

$&330a{E2

-4h$q.s+ydm6
n
330mf82
scc~:~:?Ei:
n
o?rnpcn~~pcu6r8
n

33pmfEZ:

(name)
(name)
(name)
(name)

rt
sdgzsomget
q ~ : 0 ~ ~ c ~ 9 n8 : (name)
dqcO&3gmyrrSms
4 n d ~ 6 m p c n 4 8 2 n (name)
E $ c d P E { 4 Z C n (name)
Q=$
etc.. .
88~:~le:
n
total

=!I
422
0108

n
n
v

633

countries
15
counlry
participate
exhibit,
display
.rj,

: f4;
,

-" 2

P**

z ~ b $ i j $ 4 8 ~ . . adj international
0.1sq8h$
n fashionshew
i

qe:o

r:

hold

$4

n
n
n

(name)
June
3

i 86
3

hi
qe:ug8:
3S3my$Q&qrd

adj

n
n

this'
holding;
convening
the primary
aim

ppm subjective
czse mhrker'
82233A:d:
n differe~t
countries
~ k & a S : ~ : pa women

a 6 ~ : 9 $ m- s ~ :
@(i2:$t,Z~Z29ffi:

- ,.

.2ri-L

Fqj

:?r+f$

-"

Notes
1.

s!r-t'

and its colloquial form'd' is also used in the manner of the adverb
C'
.'
'here', 'a\pgp'
'from here and theret,'?+d$ c SIL here'

,:zki~r

2.

The subjective case marker

friendship

and promote

closer lies

,
>

.,.

-.
-?'

332 is also applicable.

.E'

.. .. .. ..

0 4 ~
4E:{Zt

kction Thirteen

n
n

minister
(name)

4.
mccpcls

q:~{:~~:~&~CI:
06@:~9

sSmnSumZt8

?J

2:

n
v
conj
n
n
part

v
part

n
n
ppm
n
!I

Brigadier
General
(name)
objective
case marlier
Thai
Depuly Minister
meet; call on

n
n
n
n

984

BZ

30

n
n

d4m

(name)
October
10

~~:rn:$Gn3~:~$

8:$p:tq$g&
+ : m ~ - A ~ o + @ : ~n+ Ministry of
National Pianning and Economic development

Ministry of
+4
Commerce
48:
Sub Lieuten- q~y&sn:
ant
:cJ8:-2QnSy
(name)
+cY&~
lead

and

,s

PP* to
v come1
conj while
n
n
n
n

two
country
trade
cooperation

relevant
matter
part particle for
itemization
part marker for
plurality

member
32
QP
numerical
classifier for qq($jp
n investment
persons
4
ppnl objective case
marker
include
adjective
q2:8:g~~&S3 adv in a frank and
friendly manforming parner
ticle
v discuss
delegation
q:q:
n official
today
moq#yGj:S
c o ~ jalso
11:30am
03&sT&
v
attend2
(name)

032:

Office of the
~ o r e i In~n
vestments
Commission

.-it,

jSj\&"
ti;:,,,

r: !, .?;
:. . ;?:;

.:.:.

?.<::<;

. ,..,...~,...
:k

!
i

Although the verb m 'to come' by itself suffices, cFp& meaning 'to
arrive' is usually combined to it in formal statements as a euphonic
accessory.
A% above.

USDA
(name>
roadside
left and right
along4
total
strength
over five
thousand
cassia

n
Y

n
adv

aurantia
flame tree
peacock's
pride
rain tree
leak
including
township
accelerate
village circles
keep on (doin;

Selection Fifteen

&

(x2Sx2Esx21 c 3 8 )

C O C .

II
3

C O C

E&zo&cq$B:cp6

oaE

000

3009

(m$8:~mZ),

2.

3.

The postposieional marker 39 following a noun indicates accord and

is equivalent in usage to adverbs according to,in accordance with, in
keeping with.
adverbs throughout, all along.

c o t m+ol8:omEcf1

c3mQv:m

46

or

qcq-ad"

Q&6$q~p:m~~:$:
U A U O n;U~:q~30pq~
S~

G.1mcm;~~c9~33~~E
~

qx2qp: O ~ ~ ~ ~ : ~ ~ ~ E : ,

~ $ 1 1

Names o f towns, villages, months, and associations are not defined in

the vocabulary but are mentioned in the translation in :he same order 3:;
the Myanmar version.

8 : c m
r ~
r- ~ ~ 07jcEPGmm$11
q p :

~ ~ : G W E

The particle c v is suffixed to a verb or noun :o denote a stale, acrior:

or skill.

YOST&

S$Ezo$l~

r
I

c q

.------

300x2,
~aom!E:m 8:?:yp:+F@yp:

8:cmEx2$5 mq&3zov:coT+
3aGFcx

c ~ t h r n ~ : r n o ,q ~

+srn~s4q-,

qe

me
G
,e,m$

j37 + 6 k W

)&col::

Ezooern:cq.cn q G p : $ c b ~ :

u 7 8 ~ : c ~ Z B s&zooam:
9~

1.

008

6&@$ll

,,g,~

Notes

q o q p c c 3 6 ~ s m c y c : qqPb):c-e~$

%: e , , , ,
Gm:&&yA
& ~ ~ ~9&&$~:q6
~ C U $ :

./-

Vocabulary

44

8 : ~ d

IZ

@
~2

n
cvnj

(name)
volcano
ash
and
belch, blow

3?

3&33;63

13
MNA

n
n

(name)
southeast

t1

Re located

qo~{ai:
mcnronEQtS:

p6~lZ:

he of a certain duration
Part about
v
lie dormant
conj af~er
Thursday
n
Y
move, act
n
AP news
v
report
n southwest
n
mile
500
n

n
n
n
adv

distance
(namej
~refecture
early
8%
near
n
region
PPm onto
v
fall, drop
n
height
?l
f'o9 t
5084
z;

adj
CI
%E

aforesaid
locals
(name)

m4.

o;,
d$

Part

Q&E$:
+&&add

v
adv
adv

sulphur
that
name, know
suddenly
in connection
with

Selection Sixteen

c~S:cqS~

0 ~ 9 z
CNm

n
v
v
on

expert
study
keep an eye

word denoting continuous process

area
re
..
aa;)6:
n
inside
oEO8tAqp<' QC: n
ingress and
egress
e
Part (negative
particle)
do
61
v
CUE:
c
conj also
OP~:@&~&
n
forbiddance,
ban
issue
.P&~B
v
am:
Pad word denoting present
continuous
conditi:)n
'q

Part

~J4aa

Vocabulary

cdd:

d)dcE:

n
v

033:

PI

bicycle
hit-and-run
car
licence plate

@
h\W

adv on the s p o ~
v die; he killed
BE

(name)

The Mirror

8$

pIi
)O

3q6
3;.

n
n

night
8
0' clock
10

qAdY
m'38:w:q;
co'32:48
~gcfim

n
part

minute
about

n
n

FPm at
n
(name)
n
township
@Ad
R
(9) ward
(e).l%d
n
(6) ward
(G)qh?$
ppm between3
ak:
ZO~CU&:
n
(name)
:
tt
culvert
ppm just past
=c+
+4dp
n
motor acciden t
v happen; occur
n
one
m&
n
No 4. Middle
=ds)
School
n
school comcqp&oc':
pound
ppm in
aqE:
v
live
4.Sa
v=?% n resident
-=&++:
tr
(name)*
=m&(JG)$
age (26)

XKZ~&O?

rn

=+=P

&
r9fi4udj:P8
@Y
084&

5:calE:
3&q3

-:+Sq&+:

Notes

from home
to have dinner
n
food stall
v
leave
conj as; while
adj
n

1. The particle mm: is often suffixed to the name of a certain wade or

activity to denote a person's proficiency in it.
2.

aforementioned
place

motor vehicle
v
lose control
ppm from behind
v
hit; bump inlo
conj as; because
n
v

, 73

- 2%

3. The postpositional marker=@: indicates an intervening period, space

or occurrence, equivalent in usage to prepositions between, among,
amongst, amidst.

The word v{ in addition to being a generic term for all timepieces,

denotes "hour" or " o'clock" when suffixed to a numeral.

4.

qig

The honorific term

is used with the name of a young male. For the
Rakhine nationals however, it forms part of the name itself.

p;-*

~$->
7i;:,.

head
injury,
wound
drive away

I , ,

i kr&

i,?

; ; 7$

..J+$

-;,I

conj though
+"I&@:
n
license plate
(cu/?oGn)
(La/ 7068)

dm&.

G\$Jq

drop

q?$
OX$~QL

v
n

leave behind
motor vehicle
police

aqm@:

adv

+Q&:

pet>
1

urgently
investigrtte;
m x e cnquries

@-

, &:",,L
*
I

,at

*"

.-.
i

*;

1 -3

i
,

I
i

a-L

sg~@d
kction Seventeen

n
n

~1:+$8d&{:

n
~ c m E s c o $ c u 5n~
0 3 3 ~ ~

n
adv
n
n
conj
d j
or.
+:m0S$E:
8:m++$:1
.- ------eoam:cp:
-

' c or
Pc:+cG=
03WCUy9:V:
k

yO~my8c4:v:oaE

~g.

~ : ~ C C Y 3 ~ ; 5 ) $ 3 2 CJ?G~#ZOZGF ~ ~ M : c v )

%m#?

-qrn
& ~ 8
4 ~ -

~ a

n
n

October
MNA

FF

R(?\il,-j~

Pi

$82:

~c

3ee9-~3 ?+d

~d*cy6c{:

ppm due to
v make history

cmdd

part just about

n luxury car
ride; drive
to be able
private sector
mobile
telephone
use
up to
standard of
living"
high
Chinese
7 0 million

866,:

world
on1
highest
senior
economist
one
classifier for
counting
people
v comment
conj however

s6++:

+.*:N$:

,:

government
media
v depict
conj when

mask$3.a3003
(namej
1994-95

. . (.

- .

.,7h'" " "

have not
enough food
have not
enough
clothing

v
v

39

-,

industry

G
C

33{S:odd

n
w'Q
ppm
adj
sa&m$:
adj
n
% : g ~ ~ o % ~ E
ms
n
part

2:

economy
growth
be rapid
the poor
IS, are
still
(name)

eighth
five year
plan
period
implementation
a year
on the
average
rate
11.7
percent
while
this

5-

.-

dire poverty
exist
state; point
out

.. -

. . ..

selection Eighteen
Here the e l i d form of SCOT meaning "a place above", has been
combined h-5 the postpositional marker denoting place. It is also
possible to 2 2 WT by itself, in which case it functions as a
pustpo~itio:.~:marker denoting place equivalent to the preposition
"on".

Vocabulary
decadent
culture
deter
singing
dancing
instrumental
music
tutorial
class, course

SC

494

am&oa

J3

03i!jcq:B~+@PI

4 1.

open
ppm will, shall
n (name)
n Au~zs:.

bt

n
n

21
MNA.
Minisiry of

. .....~
.:./
..,
. ...:,
..a:;>:.
, .....
. ..

p:.
::=
.gq#
.

. .:".

r. ..s..,v,.t+
:.j:,k~
>:,.I..

._,

.:,,,'.
rC:
.,_,,..'

. , ,.a
., .

L+O&:$:~+ n Department
I

P$YIF

admc'mcu

6\d

of Fine Arts
lead

conj and
n September
n 7

ccu:

day
commencing from
(name)

B-@:F

n
v

cities
open2

y~mq
C)&

gC$

racial
prestige
cultural
heritage
national
characteristics

~4gw$xq:y
C)

decadent alien culture

n national
culture
part not3
n

C Y P ~ Y ~ ~ v
msq,,:y:m7
8&cn&
n

disappear

~ ( q b q ~n
C'C)cw:
adj

character
high; noble
national
prestige

=kfFP&

national
spirit

1.

See under Abbreviations.

2.

The verb gt means "to open", and tq6 which also means "to open,
uncover, expose" are often used in ~ombinatior~
:in formal statements.

3.

The particle o negates what is denoted by the vc:b following it.

4.

are both allusive L: :iving accumulated a

The terms 01
and
lot of experience in some profegsion or skill, 2rfi.ough01 is actually a
monsoon retreat by which a monk!s s&niorityis estermined a n d u p is
a Pali word with conn,ltatiooi of 'accumulation','accessories', 'collocation'etc.
'.

preservation

4 6 : ~ 8 0 :1s ~ & $
W $ C C ~ : ~

Notes

E:

4us6j2
c+&mq

nurturing
dynamic
palriotism
social objcctives
of the state
senior;
experienced"
seasoned;
accomplished'
n artiste5
adj great
adv in person
adv systemalically
teach; tulor

yt

-.

/-)

5.

The term = + O F is equivalent to 'fine arts' alhough in this instance it

is used in connection with the performing art$.

6.

Theadj @: is sometimes suffixed to nouns as sn honorific, to denote

affection or in many instpnc& just out of p~i:.:~?ss
( as in mTtiE:~

n r n o G E : ~qc&q&@:~

msal:(ZJ: ).

-6a.s
m d u d

Selection Nineteen

carry out

q336
o~cTdypq

q4"$

35 (.a,:+)
pcccarS3a{:cp$
W:wbca:ol:3as TO: 0n:a:gogc:cq:
cy&c$:,:c+
9$43q9kF canZQ&cq&isp mGoc&ccco&rd:cq
,6g.0z~:1 9&~~e&i$:$?rn6~~&-:Cir:9C #aS&. ?:w&
32aa:036$.~zv: 010zcu3 Y:6012:~~.33$3303z:Dq g4 3 q& E C g
Sp+$
9~~onZ:cq:sp?op9cpq:pcg 2:~~:ngcii
mQ: c3Tq9/:
0
c oc
s93aozq
06cToSypud+p
cq-3m3sgcllr3
- wc:nuqZ
+c$xp~+
$:O)CUG&~ &o)N&~+: t:-:mTEdi
G(U:NXU+
3%&@2:32~0):~~
3 3 3 1 1 ~ ~ ~ 6 q 03Q&Oa~
0~61 2 0 ~ 4
nQ&jol & $ w ~ ~ q
?ooooc$g~ocq
;
uS:S:s$<m$~i
nqol 7S9:+53aq ~ d : a 3 : q o ~ + : ~ : mW
: a3&E$q.$m035@r o c 0
,a$:$ W:mB~:ol:+c
omTc@2:&scsu7 c a : 0 1 :o ~c : ~2 c0 ~ 3
n q ny8G zracVqm:+~:
~mZ:q{m$~{

Military
Intelligence
personnel
local battalion
military
personnel
(name)
town

f$'

O C .

C-

O C

,,,:,:

---

O C

which include
team
on infonnation received

O C

Vocabulary

':

34:~s:
0&:&:~8

n
v

raw opium
seize

494
SC
@&~Ar9f:~

n
n
n
n

tl:~8~:ol:

(name)
June
(number)
government
narcotic

drugs

m:d:

danger;
threat
prevent

$5$5:

!!

silb<ue

s&~poS

cy
- .

purl

cydcg:

n
v

=$4~v14@

noun ferning pazicle

task
intensify

c
WC:

3
yd

day

,$~lm5:
q:pqda.

n
.n

(nanle)
village circle

n
n
v
pron
n

(name)'
house
search

$4,4

v
n
n
n

it; that
house
buy
arrive
(name)
village
(name)

ccm

son

d&

O ~ U Z

c+K

Q:4:
8?

Oirn.5,
Ant'narc0ticS
Special Squad 8

C O

35):

CQ

c3Tc8q{:

m:wm

*%:
3m:
acm:@

333x933

,,,

.::

.:

n
n
n
n
ppm

(name)
(name)
(name)
t h e two3
objective case
markefl

n
n
n

weight
1.55
kilogramme

-,

lib!k
I

. 1

, ;iji,
.1.:
I

. ,.
i!I ;;;:I:
:!i?:.
it,.,!

: 1;:".
,

30,000
ppm with
pron person
n

'

4%

concerning
n law,act
ppm in accordance
with; under

20'23

=I

People's Police a&

3acqqcxrx.
Force
ppm at

SB

v
v
v

Selection Twenty

psychotropic
substances

is ar, honorific tilie f o ~adult males (including monks) and is

followed by the name of the person concerned. It is also a kin term
for uncle.

2.

caT is a n honorific title for adult females (including nuns) in the

6CY4'35:P8

c
#0303;:~niP~:

e o c

0 0

?3?5C 607PC:07.07 ~ & ~ E L : o ? $g :F y ~ y n E :

3:

same rnsnsler as
is for a male. It is also a kin term for aunt when
suffixed :(; :.he particle =.
Here "the two7' refers to the two persons mentioned in the phrase
preceding the particle +*. If there had been no referent .preceding
"we two".

4.

I,.
I

open a case
takeaction
get

3.

%,I

$19

In this cckmext, the objective case marker

q is recommended.
n
.

iI
46

(name)

students

..%-

. = ;...

."pq

j<! ,;I:,.*<

n
v

adj
,&chp&

,+QZ,cp
I

PhpQ

PUS
m:

mZ@:
t

~13~8
3

green sarong1 6
dress; put on
each and every

&:oSq9

v attend
conj after
n teacher in
wq~2:~6@:
charge of a
class
; ~ h pzohpc)
~
n female teacher
+:o.+&

n pupil
ppm dative case
make8
v give lesson
part noun forming particle
before doing
sLh
n

1
school discipline
follow; observe
word to
denote action3
admonish,
counsel
give speech
lesson
final examination
those who
passed

n
n
n

dQ&cu:
~

~ ~ ( m d m { : c c q d :n

orrn

students
seeking
transfers
those applying for
enrollment
headmaster,
headmistress
teacher
school staff
be convenient

oPd@:

33036:~fi

study
.
was reported
I

part adverb forming particle

n help

$3

eight
n million
adv happily
n

Basic Education High

School
858
school4
Middle
School
2058
Primary
School
35,749
simultaneously
emphatic
particle
total

-.

im

I<

Notes

1. School children in Basic Education wear uniforms consisting of a white

shirt or blouse with a green skirt or sarong.

%.$

tGs

2. In thiscontext the obip,ctivecasemarkerd should have been used instead.

1

3. The particle c v is suffixed to a verb to form a noun, e.g., q : : ~

be
'")j?*
it:..,

healthy,

CT$:WG~

health.

.. .

4. The term for school cxrpz: suffixed to a numeral is employed here as a

nuinerical classifier as it is in :he case of many nouns.

, ,.,:,?
,LL7\, ,.y
?:,..
:..

"'"w
'%
. ...er,

','< ",
. - -L ' L I Z *
.. . ' .
li"
.. . ..-&
,:,w
$:, -..

',
.,.,

i
1 Selection Twenty-One

uecy

tz

04~6:

n
zooo?cucdd8mA n

education
employee
Limited Liability Cooperative

+!

olc+ncq@:

m$:&&
Lu

~ ~ u & m ~ 3 v$
racksup

3aa&m{:

Basic
Education
High
School
zxarnination
aid
publish and
distribute
adj aforesaid
n magazine
n

senior lecturer in a certain discipline

an~6racq.343 n experience in
cq&
evaluation of
scri~ts
R.td
r
w:gq:
n question
yqcc~z~:
tt
answer
&98$m46
adv correctly
and concisely
5

Vocabulary
!

6v"'
qo:m$

q~T+mg$&

+3:8

Yangon
University
(name)'

~;$1Ci?d

n
n

(name)'
magazine

O Q ~

publish

4;

44
do?335

(17,:r--,';
:iC!

TP

October
22

n
o p ~ ~ o C [ ; ; qn : ~ Ministry of
Education

JJ

v
v

answer
manuscript;
article
professor
edit
concerning
study
understand;
com ~ r e h e n d
explanation
order
know
as
sole publication
whatever
outside
publication
as3
in the name
,
C
U1

it is not
adv
v

township
in advance
order

part

can

:
..

I.

Selection Twenty-Two
GEC is an abbreviation for the Government Employees' Cooperalive
which was formed by the Ministry of Cooperatives. The suffix o p c y
in parentheses denotes such a cooperative formed from government
employees under the Ministry of Education.
The Yangon University is noted for the ironwood trees lining [he
Chancellor Road.
This particle is redundant as " o $ m S ~ n ~ 6 %
.. ~. ? & 6 0 6 i $ b ) ~ & . . ."
by itself constitutes an emphatic denial."

GT$ c m & q -

(2xn::aS)

cE:9$:a$.q16.1r 8oS@:qOS~q a305 d c q l

m q m ~ F c ~ : t ~ : o ~ @ : s 2:f:m
~ ~ ~ 46d8:~56333
~:
4&m:cyd
a6$Ee9ccp
c oc

o r

(nme)
delegation
(nme)
1ez7;e
(L-ane)
Oc~ober
1
Inizmational
Telecoms
Fderation
invitation

I@:

p:3n

Corrimunicztisns,
P l s s ~and
Telegraphs
minister
(nme)

(nae)

COP.

j60xutpcc

1.

p
108

n
n
n
ppm
n
ppm

v hold
part will '
ad
a d d c ~ ~ : n- ~Telecoms-95
~
n world2
mE
;odcyoS~ n cornmunication
n equipment
n exposition
&I
-4dn
v observe
3 . 4
ppm for
wGln
today
a38+S n 8: 15 am
CN~S:O~F&
by air
part become a re3a3:
alitv
q2:o

do&:

C~~IIPVG

qCyScC:

0@3:~9

?+~1,6

d w 2

d2:
friim

o$@:~~&$:

Z:m$:tq

tom

11
till

Ministry of
Livestock
-breeding
and Fisheries
Brigadier
General
(name)
Prime
Minister's
Office
(name)

Vocabulary

iection Twenty-Three

n
n
n
adv
v

n
V

Part

(name)'
market
stall
continuously
sell
permission
allow
word to denote
poIiteness
(name)
October
7
The Minor
Daily
chief editor
sir
(name)
township
frontage
shopkeeper
instruction

keep shop
now
six
almost, nearly
reach
if only
30-8-95

day
market
superinrendenr
from'
PPK
I:
higher aurhoriry
PPE according to
pan that
saying that
building
17
18
19
20

OScri]fP

adv

v
0 $ m
(DM$Q$~

precisely;
exactly
follow; obey
thrive
from the time
of inception

JF
cudfi+E.{:
&hE:

24

present stall
move
0 ther
place given
in lieu of a
former one

3aLn.

ad;

3am:w:q~

I $

.f
r

v
- v
pron
adv
v
v
conj
conj
adv
v
part

move
call up011
I'
toward
make
sacrifice
be
as
if
very; greatly
lose
word conveying the sense
of undergoing
some common
experience

adv
v
n

will
as it is
rule
break; infringe
take action
ought to;
should
through
propose
shopkeeper

aqs-m

c3-33&+373

S
E
q
c
,p
:
0

,:?a

oc

Oa&cqu$G$cm
c

mrncu;.E&.qkE:4j

ud:G:es

636)

(363Sc31

uaE:+Fa&cqi:~J

+E:+:qm

oj.E;cmm:E:
0

Fgqqp:

8cqpE:qp:

C O C

3aij.qp:~y.a$:co:~&u$o)

c oc.

Notes

Selection Twenty-Four

a r c m m e a uaE:mm

c-0

q : v ~ c 9 C \ d d : q : B c ~ F+ c c ~ & o ~~ ): c
~ ~ ~ : q p : c ~ E m : ~

1.

Bqinnaung refers to King Bayinnaung ( 1551- 1581 AD) of Taungoo

mhn reunited the country for the seccnci iin:e.

2.

Theuse of the postpositional y which indicates the locative case is not

to be: recommended. The nominativem should have been used instead.

3.

A mde speaker refers to himsell LS

z~7daddresses another
person about his own age and stacl;dszs sEv while a fenale refers to
herself as C Q ~ Q and addresses another person who is about her own
age and status as %8 in formal speech.

C I : ~ ~ C ~ : ~
=@:a&

?J$$

id&m+,

adv
v

dS.6
n
~ 8 : ~n

m:d[3

B.

n
ppm
v

citizenry,
populace
panic
be alleviated
crocodile
hunting team
Thai
in
form
Bangkok
October
2
on the loose
that
news; report
as regards
be worried,
be anxious
react
by way of
Thai Government
Bangkok Post
newspaper
Saturday
on
report; menlion
one team

?dE
30

pa*

2:"1

Pa*
v

ad

pa*

+:

ao"S
conj
a&:
adj
cq8~&33~:& n

5 W

{~o~cu
m5mE

n
~n~
Y

v
n

n
PPm
adv
v
Pa*
PPm
adv

~$334
mdcg

3000
\

n
n

c3Tm
=JO
CO:

n
v

per l
10
person
consist
will
three
than
not less
electric prod
net
rifle
arm
sight; see
place
motor boat
by
swiftly
react; go
can2
for
all around
any
Bhat (Thai
currency)
3000
dollar, $
120
award; give

49
8:v.S

v
n

8 c ~ q p E : c ~ E r nnC

chief of the
fisheries depart- c9q03"S
d c q
ment
declare
monsoon

n
n

crocodile
Pen
inundate
number of
creatures
300

. . .

-.

conj because of

so t:' should be translated inlo English as '10 men per team'

although the word for 'per' precedes that for 'ten men' in Myanmar

I.

'C&$.~S

2.

4;

denotes capability, probability or possibility and is equivalent t o

can, may, be able to, etc. in English.

Vocabulary

Selection Twenty-Five
opco:

~:c&qdn

ah
It

n
n
adj
v

-.

It

c5:

part
v

&Eg12

adv

2s t:
C?
'

tl

n
=+.a@ adv

3; c

educational and
exhortative message; bulletin'
1/95
spawning fish
fry
show mercy; spare
regular
consume
species
not
become extinct
rain
torrentially,
abundantly
(of rain) fall
that
May
mon~h
latter part
June
July
river
stream
lake
pond
d l over

E$
-

6s
cl:~@:

n
ppm
v
n

egg; roe
with
be full
adult female
fish
-

citL:9$

660

cl:d:@:

v
n

2Y

'2

milt
(be) laden
adult male fish

lay (egg)
=vr
I t
place
look for
I=% v
~l:~&a)d v (of fish) head
upstream to
spawn
part word denoting
collective
action
c
qc:
adj aforesaid '
v
catch
08:d:
part emphatic
qd
particle
rn
conj if

part

culrrSp

v
cv3
part
ru4:col8:ypcg.,

cl:m:co?d

word Lo denote
a group
be hum
come
millions and
millions
spawn

die; perish
w n j and
species of fish
n
v
be exterminated
Y

PQ* go
P m make, cause

pm&ol:
on:@&

an:

on:E6qcrS

except
v prohibit
part word denoting
present continuous condition
n prohibition4

~ y l d

v
n

$2

part
3284.43Gjm a
m&

Ministry of
Livestockbreeding and
Fisheries
Depar~mentof
Fisheries
also; too
bulletin
No (2192:

aP&(J/eJ)
n
&$
ppm by means of
cI:q&cl:~+pdss spawning
(3a>4+$

866~~

jj

violate

g&:

q&r o~
8:~33
. .

cl:m:co?&@

Freshwater
Fisheries ACL
n section (45)
v
prosecule
v
punish
v prescribe
conj therefore
n
n

monsoon
spawning sea-

son
not to do sth
give sanctuary

@61o1'14

season

6m:+w:

at the iime
permissior!

~:czcA

~6

urge; remind
part be proper
v

Notes

.>

,.;,, ~.
.,..:

... ..

. .,.

. .

1.

Similar bulletins are regularly issued at the beginning of .the

monsoon which heralds the spawning season, as a public information service.

2.

The word 5 : used here as an adjective or more precisely as a

prenominal with reference to the preceding statement. It may be also
used as a pronoun, which as in most pronouns of the Myanmar Lan6b33$11
guage accommodates any gender or number (as in t$:m
It is usually confined to literary use.

t$:q-m 6bEm211).

3. The conjunction rn may be equivalent'in usage to the conjunction 'while' when i t links two simultaneous actions (as in
{~m05i&.2bm$11)and to the conjunction 'and' when it links the action and its consequence as is the case in this passage. Sometimes it is replicated and suffixed to two synonymic verbs to lend
emphasis (as in sE:mqp:rn~$ m i e r n )

. , .

!selectionTwenty-Six

Voqbulary
.
.

It

E
.m

n
n

cnnzm

It

am:

.uQW.fP

q:*
?,@a3

dQ?Q

adv
v

n
n

84

It

n
n

=?I69

12

WE:q

@:q

=+ap4~8od

adv

firewood
substitute
other
fuel
widely
use
(name)
(name)
June
4
The Mirror
supplement
gather
firewood
draw water
which states
expression,
phrase
folk custom
represent
express
rural
CUS tom

as
commonly
used
actually

d 4 a L d : n

dead wood'

=adI:

scrap lumber
dry twigs
forest

=dGd
= d m

cs!c,s
y6q6

4d

rndarndc
fp:o?:

n
n
n

harm
n deed
conj but, however
adv gradually
v
be scarce
Y

an.

become
~3~331~1 conj when
nearby
%:Q~T
mE:~68
n as firewood

3:
q$+:ol:
ag:m+
a;

adj

adj

+g::cQc

use
worse
valuable
timber
later

?&Y

9hIE
E$:d:,
Td

chop down,
fell
at this stage

n
n

rn"SwSs~T

depletion
danger, hazard
beckon, invicc
as il'

,u+3$,

happen, occur
straightaway;
in no time
weather

be reg^,
be nomd
n drought
adj natural
n fertilizr
v
lose
v becorn?
apparen:
n tree
ppm in as rnoch as ,
adj central
n effects c i the
sun's to+d heat

&an:

{:~1ZsqPq8o~: n
EQTO$
v

d"dZ8:
C%Q$

pE
$01rn
Srnpq
cJcJ~

rpcqaam:

suffer
dry Zone
be known
in this way

the road aheac

the future

v
conj
n
v

go, continue
if
desert
arise, crop
up; turn up

situation; position; shape

of things

Selection Twenty-Seven

~:&PcI:PF

Vocabulary

qCY6cJ:o@:pa n

conj after
university
d
level
945
n ~uly
armed forces
JC
n
29
n day
general
g\A
knowledge
QCqcQ
n
Saturday
quiz
n
Union 01hold
Myanmar
8Z6mfoS:$:
n nationwide
29
June
,-m9+c6
n
university
(n urn her)
d
6
n college
MNA'
n institute
patriotism
d
ppm under
3qF-:-y$
n national
soqmd6
n degree college
motto
&Sp&8$v
n colleges and
-++&+@&j
n literary and
photography
institutes
competition
c q ~ : v ~ c y o S @ ~ Ministry
n
of
Health
qe:0c6\:
d o &
n convening
mxl;)dcrl:
committee
n Ministry of
0ce:~9
Defense
up~FF~~@:m n
Ministry of
Education
W + ~ : ~ O $ @ ~n: ~ Ministry
+
of
Culture
3);0+@up
$am
n Department
of Higher
E,ducation

64..

s~~F!?

g\Oa

he1p;assistance
obtain

Q&~CU&~~S$
v&p
n

Ministry of
Livestock
-breeding
and Fisheries
+&+9d*
C
Ministry of
v,:wfp:
n
Cooperatives
Cooperatives
Cnlrz:qv2:am:n
College

02ccpd
Department
of Technical,
Agricultural
and Vocational Education

Note
1.

See under Abbreviations.

%=?

v
-

88

technical institutes 8(
schools
agricultural
institutes 8(
schools
students
enter; take
part in
answer; solve
(problem, quiz,
etc.)

part may

Vocabulary

Selection lhenty-Eight
Japanese
pianist
entertain
arrive
(name)
June
28
The Mirror
Daily
(name)
culture
exchange
program

~3
-I

q uc+ qC cw$co6

soo

u~S~OSCU~:~@E: Q ~ U $ I I

(name>
musical
recital
today
Department
of Fine Arts
officials
embassy
~ o g p ~ s o o S v welcome
13#303604:
adv world wide
entertaiilrnent
present
(name)
international

,.

ogsp:d:@a

+I

piano com-

(name)

&=~)~+md:

$.

n
n

government
first class
Knight of the
Lion Order
title
fine arts

n
n
n

stipend, grant
the first
artist

03dac'd
S:dvnfq6

(name)

&6amclu)+,

44

philharmonic
orchestra
(name)

BV$.~

n
n

(name)
radio

n
n

orchestra
evening
National

solo

003003;:

mQoFq4+%
m&Q@:
orno+:

--lcN
c
Y

cnSOq6d

$0243:

~coT00b

gallery

ady&

n
n

kyat'
stall

3q

d m 5

fix
learn; know

Note
1.

q4

kyat is the standard monetary unit of the Union of Myanmar. It i:

divided into 100 pyas.

Selection Twenty-Nine

Vocabulary

G~m.p
olq&ud$d

@2?

&B6ngi:
C3YXISOq~
I

G?

the celestial
abode of

ano&w

@Scd

~nvatirnsa'
n Buddha2
n End of
Monsoon
Retreat
~estival'
ppm will
n

(name)
October

fl
dmE:n;U&
ma{:

33

&a:
m 6 c d

m63:

63"
a;:
picture on the =+(:
right
~SYU
the event of
Lord Buddha's descent

&

-&-&a

yc&a

from

Tnvatimsa

n
n

aa6:3ap

896

30

8 ~ 3
d Q d

v
v

occasion
seven
day
10
~ on a ~
grand scale
arrange
carry out

4k2&
2
a&-#i
@i
~ d32 ~

a@

ppm word indicating completion of an

action
n
October
n waxing of
the moon
n 14

sc016:

Qi

Brahma supreme deity

total

fj?

surround;
escort
conj while
n depiction of
the descent
n noon
n 12

=YIP

sE:uclSEE+:+

(dJ:m$

=J

n
n
n

15
oillamp
one thocsanr
n fruit
n flower
n golden robe
v
offer
reverently
n ceremony ol
making a devotional of'fering
n waning
moon
n night
n name4
n ~ world ofp humar, beings
n Sakkas
n celestial gOC

60a3

n o'clock
ppm in

CUT

fi
qp6:

v
n

be
monastery

n (number)
part numerical
classifier

?O

ccrip;:
3jmcm~
ao?:

c?:~

monk

part numerical
classifier7
n five hundred
v be over

95:m68a:

ppm with
n offertory of
provisions

accept
(donation)
attend
this year
last year

6 ~ s ~v ~
wapd
wo$g&

n
n

not like
C D & ~ ~ : @
adv: ~with a

@O?

~Ew~~:ov
3262

difference
hold

conj besides

P ~ ~ S ~ O S Z nJ ~ a11
~ Iparts
~ ~ ot
the country
mz~cspdo$~ n
visitor
CU$:
conj also
.urS9$9
n entertalnment

cnEa&

entertain,

amuse
present

Notes
1.

According to Buddhist cosmology there are six levels of existence.c.

where the nat devas (celestial gods) reside. Tavatima, the secL,i:ti
v
highest of such levels, means "realm of the thirty- three", a reference lo
33 companions led by Maga who rendered such selfless service for the
public good such as building bridges and roads and digging wells that
they were reborn in this abode.

'

2.

Buddha stands for "The Fullv Enlightened One".

3.

End of Monsoon Retreat Festival (olq&Gs& ), otherwise known as

End of Monsoon Retreat Observances Festival (&ni:q&Gs&
), is
celebrated on the fullmoon day ofThadingyutmonth which falls during
October. The observance of monsoon retreat was initiated by Lord
Buddha himself who forbade monks from travelling during the
monsoon months to prevent them from inadvertently trampling crops
and causing injury to insect life. From another aspect it commemorates
the occassion when the Lord Buddha after sojourning in the heavenly
abode of Tavatimsa where he expounded on the Law (Dharma) for the
benefit of his mother, now a celestial goddess, and the multitudes of
celestial gods and Brahmz supreme deities for three months,
descended to the realm of human beings, attended along the way by
throngs of supreme deities, gods and men paying homage.

Sarikassanagir or Sarikassanagara is a town in India. It is venerated by

Buddhists, as its eastern portal was the place where Lord Buddha's feet
f i s t touched the earth after his descent from Tavatimsa.
The Hindu god Indra who appears in Buddhist Scriptures as Sukku
d@ , the lord of the first and second levels of existence of the rzrit
drvas or celestial gods.
In counting persons and things a numerical classifier appropria~eto that
particular noun follows the number (as in $&+:c\~:I
m:46sqpi:~ q
$sum&) . Sometimes the noun itself is repeated after the number as
is the case here.
The particle ' 01:' is used in enumerating sacred or significant persons
~
9~3$I:cl:ol:'). The classifier
or things ( as in " q q ~ m & o l :q6E6n601:~
SOT: is used as a prefix when the amount enumerated 1s divisible by
ten.(See also note above)

o~

668&@8EvsagoSps

6 1 Q&

C O C .

C Q

omo~
B w 4 q ~ Q c cm
y :mm:ewgm~:m -jGwq{

mGw qfiE=$~~

nqF=&8 o n ooo B l z ~ ~a6a5c%:(k.$m)m

e

644 j S 4 8

30

q1E: ~ w $ r o~c .~ +mc: mcn :~o w pca 2c:om

,Sw.++ mdwq{6=S~l3a(Uq:338: ;on 3000 Elz$o$ aEaEsog:
(kdw)m 644 37 8+9 s @ 333e GoE.$@ omeq8R: ~0 ~ : m : g c
BwoSgdxn:mm:uoS+m
qGwpc mGo3 q{@=$11
3aqplj7:32k<8$E1zeoaE
om61 ( d ~ 6 ~ 64Bcy
d ) 3 3 U G CS
c&m~ 30303 CUQE:GB~E(&$M) 648cp 3 33x3 ~5 &mbbE: m a0 w
35361 30

ag$c

oaw

,
ElCs9.

(aw4,s)

c\

q+~ll

45:ur~:l

~ { W I03Q&@$3.23s03{z~
C

32?g::p:l

C O C .
eGm:p:i 9 c : q c w p ~owmgQ spsolE: q,m+ccy
m:mm:um:qx

ol O E ~ S ~ ~ E W~ ~GO ~;

L ~E m
: Z:~@$i

Selection Thirty-One

Vocabulary

4uE:

pemm

*.,4,a
@ceq$Zij

(name)
d j international
n
athletics
n
invitational
tournament
n
Myanmar
contingent
n
gold
n
silver
n
bronze
n
medal
v
win
n
(name)
n
June
n
29
n
MNA'
n
third
n
time
n
(name)
conj while
n
women
n
highjump

Note

I.

See under Abbreviitions.

n
n

ornu

rt&w

8cm

ooo

O Z O E G ~ ( ~ ~ / Yn) )

644
8+6

Q%B
4+m:

n
n
n
n

~n:mm:uS

334pn:

coo5:d

ac3T
a80

+bq
33s
n
n
n

child
one
fate
mosquito net

the other
bank

n
n

aunt
elder sister

Part

ppm with
v sleep

aurYs(~))ss~d
n

wl rYs

nine-year-old
be

drops, holes
etc.

q.4

part

302

(iJl.td

conj
n

new settlement or sat-

(territorial)

classifer for
counting

see; find
it was said
also
think; believe
while
ward

conj because
but also

pa& word tor.-

conj as; because

n
n member of -a
household
v be startled
3
pron
into wakeful- 2:90~4: n
ness
3~3:
ppm
ppm dative case

Red Cross

n
n
n
n
n
v

(name)
14

ay&(3/G30-m) n

New Light

No (51650house owner

home
room
lower

incident
PL
one
pnn classifier for

who
(name)
objective
-casemarker7

only when

V\

fangmak

-:dmf

o'clock
conj
v

June

hospi~alize
in order to
arrange

Notes

94

conj while

!
i
n

part emphatic particle

part emphatic
particle
n boy; lad
n the whole
body
v turned blue
part word emphasizing finality
n under
n water

con6

oE

mcco:

CQ>?

b&q
m&8:

4:

qdojpad
v'

v be flooded
ppm inside
n flashlight
v
v

play
search along

c+:u&
rn&q&%

ad
~ : c m z

a$:

n
n
Y

~ l : ~ & ~ &n

ens

4
SA

SaZca
e
omq:cm:

m:

~~~~)
cn&rucnj:

E$q.+&&

length
three cubit
over

E63

conj as
txtpE:cm:
central post sup- ar\
porting the ridgepole
r
n beam
QQ+:
n girth
-tl-eS:
n l'/,Kyatss

,mJsclS~S n

,8m+:

.?:cu$:s&

n
part

='1
sccpq

v
part

n
n

n
n
n
n

snake
classifier for
counting
creatures
hooded
grandfather
who is
bamboo stick
hit
kill
emphatic
particle
(name)
(name)
son
No 2, Middle
School
3%tandard
student

been known
Peoples' Police Force
PZ
station
n
coroner's inquest
ppm in accordance

1.

Satellite towns and new settlements havesprung up during the stewardship of the State Law and Order Restoration Committee.

2.

The sentence final ad is the colloquial form of a$ used in writing.

3.

The objective case marker 4 should have been used instead.

4.

The diminutive mccu: as adjective suffixed to a noun or pronoun

suggests affection, but may sometimes denote condescension on the
part of the speaker. When it is used as a particle in combination with a
noun or adverb it might convey the sense of an understatement,
humility or ~ivility~depending
on the context.

5.

In villages and wards of towns houses are grouped in units of tens or

hundreds with a leader ;lo&&d~l8:'head of a ten household unit' or
cpd6cel8:'head of a hundred household unit' appointed to take care of
community affairs.

6.

Used specifically in connectiori with members of armed forces or

institutions which are subject to some form of regimentation.
Seenote3.
Kyat the unit of currency and weight is sometimes used as to measure
circumference by comparison with that of a 1 Kyat coin of 1 inch
diameter. c?:*:~+:for a circumference with a diameter of' '1, inch and
m&w&$: for a circumference with a diameter of '1, inch are also used.
$ means an additional half-measure of the preceding unit. Hence, a
more exact measure of +:o& aCq6$ is a girth of 4.6 inches.

7.
8.

r)
n

with
take aciior,

9.

1
.,'I

or cubit is a unit of measure for length equivalent to 18 inches.

Other variants such as r o 8 ~ 5~2 1
exist but their use is now
obsolescent.

'it.,

$:I

%
"?.

ys,
(

Vocabulary

Selection Thitty-T'wo
monsoon
moderate
strength

694 84
(C-Q
WG?.

(&4v-E:)

cpS g4:4 J r S +64+)

it&
og:?O qo4c8 +:ccuou4e:apqJnS
c oc

roc

O C

Q~GCU:~Z:+:
mq~ZE$~uSqjZ G ~ ' ~ ~ " S ~ : I

jSC@qjE:m amqc:qc:cmmyc:l

%;$can
oc

3aq~:qJl;

oSSqm;+fj:~

c oc

oc

q$~$q0S91
~:QJS~J~+:~+SII
W : ~ ?:c94$cp
O S ~

dZ@qcugc
-s c ~ ~ c : q c : ~ m & ~ E cqcp+c+.F
:~.~Z
$e:+.qjE c?cprn+.n@:
~ ~ S

-ygcu~:pj.qe (

mq:E++.ae

q.np44v:r

F x ~ J o c u ~ o ) ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~

- :Q
0 0 C e O C
~3sBcmo5? 3oqaco)oqm
-

CSZE$?~S+.~E
--

G~~$:+?J:I

@Em& ? S

0114E$t&9F

+Z.:+.qjE
,dm:~Em&cPss~,c~

O C

O C

O C

OB~-~:O;)C:I~3~03:07c:.+~

,
~ c~ e Go cX 5~ 3Q ~oeq~0e ~Ce moDorqo~moy?
a

~BBakmfi$u$11
II

mhnn:oEcuScz&

coc
Z~C'JW~C:&$
B&3)6~3a3:6$:6q~:l
~~
c

smEqE:g$
c

q ~ m R ~ : o c ~ c m c ~ O a ~

263auFsamcy ~ S q m 8 e 9 z o 2 ? ~ 1

$
-

'2 c
q d ~ ~ c o oatYt:BId~~
8

I
L

11
c oc

r o c

6Q:+E:c@my~:~
oc

mom:

~aqc:,c:cmmyc:~

esfi2:cr;c:ac

-3~m:d$E:d$.+ ~ q s p + + ~ F q;k$90SgF
c

O C

C O C

+E:+p$

cqT3a+.?ab'i:

66~$11
-irnd6Eq$11II E$qoEcuuSEZOaS ~ Z : L ~ ~ ~ : C U3 2~2 ?G3 ?; 0 3 {

:aSqfi:p~en

gx$cpa+:

00

iG3!1
L

'2

v+cqclS~$?r

II

goS3jccu m : 3 a x { 3 a m $

$
6
1
2
1
1

tqGPqdv

1886d9.s

May
3i

acodSE:

day
2 pm
Statement
issued
today
morning
09:30 hours
till

V P W

meteorological observation
n summary
adj past
n 24
n hour
ppnz during
n (name)
n lower
n (name)
n (name)
v be cloudy
n (name)

adv in isolated
pockets
n (name)
upper
(northern) part
adv over scaitered
areas

.UQE$YJ

9.32~44

be more
about normal

08cu&&

Bay or Bengal

remaining
states
$6:
n divisions
~+~a+,4+
adv on a wide area
yoSm:IIOSv n slh noteworthy
q:c&
n amountof
rain fall
"itim8:&.
n (name)
J ~ ~ G ~ O C U n
~ G 2.20 inches
day temperaLure
@@c?nd
below normal
do4 c d d o q & n
3 centigrade
v
be less
v9$:
hrgrnd
above normal
ppm from
Y
5 dn+SdnqoS n 4 centigrade
-

Erg

1
day
(name)
northern part
(name)
(name)

rain with
thundery
conditions
n 80%
n sea
n Myanmar
territorial
waters
n wave
n a slight
amounl
n a moderate
amount
adj next
n two
n day
ppm for

situation;
inference
southern part
central part
weak
remaining
(areas)
partly cloudy
June

+
a6
J

9d

=.!

Selection Thirty-Three

~ s w 6 ~ ~ s o ? s a ~ s ~ : ~J ~ l a & ~ s l a ~ &

Vocabulary

narcotics
prohibition;
suppression
commemoration
two
kyat
worth
stamp
issue
.
(name)
June
21
1095
26
day
fall
will'
international
abuse
Micking
eradication

Ministry of
Communications, Posts
and Telegraphs

Myanma
Posts and
Telecommunications
danger
prevention
new stamp
one
kind
state
division
district
township
-communication station
(post orfice)
at
sell
special
arrangemenl
by

philatelist
students
citizens
for

CO:

General
Post Office
(name)
first day
cover
Pad give2
conj besides

4 8
33r86:=ct&O;;rSS
8dC968:
n

commemorative cancellation of
stamps
also

other
towns

=4ii$
tlC:m4
=J
md

Pad
n
n
conj

+uqcc&

g:,sCp
Yo38~t
adv
0 3 & d ~ ~Pa :

go3
buyer
every
03-03F11
n
marker for
PPm
dative case4
. E L a conj
regarding
oJ- J330G
n
educalional
ad3&
v
exhortation
conj
pertaining to
n
information
include
that
pmphle:
cornplimenw ;sth
given gratis
give

+.
E~cP)..

6i

buy
collect
who would
like to
as
noon
12
than
not later
the nearest
through
~telephone
~&
number
(01-85477)6
to
either.. . or
(02 - 2 1506)7
contact
and
advance
payment
can
make payment
place order
news
get, receive
(nu.

selection ~ h i & - ~ o u r
1.

The particle u$

2.

The particle co: in this phrase indicates that the action described
by the preceding verb has been done for sb's benefit.

3.

As a verb
means to go but it often follows another verb or
particle to indicate that such action did, or will certainly occur.

4.

The objective case marker

5.

mqbz

6.
7.

'Oi-' is the area code for Yangon city and its environs.
'02-' is the area code for telephones in Mandalay and its environs.

following a verb indicates future.

4- should have been used instead.

is misplaced in this context, as it means in the capacity

of. The subjective case marker 3
3
s
.is recommended instead.

&
,.d
,
m:zo$
f

~ ~ .o+E:aq6:
f i ~ ~
S4:ElL5 x 9 . cjq~),m y m o : a z : q ~ ? m z ~ l

C O C .

8~03

. .

C
C
p:woca3:01:+~3aq
?-pag?
:,
p:w6ca:ol:+$
?

o r

cse:a:q333~
o e o

:--:.'-.o,.,.~

msp:5(ir:m:

cmTc~E:&cmc3n

~ rns ~
C

O C

~mqcsr
0 C

cz~:o~:~:~ccp

4
-1.

Vocabulary
i

4 6 1
08:d:

v
v

q8
qhC

cdm8m
I

J?
on@

9:~ImCP:rn$

n
n
n
n
n

heroin
seize
catch

(name)
depart.
leave
come
driver
(name>
conducior
(name)
driye
(name)
vehicle
Pa/ 2751
on a ti2
stop
search
when; aMe
(name)

ax:

084P

(name)
September
27
(name)
Antinarcotics
Special
Squad 10
,

90

qcrS
n day
~ Q ~ C n V 9 3~0 am~
mbod
d 0 j 8 : ~

a&

mdg43:8:w

m4h

v
I

aoE

Military
Intelligence
Customs
Department

responsible
person
combine;
join together
entrance

m+:o$

Pack Transport Unit

a d v near

(name)

13+
4

ppm with

opd:B898
9.6;

n
v

Put; pack
1.644 kg
find
link
bring out
on the same
day
owner
live

49&~~0:ixj~.

.iZ

in*-\..cuLIC) '

?a. cud:

n
n

38th Street
80
81
between
(name)
house; home
go3
.0183 kg

333349

G55dq n
n
n
n

ca8:;od'
+&
52:q.p

00

U l 6 L U ClLeC

aq8:

--

390

carton
five
numeriod
classifier
in; insidt
soapbcs
110

n
n
n

eCfi
-0

cua:wq
P

$:cQI~~~:

uadqof

om
3adq8?E

$:

~OSa$dcp
+a+:

OtD-

once again
confiscate;
seize

-:ol:

comb?*
team .
21
11:30am
bamboo

zoc3

pedestrian

a?

=nsC
-:

adv

n
n
n

adj
n

(name)
h a manner
arousing
suspicion
Molla brand
engine oil
can; container
.473 kg
take action
narcotic
drug
with
the accused;
defendant
concerned
police
station

adj psychotropic
n
drug; rnedicinal substance
n law
ppm according to

v
pa*

open a case
word indicating
continuous
condition

( Notes
; 1. In enumerafingthings, the object itself is sometimes reiterated after

the number in lieu of generic numerical classifiers such as T I

a&., etc.

c\i:~

Selection Thirty-Five

As above.
is equivalent in meaning to go and would have
Although the word
been sufficient by itself in the spoken form, the latter word 4
to re.& is usu.ally added in literal and formal usage.

2.
3.

mtmqqc:4.qE

OC

c oc
C
q.@q90)~:0a~
46PcQ~Pc

CqT32$32~:l

Crilq~$~~9Co?c:0;!qE
q~OaOSqp:
q:mSqlL+p$m mqEE$+oSqE
%:E:$z~$ll
+ : ~ q ~ # q pvon40a:
:~
33m~G1mnS~~
~qjS:crn~E
qLzcdOaE
c

C+6pq&$j

r o c

9&3;1):B&6P

33336)

333361??m&~+$

acm:4.':4.qE E8@m6 i 3 o q a c m o q m g 5300qa~aoqcnm

S+B: mqEE$+dqE 66EcrnnS ?soqacmnqm c q p + $ : $ m
q+3mv:q~
~~@~4-~4+$~~
mAm:08mSd
mh-:0Em&c33;
603329::
Q

D + P ~ I I11

a$J$
.

. .

1'.
.

.
.

1.

. : . .

.:;

.
.

j;:m:i. . ,.,:.,.
.

..

. .

'

:.

. -

*
.

:..:.<.:.

. . .
.
.. . . .
.. -.. ..... . .~.~ . ... .
'

.:
..
.
. - .: ' ... !:7.:...,
.."
. . ~ . ~ ... .. . "..-..i :,,., -.:
. . . . . . r L
~

..

- . . .. .:~

,.,
. ..

.
.,

. .. .

:.;.:,:,;.-:.

.
. . .
. . ..
. . .. ..

..

,, ...,. .. ... ..:

. .~
,

,..
~

. .

.
.- ' .-:7.-. .-..'

96

~Y9da.$P*:q"Sl~

11

q?:E$+&

O C

oTomqc:+f

Vocabulary

48

ESP&
8:Sm
84
3

n
n

n
n

qcrS
n
88:6 J F ~ n
clid(349~d
n

-9

(name)

lower part

state

increase of
rain

(name)
be cloudy
(name)

June
1
day
2:~prn
statement
issued

today
++do e : ? 0 6 n 0 9 3 0 am
08
ppm till, until
{:mom
adj meteorologi cal
48:qqA
n measurement
srq$:q16
n summary
%$Btuij past
n 24
JS

PS

mi$:

Q&+Z:

$a

n
hour
ppm during;
within
n (name)
n

division

n
n
n

(name)
(name)

n (rime>
adv over widespread areas
n (name)
adv over
scattered
areas
ad! remaining
d%J
in isolzed
pockets
v rain with
thundery
conditions
Y
be. isolated
v rain heavily
adj noteworthy
n rainfall
n (name)

3 ~ ~ ~ G ? m d nu
n
33339??~d9
n
n
33vv ~ocudu n

5.67 inches
(name)
1.73 inches
(name)
1.10 inches

s4my

n
n
n
n

day
temperature
(name)
(name)

=mm$mm$

'3-

944
$:

I
i

b)~ccu:

@Bad
i40+8doqd,
n
$Jnhj~fdoqd, n

d Q 8 :
acudgz:

?OS4~XXD+$C~

zC+

mmdQ8:

~ s S

above normal 84
3 ' ~
8394
4'C

be over
below
normal
=Yr?&:
v decrease
normal
an
part just; only
m A m : o E m d d n (name)

~ 4 ao:

@S@eu9A

0 8 ~ ~ 6 8

6sB

n
n
n
n
adj

adj moderate
n evening
n upper part
n (name)
(name)
degree of
certainty
n 80%
n sea
n Myanma
waters
next
n two
ppm for

EJw~~~&&Z
pf

inference
south
central
monsoon
weak; slight

Selection Thirty-Six

8mE: & m E m
-ms

..

-E8&+~8:E$

caqqm

oq33Oj

. g*

3000051):

cip5E$w7

GB&:~&=E:I
oc.

~~33nCC-:@:~cc

6osCsE:qEEia

~JE:ou$

@ban
?Gw
v

notso

September

m$

MNA2

orxu

the 5 0 ~

audience

president

13903 O?JtaGC:m c@&:~J$II

8:y:ev

mas s 3 9 8 m o n c u s q E : @.Ep

E~:~JG:

en ,-

o3QmL
wZXY3$m:GZ:m$:mQ&na{~nSold:
'

othercountry $6 3~Ed
part notp
$(uoScu$

co c

c a q { ~ ~cpJf)$:qj&cp:
A
E&z~&cz&~~caq4
,.

Vocabulary
n

+&JOE&+ b o & m $ ~ a b : a ~ q mE & 6 s - p & m a

mgo&?:+-

3 (336328~321;&on)
~&:$E;.iqp:+ o$=&almy

g S : + z h p m ~ : ~ ~ & c E 8 S:,:c9
:1
c

0?~$8si:rnc b E : m $ ~ ~
2 4 8 m 2 m mJ$Z,&m

32@:32&CU

@.&4:o36
mQ&E$m$

coming
n
15
n
time; penod
ppm wi thin3
v
develop
adj

+ 9 G m b ~ a & 6 m$

c oc
crcn&ysoac~
pcimon o & o ~ : q E ~ S : ~
q m
d :6 ~c ~ ~
Z : + ~

~ 6 : ~ 6 : ~ , {~tb:~,:~01~+
cnQOSE$m

q6m2x$
c

0
'

aioO?tm:~$ijQeE:~$~$j:
- C

q!%aZ:m

$~EE

ao&m&cbqm$~~

v
v

attain; fulfil

want.

Chinese
Communist

succeed

cy3241.CY3q&cy&do3Q$d B6:6@6pq6Z#'3

~LU . * 3 4

ie

r n c ~ ~ w m $ ~ s ~ sTqqp:a
@ ~ sqE:+5
~ E : ~ z
+
+
~a
$
o

r-

co c

~@453$11

c ~ u ~ : 33$030?~t@b)~:m
R ~ ~ c :
u

:eqsqm&+:

oe.

roc.

+ccmaf.cca~

qZkTp

6325

wT nqnan:g ~ 6 : e ~ & 3 3 f E mc Fonc7oo rncm+m

-Epu$
mQ&++p:rn
m9&d &*&ooS3.qE
-.

. .

. .

party

4a&c3bmd8 : --

t++dcy

?'c e m m

ulterior motives
on earth
most populoa

~q$cqscpm5q:
FQ

denoted by the
2.

-9

f-

~ ~ ~ d t 8 of
~ a $country
adv rapidly
CYJE~CP
peacefulenvi- 00&&$:mcr3hy- n modernization
ronment
a
885

adj

international

adj
~adj

qdcub
~5:q15:
{8tbr*fcFyolsn

independent
peaceful
foreignpolicy

$88

firmly;
strictly

oo304:cqE

gsqs:-

=@=~2!

socialist
modernization construction

- -2j

-"

...ae:403

UIIC,
,...a*c

ii
!

adv

=$548
;lo&cu&

adv
v

4644

q ~ t &

conj therefore
n some people
v spread,
propagate

qdqF

'

FS:cf~cfio

n threat
C C ~ Y X U ~ V ~n
~ ~ rumor

~ -~ -4 !-.i ~ ~ 'groundless
fi
(

....

~.

those(peop1e)
~~

~.

~.

4
t33d-C.

position
could
fear

~cu+C

grasp, hold
onto
continuously
speak; say;
comment

mq334)3:

GS~P
%29:

n
v

n
v

m4.m:

8d
d4:

v
v

\11ar11c)

aim at sphere ot
influence
expand
prevent
more
..
pracuse
L..l:.....-

v UCI~CVC
adv at present; nov
v refer

v
n

be apparent
diplomat

,-+

.-,e.

3.

See under Abbreviations.

Postpositional marker suffixed to a noun to indicate temporal or
locative case (euuivalent in usage to ~re~osition
within).

1
I

Il:j$
I32

Vocabulary

1
I

E9&m

mmq":
G (a6a8cal~p81
@&XI)
aqca:tp:m6cpm$ a+rnoaqqqm
C
C

&~+x $I

(name>
Croatian
forces
have seized
(name>
offensive
Serbian
President
condemn
(name>
August

ao?sSg.d
mtE:

I
C OCC
r o c 0 r o c
t c@@aah:gg
a c t g 330&mrnqt2 ~ E c ~ r n z u o : ~ r n ~ r n a ~ ~ ~
COC C
aecn:rr:m6w: actca +trnyc:a
rntE:Bl.qE:oEcsprrSccr~
+.
,
44%; mqE:~.q~.m:v sEpOenS+:@a$y-p$qp:m$
~~
,

'

zqsg. ~6$:%6m:c3;n ~~a8:033:+. ~ : 0 3 $ c ~ C 6 c ~ : ~ x $ ~

q m s q m & ~ O S c ~ ~ 3 ~ f i + :ckE:m$11
m
SZ:g.mynaxs
?orno a j ~ q j O 5~

E P E ~ ~ : ~ S ~ : ~ P ~

a4on:qx mfm:yxgf
olm:qp:
O C O C
;$yno
qrmE:9E:cm mm~mc@C6c~.c+s$11
aq3aOS4,
+ S q n S b c ~mmoSoEoS
~
obaoS8cEc m+E:m.c+cpmV:3a@:K
a d njWu$ 9&~mocT&v:m$q
e s 8 m eh):m:x$il
pJ.rno&+f
~ f ~ " m E :Cq,~;q&+3m&
(rrnxcq
cEqc$q
~&yFmm+m&8:m cb@:m$ll
m6:yp:c&Tqe

m+E:&.m6:o@:ve$E

1
j

6-

;ooSmO5~by:c+~&

cmoS+m

gEcmmn+gz,qE:rn moSmnSknS&-A ~

104

~ qmq;:~
C

pron
n
PPm
n
v
n
PPm
n
conj

~0,000

taking
Serb
town used as
a foothold
n Saturday
n dawn

QV%
=g&md@

tjnSonamE:a aTGqoqE qsSsaygoi.o;, ~ 8 c a : c p :cq:oa

~
C
C
00 C O O 0 C
acEc:za: mG3:unx3cnm973, o q m o a m ~603E~oS~+E:~g
O

+@
+:4.

PO*

cC+33$11
C

I 11

artillery sup-

a:q;

Ft'@:@E:
obaoSpv:

3
~

PPm at
v enter
v ~seize

m+m

$4

F"

qqmf :+:

...

people
town
abandon
refugees
control
head for
run away
UN
reiief official

say
they
30,000
for
preparation
been made
main roads
on
tank
and
except
clear of

~. .

i,,;
,?$,

..

&&+q.v

+&
9&

srnduE&

: V i
C6\:m:
@\.rn@\.~:

4:J:
:
3n

be silent and
desolate
n two
n day
V
last; go on
d v continuously;
incessantly
v shell; fire
conj because of
n place

cqrcl&

+%%!
!&YF

n
n
n

s,+c~?:
:

o&o&yF

a&wd6&p
-

g&m33m&

ac#a/Sq$ed
adj many
6am89%
n building
n heap of rubble s+E:o48:
n state
m&a&b&b&
v b e reduced
p6cFy&gEd
to, reach
part that
4
v report;
.5.E.64:
comment
4

entire town

P@

udv practically;
FZ

almost
dead bodies
just; only

w:c(wa8

be left behind

spokesman
major
(name)
d v sporadic
n fire-fights
v continue to
occur
n Reuter
newsreport

(name)
v condemn
n
community
udv effectively;
decisively
v take action
conj to
v urge
v report
udj another
v evacuate
conj when

,daq aid
wm&&

request

Selection Thi

..

.. ,

,..>.

. .

.- . - .

..

..
.

- .

,. ' .

..

66 :::(

,'~J

7 .

. .

..
.~

.,
..

-.

.. . ..

-. .
. .

. . ..:
,

...

, . '

. ,
. . , ...~

.I 836P)
,is6~

336 63
'

..
. ,. .

:.

- .

3 j o 4 : ~ a l : m & ; ~ i ~EB C
: ~~ ~~ : ~ $ C @
0&
~6
:$
Ijm$:

d$qn&u$

q,s'@s:,,

qj%g,g@Em-E86ctq+.

crncm@:~?~:B:~$
?sp:m q ~ ~ ~ c a O S o a .j:zqoaE
Gc~~:
t OC
=ge:c@&.s:,,
G:&:+Z:?oS@:v: GlYSd ~ o ~ o - & w

$4

Bs,.,m6c

sqaY,:$nSqm:pW
q,Sc&Z:.

p@:v:=$,l

Vocabulary

6d
='C'-l-@Cp

n
n

(name)
(name)'

44

rnpcy$e$a$

area
tourist

@ T q x ~ g 8 : s ~ ~n o 8Myanmar

&$pcS=:

cave-temple2

(name)'

inspect

chairman

~lll~$0"71:~ n
v

new town

~6:8$+8:~d n

road sign

r ) c d s +

Ministry of

building

accompany

ad=&
n

Pyu culture4
thrive, . .

distance

aq'j that which is

relevant
n board of trus-

~@:@:M:M

adj valuable;

q6
v be situated
part that which is

accompany

remain

. :.

&el:

..
. .

.y

'.

mGcnE

i
i

.:

;D&m&$j
m&

lrdv continue to
conj also; as well
n what is necessary
i
adv always, ever
v try; attempt
n past, history

'

sq$:;:

brief

d:b4E:+

separate sign
board

~ohcSS-~+

q m & ~ $ ~

)&-

43

++

%!6:@8:

. . ..,,

adj good

&:an:

d:$
.

n - door
v put on

6+

EnglishMyanmar
n bilingual
ppm with; through;
in
v instruct

1
i
i
i

Notes
1. Sriksdra one of the ancient Pyu capitals of Myanmar, lies five miles
south-east of Pyay on the left bank of the Ayeyarwady and about 180
miles north-west of Yangon.

2.

1
I

3.

1
-

..

. . . ..

~,

4.

A cavetemple is a temple with a hollow, vaulted base with an image

or images of the Buddha on a central block, usually surmounted by
terraces and a square-based curvilinear tower ending in a conical finial.
A stupa is an edifice enshrining sacred objects. It is usually built in
the shape of a bell-shaped tumulous resting on a series of receding
terraces-anditself crowned by a spire ending in a tiered conical finial.
The Pyu are a people who had once inhabited the centra! part of the
country during ancient times and left behind inscriptions, Buddhist
monuments, and numerous artifacts of their culture. Their dress,
cles of the Chinese
no longer existed as a nation after the 1lth century AD.

adv

cvxm

8.s
6%

monsoon rice!
e&l
plant
let's

m34n54ccl:
0

d
d:

n
n

P+N

mu3
o o p

Ministry of
Agriculture
June
29
acre
12
million
summer paddy
4
total

34:
32mg:qns

+!dens
~.(pq8d

one
crop
July
in the middle of
before
to completion
in rows

aoEccmrS

plant seed directly

word to denote
suggestion, order
etc.
be tilled thor-

[5:
9

Wd

conj
n
v
conj
n
v
v

s u S f o l ~ & ~ +n:

d:

germinate
~1:-9l4w~I, seed planter
v plant seed
q.taq05
conj or
string guideline
evenly
seedling
two
week
9:
n
three
,.
part approximately,
04.
about
ppm in
98

4:.(p91

'

4
plant; cultivate
basket1
1,000
production
target
cany O U l
word indicating
continuous
process
word denoting
politeness
first

adv
adv

(of nce kernel)

. peek out from
h e split husk
24
hour

-'3
- .,
Z&L

@:

%
-,.,

&.

. .*

,
.:
@--*
dE:qnS
5

333

v9lJ
32+:&

n
v
v

~98~3

part
?OSw
n
d + ! m n
:

@cu$?d

~2
mdcu

ad:+
9
qco:c$E:
033

chemical fertilizer
systematically

+:d:

n
v

Pests
disease
care

'

n
n
v

be able to
second
October

possible
replant

ppm -

1:

bd
'I

:
T

'I
i?

third
as
oleaginous crops,
oilseed crous
legumes
moisture

get, receivc'
irrigate

conj and at the s;

time
n three croDs
v
n

get?
income

c84wns

effectuation
till

*.(ppl

plant

94

oEcS

"

as quickly as

crdv

3266
n
dqdd:+ n

till and weed

~ ~ b m c q adv
($@m)q~: n
provide

-I

f8

adj
adma:+
v
3 a c ~ r f i dadj
:

protect and
,_
,- - .,-- - i@bit-~-?~1"-_
-0dm8nxu n September
+SjS6:
v
reap, harvest

9 d f d q E :

i
I

,;.

Z:,,
L;; ;&J..

';;*&$iF

WLLLL~UW

9 $ : " ~

$8
a,$

dry

~:oScT

task; job
every
machine power

64~$.S+y

technique
conj and
n

=0;1=$

need; require

cydcS:

+:
C\q

adj

assistance, help
nearest

. ,

;;s::::.-.
..-

'

..

. .

ppm
v

Myanma
Agriculture
Services
with

obtain

I.

cn8: is a unit measure for grain approximately equa: to a bushel.

2.

Here the conj d is in reality an elided form of 44ljgom8.

3.

See also note below.

4.

This combination of two verbs, the former m e a i n g 'to get 31izg. e x .

and the latter meaning 'to be; have' is often used in formi;l communication in lieu of the single preceding verb, with which it has the same
meaning.

;!.: ..;.

...

. ..
, .,.
.

~$~9)713g933338~;)~0&03?8

Notes

'

Selection Forty

d8
L 036EEGO8~~

..;:

:.

-a,g*

Public
%isdRelations
c
:
and Psychological War- mqFp&
fare
director
dp&
Brigadier

0 .

OOC

9 6 s m S o 2 ~ ~ p : a c g E~l:~cy;cg:muqoS+$m;q~:~
&

sq:cg:z+c:

Vocabulary

Myanmai
part marker for
anyein *
future tense
~anu$:d adv as regards
dance
(as a form of entertainment) 0mamm,5
n first
am$smg:
n
standard
cysc4:$8&
o $ m n S 6 + ~ : ~rt ~ promotion
,,.+,,:
n coordination
. .
and advancemeeting
ment
today
(name)
afternoon
competition
1 130 pn1
working
Nalional
commitice
Theatre
Q$:w:
v '0' mee'ing odob:cad n parlour

,qe
G

@:+
m3u2
o&mc'mco

qE

n
PI

o
n

(name)
JUIY
6

The M i ~ o r
Daily
~ $ jcr;lxing
~r Septern bc,r
pprz in

-7
Y
GG~:

223s

ppm in; at
parf word denoting
a state, action
or skill3
m chairman

txcq.S~cFo$@:

P-9

$(%'IF$I~~

cn&crp&

(name)
attend
give address
invitee

(name)

Ministry of
Defense

S&&:U~:~
$E~C+~OSS@:~
d

~ T C

'22

& G Y ? ~ @ j m ~nd

a$@:cvylF

n
n

m S 0 s a r S ~ 4 6 ~
$$:q18

$%~~YIF~?:
m$:~a
aaQ3aP$

Commander
-in-Chief of
the Defense
Services

nuturing
patriolism4
aims and
objectives
in the beginning of the

Senior General
n (name)
~ d jgenuine
n

e&6cmoqpnS
w

not extinct

~E~FQ;

anyein
artiste

CXC+f

~cmd-j;ac&~

social status
help; aid

direct
as such
social
objective
national
prestige
racial
prestige
cultural
heritage
national
characteristic
to preserve;
to keep alive
preserve
safeguard

month

omE

a&
&@:

v
v

stan
coordinate
address:
st.a*z

Notes

I.

2.

Selection Forty-One

The noun and adjective 6 4 representing

~
the nation and language is
romanized as Myanmar while the possessive 6Jw is romanized as
Myanma.
s@ anyein literally means sth gracefully sumpluous or mrlod~ously
mellow, and as a form of dance ir is a non-dramatic peiffir:ilance in

which a female artist sings, dances to the accompaniment of light

music, and is usually supported by comedians.

3.

The word csy suffixed to a verb or noun denotes some purpose,

concern, business or affair in connexion with it.

.os~~arco~rdso?~~&c\36~$8~~m
'to
L

$8

q;q$

(=mE:+)

oe o r .

q c : p c c oqcmmEl.3askpm
oc.

32g.2gti

c oc

p c t k : 9:m&sa3:ol:a.$qEsq
o r

r e e

rnsq31p ~ c q m 8 g , opcmnpcqcocuoj
~
salE:smEcm
CQ

3 a ~ ~ o c t p ~ : p~ : w
~ b ~s a~: 0wl : n
~ ~ E~ m
6t : ~
a:mqwcy

3463

U ) ( I ; ~ ~ . ~ C ~ ~ q;
~T:;E~l.q.Z
c&..g.aE
t+..6Eci
me4311E
c

c-y:c$iqp:c$

cqmqq

6.r6@$ll

q6zmmq1q c q : 8 ~ ~G1J ~3a:?%:qx1

I
c oc

EZqchP
n+ol

+n$.y

coc.

cmcEE:

L ~c pI e f ~
c

q ~ q p c c~~Q:cu):+F3ak2!

( d : ~ m c a : o l : q ~ ( ParrS~cV3aGPHv

UIOE~$II

4; tb:y : w 6 ~ a : o l : a ~ ~ ~ s wsa+qnS~E:o$
~ ~ a $ ~ ~ $
o

c a 6 ~ c m ~ c & p F m & e c d m & ~ ~ ~ : ~ 0 - i m v3 :1s3c1p 6 c q m ~ ~ :

0 r
O$:DaY~:OaE
\

E+M$ZC

W : ~ 6 e a : ~ l : p Fm m q c & j E : c S e m ~ m

wc+

~~"Sg8:
n
c808Qc~dd n
rn&c~da83~4$:
Vocabulary
q:cu&a:

m:d:

y6c~:
CCu-'

94

n
v
v
n

narcotic
drugs
deter
prevent
task, job

observe
conj in order to
v

fE~&:y:w6w:o?:
m4,q2cg~&

Foreign
Anti-narcorics Comm:~nity
arrivei
(name)

June
7
(11 mi e)
(11am e)
base
chairmar!
:he RQy 2::

Canadian
Police

q-

m~8788&d

n
n

Mr.
(name)

ce?2:---6

+j,oE
3&

2:
&+Ez

d
=A cpS
49.

lead
n member
n (name)
part person2
n (name)
P P of
~
n danger

64%

v~6p&

s4:$~5:

yesterday
c-ox.@E:~q:b$ by air
r
GC :
adj it; this; that
(name)
(name)
(name)
(name)
(name)
(name)
(name)
(name)
embassy
n

today
morning
(name)
Defense
Services
Museum
visit3
afternoon
narcotic
drugs
central
committee
Joint
Secretary
Police Colo-

4.5.

conj in that
TO;^^
conj whens
cxnE8dq@
n measuresundertaken
yoSmS:m8dS~ n documentary video film
QdaE~d
n slide projector
~@$rnqa
n map

KG

98:cu8:

EX

e
0
3
2
:

9c':4d

ppm objective
case marker

ppm with, by
means of
v explain
v show
part also
pron their
n country
n organisation
ppm according to
v combat
adv in return;
v present
conj then; after
v
v

Interpol
ZO&&CC,:ZI~~~

07 08

n
v

liaison
officer
include

v
v

room
come4
meet

w:

that
cooperate
improve;
progress
business;

matter
p p ~ n dac~ v case
e

markeP
(name)'

~@m:
p9m:a
a$

adv
n
v

on behalf of
dinner
host

xm2:

Selection Forty-Two

news
get8

Notes

1.

Thecombination of ccp& (to arrive, reach) and (have; be) and the
395 are to be found in formal usage. In ordinary
similar
C,I 6 to denote "arrive, get, know" respeccommunications +I
tively suffices. IE formallterms, such as aS+.$(pronounce) and
(want),' however 6 is an integral part of the term irself.

mqf,

i
k.

1g

Although the use ~f the numerical classifier

conveys a dignified
sense in cornparisfin with the other numerical classifier for persons
-41 $& ,etc.. a e former may be also found in terms such as $2:
+ton5 (both sides p&z:p60(both) I +:z:~Scl:8 (fish
made with
three kinds of fisi-. : or m 6 ~ : m 8 m 4(someone).

3.

Thecombined fez: of*:

(go) and ccp& (arrive; reach) to denote the
act of going and cx (come) and c@ (arrive, reach) to denote the act
of coming is for fcimal usage.

4.

As above.

5.

functions s a conjuncrion, linking a verb wit11 the followii~g

modifier (as in c--2+:mm:spqc c o c; Uc ~ : q ~
... yis very
~ $adept
~ ~in
playing soccer.)

6.

The objective mzl:r

7.

a4+-

8.

See Note I .

I1
I

I
I

3:

2.

i
j

should have been lised instead.

refers to i?:z Central Committee for Drug Abuse Controi

U

.
.

.. .

.
..

90 0

( ~ o $ ~ $ ~ & c ~ omflyqmm$:
$ @ :

nca+$;,..8:qu$

cmcm

amdfi

13wr
QC~~CU$

c3Tm
-9:c
roc

o r

c y ~ y c ~ q c~lq&T071G+~$U;1~m
q
y:~Vo{Wv: ~ @ ~ r n E r n
6 6 2 : amEc

o&Ean:u211

360

8:

q~+86em

conj if
11
problem
v
benot
resolved
n dollar
n million
n
n
n

Vocabulary
E33$:cg?e

&dm:

c6p2:odcv

n
n
n

motor car
trade
disputation

$ud

mq"$$:

tq:c~crS

IZ

avoid; evade
spare P J F L ~

[363nSo&c$:@

n
v

rnai.icet
star?; c o n -

.8.=Qd
8:gxcY

conj therefore
n the whole
ivorld
11
economy

54

ad), n~ore

m8mpc\i:

@doqlS:m

bi' wealthy

5,900

aCY6~CqE

worth
Japanese
luxury car
midnight
exact
punitive
duties

37&+

wn8:an:

v
v

i~t~sliless
doing fine
profit

GFP

proclaim

11

Japanese
hlinistcr of
Trade

'

cu~C4.adcv
o$@:

sovcrnrnent
adv zarlier
11
demand
v rt:linquish
11

-m5&m
n

such as
agreement

con8:+~&

Jl

n
n
n

Wednesday
agreement

cn603~C\i:8:~c~nworld
economy

mmZa7h

9&ccs/SG%F

c$#:~"SQJX

fi

declare
v.'e

objectives

11

11k)W

American

~.XJC)C~~

corl~ I I O ~o ~ l l y

E$jvE

. . ,..,

~cp~mu5

&60$

==Yqf

$@$36

prerogatives

EYnS

v
v

destroy
be tantamount

unilateral
action

q-

8:45~4n

ppm
part
n
adv
v

wiii
that
fear
recently
etc
reveal

Rote
1.

Postpositional marker suffixe.d to nouns to indicate purpose(equiva1ent

in usage to the preposition for ar such phrases as for the sake of, so as
to.

.
.

Selection Forty-Three
-

- - -.

836 C 5 8

k)Cn?k)

C
53rk)8~6086TB

E$bnqqE$.a?

&:t8:c~Ev:cf

~.$m$m$~anc&~E:~
&$M
:@
c

+Ec+, 3 ~ ~&Ma4v:gOoaZ
6
mcCp&Eoz +cc~~~m)e&$
v:m:6 $ ~ ~ 4 ~ + q$jFPOS~
. a 7 ~30!+0Scf C O E ~&: E~ G ~ . E ~
@ula3$11

G(u:E~.~
3aa$EC

?~w&.c&

second

@abm:R~cd

capital
Mandalay
City

ounodftccu:

Greater

O C .

GCU:B~~G&
E d s c q ~ s o a &s c u &

-..

cad8

v
3)c4~3+338 n

.u~@J.
6$m+
+:c+ojm:

Mandalay
become
aim at
undertake
responsibility
conj before

~ ~ c o : ~ ~ ~atlm+:mm3aOaE:
S o Cr $ : ~
E:8:$E&b$11
Q .

taking (over)

Vocabulary
o m

a@ great

m&:

road

construct
v

3
n
m

El.

n. state
n power
v assume
v

fall into dis-

town

lose touch

town
adv

ifi

wonder

Q$:G8@&

q S s 6 p 6 ~ ~n d ~sth overmanner
em+$-

adj unsighel y

adj

beautiful

3)q,p&

be modem
new building
a 4 broad
a@ straight
n arched
bridge
n sovereign,
independent
adv for many
years
n people who
have existed'
(as)

adj civilized4
n Myanmar
King
a@ the last
v reign
n Konbaung
dynasty
n King
Thibaw
n royal
capital of
Mandalay
n Myanmar
culture
n heritage
v preserve

oq% IF
n

palace
building
renovate
iavages of
war

@6

pprn due to
v
be destroyed
v rebuild
1996

y]&$:

A- q m $ t + d

3ee~i

@qQt$wi&n

Visit
Myanmar
Year

v come, visit
pprn will

mcsp~

ad

commander

of a military
region
C O S : ~ ~ ~ n guidance
v adopt; follow
QY
conj while
@?-I&

a&$

t
!

m:

dg&

n visitor
pprn to6
n national
prestige
n pride of

ancestry
adv distinctly;
plainly

a&pp
1

6;q.
pcQq4
gr

see
to become

0dco$cu8:

44.

29s
(%1.&0+

n
n

comittee for
(urban)
develo~ment
chairman
mayor

n
n
v
v

moat . .
encircling
road

. c q ~ : c y q b c ~ .:. n

broaden
upgrade

-go$:

n
ppm
v

mcu

@a:

water.distnbution
period
within
accomplish

.:

rs

ad vancement

of urban development

8~~~34:

91~05

a,

=QCf4c

q:41A

adj high-class
n Royal

-Legy o

Mandalay
Hill

ivzlled
precincts of
the royal
palace

:'

"scfp$' is redundant in this context, as it,or rather b c @ ' from which

it is derived, means 'in the capacity of,' and in actual usage substituted
with the adverb 'as' ( as in"n;U$~& mm$:m~o: mmo&3a6+EF ...s9 ,
'As chairman of this meeting, I.. .'). As such, it could have been left out
altogether in this sentence.

3.

The particle is derived from the adjective meaning 'good-looking' or

'favorable' and is used here as an intensifier in the form of a particle
suffixed to the word to be qualified.

2.

The word lu2ccril: by itself means 'civilized', but here it has been
combined with &$ct3.which means 'gentle', 'refined' amongst other
things to emphasise the point.

The Konbaung dynasty was founded by U Aung Zeya in 1752 AD and

lasted until 1885 AD, when the last King in the line, King Thibaw was
deposed by the British and expatriated to India.

6.

The use of the postpositional marker indicating dative case 'm:' is

incorrsct here and the nominative 'a$' should have been used instead.

The wardqd stands for characteristic as well as prestige and it has been
combined with qc$F,
which means 'race,' and m d 'birth' to represent
national prestige. A shorter expression would be
.
&above.

Market

Cldb CN:C&

'

2.

project

lay down
q:@.c&d~&&-&
ndj cdirtinc~ively
impressive

is an abbreviated form of Mandalay.

I.

a$Of--..a.fj~
4:md66y

Notes

or

Central
Command

~ ( u ~ ~ c : ~ c :

Q ~ P W I ~ ~ n

. ,

I:,

fmSYDS

-.

~$0831)30~3~~\:

adj international

{Etmcm

q ;.L..;:;

8.

. ,

----

,
~
' -.:P$)
xrjJ

"*,.<
1$
;%

;@@

:-..i
4

Selection Forty-Four

Vocabulary
mmm6~0y3 n

natural forest

&4:d8:

v
v

maintain
safeguard

P~?!

a4

long-term
benefit
embody

wyp#adlca6

(name)
July
The Mirror
Daily1 ..

accl:B:~

-54-

c~W?

3 a ~ 4 ~ 8 : ~n
$cq33$11

3aoa:s3kc~ ~ q : ~ : r n ~ s n Su&+
r n o&-vqOSB&+kE:
~
c

m@35eoSe6 ~ m c ; m y : g ~ ? ~~p 6 c m ~ 1 ~ : G : 6P&y

y3a~

09&@

m&co:cqGE6m$11

4 ~ x 3 5eqdapoFK)OS+

~e:~,:,~,+~,.~~,~,
O C

o e

$nSaE:qp:+

g8$$:EC

a,&nrq

944

n
n

~ @ ? ~ m

~ c $ c J $Etc03S95

mmos3scmvip:q

; o q : m ~ : r m o a $ , c q ~ $ ~son;?mra3aqoS
~1 :L A

&xn6

qq:no13aoc
C O

3.16~cm

cp&cyScyic6
12

{mpll
c

s3moocno):qc
+@cg+

oe

o e

y e

ococ

c o q : m a : c g c y & ~ . $ : ~ z a c 9:apcaa:cuq:
q~~

3aV82:4mqE

3accmEsm$c&c9hp

CVm:$.

ppm

world's ecolOgY
condition,
situation
on2
.
. '

n{fnq8qcqB
.

.
.

.
.

CV4

-133

.
..

I..
. :. .
. .

..

in modem
times
n mankind
adj important

C~SC~:Q$

in the m a n
depend on
conj therefore

program
schedule
a@
n as3
a c m : ~ ~ :
v respect
{Et
12
counirji
~cc&qp:yp:
cr$j many
~ q ~ $ : ~ b n : depletion
+Fa01
ppm with

nccu:m:

m$~anc,rn~,:

.8.43

n
v

.~
.

. .

people

c:.
..

n
v
n
conj
v
part
v
v
v

v
v
n
n

&

adverse effect
occur
unprocessed lumber
also
scarce
as
reduce
extract
export
stop, forbid
find; know
(name)'
Ministry of
Forestry

& n~ timber
8 ~ extraction

m&m6q.y
,c@n

ysq6q6

ttol3

+bs$
&+&-&$I

3C+48~yx
48:y5
01 m

rz
n

timber export
various conditions

n policy
ppm according to
v regulate,
control
n

other countries

v compare
conj if

s 6 i d :
sq:s@

good
foundation
adv especially
n

Cn:+:76J:

o -j a A m o 2

from
ancient times
through
generations

C ~ ~ C J ~ ~ & + & Zn:

c96
,~&Q&Q&

=+:El

,Qdl+:~:p

=a 6pd
rn2:co:
qd

4.d
4
a+od

selective
felling

method, system
adv undeviatingly, steadfastly
v use; follow
n

deforestation
danger
free from
stdl
conj however; but
next4
n
n
v

pp

future

{Ead

v
n

+5:98:m:(ij+q

~3:;.

look towards
country
nationals
welfare;
benefit

&&
3

rdr)~~;:
....

project
: c43wcril
adv systcmati..
cally; methodically
set up
produce
environment
conservation
nine districts
greening, afforestation
dry zone
scrn6am$c&
v implement
v gain momen3184349
tum
~ ~ 2 0 1 ~ " t climate
~ S o E r u d c m ~n: trees and forests
will keep on
~:.d
n knowledge
3 x 3 0 ~
~BF
adv firmly
v comprehend
~:cu$
8&4:E8:
r
n plan ti ng
adel pr-oudly
PmYP
beautiful and
pleasant
therefore
traditionally

C Q C & ~ ~ C & ~n
cn&?cn$:
C)

profitability
only one
part not

6d

see to; be concerned with

am0&0;:~2
d{:s38:cV

Pa9

preservation
of natural
environ men t
on principle
be acceptable

coC&6$8qC)$
C\aYCV3=9
0e==%{2 $,

adv socially
be adaptable
said
n parameter,
criterion
v hold on to

=?a6
i

-3cqeEl
z ~ d m ~ :

d{:$S:ccy

conservation
of forests
extraction
and utilization (of timher)
between
equally
compatibly
view, con-

n
q&yrr~+:~c~
n

=@.:
adv
mmmmacnp adv

pbZ+:m&

sider
.

.SF,'

Selection Forty-Five

Notes
1.

Thc Mirror is one of Lie two large dailies in Myanmar Language

published in Yangon.

2.

The postpositional wTq2 is actually an elided form of ~ a c o T ~ 2

meaning on-top of, ant in use generally corresponds to thelocatjvc
preposition on, althougi similar prepositions such as in, towards are
also applicable in son- contexts.

3.

means literally 2 szireor existence but when Lie word occurs after
a noun and is followed 5y a verb, it assumes the role of the adverb as.

4.

Word indicating futur? (expressed in English by adverbs in future.

later, afterwards).

03E{eq33s5aOa4 ~ F B : ~ $ : ~ $ G J - ) ~
qE m
qcm
&
J{-e$
m q d S : q F p ~ m a $ pm66:cTE 66q013$1i
o a E m aEmu+Ed$e =q4S:mEg.srJ+
S(UW+C;uc mEtcN
R+c&m$:
cmm:acu:@;6E:~
wma:2v:$6ii~
m6@pi
re
C O O C
m
c y ~.
.
~,at
,d c ~ i : ~
m"co:cq4
&I=$II
o'ad R(quq4G:v:+
i.cTosq:r26
$
0
'
~ : ~C 0m m ~ m6+6mc&m69a
~ c + ~ C ~Y l m6 cCyO~sOt Cc c m ~ $:+C O
PmqlFq$mq~a6ol=SS11
Q O C

T G ~ $ C ~ <

336&/3<

meq3q.s,s:t$:,

00

33P&
4i3(:i
m&cmZcU3:n@

qTJ9:&

s ~ ~ : ~ + G9&6 xI 6 9 :
Eq~I
: 611
~ ~ $ C l ? ~ 6

c ~ ) o ~ c D6$:6+-1
~ $ ~

e~&$cb:~E n

W & Q ~ $ ~ J $ ~ E6 p
~ : ~ ~ ~ :
Q
,4:m-E$i$l
@qqaTsa3:+63a~zB: $ & t @ : c ~ v : ~
q : z s ~ m2:0365~ 13Fc9dBll
ckoSqFqScu$: qrncqp1 861 wmm1 mq6
~ : ~ : " E Q J X~ IO W PI C : ~06- paE:3aCY~'$:0Ev:Bm~EE:"$
oooc
m6[3Qc6(J~~
q39Gq:&j ELCySES:~ $ d u $ l lQ Q ~ C2w$6c@~
o c o
g3aQ..iaz 0 s ~ ~ + &S:ocjoEv:
w
pmyFO?rn08ma3aecmE
or.
,qrnm2:
o~,q0:~+ccc&3aq"Sm~:
m6u6036m8:m q $ 6 p

was

.,

grow; plant
orchard and

$oS$cvoP

plantation

mc/S;otm&

agriculM
n

relay

distribui?

C O

O C

O C

durian

n
n

mangosteen
rambutan

q&cud
cs$:ooS

ou tsidc I:-.t
country
v be free
v buy anC st!];
trade
v conduct
conj while
n (name)

Vocabuiary
cqo;:an:
~

be popular

fmit

12

June

TheNeiv

466

country;

send, ex; :TL

conj because
V

adv especially

mhs:o03

cy4~3~tp

.Eh;eQ

d ~ 6
$6
=?I

E+~~~cuZ:

cZq.;@
@!~L&c~~
j c &n

:
I

--

L- -

-. -

agricuiture

delectabie

Agriculture

c3net

uncultivated

d6:cyG

refrigeri: ::
container
v put in, ~ 2 : ; :
conj because
n

green ccI;:

will have :I be
(name)

garden; orchard
n plantation;
farmyard
n home
all available
conj if
n income
n family
n country
tt

conj but
n air frcight
charges
v be costly
n damage

d m &
~ f \ 3 0 ~ 3 $ ~

tq:@
c4&8:%
mfmd
u
P

q$:?$:

each time

amount
a little
at present

European
market

we3ael
L

2~CP~E91:qOE

mb4
m&~m$-D

4:qc99

penetrate
m8pSmdmSP
year by yeax
8%
adv more
bg:i4.
v expand
333
part only
v require
v

&$:cY&

4=& -

..

adv nowadays
v find sth ap
pealing
n consumer
adj pretty
n rattan basket
n delicious
n birthday
pt
special
occasions
n New Year
n gift

sell like hot

cakes
v be popular
coming
n Visit
Myanmar
Year
n foreign
exchange
v open
adj perpetual
n merit
rr six
part kind
p p m among
jack-fruit
n guava
n fruit tree
n jasmine
IL
rose
decorative

m8odmCmd:

in a way

w!
.8.@$

v help
conj therefore
=q6
n shade
v be enhanced
Y
C O ~ :
part & eonj denotes
inclusion
o6:o
v fill (one's)
belly
&em&
v urge

'

-,

Notes
1.

2.

3.

means sweet and sour taste literally, inusage however it

denotes the sense of being tasteful.
The postpositional m a r k e r q is suffixed to a noun to indicate direction
(equivalent in usage to the locative preposition to).
Thepad a$: is suffixed to two or more nouns or phrases in a manner
similar to the employment of conjs "not only. .. but", "also.. .","...as
well as..." etc.
.

orpeTol

CB:

88qE

charity
adj sacred

. ,.,

.
,.:-. e.-:.
...

..

.<L

. I..,,:m.
. ,;p$p
;,.$
:or

t.

.
. ..

., i:
....
. .

.. ,:,*
.-,.

Selection Forty-Six

C\\.

doSacgax$ll

3123

?+6

{oEmm

joqmceq:

m070_3~2p.39

c\

~cc&o$~n~~.$~~E
~ l&s ,cFO n o m m ~m
: c o : m 6 a ~ m 6 : ~ [ ~ ~ ~

~ E $ o E ~ G I E : 33G3z:6C
E
C

oc

C . C

jac:oqEL.+w

Q.0

qE:~$x$il
C \ O

5 ~ ~~ ?+b
~~ a$?di
5~ c +a:

s z q o A m m S : EL.c&sol

:.~

2-t

q~+,ia
~ ,~- (5 ~

moac:oac c~~cyoco:$zr
$11
<

n
n

second time
December

md(dj:mdcrl:

n
n

15
25,000

ow:

rn&-m@d

about; approximately
third time

3l?C- ?@

n
n
n
n
n

the year 1992 @:q:

12
Q%Y~
43,000
dvqd
the year 1993 q:,fjFw:
November
mm~

n
n

20
fourth time

mrupcq:

Around the

OPcl;

p&ws@d

Vocabulary

BaE-

(name)
city development
committee

~ f i ~ ~ ~ v~ &increase
~ 0 ~ ) 2

TIICCQ;

world.
shall overwhelm

a?.

~ ~ nC ~ (name)
~ ~

72338

Ii
[9i.m*04Q3T%4

said'
in keeping

with h e motto
world of
sports
standard
upgrading,
jmp;c.<;erne?t
ifor
in every
aspect

J39C.23

{~S+SOSS@:~

of
O T ) $ C ; O
achievement @:@Sll
sports activity E{
social affairs E$qqp:
(name)
(name)
@QEc(mrs8Ecq:
September
3

=3

momentum,
accelerate
while

8Q
3G

yA
~:mw:mcp3:

J%Q
o?oEaS&

n supervision
PPm under; by
n people,
citizens
n health and
happiness
intend, hope
v
for
conj while
Mayor's Maran thon
competition
first time
the year 1991
June
16
day
sportsmen;
athletes
2,670

=J
$?to"

~ C C =?38
4

JO

@.?.;?..;@a

~ 3 3 3 ~ :

d d c m

Ed-6
53&am&m

339Gt.c

~.&mldqS:
3

~ ?~ j i 9
c

- i

eqqc :

n
n

n
81

City Relay
Races
51,615
City Golf

Course
the year 1994
January
1
(name)
township
(name)
road; street
hold; open

O~J$:ME~

8:cm:
CY-:
CCUC~:

CUP
football
volleyball
badminton
basketball
caneball
chess
including
promote
religious
affairs2
religioils
affairs
education
health
disaster from
fire
flood disaster
calamity
caused by
Ston?.:
Pi
refugee
conj also
v
cooperate
1'
c~nf.:.ibu:~
'

@G
4~5:mEO:
.c:

mdr$rn6:@~ n

allround
developme]

PE

the year
1931-92

3Se

313U

3J Q { : n

14.952 million

3eeJ-CI

)&Q&

lhe year

1992-93
12.041 mil:

JO

3mQ S3

3Ce?-eq

4:"

?+6

I.

E:y\p
~

state

*P

fund
C
raising
~
C

1i on

the Year
1993-94
J53
13 38: n 2 1.535 million
~~.&&1
n prerequisites
for a city
v be in accord
part just; only
6
conj not only
m ~ m
3~1358
v up to standard
n

@&0nmq4

4:m&

mp37cyo

grand,
splendid

m$-~

E@&4:35:

construct
repair and
maintain

488

0goSap@$~

Although mwcv and 3>333pcv both mean religious affairs in

current usage,uwV9
i s more formal and correct.

A Kyat is one standard monetary unit of the Union of Myanmar. It is

issued in denominations of l , S , lQ,15,20,45,50,90,100,200and500

. ,.

..

.. .>.::y.,.;
4:.:

.:r.

, ..

1 :

4.

mg33,+g

to become
be modern
progress

cad8

2.

manpower

$a&

q+n

The term
originally meant 'spoke thus', 'said that', and was used
to indicate reported speech. Later, itcame to be usually employed in the
manner of a prenominal adjective such as 'called', 'named', 'known as'
etc. With this change in grammatical function as well the resulting
transfer of meaning, it has now assumed the functions of a particle
denoting a comparison drawn between the preceding and following
nouns or noun phrases.

"03

The term E.l*:

itself means a great city or metropolis while a

Garden City is usually translated as 2 4 i J L , c & . Here, the qualifications 'clean and beautiful' probably refer to a city which is unpolluted
and lush with greenery.

world-class
5.

The panicle
is suffixed to a noun t.0 indicate state, condition,
nature or guise of being in some role or position (equivalent in usage
to adverb as and suffixes -ship, -hood).

happy
healthy
sound physique
. .

146

147

Selection Forty-Seven

EL E P ~ ~ s ~ S C E G9J3p~T
O?S
(.mEqE:+.S$:)

s;

98.18

Je
or.

+ C C & E ~ O S ~ @ : ~ ~ ~ G - ~ 3a$:6\cu&m0;0aS
~SG~~;,$.
o

8::"

o r

307.yc:m:-

r oc

+ w m o c ~ u m $ m m q + r n ~ e y 6 e q ~ ~3aY+oE

Es:,6:,a-gijeuSll
Ea:,a:mm$,;3asii
c+~acu$:$~m$~~
r r
ESy qp:,; cal ::can;
9]+ ~d:qj6:mmzpFnw
9&m6e3 m
~ l p :H : ~ m $ : c c : E ~ : e p d c ~ q ~ & $ ~ d : c-~i ~
~ E ~ c 6 6 ~ 3WE:
$11
o r
J~GEW:g E ~ ~ d qc:o+:y:eolE:m
~ g : ~ ~ +4gL+$c3=
~
bG1:
r

+:m&cV3fq&

cm~B&~61$qc333

~ 2 ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ 6 5 3 $ 1 1

c 3 ~ ~ - @ ~ ~ h 3\ 2: 8nm~3 a
mq ~ d 6 + : ~ c u ~ : o + : a m z ~ w c y ~
? O ~ W ~ ~ G ~ @ : Z ++W
: ~
3:E+
i

C0

66\$cQ:
~

EL+ jSpqE:mE:eh\:3aOa& 9 $ : ~ ~ 6 : 3 3 E F 3 ~ q j ;

9~c61:oE~633$~~

r
y0 ~
: m : & . ~ E3S~E3tl":u2
o&c~nE
Q6:pn$:
66 9
". C cVc:4 ~ ~ E [ ~ ! O ~ @ O $ I I

~ 3 3 ~ ~:mE:cqm$
68

91

(6

99

<C&t.9b)Q s ~ c : &C$(i:6WC:

spsb)Gg

8:~~3E:3)p&~m:$

naE:a::ycmmq~L~m$~~

PEEG&P$:~c+

q6:rqEo-e9cqp:$

368 cqcc\rEm+@:98m901r
e3336@~a.1.mm$:

c r
3 2 5 z ~ ~ ~i1!3;
m
L

or

+c~c&~a+:qojc.j
c

Y6m:gtcSm:

c r

J ~ ~ ~ ~ $ ~ ~ @ Z U $ I I
C

oc:oq:u:6:~1 E:czmcSm

Ezoell

cy&c$:mmZm$caP

4-3

j-e;,

s9.m s m E z c r n k 3 a r n & c e ~

.j

Vocabulary

(name)'
border ares
developme.!
(name)
(name)
June
29
now

~ - $ ~ 2 ~ 6 : adv
~ q p blissfully

=4cgd
WE:
3%

m:

(namc)
governme::
during th?
time
pron they
(name)
once
like2
he not
adv

truly; in6:.53
be peacei;i
in prc~pc'r:i,\?n
to, in i;:s;::e
with
securi:y
live
leader
joint rr,e::inp
after

v
adj

n
Pa*

solve
that
answer
emphatic
particle
cooperate,
rally
one's locality
primary requirement
road communications
next biggest
concern
prerequisites
for urban
status
equal, measure up to
water supply
and electric
power3
acquisition
town
for electrifica

ways and
~Z~JJ&@$~
n local commumeans
nity
V
contrive
conj also
n
14
n
labor
n
mile
n
monetary
v
far from
resources
n
(name)
-6 $~crS
v
participate
n
Shan
n day ofcomn village
mencement
near; by
36-0 J-cp
16- 12-93
@@
perennial
n94~3m
v
flow
n
(name)
n stream
must develop
Y
take noticeof qCm
Part wordsindicatpart to become
ing sth said,
declared, etc.
conj so, therefore
8daq
n
wish
n
water power
c$:g:
V
overwhelm
29 n
field research
V
rally around
v
do
?!*$:?
concertedly
n
expert, tech- 31-30-C9
11-10-94
nician
An+
n
gallo:l
n
advice
?no00
0
7,000
v
obtain; get
30,000
n 10,000
n
reservoir
=+
V
hold
n
two
cqd+:
ff
lake part
=-mf3s+
n sluice c o n t r ~ ]
numerical
classifier
=v"m
n dam
n help
" 1 g ~ : q 6 c b c o Sn~ hydroelectric station

~~~336~9.

4496B

QB?@$

~ successfully
and wilhouta
hitch

m$-&

complete

n
n

duration
282

day

C+S=d.l"
m

JoJ

$
J>uS=cp

whatever;
any
united effort
$a&H85:32%
n
s c m 6 a r n $ c d v implement
conj if
c ~ E
v
succeed
c&&6
n concept
scoa:sceT

J>~&~$Q+

=+q.
964n

~d~ucp
dq08
?OO

cs4i

~ 4 1

n
n
v
n
n
v

dictum
veracity
testify
kilowatt
300
has an output
at nighr

q5088:Tb
d

dgdg~r:

1,&
tq:8

under electric
lights

adj aglow

national
~
people
ones'
regional development
capability
come to respect
value
v
conj moreover, in
addition
town water
supply
government
grant, fund
get; have
part word to indicate repetition
aforesaid
9I
lake, reservoir
from
-ppm
rt
water pipe
v
connect
v
install
rt

@&IFCV

~ ( i j E [

- 1 !I!.;
1: -

conj, therefore
adj former
part as;like

n
water supply s
v
pron for
wee
not to cause
difficulty
9,BFy
v
create, imm&cQ3&q
provise
v
carry out;
,P~,~
perform
q.q6:EqE:
n
distribution
wTC8$:
S v: ~ complete successfully

underdeveioped

adv
adv

truly
within days
emerge

Notes
I.

town's p o p -

2.

he particle cfi is suffixed to nouns to denote similarity (equivaleoi

in usage to adverbs like, as ).

3.

~ ~ ~ means
5 3 :water and fire but refers to water supply and electns

.::.!.

Maing La is to the east of Kyaing Tong (formerly tranliterated Kens

Tung) which is ifi the eastern part of the Shan State.

power in this context.

... .

.. .
.

vq

-,

is a generic term used for all kinds of timepieces as well as beinp

the equivalent tern1 for hour and o'clock. Formerly, g.3g\ was a ur:i:
of time equivalent to 24 rninutes measured by means of a clepsydr:
and there were 60
in a day.

q~q

pron I
v think

, .

.,

. .....-.:. ... .:.

:.

. .

.. . . , .
.
, .
, . v -, ,,.. . , ...
*.

,.

'

,.

:.;

:~;y$;5:.G&:2s.,.2::<&$&&;;:

:. ;;.....

, .
. . , . . ,.
.. .. . ,.. . . . >..
~:
:..,.>. .
,- ... , . ,
.
..,
.. ..... - ,.. ~.:"?=,,.;;<y,.
... . .
..:,&. . . . . ' :-.. ::
.
. .
.;... .
,, ., .
- ,..
- ;
,.. &$&:'::?'A?
. ,: .
, -,.- 3 .,.
. .
;
,
~

..

..

. .
.

...
- '

~
... . .. .

...
. , ..

.~
.
:
, . .....~
,;

..

( - :.::

.: .:,
.

:...;:..

sq:06
~ d E 6

Vocabulary

Red Cross
$.a$:
v form
Society
Q$$CMCU
n peace time
r n m ~ 3 3 : ~ c np d natural
n. history
disaster
n landmark
mdccpol~AspS n the scourge
: adj new
of epidemics
v plant
n national duty =@:
adj other
social affairs
~YT~$cu~:
n all over the
world
c$j96:
v solve
noble
adv on a broader
front
ob-jectives
emerge
fj{w{66
n (name)
WJO
EdE.$ n 1920
Internaticiual UQ);
n this year
Red Cross
8$9qp4
n diamond
jubilee
dawn of histhat
tory
v inscribe
dire effects of mtf$:+:
war
start
ome
v
because of;
6e)TcolA
v appear
due to
conj while
be wounded
social work
prisoner of
broadly
war
carry out
fc/e
find
frierld
inherent nadiscriminate
ture
help
agree;
44s
.v
nurse; care for
correspond

36~%4.~

@*@
mQcrr,

sy6:m$
cxn

&$~q.=n6
Ed$&w8ud
"548;.

4iifP
pb!d,J
a8&p:

=&$+
=?

mzqq?:qCq
C

+$
xqbV6

=WE1

adv especially
v

credit to the

country
two
sth to be proud

succeed

develop
n compassion
n goodwill
n kindness
v
found
part ad-jective
v

@yp&cw8

forming
particle
confines of

Myanmar
society
n Red Cross
Youth
v sacrifice
self-interest
adv actively
ppm inasmuchas
v
win
aa'j highest
'n award
n (name)'
conj and
v
make sacri-..
fice
12
nurse
v awarded

9C
pd-sdcp

0f

{BC+5068&:y
~$c'D.J&c~s$, n
cudcod

(name)

tenure, time
?8C9
n politics
&y:q
n economy
qYcv
n social affa~rs
Q&+:moS
v develop
conj in order to
94
@:uS:ydjc':
n every effort
n government
+W?V:
departments
~18:
v cooperat?
anem
part not only
a& individual
YBCS~
~arnqo$
fi
philanthrop~sr
~SC{:~+,,:
nu , business
men
P $ : ~ Q ~ & ~adj
non-governn

mental
~ a c n ~ ~ 6 s $ . s a ~philanthropic
:n

qjpq:a338:qp:

organizations
social associatlons

. >d

.,

~~%.+

....-.

~.'.

4:~@3&

n
v
conj
n
~ ~ v~
adv
v

opportunity
create
among these
state
support
outstanding
select
honor
September
14

0108~~05:

E&?:,
muster

_r

,.;,.'I,,

take an active ;:;-. 1 : .. 0102

v take part in
q+,@f~
c+.-A
. . . . .v
LIL~IIU
sLuruy
part
conj therefore
u+d:
conj and; besides
,d,&g
directly
adv
12
affairs;
tasks
w~:P.$
44nS
n morals
sqfmqs7
v
support
..
=connSa~q&~
$86MYS
n ambit, scope
n upgrading
n primary re-1-.
.."
C Q $ + Q : C
,8mmog
v content
sponsibility
&6%:"2~$
n pride in naq:&cm
v carry out
tional heritc v q ~
~ Y T ~ : T ? ~ I ~ social aims
n 1 he Mirror
age
o c e
and objecv
v urge
tives
@q~68oSwA n patriotism
od~n2n
:.
.
;"I
- +c
4
F
~.&60
n adequately
n
classifier
for
'
.
.
i
.
educated
95
.:.*.
2-.
9d
n day
counting
.z
=-. g
.%
,.*:..,.,
. ,&.
e4o$rn4:cnFR+Sn (name)
entities
.f&-=..-.-,
.>.I
...-;.a
include
0a8
PPm at
01
-?%
..
.
~ ~ - 8
n executive
m,&~.:+:
-. .,
the whoie
. .......
:.,.,. aop:t3d:Pa203+ n special renation
.,;$&
fresher
cq{:tm@8bccl:
upgrading
'q
course
*.
health and
fitness
V+CY~
v open
.
The 12th conference of the
+~mot;n,~
D,A
~
r---r
. . In. . 1965
..
n
c u Lruss
neld
.......T n V...uLlvraa~
' 0 + ~ ~ ' 0 ~ 5 t q 6n various asoF9$ij<w:cv
upgrading
apy:-:ed the awzrding of the Henry Dunant prize. Sergeant Sai Aung
2;
pects
education
H l a ~ Myint
r ~ of Myanmar won this prize in 1977
..
w
standards
~8:ojjp&$~l+c{:
2.
L
i
e
c
~
i
a
n
t
Khin
Ohn
Mya
and
Sister
Daw
M
Yaw Nan won the
a*
i.
g
required
:..&.-:.
q..,..
5%
czmEgnSqnSF
n measures unFlon-tc
Nightingale
Award
in
1963
and
1993
respectively.
.........
social foundertaken to
cyglcr(:sc&6
..I.";
benefit the
dation
.
d5comEpdjS:
nation
every family
..--.
96
conj and
acV&
to reach
0
32(in:W:6V
~s+a~,d,
(deliver sth)
to the very
9 2$:@
~
n national aims
and objecdoorstep
tives
3ac8
up to
-;
cqma$:y:
v learn
3a8mmw
major role
;

3ag5=co5:

. . . . .

-j;:!!j$;i

'l,

'

,,

rr

G:+

: ;?

if(

?+

.';.-.&

-..-;.(
,

~.-<
.:.~
..a

.>

.:!$
:,

.z~q

, ~ .

, .

...

. .,

,
,

. .

159

. .., :.:g:..::?'
.

:
:

.,:
. ,.:

.,.:

.:

l,

Selection Forty-Nine

Grn&~qE63p:433)$11
mE:Jam: 3 a @ ~ c & m ~ : ++:&jz:E< mZ:aj:tymCrS EST+
@:cq m&mkE:~3aq$T{q~+:33~mkz:l
2?60&600i(# m $ m

x&osm6cmv:,

c+:o~l{:~:3a):dm

P a H sfart, begin
P ~ Hnoun form-

duty or

kl$:s:P~{qC?IIZ

o r 0
C
C r g
QO:~N+:ZO+:~:
c y c
c o r o

T220;)
s
8
amy+rn4q~ymql~x:+cp:~ 6 0 a ~ : ~ ~ ~ C ? I I Z
ym
~ qzl sp :~+ m
p: z ~ ~
C

~6q4:~-~6zm33$6<m9

q:m&~<w:mamull:a:p:~<
0

3a@:cmzm+

E$3aqcj3a~qk<

a&$< +:63a):Ecaqt

Wq@$~~
get
@o$ll

~aq[:1~3:cv

$:b:6m3331

o c

~~:zm:cym~~oa$~i

Vocabulary
a
;
:

am:

'

n
rt
p1

firewood'
substiliiu.
;Il~eTfi;i:j -<,,e

~ m & & : c y & , c ~ 6 n (nartiz:

+:$cYpS

pgm sentence

government

substitute

use

O+@:p+

the year
1994
October

Ministry of
Industry (2)
ppm from3
v lead conj and
v set up, form
conj in cddition
n subcommirtee
part also
v produce
n research
exhi bition

'

m3:0C6~~66[:
k$cs$:m:c~a$

n
n

~'&-:f~m
n +
national
53C10C3306033vJ:

3009 p g ~

be

rz (name)
part word indicaring cornplelion
n Regional
Commander
n Divis~or!
Cornrnande:
n Minister
n interested
person

. _ p p m to
v invite

stove
part word denoting
inclusion in a
group
s tate
n
division
n
township
n
village
conj in order to

onstrate
c o n j as
n tenth
ppm till, until

3J
89"

township

week
three
part numerical
classifier used
in counting
weeks
v elapse
n
n

E+

St]

I
!

46:

El-*d
=#co.d+ddE):
P

,.

$:
85:m4:8h$cCL: n
8Gd4:
n

+P

'
d

6r.
-W

Omit

part about; approxi- cd:i8:9

mately

~ $ 4v
c8&
,:

=$a:

tour
charcoal
briquettes
various
tY Pes

aPccmcC1:cp

---re

bxrf=me:cq:

L.ryf

8:f

cnd:mdqp6:+:
4:9

E+"$Y
:

adj private
n
-

1-11-

"

cpvm:ccl:
n

Directorate
of Resettle98
ment
9$:d:cl:qjd
(name)
factory
84i:9~~
set up
carry oat
(task)
Minis try of
Mines
m09

E~

entrepreneur
ppm subjective
uaac 1llilrK!2I-

P.,c.d......-1

,,
,
'

\llillll!2)

central part
special areaS
n forests and
trees
adv yearly
v

n
v

/----'

n
n

O~@:F)

n
n
v

dried I
stove

yfidm

Ministry of
Defense
v w ~ : ~ l ~ ~ : n Campcorn- @+$
mander's
amd8Z:
Office
acp:C3a
Qd
machine
m~60Y3m;u8
=I+
~1
coal dross,
slack
-bfpnC
n fuel hrin. .
--q:q.
quette
e
"du"+d+c,
C U ~ : ~ :
conj both; also

4:

2
-2:

stove

coke bri-

quette stove cuAc2:n:

--

n
n

ti ves

v
n
n

cn+:cqdqdS:9

paddy husk o+@:p(

n Ministry of
briquette
17--.
ruresLs
stove
a ~ 0 7 r u u o ~ Z : n~ : co-opera-

C d U n - e ~ :

Northwest
Command
nine
greening
project

n
n
n

s:g

12

n day
ppm until

o&

GSYJ

-.
;

expand
Ministry of
Agriculture
water
get
five means

sufficient
water for
cultivation
think; for-

be cleaner

..

..

. .
. ~ .

C",&:

.r

, . . . ~ ~. . .
.

..

c;,'

: .Q

.+jtFrncm. 2:m$
m l ). ~. O0 -. ~.7
.o E ~ ? 3 j a n c n.. 6a-:+q,:-mao3:-5j~
~- ~- ~
- ;

r o r

:(VJ:$~m ~ ~ 6 ~ @ : ~ e: ~3. d3$m

~
E 8 ~ r ) ~ o jaoqcq$
:~C

,.
! ;j. :i,,i:!,;J:;:,
I ! !

$EGO&

~C5000rj3:203$j6=~6~=90e m
C

CO

o r or.

gEicvl 8:p:cq~~L+clw~@$
m{:q&qficV~

mqL6mbmmY~
+CCZXC;):
Or

q , U s c & m $ ~ j ~ c ~~cE~ t~. ~ ~ ~ & m 6 ~ < ~ c , : ,

--

3m&3q~fiq. TmuQg3a@.@:~$.a$:m$--E$@jE:,

=,A

Union of
Myanmar

*q8

half

n
n

today
mankind

v
v

face
meet

respond

n
n
n

achievement
Shortcoming
memberstate

E S c F E : u G q 6 u ~ c o m $11

c o e

+o$rnm:l q m u ~ R u $ 3aE$Ezqcrp

~d:qd:cqg~

,~$m
f2kmm-3 a&&cvaq$u6m696
om+qmmapj

r o c

olocacsT3aqoS
cc

y20asqcpcqoS

TN~QR

8S@&~$

m6+czmEQ6Eq$
~.a$:m$c-Zm~

g\3aalu~wqZ

6u:cp a q p t E : E 6 z m

$Z:O+:~~:

na]goq.m:+:m

mq~em-3Z:84d +Elggficm

oc.

qrnsagm

rpp+b3amo$.

h q ~ o & ~ .;claoq.3act@
~ $ ~ ~

mm$+nSil

qcmErpq5
r e

+Epq:l

reflect

+6crp&q$:m&

m9E:3aoa& 3 a q m q

~3a6som$11

)6(30)Eg
nGS:3agoS~6s-

m&S:q&:csl:~

message

cc

founders

am8m$cm8

$@~ux(fi(cS

mwos@cal:gF

01~zo~R3a~.@:3acoT
qCOq.d

n
n

be important
anniversary
occasion
organization

v
n

0)6$
~1

The New

ppm from

war

put on record
v

possess

q&+
v

o$d:m$cd

create

n
n

represent,
render
z~E$ij$;lg8cp adj international
~ { ~ $ h r n & : n charter

mSt?y:;lg8rp
0

number
three times

v restrain
conj in order to

adj universal
..I
body; or-

ing alluiidn
v

enact

purpose

~Q~:oE&~Ec~YI)
adj priceless
v

n
n

become

render

m&d:d

follow-.
adv once again
v

4:rndp
cu~.6p:
rn5

humanity,
people -

n
v

advancemen1
promote; carry

n
n

machinery
one
envisage

s4F.8

v
v

count as

ColdWar

be important

a 4 developing
n

area
freedom

8dB1d
cunj because

%CP(~;

adj preferred

countries

adv completely

mm4.amCfi

aGs y ~ & :

&j-:~03&j(

play; take

cornrnernoration

favorable
condition

ings; atmos-

dm&:

reaffirm

endeavor
ol-:cqm&9&+:$ n humanity's
s ~ ~ 2 : + : aadj the best
++:CXX:
n
hope

peace-keep-

emphasize

0324

~ : ~ ~ 1 8 : w o * ~ d c ccooperation
yn

n
n

understand-

collect,
group,
assemble
centre

conj also; as well

JxrS08yE$~ n

commitment
..,-.

occur

iilternational

order, system

d ~ ~ & : ~ r nv & renew;

a new w

r e

Selection Fifty-One

'

EQa$"

~$q9aF6q83Abf = 8 6 ~ . S ,

k4eek3)$ 33+364$

E$c~~GEc~$

m_MoaE~ ~ ~ & pcoipnSPg:l

:~u$ll
c ~ n S ~ o S

E+&Caf

N$: OCY/ 3(Yi;$,l

meq:

~QO&EO~V:

6&0=$
3a$3=c3d:

G ; ~ ~ : ~ ~ Z : O Z = $ ~E
I ~Mc~c~A

~ + q w & q & q 0 3 , vq
~~
~c
s& ~ G m
qmp@w: aS:nilS:E
C0

G ~ ~ : ~ G o : ~ w ~ X $ I I

qmp~~:(U3:
8

$ C V 6 ~ l l ~ h P ? 3: ~ ~ $~~~9 ;3

n
~qh13qmvv:cq 3aOa:g6&(+ =ul~eOa.~=E:
+;O&m~~~v:n&z g~-,d;,@$p~:
@ : ~ & ~ Z : ~ J ~ ~ ~ :
u$,s -EkEpq$$a$~~ W?CU$: cm$Gm 35 ?$Y JJ 9

r
9mwqsey,:

.
.

r .

qc:Oc

Pgm~@4MGrril)"jq&903vE$
cTz:3co:~:Q$~a3$1'
wB p ~ c u ~ c r r i r J ~ q 6 9 m v E $ ~ aa:&z~n;p
yzGm qmq9
OC
C
q ~ 3 3 $ v : P , & ~ ~ Ch(mrv:
v ~ : q cTT:qc~"o~ h ~ ? ~ $ q :

..
...

qmvq+m$v:

/ i

@$caE:9mv

,$F$51:l

8;~~:q~pT+a$v:+m$:
mar;

.1mp6dsad

ccpE:omycgcn
r o c c o 9(3+3078&
m c ~ q m i m $ c 3 T3j:canE:
~
nOSmq;:&,~$ @+jIl
,

~ q : ~ 4 % : . ~ c ~ ~ + ~qmpqCa$v:
$ ~ $ ~ 8 : (~\ d~~uO d &
m";

09+(1P:&$

.C

sm&&jm36 (kqemm;:)
T E ~ ~ S ~ $ I I

ojE:$:=

Od~s~&pzEcu$ll
c
4d&$qE:y
a$

+;

. .

'-

&$+y

(6mE6mEt:)

Gw&&,609@,:,$

. .

or r
q&@qam kvS:h[6~~oTy
J3 v?c$q:
~u:ca)3z$~a$11
@$q&
qmvcq:9G n i ~ G & $ =3. sp$zp.$:

9gmS6,m~&'s'?5??

EJ~-+~-

. .

c@:~d~&~:~$:~,,,o:

mc:,cc0:6;:

E$,;

+6mdh\m~@$f~ & T c r r i r 4 q A 9 m p a $ ~ a: : q ~ : ~ a
-:a$"
ckf a;aa: ()633cq:$q:&c

c~"qQd
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . i r ~ q m q 3 ~ T ~ : o cniy$&
& c v C Y 6 ~ ~
a c ~ a $ ~ : + mdo&qcnvv:i
$
&Jh?{$:n$dY
cp&
+-,
m " S 0 6 v v v : l 9 4 8 6 : p S q p6cge:v:+
aE:q::Emrm:m2?11

9 m v a $ : ~ ~ a c a n G 3 3 q E E " ~ zcq:gL&mtd&$ chpE:qQ--&

3 9 $ c w 4 l am$crlp6i s m : c v $
3aQ&+
crlP&6:m{E:
q4 ~ Q + Gae:q~:~a-:a$ll
cv~C11~9mp
"+(VJ:'

yOjm+p:

$""vvEh:

@33$1l

cq:@asd@

ecp~:qi)g
cv~'.II~3+w~;:

JSC $ fia$~l~ a 6 g Q f q~a6aqm;

~:~
C~TCV
33?~??0
~
&&$I1
cniy4;6:3+6dZ:
3?J $@?33$11
m~k~m
~ qc :~ ) ~
?"??eOO =&y&m:33$11 y~6m+sole: .?o
J?3SOOO S ; ) & ~ ~ C~ : S ) ~ I I

$4 3

a c ~ : ~ 4 ~ ~ T ~

qcacq:${:@ wG,$:
G V O S ~ ~ ~ ~ E
c
~ 20p30 f:&b$
~
11, cOiP$88:9
~
~
-

176
.

177

r n + ~ d
~

,.,

.:;a,

a$$:,

3aw{mgc3Tm

E8m211crrnS88:~S~co15:

?o?oo

1373 ~ 6 m
c 3 T m S??JSJ 8: k6=$1i o)nSoOsqmp~i[:~ SS?S
B ~ O a O S ~ c a { m ~ c 3 T 'j
mjgqS?G c 3 T m s ~ & ~ O ; ~ ~ : U $ I I

EaqE

~{.Tco7pmcllrnqmy

ynGrn+.m

C O C

cT~:o&cq:cq6c$:~ unSaSgF

O C

COC

cqprnoe:zopc:T:cp:3:I eqxnrno:l srnj-inSclloS3ac@p~

e m ~ o ~ q m p ~ 2 : r ; iaq::
C O C OC

P~ccoIE:

@a)3:mZll

EdPc

jC
PEty

0 C

qmPT$=$yp:

z . ~ s q 2 c y E$scvnS@:

g q ~ m
mvncq:omc:

O C

amqc:q

C?

32~:~tBtM~nU-JCY3~C73q03936U3:~
0

cn

;,,g,,q
,

~~:~oScor,m$

C O C

or

cmc~c:ouSqq~r:cu"L"oV70s33
OC

q3a;u&cw3crS

C OC.

0oScXpcWq c c s m m

c ococ

6$L)?oaE:0aoS

:g

@Scoqo$l~ u)?q

E;co+~ij8

mpqS

mEq~:olq4

.ss&p,&,&

Eg03$6tp3n

+qqa$l~

- c

&40?08?+~$

E $ ~ G ~ ; : ~ ~ S Gk8wq?~$
@~JE

cqqs$ll
000 0

00 0 O C

E{"p$:32E6
178

h)~qop+~p

uaq, B ~ k 3 a o a 3
6 3m0~60:~
ja$i~
l:+&v:Oi
s ,
O

sE:oli~ +E:qE:m:~ybc.$:~E~:m\

O C

E$Mqmpw~4 q33,$3a4$CaCc

oa&ry&mSmS

gc':o$:@mf E o l

odoa+EEE:h$ @ { q q m ~ c q : q d +

+oSql~:cVm:q&qo1=$~~
-

+$cud

mid-year

VP&$

gem empo-

: ~ 2~u e ~
: " ;~g ~ yc & ~~ $ : :w : ~~

fj{qznipnSPS:~

cf&d:

d j x c c m r nC

@w:cCI:

p q c cq:qnSqcqe+$
L

3af:mh xojcxr, soir&cli&qmpitr:

F

&;+cq:.an5qE

W??~JP

3agd:q~+~:o?zc1sz~~

6
~

c y b c ~ : c y o T c q c q ~$Eeco+

3aq:x@

~ & ~ 8 8 &81 f ~ ~ o o r 9c:o$:d~E(1:c01E:y6ca33Ey~

n 6 ~
cmEkE
C C
C
~EoI+I,
~6:qT:-:qo~t:q~v:
0106 X:~~lE::#E{
rngqrnp
C O

~ r 5 : q E : ~ m : ~ o c + : ~ c q pc3a3SEZp
:

cqx+m

$ & c & ~ $ : ~ m +g:q$c4~b$

mP~arn&p: wyoSyScmEqnS~m$~~~~FoyJoSg&903v20c3yp:~
9$:aoc3v:

&apwz mg$:mc+cc(+
cbr c

m g $ : m crFo cC 9 a $ ~ b u $ ~ ~

Vocabulary

B@,E~z~~+EooSoa$E@cTo$

~ ~ r n c m T : ~cgl:g$oP$:g~@
: +

m$m$oIol

cqmcqmm$co

dQ?m

~ 3ti ~

&$q3acu2:

num
ppm from
part emphatic
word
n Myanma
gem
n upgrading
P P to
~
n (name)
n October
a n~ 16
~ m
n

TheNew
Light of
Myanmar
Daily

adj

+bco?8:
~ ~ ~
oc'

years
1 n 8 thousands
: ~

part emphatic
word

~ 0 3 ~ 0 3

hid0

gee
66
3
3
s

EiqG

past

natural resources
berich

pat? adjective
forming
particle
n countrv
v is
ppm sentence
final marker
n Myanmar
territory
d

precious

jade,jade
stone
n ruby
n world
v well-known
par? very, extremel y
n gemstone
adv bountifully
ad' plentiful
adj rich
n quality
conj also
adj good
n top quality
v be listed
n world market
adv proudiy
n existe~lce
ppm for
n Central
Committee
v displa:~
v sell
part word denoting tht rendering
some
service
conj while
v be; been
v open, hold
n

(,,'

exhibit
n 1995
n March
ppm till
n 32nd
n foreign
n gem merchant
v be very delighted
v like
conj as
adi annual
conj besides
adj interim
n success
v

#.

PI

n
n
ro

14
day
22
29

distinc~ion;
difference
adj private
n

-4

T
.y
~p+8*4:

30

an

from

=%$a6

co:amE

duty
Pay

part word indicating find-

t3$

61

q,d

v
n
v
conj

h11v1
- -J

permission
allow
but; however

ILY

69'9~13.5~d
sOC3
n Myanmar
-- GemAct
before promulgating
conj while; when
v

J3
I?-$

'PBZ~~F:
-- c

Cw?l

n 25 9%
adj domestic
v become
widespread
part to become
part noun forming particle
n 15 9%
v reduce

9tfd
=wqm+~m

+:me:
m&Oy&

hQ$

q:qd8:93:cCI:

$bT!
cy&cy&~6~6

company

n
n

US$

n
n

thirty thousand
bank deposi~

v
n

must have
market-ori-

ented
economy
ppm in keeping
with
adv freely

C ~ : O ~ C V ~ & C ~ :

?EcV

NS:~{

chance to

trade
open the way,

facilitate
hall

ground floor

ppm at

m&cuad

ao&p:

n
n
n

Myanma
Gems Enterprise

Y~
jSG
02

finished jade
article
iewelrv
~-,
Myanmar
VES joint
venture company2
produce
figurine
sculpture,
carving
exhibit; dis-

Pa*

3ac&&cY:

33?J??O
37J

n
n

'. p

be true:.& i?fact .
n. on
according to
v requirqneed
n time, occasion
part as much as

I /!i/ni1 1

-I

+sss:=qa:
=&&+qd
z~coTco5

play
building
outside
auction
imperial jade
utility jade
commercial
jade
different
sizes
raw jade
fl
adv in piles
n top floor

?"??FOO

~&yoS
wlZ:

n
v

government
ppm -froms
n

arrangement
v lay down
v carry out
part word to indicate continuation
n law
n regulation
v draw
n

adv
v

ppm
adv

v
v

part

native entrepreneur
successfully
operate business6
from7
utmost
a1d;help
assist; help
word to indl-

'

adv especially
n mineral
v sneak out8

~3x2
s+:q

Ot??
go
n outside the
country
+j4&mhmi
v undesirable
adv through
m&:m6
part only
4
n distribution
system
be a must
k2:
qFq&8&
Pa* if
46~~6803
conj in spite of;
though
conj because of
n name
v fade out
v disappear
n ones'
n benefit
n nation
n advantage;
benefit
has; gain
v

,hi

66

conj to
v exploit; apP~Y

Notes
1.

The verb o S by itself is sufficient to describe the act of buying.

However, the verb cy meaning 'take', is usually com hined to the former
in formal statements as a euphonic accessory.

2.

VES is an acronym made up from the initials of three businessmen

who had formed a Myanmar-Thai joint venture company in January
1993, with the aim of jewelry made from Myanmar gems crafted in
Thai style on the world market.

thing; property
n as
adv fiWngly; deservedly
v record
part just, only

3.

4.

An elided form of the noun

pas by
.

accomplish
patriotism

nationalistic
spirit.
ppm with
v participate
v join
conj only if
v succeed
v upgrade
let's
pad that
v urge
v write; state
part emphatic
particle

The word a
!
: or m@: is elided to $: when used as a suffix to astated
amount of money. There is no elision when the word precedes the stated
amount.

ap8 is used here as a numerical classifier.

If one wishes so, the numerical classifier for things in general p could
have been used instead.

5.

The nominative case markerm should have been used here instead of
the locative y .

6.

The verb y8cqf meaning 'conduct, operate' would be quite sufficcnt

here. The expression ' y b c ~ : y 6 ~ meaning
'
'conduct business' sezrns
to be a literal translation of this English expression.

7.

Please see note 4.

8.

The expression 'taIE:~$~~crE'

describes an act of slipping out with the
head bent low either to get under some obstacle or pass unnoticed.
Applied to gems it means that they are being smuggled out of this
country.

Selection Fifty-Two

oapcy9cmCm

: ,9

E~Q$+$~$:

~8cu1
k{m~a<:3n:~:~$j
1
44

03:03: CY3{:qX)Ch&@3$ll

qc:qc:em:

~ CCU:GCU:
: : u

00

~ ~ E O 3 6 m ~&CY36~03
6:
Z?Q:@m:m

00

cpp ~P&Q,$+

SQ$CU:+~

mSp q6m$~yEuJ11
c or
S~~~E~,~,:,~,:

uaEE6,++

o
C
E
..

$%E:$EuE&f$j:

,,,

3Sacmep+ye

or

"

~bc
mf ~

nl:oacrripE:e+p<

oaoS

r
,Oem~s,
o

aj%&qE$m~:

c o

11

~ 883ao$+$oZ
~ ~ O I I

{S$II 3aql.

~~

mEm:E: G~'-QG+:S$II

r c - r

{ZtqSo@il

, r, a

0 p c y ~ c m i2if?9zfpCSU8m$:
~ 9
3amE3acm:qp:

I$&E~&Y$:

A-

66 O

OaOjm6p cgq&86

$:em&

3aalpoS aEy4:3a~$dcu$:cmE:

m$:

3a8p&c0;m:da$~~

c99

- - & { ~ 3 a c & 3 3 8 b)b@Ec&(aE(){:)q

: ~ ~

&fi~033q

qllCq J

~ 4 ~ 3 a G 3 3 8 : ~ ~

S G ~ E A

G{:mcm:yp: ccrpE:cq{
c

u ~:m:cu:
: ~ +c O i P ~ : m 3 : ~ ~ ~ ~ q

fiEu$11

3a335~~upp

q~:bncy8c-cm

Ega$qqEm$:

+ps$q . $ : ~ c v c m ~ c p O ; P

a&;.jjcVJ:l g a f I
pCcqc:v

m.$:q6m:2ECU3:
c

c oc

O C

8 . $ : m c m : a ~ l 09:mcm:cwcuJ:gC

3am&agf:m@:3a+&
oc- oc

SG&U~:CVJ

q.$:bncal:cmEcpnSw:

:&tsd$.o$:~

m c m : ~ : ~ $ j
co:om:a3$11

3 ~ 6 ~ ~ 0 6 3 3 3
) $
33&~~:0W

B4Q9F

3acv@Cyolm$~~ E/m%Et~m$:3857
3 ~ 7 58gQm
C or.
gccc*.o$:i,
ncE620c3cy " o a ~ b $:adx~mm~
~

Es$:m.ug

E6coqa$11 $SU~m3a3~3am6:yp:
~coh[a$"

3a$3astl

q~OScoomvlFOa.$P(VJ:~PJ"6:BbVJ:~lT6~E:~
9omg:q x c m a q G

roc

3aqFcuQ:mG$:&i 0{e~mF4caC33$ ~ r n o m c p : m c ~ : m : c m

q zoo6

60:CX33:35~11

~ + e ? ~ c ~ a j : m 0 : ~ o c 3 m c uS$- : ~
3ap$~cy9fi&

og$:a$:p<06cqi:$j

{ ~ ~ ~ : C Vmyl[:=a:
J : ~ ~

oc oc

3aq

ycqcqV:n&3

034:

or. '

~ a { ~ - e m ~ c c ~3aqF338:cU3:33$
~~:cp
02$:a.4

-:s3$1

3aqp336:3aT633~:,:,r

T&g:

a3&3aa

00

rngm3a6cpalttY3
a
m

ccom6:mxd W m $ $ 8j ~
~ ~ 3 : 3 ~ ~ $ 1 1 ~ . + ~ 1 3 3 a aEy$:+
~~338:i~3:~

8:~:334y&arn:33+24f:bm:g<{m$~~
0
0
CQ
3a~co~:mo~:m
af8.$:Ebqm
:
8 $ 0 6 ~ : + q E 003q340
59s$m8:nqoS can&+~q\crn9.$ 6 m : $ ~ ~ 3 : co:on:m$

op$:coT

6q.Cp3$ll

3aqmq6co:an:u$11
c

roc

00

co

~ . $ m ~ ~ m 8 : a
~ a: Ec6 oc G
~ 4 c y j & ~ & c~ p q ~ y c ~ ~ ~ z i ~

~ 6 ~ & ~ q 8 ~ 3a$FmQ:yx3aoa&m$:
c s 3 - ~
3aqi:qqcsn
3 3 : o E m :

na&oq$pE

- .

..

3amaqdco:$

J C ~ S896

yammo

E s c~ p :oacc ~o cE ~ ~

~a~:c66:&:~++

, , ,o,m:e

C
c6s:b:cu~oo:q+.d
opz:ycqcttl
O C oc
0
3 n : 3 b l : ~ t : 3 3 b l : ~ ~ < 6 p 6 y ~ fc-8gq6ctp:T
T
yarn
&s~$:qAv:~&$E:
3i):EGs[$ m a b q & p :
6o:m:
0

...
..

..

188

oa~:+onl

r o c

3aqP

mmmm1 c&E
,:

\oe

0 0 0
Q
Q ~ .0~ F : c J ~3asC3c6[:4
~
8m:sC~033$11

036334~136~$:3&368G K J ~ G ~ ~ G @ ~ : C U + C G ~ C3ac366[:60:m:
:
0
Q
"$11
$:hi3w~soil:yjaq
~ $ ~ n ~ ~ z o u : ~ ; spo: 8" 4
$ 303&Jad;

cuE:~3uqp:~
sq4E@1n

d$5:Tz:3a

$Q/J~~Q~:*("$)

-~ f , g $ : T o ~ s q : 8 m s o : m : c ~
m : 6 [ m : ~ a ~ ~ : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 8 : 0 3q ~
q ~
: ~: s& ~5 3o~c" n; )
9 3 0 BFE~q6~q3j
kO;3e~fic0~~
'
$fiV:m$m:g: wE:3ag&asqbyi:$ 3):m0SE$
g ~ e ~ ~ a ~ ; s ~ : , ~ $ ~ , c l ~ ~ ~6$s.q.s.~Jz9~smcrS
~g.d
* ( q o l U ~ ~ ,cu~:3ag;3a6q:v:4
)
33~g3a0+~~:~<
6 20636s9;:qc6d G o : G&m?:cyda66
ssc3
88,@&{:~1n
= Q + C C ~;,Gm&qal
. E ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ { F W : I P{FUZ:
$ @ : y ~ ~ 9 0 c CC&E~~~~:U-$I,
:
> 3 m b y C o o~ l o E s w E Q 6 $ E o l m : ~ m3aBop9yq+F pGqmoT
c

c o

c or.
3 3 ~ ~ 3 2 + 6 ~ +: C+ C~ C & ~ ~ : W : U ~

00

~ , s 0+0 Q
o,:-

331

Ooc..

o r - c

c o

s ~ 6 [ 3 b E03)0a&6m&qp$q.$
:
&3CSm

3e:3qpqlp6E~
o r . .
3 { p ~ 8 : ~ : 90 1+ccc&m
opqp:

cm&pmcm:E:

CHP$-EFB~p+F
cySc$:qp:

c o c

c
c
camcgc~,

3am~cs:06:sw~:~m&opyp:

G W S ~ ~ S ~ ;qjcq~:E6:1

0 7. :. C~ ,~m
O: ~, [SUO O~ : ~: I 6;Mac)3Fs8:
: ~
:

fi

BFCVa~~:@
~ :: p : ~ c , : r c .~+ r~ +
L,

m ~ o l c u o y p : $.a$:so:y$

c
C
6 ~ ~ ~ ~ 6 0 : ~ ~ ) 3 : 3 3 ~ 1 1

II

Vocabulary

Q ~ . F ~ ~ u%q[:mbi:p~c1p:
: c ~ ~ c ~~ ~u ~~~
O

07304

c
60:6+33~11
O

! 33z
a m ~ & ~ f 6 0 n 8 0 3 & q $ U ; Z 6 3 5 3 ~3aq@Q:TE:mr
~~33$
4
~ a u m c ~ : o o : s ~ ~ Z : ~ ; ~ ~ blcnoSoI
:
m:

--

6 Z DC Z ~ J ~ :
~ G

- .:
,

>

74
afj+=cy

v
n

Myanmar
woman
get; obtain
right

21.68 million
~drn&:
rt
life span; lifc
expectancy
G$ 3- 7 +b n 64.7 years
n Myanmar '
professor
~~-t$3;13:
(name)
Go 33343 3 +& n 60.5 years
n population
(name)
(.a>3:cy
n 50%
September
30
v be over, more
.9
6026
than
(name)
1993-94
rn&E&a qLL n part of the
world
equal rights
03$:0231f3@326Cf n
census
v enjoy
projcctioii
A":~?
get; obtain
according to 9
43.12 million ~ . & ~ : ~ ~ 6 cnl : development
conj also
out of
c
o
g
j3

33362 GO 334:

wJ:

20~3EF{:91&

c0nstitutlOnS
enjoy; get

tt

f+oqoj:md:

95
e:Tcu$q:S!

co:
I

II

' ~ ~ ~ 3 2
r
r
C U ~ : ~ C Y X :

ce&ma&aod

World Conference on
Women
v declaim from
the podium
part word used to
make a distinction between the preceding object
and the following statement
n customs and
traditions of
Myanmx
people
ppm accordirig to
n iradi Gciiai
culture
v give
n hsritagz
~ s
adv as well
throughout
the times

EF+Oil$c+:$cm

eT?at\vk,j::11

have been
enacted and
obsenred

legal
enactment

+
,

8 ~qd0{-8
$ ~4~338:

"'Y

some aspects
special privilege
granted

in

to be born a
Myanmar
woman

CQC~~]$:~C+~-

adj
v

fortunate

taKe pnde
would like to
say
1947

I:

' 974

every citizen
before the
;AT,T;

;I

.L,

..

. , ,

discilr-nination
be equal.
:-,
,.,,

..,ciLi.,,,

?-,i

..

-!a

$2

. q 1 ~ ~ 1 : p d m

<%

=%

v
conj
n
adv
adv
v

Ev$Id

fc%e

pregnant
=4!
woman
3261$co:33$
mother
~
~
Y
adult females ueEao$
young
women
infant
working
woman2
imprisoned
safeguard;
protect
from the social standpoint
look at
if
restriction
respectfully
equally
treat

adv
~
v

freely
~
choose
right

conj as

in naming
n
father's name
& 6 - Z q ~ : ~ e ? c o n j after marriage
a2

(expre~sion)~
n saying
adv clearly
n implication
v show
n spouse

J:stl$

'

n
v

husband's
name
take; change
over
word suffixed to
a verb to denote habitual
occurrence
with her own
name
exist
family
one
numerical
classifier
family
matters
all and sundry; everything
father
discuss

r
j

+:Ed
34.

v
adj

33492~
g(g:EmP8:
&
c

mew:
.

ceT

oecypccm$
q p c :rc - q

iI

1
I

3m~.aon:
$n:w:
cq3S:on:

ecq

T&q8$

decide
some

housewife
has a greater

voice
II
HomeMi:llster
v draw an
analogy
v name; call
n educational
stand-point
v be enrolled in
school, go to
schoo!
n restrictions
v give preference
v enroll in
school
tt
cuslorn; iradition
n right to go to

008

higher ~ d u cation
Z J $ ~ + ' M ~ C ~ S ~n~ : some s.:rb-.
jects
n population
i?:=l
v

-$1&

n
v

P:

bemany
key
be wrong

constitution
o f a nation
lifeblood

qqc?
S m : T q ~ : w c ~n

family's
n

&TdfP
+c&

care
family fi-

d&cm2~:8:

head of he

part as; like

v be important
v enact; promulgate
n race
Cq:qd33$mmn religion
n culture

m8:-8cu:
,a{mm$:

status

&$032cu:
3m:~Og:md

birth
irrespective
of
adv equally
ppm must
n

guarantee

V'F

~ s r n d r n v~ ~help
~

-=&v(-J%~nix

194

health care
:he aged

g4.0S

9:

as designated
abandon

conj if
v abandon unfairly
n allowance
PI
foreigner
v marry

~036p:$$.o&

-&+e

qq:b:
db-2fiL
++fl

363F ~ $ 4

grievance
1954

?2==2

3q:&6:@:ffp$
, c ~ ~ d 6 y 2 0 ~n

Special Marl~iagearllJ

Inheritance
Act for ~ u d -

~2:~onrnq

dhist Women
by this act

Myanmar
Customary
Law
matters
concernin

ot2!:?dq2~ n

ownership o f

Property

*qpdn

+.@tcT

3?gCIS

d:bdiP)&
on:a$~p$8:

V:

every country

opmo3db)$

SC~OC~

s w F $ ~ ~

adv relating to
n co-owners
n
being
n will
v depend on
part just; only

property

o9$:ico9

division of
Property

tm

child custc.;dy

xn:a6;&$:&6t
p)rnam~~u& n

&g+qi:+jQLp:
a+:

L-

;A

Buddhis~
Code of Ln\u
. .
-- .-07,j!:jii
)j;h
i~jJ

ppm accorciing LO

~$:Q+.~c&

q.:$.jq

195

(saying)

+.$

s3~&sqE:=&:
sqch
+SsmoS&@:

+doiq&q[;jZ:

in accordance
with age4
+do&&
harassment
t$:su~:yy:B n

c?4kl&cm-J

TIIL:o~$wWn

transgressions against
modesty
incidents of
rape
guardian
against s b's
will

abduction
foreign
foreign
country
kidnapping,
etc.
right to pregnancy
~mmhp:
n nature
conj therefore
c
mq5:0c
a@ legal
consent
883RI.ls
n
oqA
without receiving
pregnant
woman
agreement

ay6am:

d:&&&:qch

p
ri

~ 4 ~ 3 3 8 : u n En
various
means
~

n
.%
....<.hT.

[ernale

worker
special enactmeni
dignity
life in danger
injury
maternity
leave

;;

YSO

Q$.S

4
-: 0

i'
. A.
.

:..::#;.

. . . . .

pmrr

tz

soi6@6:
,Xg&

affect
separate
PZ
water closet
cunj moreover
PI
death sentence
pass judgemen t
be pregnant
high court
postpone
be proper
believe
if

&,4.

v
a&

66\d6

$: 4.GE
.

!
:

..!<
,.
.<?

eradication
of prostituti(j~

act
proszilu!ic>!l
.

trpnoth

.-x,

;$

exempt
ward for
women
person on
duty
except
who; what

..

. ,

I~?v~;c,jc!l:ciji
b

....
.. .,:..
c
C
..... ;.,..;
. y c & 03QQ?:3CP3
' '

coercion .
senlj~gp:'i?o!l

.,a

'

:R~
5;.%
.,<..-

7.

. ,,
.-

?I

transportation
for life; life
imprisonment
prerogative
by custom

ajoE
3aog&=o8dm:
q(:vwcl:~oaoS
8 6 6 1 ~ ~
@&

--'

n hair

regard as sacred
n for health
reason
tz consent
v cut-ofl'
-permission
(name)

Parlismentary Election
Law
right to vote
right to stand
for election
prescribe
for various
reasons
destitute
protect
required
SLak

vocational
training

education
for social developmen t
job training
underdeveloped area
aim
training
course
open
business
pursue
lend money
cgopera:.rvi=
$,Q$:
V
organize
~ 4 @ : ~ d .adj
3 the aged
meritorious
fl
deed
accept
social prob-.
lem
regard

T.S~

39.6~93;
-:mQ:ofi~-$

conj however
not having
any chiid undtj- o~w'j_
re-.
...
sponq:,::
. <; .; ::: -.
n social c;r-

BS:,S:

~053mB:

gEtc~$:rn$cj~"E

be peacefu!
become
pleasant
political
objectives
4

Myanmar
tradition and
custom
make good
use
ones' capabili ty
moS
ones' own
family
region one
lives in

q5

part kind
8 : g ~ c ~ $ : m $ ~ n j economic
tqflcCL:~:m$~"En

Y Y ~

Y
PI

n
S:G-:

i:

t;

objectives
social
objectives
designare
leader
personally
Izsci

~ad; &

non-govcrr:~
j
mental

~$,3arp$:

irr

T:co?E:

r1

organization
cooperate
. ..
:<!! r;)lj,jic:* cjc.

:.z&&~.,g:s~:
c?-2r:5

ones' beloved motherland

one solitary
brick
one grain of
sand

LO

vel~prile:?l

a~eC

ri

c <a,:
,.
ff;?3:334. t;.,y<::>

t,

',

g$

god
inten!ic!n

,ZL~;-~ -

2
,'

.,.i<

(qm&s&$

3i 2

p-,
~.I.~ ~
'11"~:

.,

,-..?

.:.:>,,,..:>.
.A'...

LA.

..

1,.

:.I
,.:.;$q,;

qftc9:za$.3ao$:

!;L

,.,.:.. :

,.

L . ~ : ~r ,.<
,:.
, L l ' ,

. :i+-7~
.,.-,
.-.-.
.,-:
.
.<.,.

I t 2.

t;:c,cr '7'
.

adv now; at
present

can also mean 'nations!' in which case it is applicable to b o ~ h

sexes ( as in 3a$I:~:6qq:m$I

3a$I:~:~q.)

S i n c e a C Y 6 xmeans
~
afemale worker, the qualifier. a#.rn3:
is quite
.
redundant here. However, it could haw been a x i s p n n t and i t mighr

.~>-

L.

~ i s ~ e t t- l~l ~

:i:z~
.~~.
..I.

-.+,.

3.

"P

PQ'$-:

time

1-

Notes

,.-. ,

.<

take part in
sentence final
denoting surprise, wonder
knowledge;
awareness
part word suffixed
to a verb to
denote some
trait or tendency
spirit
build up: nurture
duty; responsibility
womenfolk

have been 3ay'$rn5:ay6mh*3:

in the original texr.
The expression d m & a & : o S r n & g nmeans
S
Char the husband shoulders his share of he burden while the wife carries her share on her head.
This is the usual way of carrying things in the East and the expression
. .

199._.
. ..

:.

..'

i - .

is allusive of acouple who works in close partnership, wilh the h u s b ~

and wife sharing household responsibilities.
The p h r a s e - 9 G : : f933050?8:0&0qd 0 ? 4 ~ m d
probably refers to offenses against women such as rape and statute
rape which are determined by the age of the victim.
Somewords which might have been in the original text but which seem
to have been inadvertantly left out in the printed version are shown
parenthesis.

Part %I

English Trmdations of the

Myanmar Selections

Selection One
;*

<?

&

UNESCO OFFICIAL ARRIVES TO DISCUSS PROJECTS

Yangon, June 26 (MNA)

'
7
,

.64

%'

Assistant Director General M.Danie1 Janicot arrived by air from

UNESCO Headquarters in France in the afternoon today to discuss and
coordinate projects on which UNESCO is cooperating with Myanmar.
He was met at the Yangon airport by officials from the Ministry of Edu-

I 1

..
g$
,-*

Y,E

Selection atwo
FREIGHTER HIJACKED IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA
Singapore, June 26 (MNA, Reuters)
The owner of the 1055 ton Panamian registered freighter disclosed on
Sunday that his ship, the Hemiko was hijacked four days ago in the
South China Sea while on her way to Cambodia with freight shipped
fiom S~ngapore.
He further disclosed that neither the fate of the crew nor her present
whereabouts are known

Selection Three
BREAST-:;"""."
,
.r,:&~rnNGIivicijrTHERS A.WARDED
Y amethin, October 5
A prize-giving ceremony for mothers who had systematically carried out
reast-feeding was held in the Yamethin Maternal and Child Welfare
ociation on the 30th of September at 2pm. A lecture followedthe

201..
..
,

. .
, .
.

. -.
~

Selection Six

presentation of awards. The ceremony was attended by District surgeon

Dr Saw Raymond 00, Dr Daw Maw Maw Tin from the ~~d~
Department, Dr Daw Hla Hla Kyi ,Chairman of the Township Maternal and
Child Welfare Association, members of the township USDA, nurses from
the Maternal and Child Welfare Association, and a total of 60 comprising
expecting mothers and mothers with infant children

;
'

EARTHQUAKE IN NORTH SUMATRA

Djakarta, September 5 (MNNAP)

Antara news agency reported that on Monday an earthquake measuring 4.8

on the Richter scale hit the town of Tarutan, North Sumatra, lying 755 miles
7. north west of the capital Djakarta,causing panic among the townspeople.

Selection Four

:r

AIDING THE NEW GENERATION ATTAIN COMPUTER

The local Meteorology and Geophysics station disclosed that although there
had been no loss of life or property damage, panicked residents ran out of their
homes in fear.

LITEWCY
..

. .."

Yangon, July 2
Lieutenant General Tin 00, Secretary (2) of the S~are.I,aw aand Order
Restoration Council, witnessed ins&llation of computers ir: B ; ~ i cE + .
cation Schools in the Lanrn~dawTownship, Ya:gor, a16 comes heir.;
given on computer farnilimzation and studen& praciislng oil compurers. Later, he inspected renovation wolk on the Y a ~ g o nLTr!!-yrerSjtycur,vocation Hall being done afid Ieft necessary instructio~~s.

..
.:.,,
, .,
.. r;
.*

:,s

;; Selection Seven

GIVING UP THE TOBACCO HABIT

$ Phnom Penh, June 2 (MNA, Reuters)

5
"!: On World's Non-smoking Day, health experts from Cambodia have urged

., that the government ban cigarette advertisements and appealed to those

23

addicted to tobacco to give up their habit.

2-

Selection Five
HEAVY RAINS T a G G E R

.,..

:.,t d ! ) ~ ~ ~ i j-, :1 : l ~

$--)-

Speaking on Wednesday, Health Secretary Dr. Narong Ritth revealed that

of Cambodia's population of 9 million, 50 per cent either smoke or chew
tobacco.

:.,;;<G
. .>,..
.*
..--..
,.

Bacolor (Phillipines), October !(MN;i/Reuters)

- -.
PhilLipine relief oitlcids shtg ;j i:- i: .:-.,:, :;sznds l-i~.;,:
:I, :

.,. .

,.., , ..

..

.: -> :.. ::
\.

volcano caused by heavy rainfall,

Such mudflows have prompted Police Chief Ventura to request inhabita

of the village of Bacolor to leave for safe areas.

':

Selection Ten

Selection Eight

SUPERMAN STAR NOT RECOVERED YET

.,.:
;g

THE COUNTRY'S FUTURE (PART 16)

(Nawrahta)

-2

. .94
.
. .:f,

Charl~ttesville~Virginia,
June 28 (MNAJReuters)

'>.

:'; Film-actor Christopher Reeve (42), who gained fzme with the three SuperYangon, July 6
1
man films, fell from his horse on March 27 and fractured his cervical
The development of the hill regions proceeded at a slo\:.-2: pace con,; ...e vertebrae. A spokesman from the hospital revealed that after being treated at
pared to that of the Silurian regions due to the divide ar,d rule policy
.$>.
:5:
the University of Virginia Medical Center, he is now recuperating at a
practised during the colonial period. Many regions wert still in the
.,d convalescent home where he is expected to undergo long term treatment.
-2
clutches of moribund feudal systems even ten years after gaining in&,::,$,
pendence. Then the flames of internal imurrection which sngulfed many .::i
: The official commented that although
fractures have healed, physihill regions virtually slowed development to a halt.Whawer the eco-;:,.
otherapy exercises would be necessary for him to regain his strength.
....
nomic and social status might have been, these were now <ragged down
-.?
to zero.
.

.~,.?

*.

s
.
,
:

5!z

. -.

It has also been quite a while that the hills had been shrocjed in a haze
of opium fumes.

Selection Eleven
FOREIGN AFFAIRS DEPUTY MINISTER MEETS UN ENVOY

Selection Nine
WATER TO BE SUPPLED ON ROTATIONAL BASIS IN EAST
YANGON
Yangon, October 19
Due to an elect-rical fault occuring suddenly at about 6:30 LT on 19
%,water pumps had tobe temporxriiyshutdown at theMIawgs rzservoir fr
-.
which the rxlgon Citjl Deve!opment Committee is supplying wate
eastern parts of the Ymgon City.
Urgent
steps are being ~ ~ lo ::epGr
1
: the electrical malfirncti,?:.. hk'lea~~vililc,
zrrangemen~aie being made io distribute wateI on a ru;~::,-nal b a ~ to
s
prevent total stoppage of supply.
Authorities concerned have requested that water be used frugally as w
pressure will be below normal.

Yangon, October 9 (MNA)

Professor Yozokota, envoy of the UN Commission on Human Rights,
accompanied by Mr.Karim Gazori, member, paid acoilrtesy call on Deputy
Minister U Nyunt Swe , Ministry of Foreign AffArs at 3 pm in the Ministry
of Foreign Affairs Annex. U Khin Maung Win, Director General, Departrnent of Internationzl Organizations and E c o n o ~ y ,Ministry of Foreign
Affairs was also present at the meeting.
Professor Yozokota met with officials from the Ministry of Foreign ~ . f f a i r s
at I I am today to discuss his itinerwy.

Selection Fourteen

Selection R e l v e

GREENING OF MAGWAY DIVISION PUT INTO EFFECT

rr

INTERNATIONAL FASHION SHOW

Yangon, June 24

Yangon, June3 (MNA)

The primary aim in holding this fashion show is to further friendship
and promote closer ties bemeen women from different countries so hat
a better undentanding of the pmicular customs of different culhlres may
be accomplished.
Altogether 15countries, including 'he R e ~ u b l i cof Bangladesh, the Republic of China,the Arab Republic of Egypt, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Republic of Indonesia, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the ]tiussian Federation, the Democratic Republic of Laos, Malaysia, the
Republic of Pakistan, the Repubhc of Phillipines, the Democratic socialist Republic of Sri Lanka and the Union of Myanmar, took part in
the international fashion show

In keeping with the afforestation plan for the Magway Division, a mass
movement to plant trees d o n g both sides of the ~a~way-Taungdviingyi
operated by the Union Solidarity
, road, starting from the
of June 21.
out on the
J
Development Association, was
Altogether 5000 people planted 5000 trees consisting of cassia, aurantia,
tree, peacoc~spride, raintree and teak among others along both
7g sides of the road. Magway township is accelerating its afforestation drive
and m additional 250,000 trees will be planted in the village circles and
the township itself.
'

a,
-

SeEection Fifteen

2
"
.-Y

Selection Thirteen
ABEI,

Yangon, October IO(MNA)

A 32 member'delegation led by Deputy Minister o f Commerce of' Thailu~d
Sub Lieutenanl Pairote Suwunc!lwee cd!ed on Biigadier G e n e r . ~Abc
NBi~listerfor National Planning and Economic Development at the officcs ot
the Foreign Investment Commission on 1 1:30 am today.

HOSHO VOLCANO BEECHES SMOKE AND ASH

An AP news item carried the report that the Hosho volcano located in the
south east of Japan showed signs of activity lastThursday after lying dormant
some 500 miles south west
The Hosho volcano, situated in the Oira
of Tokyo, started blowing smoke and raining ashes on surrounding regions

Frankdiscussio~son bilateral matters per-rS_rningti; I??,ecoEoiT~y,coc.~;crs!j~.jii

in trade and investment were held at the meeting.
Officials from the Ministry of National Planning and Economic Develo~
ment were also present at the meeting.
,

,;

, I,
,

.:.

206

Locals ha.ve nhned this 5084 foot high volcano "lo San" (Sulphur volcano).

Experis are studying the Hosho volcano's sudden activity and have issued a
notice forbidding people from entering the area around the volcano.

207

mobile phones as depicted by the government media, .about 70 'milliijfi

hungry and illclad Chinese are still mired in the depths of poverty.

Selection Sixteen
HIT-AND-RUN DRIVER DROPS LICENCE PLATE AT SCENE
OF ACCIDENT; CYCLIST KILLED ON THE SPOT
.

Yangon, June 4

:s
:.-*

-.;

: i::

on J ~ n 3
c on ctilverl
between h e 9th and 6th wards of South Okkalapa resulted in a cyclist

being killed on the spot.

.'?

A motor accident which took place at 8:3C

These courses are being conducted to deter undesirable dien culturd influences from making inroads and to preserve national culture by raising the national spirit and moral standards, enhancing national prestige,
preservation of cultural heritage and national characteristics, nunuring
dynamic patriotism etc constituting the social objectives of the state.

.;;;:;;f2&

.;
'

Yangon, August 15 (MNA)

The Fine
Department will be conducting tutorial classes on singin& dancing and instlllrnental music commencing from September 7 in
Yangon and Mandalay.

accident.

U p D GROWTH IN ECONOMY Wlf-firLE?tdf%xx?

'%RES T L L
POVERTY

DANCE AND h'lUSIC COURSES TO DETER INFLUENCE OF

DECADENT CULTURES

$i

Maung Thet Naung Moe, age 26, left his quarters located in the c
pound of No 4 Middle School, Ward 3 of South Okkalapa and
cycling off to have his meal in a food-stdl when he v~ashit from
hind by a car which had run out of control. He succ::mi?ed on rhe spot
to head injuries received.
Police are hot on the t r d of ~e driver who drove aT.a!zy 2liC!. e ~ ~ ; t ~h ti 't d
left the ficense plate of his vehicle (LflQhS) 'c.-hjnd at tlie scenc 9 1

Selection Seventeen

Selection Eighteen

;,>..

Veteran artists will be conducting classes in person.

Selection Nineteen

Beijing, October 2(MNk'P.euters'j

RAW OPIUM SEiZED

Yangon, June 14 (MNA)
-'s the government is intensifying operations to prevent and subdue the
threat of narcotic
a team composed of Military Intelligence,
Forces units in the area and Muse Antinarcotics Special Squad

",

Daw Shwe Kyann, daughter of U Min Shan of Shahpavillage, NamTaung

circle at 4 pm, June 5. Ton Let U, son of U Ton La Naung and Le Lala,
jon of U Le Lanaung of Mong Lon village who had come to buy opium
were found at her house.
The two visitors were seized with 1.55 kilogrammes of opium, twenty 100
Yuan Chinese currency notes arrd K30,000.
The Muse People's Police Force is taking action against the three under thc
Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law.

appearing for their Basic Education High School Examinations in 1996.

Senior lecturers from the university in the respective disciplines will be
: recounting their experiences in evaluation of scripts, and the matter of
-:
answering questions correctly and concisely. Articles will be edited by
respective professors. Exercises with set questions and answers, explanations and notes on points to be studied on each subject will be included in
the publication.

It has been learned that this will be the sole publication issued by the
@ 'i Yangon University as an aid to BEHS students, that there will b e definitely
e no outside publications issued in the name of the Yangon University, and
8 that advance orders from township GECs (Education) will be accepted.
...

--

Selection Twenty

x2t
.-1

BASIC EDUCATION SCHOOLS OPEN

Selection Twenty-Two

l'angon, June 1 (MNA)

i:, schools opened nationwide today,students in white shirls and

MYANMAR DELEGATION LEAVES FOR GENEVA

giccl~,

>lrongs attended classes where tcachers lectured on school discipline and

cave counsel after which studies were begun.
Tcachers and staff in schools helped students who had earned promo
;ions a d those seeking tran~i~e'ers
or enrollment.
.iirogether approximately 8 ri?S.lion students are enrolled in a nationwi
:..-~talof 858 high schools, 2,058 middle schools and 35,749 primnr
s:hools.

4s: Yangon, October l(MNA)

&

At the invitation of the International Telecoms Federation, a delegation led

by the Minister for Communications, Posts and Telegraphs,C Soe Thz, iefr
by air at 8: 15 am for Geneva, Switzerland, to attend the 'lelecoms-95
exposition of telecommunications equipment from all over the world to be
held there from 3rd to 11th October.
The delegation was seen off at the airpofi by Ministe: for ii~estock-breeding
and Fisheries, Brigadier General Maung Maung, U Than Shwe, Minister of

Selection Twenty-One:
GEC

ISSG-E, <;OLE?ENI R . ~ N ' ~ > ! : ~Bf20SSO;v?S

GD

-fangon, October 22

-i he government employees' cooperative,Yangon University GEC E d

the Prime Minister's Office, and departmental heads from

.
the
.
My anma
Posts and Telecommunications, the Pass ?J-J~Tzieccmm~:iii:ari~>ns
a(:f;afiment and the Meteorology and Hydroi~gy';'Jepartrtmznt.
It has been learned that eight members were in the delegation whicfi
accompanied Minister U Soe Tha.

don), Ministry of Education will be publishing and distributing the "Y

Eniversity Golden Ironwood Blossom "as an aid to students who

210

21 1
.

-3
F

I'i$.1

motor boats if a crocodile is sighted, it said.

Selection Wenty-Three
LET SHOPKEEPERS OF STALLS IN BAYINNAUNG

The

also mentioned that the chief ~f the fisheries derpmment had

that areward of Bhat 3 , 0 ( $ 1 2 0 ) will be given for the capture of

MARKET BE
Yangon, October 7
The Editor-in -chief, Sir,

The official also confinned that about 3% crocodiles had escaped from
farms all over the country after :nsoon floods inundated pens
holding the creatures, the paper continued.
-.

Selection Twenty-Five
BULLETIN 1/95
in lieu of the present stalls On the frontage.
successful concern, it will be to our great detriment if we are to move to 0th

Prevent extinction by Sparing spawning fish and

fry for normal consumption later
Gravid females and milt-laden males are h;i;:~g for spawning grounds in
numerous ri\'ers9 streams, lakes and ponds ~i torrential rainfall occurs in
this p a t of the Yea, ~ 0 ~ ~ e I l Cfrom
i n g the irzer part of May to June and
If these fish are caught7 millions of spauTn2nd fry might be lost and
Some species of fish might be exterminat&,

Selection Rventy-Four
@ R O @ O ~HUNTING
~E
m ~ bF fQ~~ ~ E'jSDTHAILAKT3 TO
]EASEPUBLIC PANIC
Bangkok, October 2 (MNMm)
The ~
~ Post reported
~
j,n
~ an a.ticie
k on Saturday
~
kthat the ~~~i Govcflito public consem about repoi-& that crocodiles VJmC ofi th
merit,
loose, had f a m e d crocodile catching teams.

water Fisheries Act.

Therefore: it is urged that fish be
2,;
2 moratoriuro on fishing
observed ~ U ~ ihc
Z Smonsoon spawning rc-i :
-,

Department of Fisheries

Students from universities, degree colleges, colleges and institutes under the Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Education, universities under the Ministries of Health, Defense, Culture, Forestry, -Agriculture, Livestock-breeding and Fisheries, the Cooperatives College under the Ministry of Cooperatives, technical and agricultural institutes under the Department of Technical Agricultural and Vocational Education,
Ministry of Education are eligible as contestents.

Selectbn Wenty-Six
INCREASE THE USE OF FIREWOOD SUBSTITUTES
(Ye Myint Pe)

Yangon, June 4 (Supplement)

"Gathexing firewood and drawing water" is a llme-honored phl-asc
representing a homely aspect of Myanmar folk customs and well
establisked in rural areas. In using firewood as fuel, dead wood, scrap
lumber, m d dry twigs were used in the beginning.
Such activity was not harmful for the forests. However, as firewood
gradually became scarce timber from nearby forests was used as fuel.
What was worse, even valuable timber was felled for firewood later
This was a gesture inviting the depletion of forests. Fo!!owing this could
be abnomal weather conditions. It has also become apparent that
drought
- and loss of naturally fertile topsoil could occur. In the cc!it:,il
region of the country, the punishing heat of the sun h a increased ;ii:h
the depletion of forests, and it has for quite a while been known as the
Dry Z ~ E .If h i s trend continues into the fuyire it may well tuzn intci a
veritable "desert."

U~I$TERSITYLEVEL QUIZ ON GENERAL KSOWLEDGE

ABOUT THE AR?$<j?B
FC.WCES TQ l<E s"-1:"" T
i.:

LL

"

Selection Twenty-Eight
JAPANESE PIANIST ARRIVES
Yangon, June 28
Japanese pianist Izumi Tateno, arriving today to give a piano recital here
under the Japan-Myanmar cultural exchange program, was welcomed by
officials from the Fine Arts department and the Japanese Embassy.

Mr.Tateno has presented more than 2000 concerts worldwide. He was

-- runner-gp in the 1986 Miessen International Piano Competition, and had
-3 been honoured by the Finnish goverment with the title, Knight of the
?; \
Lion Order, First Class in 1976. He was the first artist to receive ar?
award from the fine arts grant set up by the Finnish government in 15)91.
,-3 He has performed on the piano with the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra, the Tokyo Philharmonic Orchestra and the FRA Radio Symphony
Orchestra.
.-."

A*%-.

.:1

.z.~;.L

Mr. Tateno will be presenting a solo recital at the National Theatre at 6 pm

on June 29. Tickets are K50 for gallery seats and KlOO for stall, it has been
learned.

Yangon, June 29 (MNA)

.

The Cornitlee for Ccnvening Li*,eray and &oi.r;gi-aphy Crli;i)ii~!!k.;i:~

on Patriotism and National Moetos will be hcii3ing &e a b ~ v ecire~liiol-r~ci
. .
competitions at universities, colleges and :nstitof,es i;n 2 nationwide sc:ilr
on July 29 with the help of the Department of Bigiler Education, Min
istry of Education.
I

214
f

.,

Selection Twenty-Seven

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Selection Twenty-Nine
END OF MONSOON RETREAT FESTIVAL FEATURING
BUDDHA'S RETURN FROM TAVATIMSA TO BE HELD

.-.

Mawlamyinegyun, October 2

This yes.r's celebration of the End of Monsoon Rztreat Festival and Buddha's
Descent from Tavatimsa pageant will be a singular departure from the past
and specid entertzinment programs are scheduled for visitors from all parts
of tl2e r::ountry who are expected to turn up for this event.

HO CHI MINH INVITATIONAL INTERNATIONAL

ATHLETIC MEET
Yangon, June 29 (MNA)
34yanmas athletes won gold, silver and bronze medals on the openin2
day in the invitational tournament for international athletes that is being
held for the third time in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, from June 28 to
July 2.
Nanda Hlaing (Myanmar) took the gold in the women's highjump by
clearing 1.66m. Sportswomen from Vietnam won the silver and bronze
in this event.

The Q3rd occasion of celebrating the end of monsoon retreat festival a d

Buddha's descent from the Tavztimsa ce!estid abode wiii be ileld in
Mawlarnyinegyun town from the 7th to 10th October with great pomp a d
ceremony.
The ceremony of offerlng a thousand oil lamps, a thousand fruits, a
thousand flowers and golden robes will be held on the full moon eve and
full moon day of Thadingyut, while on the night of the day after full moon
the pageant depicting Buddha's descent from Tavatimsa heaven to
Sangassanagara kingdom on earth with Sakka, King of the T a v a t i n ~ s ~
celestiai abode and hordes of celestial gods and Brahrna supreme deitles
attending, will be held. At noon on the next day, the Buddha image fro111
Tava~lrnsawith theheavenly hordes ~ttendantwill inake the rounds of accepting oEertories together with monks from the 38 monasteries in the town.

Selection Thirty

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Khin Khin Htwe (Myanmar), stood first in the women's 800 metre event
posting 2 minutes 18.50 second while women athletes from the host counin1came in second and third. She repeated this performance in the 5000
meters with a timing of 17 minutes and 19.6 secona v11rle Korea a ~ t i
Vietnam look the silver and bronze respectively.
In the men's highjump,Vietnam captured the gold with a clearance of
1.94 m, with La Min. Aung from Myanmar in the runner up slot clearing the same mark in his best jump. Another Vietnamese a~hletelook
the bronze.
This meet is attended by athletes from seven countries, namely.
Myanmar, People's Republic of China, Korea, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Youth and Vietnam.

=%3

Selection Thirty-One

Selection Thirty-Two
MODERATE MONSOON

BOY SLEEPING UNDER MOSQUITO NET DIES OF

SNAKE BITE

I "

Yangon, June 15(MNA)

An Incident occurred on June 12 at the 13th ward, in the nev, : L L ] ~ .
ment of Nyaunggon, Dalla township, just across the river from l'ingon,
in which a child sleeping under a mosquito net was bitten by h s n A e

-a

and died.
U Tin Maung and 6 members of his family were asleep in their house
at No 51650-A of 13th ward of Nyaunggon when they were u&cned
by the cries of his nineyear-old grandson, Maung Aung Thu v.:h;: .:OII~plained of being bitten by a cat. Maung Aung Thu had been ~ i z z ~ i n ~
under a mosquito net in the company of his aunt and elder sister5 Seeing two fang marks on his right forearm, which seemed to ha\.- :;c.cil
made by a cat, family members fetched LJ Hla Tun who was a ~ s > ; ' i , c ~ .
of the Red Cross in addition to being a community leader. U E:!: Tun
identified the wound as a snake bite and as preparations were k i n g
made to take the boy to a hospital the boy turned blue and died.

June, 1 (The New Light of Myanmar)

Summary of observations recorded a t 2pm May31:-During the past
24 hours, weather has been cloudy in lower Sagaing, Mandalay and
Magway Divisions, and rain or thundershowers have been isolated in
Kachin State, scatiered in Rakhine State and upper Sagaing Division and
widespread in the remaining states and divisions. A noteworthy amount
of rainfall of 2.20 inches was recorded at Homalin. Day temperatures
were 3~ below normal in Kachin State, 3~ to 4~ above normal in
Sagaing and Mandalay Divisions and Rakhine State and about normal
in the remainkg areas.
Bay inference:-Monsoon
is weak in the South Bay and Central Bay
and weather is partly cloudy to cloudy elsewhere in the Bay of Bengal.
Forecast valid ti11 evewi~mgof 1st June 1995:- Rain or thundershowers will be scattered in Kayah and southern Shan states, lower Sagaing,
Magway, Mandalay and northern Bago divisions and widespread in the
remaining states and divisions. Degree of certainty is 80%.

Stat.e of the sea:- Sezs will be slight to moderate in Myanmar waAs the ground under the flooring was flooded, a search w i ~ hf azi:lict~t.s
ters.
revealed a hooded snake wilh a girth c;f nearly five inches arid o;-.-,-:
8,~~,i.
j
-cubits long coiled around the cross beam on the centre post supp;:rting
Outlook f o r subsequent two dzys:- Moderate monsoon.
the ridge pole. The boy's grandfather killed it with a length of bamboo.
,Lr

Maung Aung Thu was the soil olr KG Khin Shwe and Ma Ti;;:- .lye
and had been a student in the third standard in the No 2 Middle S.:i;ool.
Police are holding an inquest.

Selection Thirty-Four

Selection Thirty-Three

HEROIN SEIZED IN LASH10 AND MANDALAY

TWO KYAT STAMPS COMMEMORATING

SUPPRESSION OF NARCOTIC DRUGS TO BE ISSUED

Yangon, September 27(MNA)

A combined team made up of members from the Lashio Antinarcotics Special
Squad, Military Intelligence and the 'Customs Department acting on a tip,
stopped Hilux minibus Pa12751 which was travelling from Muse to
Mandalay at the entrance to Lashio near the Animal Pack Transport Unit at
about 9:30 am on 10th September. A search of the minibus which had Sai
Linn Pan at the wheel and Ye Htay as conductor, uncovered heroin weighing
a total of 1.644 kg concealed within 110 soapboxes which were packed into
5 cartons of Xin Xin cigarettes. Further investigation linked a certain
Ma Aye Han of Mandalay as the owner of the drugs. Mandalay
Antinarcotics Special Squad raided her house on the 38th Street, between the
80th and 81st Streets on the same day and netted an additional 0.0183 kg of
heroin packed inside a soapbox.

Yangon, June 21 (MNA)

A new 2 Kyat stamp will be issued by the lvfyanma Posts and Telecommunications Department, Ministry of Communications, Post and Telegraphs to commemorate the International Prevention of Drug Abuse and
Trafficking Day, which falls on the 26th of June, 1995. The stamps will be
sold on that date simultaneously through the state, division, district and
township communications stations (post-offices).
On that date, first day covers wiil be sold at the Yangon and Mdndaiay
General Post Offices as a special concession Lo philatelists, studen~sand
citizens and commemorative cancellation of stamps wi!l alsii be available.
Pamphlets with infoniiation on the commemorative stamp will be distributed free with the purchase of the first day cover. Individuals from
other towns who would like to purchase first day covers are advi~ed10
contact either Yangon General Post Office (phone number 0i-85477) c.,r
Mandalay General Post Office (phone nlamber il::-21505) frclm 5 c i:c;:;:s~
communication station (post-office) and pla.ce their orders with ad:jance
payment, not later than 12 nson 26th of June.

another seizure
The Lashio combined team made another seizure near the Animal Pack
Transport Unit at about 11:30 am on 21st September as members accosted one
U Khaung Tun who was walking along with a bamboo work basket slung
from his shoulder by means of a tumpline. A Molla brand engine oil plastic
can which he was carrying inside the basket,was found to contain 0.4937 kg
of heroin.

action taken
*

Action has been taken against them under theNarcotic Drugs and Psychotropic
Substances Law.

2 7

Selection Thirty-Five

Selection Thirty-Six
JIAN ZEMIN SAYS CHINA HAS NEVER BEEN AND NEVER
WILL B E A THREAT TO OTHER COUNTRIES

INCREASE OF RAIN IN THE RAKHINE STATE

+~

Yangon, June 2
?
,,

Surnrnarv ofobservations recorded at 0930 hours MST:--During

24 hours, weather been cloudy in lower Sagaing and Mandalay Divisions

and rain or- thundershowers have been widespread in Kachin, R a h i n e and
Kayah States.,Ayeyanvady and Tanintharyi Divisions, scattered in Yangon
Division and isolated in the remaining states and divisions with isolated
heavy falls in Kachin State. Noteworthy amounts of rainfall were recorde
at Putao (5.67 inches), Machanbaw (1.75 inches) and Loikaw (1.1
inches). Day temperatures were %2 to 4~ above normal in Shan State,
lower Sagaing and Mandalay Divisions, 3C below normal in &chin State
and about normal in the remaining areas.

President Jian Zemin, speaking to an audience of 10,000 attending the 50th

anniversary marking the end of the World War said that China had never
been and never will be a threat to other countries as its aim was to become
a major economic power. The ceremony was being held at the Tienanmen
Square.
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Bay inference: -Monsoon is weak to moderate in the south Bay and central
Bay and weaher is partly clouciy to cloudy elsewhere in the Bay of Eenga!

Beijing, September 5 (MNAIReuter)

the past

"

,...

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'>
- .

Forecast vaBd till eve~ngofZndJuneE995:-Rain or thundershowers will

be scattered in Rakhine State, Ayeyarwady and Yangon divisions an
isolated in Kachin, Shan, Kayih, Mon and Kayin States, upper Sagain
and Tanintharyi Eivisions and weather will be partly cloudy to cloudy in
remaining states md divisions. Degree of certainty is 80%.
State of the sea:-

Jiang Zenin who was also the Chinese Communist Party chief, said thzt
chinaonly wanted peaceso that goals for development would besuccessfuliy
implemented in the coming 15 year period.
"Ctina needs a peaceful international environment f c its
~ socidist m ~ d c i n i sation construction and will adhere strictly to its independent policy'': he
continued.
He said that the so called "Chinese threat" was groundless, a rumor planted
by those with ulterior motives.

Seas will be slight to moderate in Myanmar waters.

-?

Outlook for subsequent two d ~ y s t - Jncrease of rain in Rakhine Statc.

Diplomats said that he was apparently referring to the United States, which
Beijing believes is evolving a policy of containment towards China for fear
that rapid modernization of the most populous nation on earth cocld 1h.5aic
its position.
-I

-""%

-4 Selection Thirty-Eight
.&

Selection Thirty-Seven

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CROATIAN FORCES SEIZE KNIN

SERBIAN PRESIDENT CONDEMNS KREJINA OFFENSIVE

... .

DEPUTY MINISTER INSPECTS ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES

7.

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Yangon, June 28 (MNA)

.?

Zagrs?. August 6 (MNAIAPI Reuters)

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.,

Arrilit;~~supported Croatian forces entered Knin, used as a base by SeI.b

rnilit~~.
at dawn on Saturday.

As Cr~atianforces entered Knin, people abandoned the town.UN relief

o f f i c i s say that the refugees are heading for Bosnian temtory under
Serb rontrol. They added that preparations have been made to
accox ?date 30,000 refugees.
Knir! .;as deserted except for Croatian tanks and troops occupying the
r o a d .&Pcommented that in many places buildings in Knin have been
reductl :o rubble due to incessant shelling by Croats which had gone
on i. r .>Ao days.
5

!~

UN s:.:iesman Major Alan Balfour said that of practically the entire

tow^ r ?opulation the only ones left were the dead bodies. Sporadic
fire ;:u were still taking place on the roads he said.
Reuw5 rreported that Serbiar! president Milosevic condemned the Croat
offer;::.;= in the Krajina region and that he urged the interria'iiond corn-munic co take decisive action. Another Reuters news report, canied an
item 2ir a UN spokesman revealed that Croatian Serbs had requested
UN .-:.:
In evacuating 30,000 refugees to B o s n i ~ q;.l.te.ni;c?ry on Sa~urday.
'

-i

.:-+,

Deputy Minister U Soe Nyunt accompanied by Myanma Hisrorical

Commission member Dr Khin Maung Nyunt. Department of Archaeology staff, Lt. Col-Soe Nyunt, Chairman of the Pyay District Law and
Order Restoration Council and party toured Hpo Gaung Lake Pagoda,
Queen Beikthano's tomb, Be Be Le cave-temple, Baw Baw Gyi, Hpaya
Mar and Hpaya Gyi stupas located (in Sriksetra ) 7miles north of Pyay,
at 7 am yesterday. They were conducted around the sites by Hmawza
Arhaeological Museum Curator U Naing Win, and Deputy Conservator 'J Myint Wai among other officials
In a meeting with district and township administrative officials, Department of Archaeology staff and trustees of the ~bo\rc=-menfioned
pssodas
held at the Hpaya Gyi pagoda, the Depuv Miri~ster observed t:r!;t since
Sriksetra stands as a monument marking the flowering of Pyu culture,
it will be an attraction in 1996 Visit Myanmar Year. He praised the
Department of Archaeology's efforts in putting up road signs leading the
way from the new town site of Khittaya, concrete site markers, and security grilles in cave-temples enshrining priceless images from mtiquity
and urged that such efforts be kept up.
He instructed that signboards giving brief histories of the edifices in
M.yanmar 2nd Eng!isI: be nc!.
Y
up at the Baw Ez\>i Gyi, Kpaya Gh-i m d
Hpaya Mar pagods.

72-

Selection Thirty-Nine

;$# Selection Forty

-73

WORK COMMITTEE FOR HOLDING MYAWADY DANCE

COMPETITION MEETS

LET'S PLANT MONSOON RICE EARLY

Yangon, July 6 (MNA)

June 29 ( The New Light of Myanmar)

million ions nf rice

We are aiming for a production target of
by planting 12 million acres of monsoon and 4 million acres of
summer paddy, altogether a total of 16 million acres under paddy
cultivation.
The first crop of monsoon paddy should be sown by direct planting in rows before the middle of July.
Paddies should be tilled thoroughly after which all water must be
drained off.
Select strains which have a good growth rate, require a short growing period and generates a high yield. Seeds sholild br !;tei-.pctf
in water for 24 hours ilfiiil the husk splits at the end ~ G cbe
J
seedling to peek out. Use a seed planter or strung guidelines to plant
seeds in even rows.
Weed two or three weeks after seedlings have sprouted.

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Use chemical feflilizer systematically.

Protect crops from blight and insect pesrs.
Harvesting the first crop in September will pcrmii iht: seccnd to
be olanted in time in October.
c::!~;;;;; ;;.iic; j i g After harvesting the second r;ice crop, :>l(:~~iafii:~
umes can be grown 2s the third crop with tile aid of irng;:tion.
Providing adequate wzler will yield a good ha.rl,:esc. T:?,?!:: cr(;pping means tripling income.
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Use machine power 2.; evr=r,ry stage: c:;,;::,:: i: ,.." ,..,,
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ing, and winnowing to drying paddy.
;
be required can bc
Any help and technical zsisrance ~ a !ma);
obtained from the nearest Myanmar Agriculture Station.

.(:

The Work Committee responsible for organizing me Myawady Dance

Competition which is to be held in September, hdd its first coordination meeting in the parlor of the National Theanz at 1:30 pm. Chairman of the Work Committee, Brigadier General Xung Thein, Director
of Public Relations and Psychological Warfare gave the opening address.
The meeting was attended by members of the Work Committee, chairmen and members of sub-committees and invites.

In his inaugural address, Brigadier Aung Thein said that the Myawady
Dance Competition was being held under the ausrices of Senior Genera1 Than Shwe, Commander-in Chief of the Defer:-- Services and Chairman of the State Law and Order Restoration Ccencil with a view to
preserve and promote anyein,as an indigenous art i~rmand to raise its
standard and the social status of the artistes.

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As such, he added,the competition would be held in accordance with two

out of the four social objectives of the State Lau w.d Order Restoration Council; that is to enhance national prestige. md to preserve and
safeguard the cultural heritage and national characier. He then called
upon the various sub-committees for comments r~:. s d s coordinated efforts for holding the competition scheduled in S e ~ z x b e r .

L..),
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226

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Selection Forty-?bo

Selection Forty-One

US AND JAPAN REACH AGREEMENT ON CAR SALES

FOREIGN ANTI-NARCOTICS OFFICIALS ARRIVE ON

STUDY MISSION

cz6

DISPUTE

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Geneva, June 29 (MNNAP)

Yangon, June 7 (MNA)

US and Japan reached agreement Wednesday to settle the trade dis4 pute concerning cars, thus ending the threat to the world economy
and averting a trade war, AP reports
7
.
<:
US President Clinton declared that Japan had agreed today to open its
car and car parts market to the US. Since objectives have been fulfilled
he said, there will no longer be any need to impose sanctions on Japan.

An eight-member delegation led by the Chairman of the Bangkok based

Foreign
- Anti-narcotics Community, Mr. Brian %'illiams of the Royal
Canadian Police arrived in Yangon by air yesterday evening to study antinarcotics activities in Myanmar. Desk officers on anti-narcotics from the
embassies of Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand,
Sweden, Indonesia and Japan stationed in Bankok and lnterpol were
among- the delegation.
-

4
+

--.- President Ciinton had threatened that punitive duties would be levied on
f Japanese luxury cars worth $5900 million, starting from Wednesday night,
'
should the dispute be not resolved.

The delegation visited the Shwedagon pagoda and the Defense Semites
Museurn in ~e morning and called on Police Colonel Ngwe Soe T u n ,

President Clinton proclaimed that the agreement was a signal victory

for the American people and for the Japanese people as well, claiming
that it was a mutual success and that the economy of the world a a
whole would be enriched and that it promised a better employment climate
for Americans.

officials from working groups under the Committee at the conferenc

room of the People's Police Force Headquarters in afternoon today.
They were briefed by oificisls from the Central Committee for the Co
troi of Drug- Abuse and Psychotropic Substances and working grou
unrjer it on the mesures undertaken to prevent the threat of drugs with
the aid of documentary video films, slides and maps. The visitors in redescribed action taken by their respective governmenu and organisations in combatting drugs.

7
,

- .+
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Japanese Minister of Trade Hashimoto also commented

that the Amen-

&
'=* can G~vernmenthad relinquished its earlier demands, and the successful

'

cllnclusion of this agreement was a victory not only for America and
Japan but also for the newly emergent Worid Trade Organisation (W1'0)
-::
its member states as well. It was revealed that, until recenliy, fears
.:S
Discussions to hprou- coap:ration in jobllt operations against drugs f0)Joint Secrefary of the Central ~ o m m i t t e efor D N ~ : ,'i-.:?'
~ '..~ ~ $existed
@ ~ . - that America's unilateral action would result in destroying the
low&. In h e
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Abuse Conuol, poiice Coioiiel Ngwe Soe Tun hosted a dinner in lion. ,..*.
prerogatives of the World Trade Organization.
:?a: of the (3t;legatcs.
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Selection Forty-Three

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A GREATER MANDALAY
IN THE NOT-TOO-DISTANT-FUTURE
(Kyaw Sein)

cling the royal palace moat and the water distribution system projects to raise
the city to a grander level have all been accomplished in time under the
direction of the Central Command Headquarters and guidance given by the
Mayor, Chairman of the Mandalay City Development Committee.

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"election

Yangon, September 23

-.

After assumingstate powers,theState Law and Order Restoration Council has

the task of construction and restoration of cities , towns , roads
and bridges which had fallen into disrepair.

Forty-Four
SAFEGUARD NATURAL FORESTS FOR LONG TERM
BENEFITS

Yangon, June 4.

Reconstruction was aimed at providing towns and cities with infrastructu

and amenities befitting their status.

T h e state of the world's ecology depend in the main on natural forests.

T h e safeguarding of natural forests has therefore become an importiant
issue for mankind in modern times.

In bringing unsuitable or unsightly buildings and structures up to urban

standards, one of the projects undertaken was to turn Mandalay as the sec(;nd
capital of the country into a Greater Mandalay.

T h e depletion of natural forests in many countries have been accompa: i i ~ dby adverse effects for the peopie. Timber has become scarce and
thz majority of countries have reduced its extraction and slopped exports of unprocessed lumber-

Those who had been to Mandalay about eight years ago before h e S~aii:i ; ~ w
and Order Restoration Council took over and had never been there again until . - %.;..:. .
now, would he overwhelmed with wonderment at the spanking new rnodcrn
2.~... .;,@.
buildings, arrow-straight, broad and pleasant avenues and arched bridges . .:,.sf T h e Ministry of Forestry has: rhen measures concerning overall aspects
.. ,I,:%:
commanding the new vistia.
of forest maintenance, timber extraction and exports to be governed by
policy and as a result Myanmar is comparatively on a better footing than
Sovereign and Independent
other countries.
Fog. centuries the Myanmar peoples existed as an independen
SeIective felling that has been traditionally followed from days of
a ci-vilizedculture and under their own monarchs. Mandalay bei
,
,<
.. .! r ehas prevented rhe dai-iger of deioresta~ionup to the present. Howcapital under the last Myanmar king to reign, King -1hibaw of <he K:>ii\i:i~n
cvcr, keeping the welfare of the country and people in the long term
dynasty. Therefore steps are being taken to preserve the cultur
at heart, serious steps are being taken to preserve and maintain natural
the Myanmar peoples by restoring the existing palace buildings a!id hilildi
![!Tests.
replicas in place of those razed during the war. Through this restor
international visitors coming in during tine i996 Visit Myanmar
ii: x c o r d iviih i!:e aim ol' zc.:!iserving timber into the far future, nursable to see for themselves and apprecizte their aesthetic quaiiliz:; \:/h?cl!::i::
eries for various species including teak are being set up and operated
a source of pride for the Myanmar peoples.
:-;ystcmatically to provide trees l'or afforestation prc;jecw.
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As part of the environmental protection effon the Nine District Greening

Project in the Dry Zone is proceeding with momentum. A pleasant environment will be assured for the future when people are ingrained with
the knowledge that only healthy forest cover will protect climaLe and
environment and consequently, take pride in planting trees and devc]aping woodlands.

-4

Singapore were shipped by air, but excessive freight charges, damage

-.. in transit and limitation in the amount that can b e shipped per flight his
turned shippers towards depending on sea freight starting from this year.
Mangoes from Myanmar have now penetrated the European market and
it now remains only to expand cultivation so that mango exports can
be stepped up year by year.

,,(,,

Sir~cethe M~nistryof Forestry have though the ages been Concerned

only with the "profitability" but have taken into account the paramcler.\
of "ecological acceptability" and "social adaptability", The Mirrol- ha>
been led to the conclusion that a happy balance has been struck be\wecn
conservation of forests on one hand and the extraction and utlllzatlon
of timber on the other.

$4

Selection Forty-Five
MYANMAR FRUITS GAINING POPULARITY
(Kkin Myanmar)
Yangon, June 15
With an economy based on agriculture, the !j~iion of Mya~:;;ia: ;ii,;i:-i
from growing rice, oleaginous crops, and various legumes in the nlilin,
also grows a variety of delectable fruits. Today, orchard owners grov;
mango, durian, mangosteen, rambutan, pomelo, tangerine, pear, p i n c ; , ~
. .
ple, grapes and bananas on a commercial >;rsi:. The Miilisir-y <.,I'
culmre has, meanwhile concentrated on developing hitherto u n c u i ~ v ~ i c L .&Z
areas, dissemination of agricultural knowledge among cultivators anc! ~n
vate entrepreneurs in agrobusiness, distributing quality stock arid c,'-ci
aging free movement of agriculturai prod;;ci.:; i>c:;~i: wirhir; a!:?; :!:.:i, ! $
the country.

:;?ij-

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lt.t

In the exp~rtingcjf mangoes. those destincd for Germany arc: i~l~icc.!

while the skin of the ripening fruit are still green as they have Lo b
shipped in refrigerated containers by sea. Formerly mangoes bound f(

232

Nowadays, Myanmar fruits are gaining popularity with the numbers of

satisfied buyers from abroad as well as that of domestic consumers growing. The sale of delicious fruit packed attractively in rattan baskets for
pesentation as birthday gifts, gifts to mark special occasions and as New
Year gifts are moving at a fast clip- This surge in d a m n d for
fruits indicates that foreign exchange earnings (from this sector) will rise in
the corning Visit Myanmar Year.
The planting of fruit trees such as banana, jack-fruit, guava, and mango
and decorative flowering plants such as jasmine, roses and the like are
counted as one of the six kinds of works which earn perpetual merit,
ardmaropd in Pali. Filling every available space in one's garden, farmyard or home with trees and plants which bear fruit will not only supplement the family's income but will be helping the country in a way. I
urn therefore making this call to plant fruit trees which will not only
pl-ovidc shade and enhance a home but will constitute an act ol' mcrit
and be a source of provender as well.

ling a city, but to develop these to be on par with international standards, construction and maintenance work is being carried on to impart
stateliness, beauty and modernity.

Selection Forty-Six
ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE YANGON CITY
COMMITTEE

DEVELOP MEN^

Sports and social activities

(Warazein)

Yangon, September 3
As efforts to improve the standards of sports in this country are garhering momemtum in every aspect in keeping with the motto "Myanm
sports, the world to conquer", the Yangon City Development Cornm
tee under the aegis of the State Law and Order Restoration Council,
organised marathon races with a view to pronote nati~nalsporu an
the health and mental well-being of citizens.
Mayor's Marathons were held For the first time in 16 June 1991 wilt
2,670 participants, the second i l l 115 December 1991 with approxirnatcly
25,000 participants, while the third cn 12 December 1992 drew 43,(
cor,eestants and 51,615 took part in the fourth Mayor's Marathon
Around rhe City Relay races held on 20 November 1993.
The City Golf Course located on the Thirimingalar Road, Insein To
ship held i s opening ceremony on I 1ant;ary: 1994.
;

T o promote all-round develop~nentof the sports world, the Yangon

Development Committee has held sports and games contests in various
fields including fco:b&. \~~~!l.~:.~i'!~~!i.
5;:c!ri%~bzil,badnii::on, car,el?;ill ;iilci
chess.
The Yangon City Developrr,eni. Committee has also made contribut
for social acrivities: religionl eiiucatii:n and health and donared towar
,relief for viclln?.s of !>re. fi.oc< ;j;-;ij:;:r,:-ms. i.kiese crjnrfibutions i[il:~\(:ti

million in 1993-94.

?$
j
$

;.:

In order to ensure the health, happiness and physical well-being of its

citizens and to raise the standard of national sports to a level in keeping
with the motto "Myanmar sports, the world to conquer", the Mayor's
Marathon races have been held annually and fund raising drives have
been undertaken for (sport) festivals held under the auspices of the
state. Moreover, contributions in the form of manpower, money and material are made towards worthy causes concerning religion, education,
social affairs and health. With the aid and support of its citizens strenuous efforts are being made to turn Yangon into a "Garden City", a
world-class city presenting a clean and pleasant environment .

Selection Forty-Seven
MENG LA BORDER AREA
(Taungdwin Pho Thein)
Yangon, June 29
During the State Law and Order Restoration Council's administration,
peace has been finally realised in the Meng La-Meng Ma border area
unlike in former days. With peace this arca has come to enjcy seccrrlty.
Since life has grown more serene, the people of this border area and
the leaders have met together in blissful harmony to decide upon ways
and means to develop their region in cooperation w i ~ hthL zovenimcnt.
The primary requirenient for development was the construction of roads
and the next concern was to set up a public water supply system and
provide electric power in order to put the place on a truly urban foot-

In order not only to bestow the city of Yangon with attribu~es

T o provide the town with a 24 hour electrical supply, the Nam Ma

235

234
-

. .

_ I ' '~ .

Selection Forty-Eight

sueam flowing by the Shan village of Wan Laung 14 miles from Meng
La was perceived as a likely candidate. A feasibility study measured
the flow of the perennial Nam ~ astream
'
on site.

NEW LANDMARK I N HISTORY O F

THE RED CROSS SOCIETY SET;

- ..

. . .. .
.. . ..j
... . . c2
::.
.

...

,a,

Aid from the government was secured in the form of two reservoirs and
technical advice while monetary and labour contributions were made by
the community.

National tasks fulfilled

-=?
r .

Work on this project commenced from 16- 12-93 but owing to the act
that it was being done with the interests of the community at hean and
to the spirit of rallying together which inspired them, two reservoirs, one
with a capacity of 7,000 gallons and other with a 10,000 gallon capacity,
together with a dam, sluice control and hydroelectric station were corn-'
pleted by 11-10-94, within a span of just 282 days. Thus it vindicates
the dictum that nothing stands in the way of united effort.

Yangon, September 21

All over the world Red Cross Societies have emerged with noble objectives.
The
history of the International Red Cross Societies began with the aim of
.;:!$,
.
helping those who have been wounded or become prisoners of war, regardless
-::
of being whether they were friend or foe. This aim has been broadened to
accommodate the relieving of natural disasters, epidemics and social
distress in times of peace.
.
.
...
.,:.
:.
..
.
~.
.,.
As the Red Cross Society was founded in the year 1920 in Myanmar, this year
. . . .. ..
- .-.,..,
The Wan Laung hydroelectric station has an output of 300 hlowatts and ' . . :;<.
can be commemorated as the diamond jubilee of the Myanmar Red Cross
Society.It can be seen that from the time of its inception the Myanmar Red
the sight of this border town of Meng La, now aglow with electrict~:I[
Cross Society was founded with the aim of providing a broad spectrum of
night, kindles within me a ,new respect for the regional deveiuplnc~i
. ...,
social work.
measures undertaken by the national peoples of the border areas.
.:.:~./.{;#-

<~-

,..;

..,

?*-,'.

.,

,'

In addition, with a government grant for the construction of the lo

water supply, pipes have been laid from the reservoirs to the town, rhll
ensuring a ready supply of water for the town's population.
Meng La has now transformed itself from an underdeveloped town
the frontier to that of a developed one literally within days.

-.

.
,

::

....:..

,..
:.:.: .-.! .
.. ,
..

'

Red Cross work which was in keeping with the nature of Myanm~rpeople
succeeded especially. Within the confines of Myanmarsociety which is built
on the cornerstones of compassion, goodwill and kindness, Red Cross youths
have actively put forth personai sacrifices leading to well earned awards givcn
by the Internationd Red Cross. The winning of the Henry Dunant Prize,
which is the highest Red Cross award, and the Florence Nightingale award
honoring those in the nursing p-ofession who have selflessly made person21
sacrifices by two persons who have been a credit to the country are proud
landmarks of achievement for the Myanmar Red Cross Society.
During- the State Law and Order Restoration Council's administration, every
effort made in the political: econcmic and sucia! spheres have not only been
founded on cooperation si-nong various government departments but have
aiso depended on the participation of individual philanthropists, businessmen, philanthropic non-governmental organizations and associations en-

. . ..
. .

. ,. , I

.
,
. . . .,.

-.:::qj.

- , . ...

bodies have also been created. Since the Myanmar Red Cross Society forms
one of these bodies, the state is gi,ving needed support and have honored
selected society members who have been outstanding.

Selection Forty-Nine

. . .
..
. .,

ALTERNATIVE FUELS TO FIREWOOD

'+

Special Refresher Courses for Red Cross executives which have been held
in the Central Institute for Public Service, with the first course being opened
011 September 14, mark a new chapter in the history of the Myanmar Red Cross
Society. In these special refresher courses students will have the chance to
learn about the state of the nation in general, national construct~onpro~ecrs
and national aims and objectives.

Yangon, June 4

1995 has been designated as the year to change over from firewood to
substitutefuels.

The goverment is sparing no effort to popularize the widespread use of

such substitute fuels and has taken on this task as a national concern.

RedCross youth will be taking an active part in developmentsconcerning the

nation as a whole. The primary responsibility of the Red Cross Society will
be that its efforts directly support the social objectives set by the state.

A committee for devising and distribution of firewood substitute fuels

has been set up during October 1994 by the Ministry of Industry (2)
under the guidance of Senior General Than Shwe, Chairman of the State
Law and Order Restoration Council. A subcommittee for devising and
distribution of firewood substitute fuels has also been formed.

Cross Society will have a major role to play, reaching ou: to the
yrassroots in implementing the task of setting up the required social foundatlons in every home and family ,as envisioned in the slogan "Upgrading the
l~eu!th,fitness and education standards of the whole nation" which forms one
of the four sociai objectives set forth by the State.

The Red

I
I

The Mlrror therefore urges that Red Cross organizations concern themselves
not only with affairs which fall strictly within h e ambit of their society, but
1.0carly out the tasks on a national scale of inspiring the people with resoluic
pride in the national heritage and patriotism , as well as realizing !he goal of
beizg adequately educated, fit, healthy and of a high morai standard.

P
-2
.

This sub committee has held exhibitions of research on produchon of

firewood subsiitute fuels in the Department of Myanmar Science and
Technology Research, which was attended by Regional
Commanders,
Division Commanders, Ministers and other interested persons.
Tcn such exhibitions have been held and similar exhibitions. had
made during a three-week tour of 12 townships in the northern divisioR:
Crom 24-2-95 to 17-3-95.

2%'

Various types of charcoal briquettes and stoves, solar and electric stoves
have been shown in these exhibitions and cffoi.,s have been made tcx dl:tribute firewood substitute fuels down to the viljage ievei.
Solar ovens, clay ovens, ovens fired by sawdust or paddyhusks,palrn
sugar boilers, single fagot stoves, stoves fired by dried leaves arid waste
material, paddyhusk briquette stoves, coke briqilette sioves and subs::Lute fuels are being distributed to pec;ple in the Sagaing: Shwebo and
Monywa districts by the Northwest Command as part of the Nine Districts Greening Project.

The Camp Commander's Office of the Ministry of Defense has undertaken production of briquettes from coal dross (slack) for use with briquette stoves while the Directorate of Resettlement from the same ministry has set up a factory for production of substitute fuels in Pakokku.

:V

4
3

The Ministry of Industries (2), the Ministry of Mines, the Ministry of

Forestry, and the Ministry of Cooperatives as well as private entrepreneurs have developed, produced and are distributing fuel brique~tesand
stoves as alternatives to firewood.

The Ministry of Forestry is also carrying out afforestation projects in

the central part of the country which makes up the nine districts earmarked in this project.
The Ministry of Agriculture meanwhile has taken charge of providing
sufficient water for cultivation through five means and making all-out
efforts to implement the afforestation project.

> 8

The development and widespread use of firewood substitutes will resul~

in the improvement of forests, vegetation cover and trees which will In
turn lead to improvement and normalization of climatic conditions.

*..t

The use of firewood is still prevalent in Myanmar. The result of this is

deforestation, abnormal climatic conditions, drought, loss of naturaily fertile topsoil, scarcity of water and intensification of hot weather Tota!
deforestation might result in desertification.

G3

$3

a%

-.-%-

--$a

The use of alternative sources instead of firewood will be less expensive than firewood, will consume less time and energy, will be cleaner
and prevent depletion of forests.
Halting the depletion of forests will restore the lush verdure which will
promote equable climatic conditions. This will in turn result in bun~pcr
harvests for the farmers. Consequently, the &ree basic needs of the pt:ople will be fulfilled. Moreover, there will be more left to be exported
thus providing the means for developing the country through agriculture.

r %

MESSAGE FROM SENIOR GENERAL THAN SHWE,

CHAIRMAN OF THE STATE LAW AND ORDER RESTORATION
COUNCIL, ON THE OCCASION OF THE FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Half a century has passed since the founding of the United Nations.
Today is an important annual occasion for Member States to review and
reflect with solemnity on the achievements and shortcomings of the United
Nations in responding to global problems -facing mankind. The founding
fathers of the Organization, determined to banish war from this planet earth,
and to create a peaceful and prosperous .world, drew up an international
charter of peace, justice, and freedom for all mankind and on its basis had
founded the United Nations.
~
mar,y senfices of incalculable value to its
The United Nations h z rendrred
members and we have to pur cn record its most striking success in
decolonization process. Today, the United Nations is a universal body with
more than three times the number of its original membership.

The noble purposes and principles enshrined in the United Nations Charter
remain universal and still valid. The end of the Cold War and prevailing
political and economic c ~ r ~ d i t i of
o ~thz
i world have made it all the more
important to rededicate our commitment to the cardinal principles of the
Organization, namely- the equality of sovereign States, territorial integrity,
political independence of States and peacefui seulemen~of disputes.
It is the responsibility of its members to ensure that the United Nations will
not become an international organization where the powerful few dictate their
priorities and politica! preferences on the many weak.
-1

ii

I t is therefore the aim of this article to urge people LO be aware of thc

need to put this national policy into effect by using firewood substitutes.

Selection Fifty

-;$
:

~ llnited
e
Nations ~ ~ j aajs:;
i ; cnvisaged ti; bz an inicmational machinery for

the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples.

Regrettably, the dispaiiy between deveioped and developing countries has
been widening. The United Nations has recognised that the right to development is an inalienable human right. It is therefore incumbent upon the

.,..:>;

~lectionFiftv-One

atares or the United Nations to bring the concept of development:2

fulfdment. Member States should-again reso!ve to cooperate in creaii4
international economic environment conducive to the realization of then,
to development Concerns have been expressed that theunited Nations pG
greater emphasis on peace-keeping than on issues of development. wit&$
development there will be no prospect for lasting peace. It must be remi
hered that the United Nations was founded to strengthen multilateral coope;g
tion and to faciiitate the establishment of an equitable and balanced in
tional order.

~~lr;llluer

'THE MYANMA GEM MARKET FROM

THE MID-YEAR GEM EMPORIUM
(Maung Maung Soe)
.'angon, October 16

?$

Throughout past millenia, Myanmar has been rich in natural resources. The

Notwithstanding the limitations and shortcomings in fulfilling its respo&

bilities, the United Nations continuesto be humanity's best hope in the glo6
. .
pursuit of international peace and security, economic development and id
progress. We must lend our support to the United Nations to play the pi$*P
role in establishing a new world order based an mutual trust and underst&@
ing, equality and democratization in international relations. We must lit&$
together and work together for a better and safer world as we approach iQ
..
.. :&.- * -*. ,
next century.
-. . .%.'i,&&r;2
.,

ij.

,..,

:
;
.,

\-

.>,.

"

<

.". ,,*

On this momentous occasion of the 50th Anniversary of the founding o

United Nations let us reaffirm our faith in the United Nations as a center f
harmonizing theactions of nations in the attainment of universal peace, glob
prosperity and cooperation, and renew our commitment to the principles af
-$%
purposes of the Charter.
.,.

[,md is bountiful, with its jade and ruby enjoying worldwide fame. In addition
tto
a plethora of jadestones, gemstones and rubies such gifts of the
~yanmarland arealso of very high gem quality and arecounted as top quality
$ms in the world market. The Myanma Gem Emporium Central Committee
hlds expositions of gems so that the nation's mineral treasures can have their
rpmper pride of place in the world market.
2.

k~h7heGem Emporium held in 1995 is the 32nd of its kind. Foreign gem
:merchants have been so delighted with Myanmar gems that in addition to the
9- regular annual expositions, half-yearly expositions and interim sales have to
i,be held. In this year itself, a mid-year exposition wiil be held from the 14th
o the 22nd of October inviting gem merchants from a total of 29 countries.
;

A notable instance in this mid-year exposition is that only aduty of 10 percent

will be collected on sales made by gem traders from the private sector. Before
w t h e ~ ~ a n m a ~Act
e was
m promulgated, a 25 percentduty was collected from
duty was to facilitate the formation
percent reduc
b d growth of a domestic gems market.
&?
ZG

2 Beginning from this year, gem merchants from within the country will also

1C

B:.be able to make their purchases in the gem emporium. However, a require-

ment for domestic companies in the gems

trade is a bankdeposit of US$30,000.
-

{Thismeasure is to establish free trade in gems in accordance with the market:c?rientedeconomy.

$&The mid-year gem exposition is being held in the Myanma Gems Museum
and Gems Mart facility. Finished jade articles and jewelry from Myanma
Gems Enterprise, jewelry produced by Myanmar VES joint venture com-

e:.

PanY and jade figurines sold at fixed prices are to be found on the ground

twill
be. only
fitting
thatbenefits accruing from what nature has endowed this
- . ..- .
.
.
"country with,.be enjoyed by its citizens. Moreover, rubies, jade and gems
originating from this country should be properly' acclaimed as Myanma
gems. Governmental support alpne will not accomplish this. The panici~ation of local businesshen.in a spirit of patriotic mdeavour will be essential.
~t is proposed that businessmen from enterprises owned by nationalSpanicipate in this promotion of a national market for gems by establishing a
,.A franchise for international gem merchants in which timely availability will be
..
C

.,

!
!

1
i

1I
!

i
,!

Outside the ~xpositionhall, cut and uncut gemstones, gem bearing rock
different sizes and raw jade in piles to be, auctioned are displayed . On the
floor gemstones and pearls are displayed in lots. In this mid-year expositi
249 lots of gems with a floorprice of US $ 5,532,330, jade in 572
carrying a floor prices of US$7,837,400 and. 138 lo& of pearls marked
2,754,000 as the floor price are to be auctioned.
Gems carrying fixed price tags include 104 lots of gems tones with a ~otalpr
of US$189,050; plus 38 lots ofjade with a total worth of US$70,700; toget
with 7 3 3 1 jade figurines worth US$ 433,242 and 4,474 assorted piece
jewelry worth US$ 2,257,436.
An impressivecascadeof raw jade, jade, gems in lots, finished gemstones a
.jewels in the form of figurines and jewelry have been put on display by [he
Myanma Gems Enterprise, joint venture and private companies. Gem dealers
i'rom 29 countries will be competing with each other in looking over the
offerings, selecting the choicest and purchasing Myanma gems of impressive
size and hues with the assurance of getting a fair bargain and good quality fo
their money.

i1
,

. ,

Steps are being taken by the government to facilitate sales of gems accordi
LO demands of market trends rather than holding fixed events such as annu
and mid-year sales s o that one will be able to purchase any required amou
of the world famous Myanma gems, anytime, Rules and regulations are a1
being drawn to help nationals who are in the gem business.

I,

1
I

The emergence o f a gems market elsewhere found

smuggled out of this countryis especially undesirabIe. A market for My
gems should be located on Myanmar soil so th
precious mineral resource to foreign dealers would b
hands of nationals. At this moment however, a mark
sprung up on foreign soil which has even eclipse
rubies and jade on sale there whose origins can be traced back here.
.

'

II

I:

244

. .

MYANMAR WONIEN'S RIGHTS

(professor Daw May May Yi)
Yangon, September 9
cording to census projections for the year 1993-94, women a~countedfor
1;68 million out of a total population of 43.12 million.?he life expectancy
: i ., :,,.t. ~

women constitutemore than 50 percent of the total population. Women do not

enjoy the same rights as men in some parts of the world. Lagging in
development, women have mounted the podium during the World Confernce on Women to speak out for equal rights with men.
In the case of Myanmar women, they have always enjoyed equal rights with
men as a result of inheriting the customs and traditions of Myanmar
civilization and constkutional rights granted by successive consdtuLions. In
some aspects'special privileges have even been granted, and I might say that
That all citizens, irrespective of sex, be equal before the law has been

. !..

,
. .

A woman is entitled to maintainance from her

:abandoned by the latter.
me apeclal
- marrage,
Since aMyanrnar woman is free to choose her partner ~n
,

to 23.k on her father's name nor change over to her husband's nam
after maxaige but goes through life with her own name.

cannot be bought with gold"*

In keeping with the saying, "Women's
laws have been enacted to protect females at every age level from

and mother- In some families, the housewife has a greater voice

thereby earns the sobriquet "Home Minister".

a
The high coun is empowered to commute a sentence of death passed
pregnant mronan to that of life imprisonment at its discretion. Since a woman
by custom
her hair as sacred, the head of a woman inmate can be
shorn only with her consent or for health reasons.

regarding the right to vote anC h e right to stand for election.

Women who are destitute and in need of protection are taken care of by t&
slate and providedwith opp~~unities
to take up vocational training, educa
lion for social.development ard job training.
With the aim of securing advzcement for women in underdeveloped areas,
.
vocational training courses h r c been opened and programs to lend money
to set up small businesses ani :,operatives have been instituted.

Care for aged women is not rsixded as a social problem here as by lradilio
and custom it is accepted as s. meritorious deed. State social organizaiio
however look after aged womea who are childless.
Since anaura of peace hasdesmded on this land, the government has designated four each of political, e:.:3omic and social objectives to be met, and
leaders in the government a: working together with non-governmen~a
organizations and providing jt.ijership to effect all-round development
underdeveloped areas. At a ; : y e when this goal is being pursued with
suenuous effort and goodwil:. iomen from underdeveloped areas
also be aware of their rights.

Our sisters in these areas Csuld be aware of their rights granted

Myanmar society and customs. s,well as ihose granted by the state, m
good use of these rights and b>-?sing so make our own contribution towa
betterment of conditions of our 3wn family and consequently that of t
particular region we live in ;id thence ultimately that of our belove
motherland. For is it not the zsponsibility of women folk as a whole to
tender our contributions, hou r >sver puny each individual effort may
but to be aware of our ability i; do so and have the spirit to take justifica
pride in it?,
.

-3
.
4
.r

Part III

General Glossary

i
r
.

mo8m

m5!C033

n
n
adj
conj

mccu:

95
m

n car, motor car

rn:?
part emphatic particle
in, at conj if
m*+J&@: n license plarc
lecturer
n kilogram
&+98
kindness
&qo&
n kilowatt
child, infant
n UN
mcu
1
little
qcumq '
n United Nations
while; and; at the
qm@:
n treatment
same time
9q6
n meritorious
defend, safedeed:, merit
guard; prevent
rn~>ScS~: v be fortunare
v assist; help
protect
.2$ c
: protect and in- q:xQ:
hibit
cc$:o&cv
prevention; de- 04@$39
n
(lfComfence
mercc
WX~V)CU
n rumor
n college
s
Ministry of De- d
dod
n committee
fense

ppm subjective case

marker, temporal
case marker, on,

rn:J

--.

mxr;3&

v
: ~ n q u S ~ 8 ~v Z
cu$cqxA

mxr;)uScy

i
I

oQ@:tp.+

mm&

n
n

time; span; period

d o $

kEtr
(4

n
n

commissior~
fate

long term
ppm objective case
marker
feature, filmpart
numericalclassi- ~ & $ { c Q &n colonial period
fier for counting 4:cadm&
films, pictures,

,
,

mf :cp
I

:I
Ii

mc:~xm
e

mc:co:

v
v
v

nine districts
raintree
levy
bite
agree; correspond
lose touch
exempt
free from

part classifier for

counting creatures
"I

re

"llrnh~..A $
lIuIIIIJb~ UI

g+dL:gi
v sacrifice self in- 44
terest
+$&:~c$+T:

Gda&f~
5
FL&$Jm:

*#?

mp604:
mPc&$j2

n world
adv world-wide
n earth

m&:qEV adj
~rnd
-sq:a$

universal

g:&Q2gt

v
aav

oneself (myself,
yourself, herself
etc)
pron personally
a d v in person

q:p
q:(M&9

expecting
mother

n village
n village circle
adj rural
dispersed, scatadj
tered
n spine
v be over adj
more than

mp733-0
-

cml:cu&
u

44

smoking Da]

ones' locality;
hometown
fall; drop; occur;
befall
come down ..-

qlm
qgQp

right to stand for

election

. .

'

adj good
6mnc:m:
v do well, profit
4:&
adj good
n business; matter
n part; role
mw
n lake, pond, tank
4

one's territory

vrpd
n

m c :

such

44~3~
+$+&G n
44Bb

envoy

T.r.-.r.

--

4osm:6\
q ~ ~ n: representative,
~ &
4df3=

~lca-

till-P.

be of sound physique
a d v on behalf of
v represent

ones'
sovereign, independent

n
n

I.-&:c..11..
UULllUlly

y!
\]ll["

full

-F

+:?&@

~apd8:~:
ccvdan&+:

8:g
mipcrSctl&

coke briquette
stove
gemstone

~$4:

v
v

practise
hold

m$:o

qg

.US$
qha
4 4

qE:ocrl:

did
cape:

mip;:a$:m&:n

mip8:cm:
mip2:c+

mipS:c+%{

v
v

mipc':+d:

mip8:02
mip2:oE:

v
n

mip&0{0~8: n

convening cornmittee
school; monasteryparl numerical class~fier
for monasteries
and schools
school disc~pline
enroll in school
be enrolled ~n
school. go to
school
right to go to
school
transfer to another school
enroll in a school
schoolcom-

=f0C

"ild
m&

11

rri]OSb$
qdkCp

--

@me
&:

6 :
@:

@:@n
@:=:

6:

n
n

gubl~che;tl[h
doctor
kyat
moat

bronze
mirror
advertise
think; formulate

@$;c+8EcCI:

@pcy

health and happiness .

USDA

Gb
Em
a*
--*

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collect~veaction

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duration

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health care

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Red Cross Youth

Red Cross Soci-

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badminton

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rambum
spouse
cat

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to
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students

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field research

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computer

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we
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promote

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room
hall
arched bridge

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itinerary
district
district surgeon

n
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times
part approximately,
about

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pomelo
prorr I (male)

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basic computer
knowledge

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throughout the

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expand
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garden; compound; estate;

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plantation; farmyard; compound

v surround; escort
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caneball
threaten

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n
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threat
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discrimination
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permission

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permission, consent

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strength
be frugal

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err; fail
fault

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pdyp

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pay respects
gallon
musical recital

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n
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cave-temple
board of trustees
of a pagoda

01 a$

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take pride
adv proudly

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sth to be proud of
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earthquake
ccyl$~6
(of earth) quake
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adult male fish
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cl :G@
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cI:&$
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c1:$
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spawning fish
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season
cl:~6o>d v (of fish) head
upstream
to
spawn
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c~:~&c+:?:%:

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Department of
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fingerling
fry

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~d:gS:ccl:
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n

silver; money

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less expensive

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lend money
monetary resources

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start, begin
expression,
phrase

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etc.
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magazine

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station; base;
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Camp
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CampCommander's Office
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scripts
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founders

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chief editor
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peek out from

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day of cornmencement
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fourth time
system,order,
method

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oven

cnco

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paddy husk
briquette stove

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the split husk

literature
postage
manuscript;
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experience

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article
examination
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give lesson
book
food stl;ii
basic needs (
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ccinsurilt
arrange

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pass judgement
ride; drive; flow
cigarette
flow, stream
flow, course,
debouch
economy

cancan
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adv early
adv earlier
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timing
jasmine
worn,
dread; be apprehensive of
fex; worry
machine
second
machine power
motor boat
machiwry
bicycle
cyclist
industry
factory
plant
plant, put up
plant; cultivae;
grow
plantingthrough agriculture

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major economic
power
business
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commercially
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total
collect, group,
assemble
collect
make, cause
goodwill
philanthropist

s:,,,,,acg,

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organizations
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conj in order to

sufficient wdtcr
for cultivarion

n
n

agronomist
agricultural
knowledge

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n
v

rule; regimen
hold meeting

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f&4Fcy
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based
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as desired; to
heart's content
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the podium
8&93&
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person
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n
piano competition
safeguard
r
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pianist
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poinciana, gold
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mohur
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war
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afforestation
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investigate;
pleasant
make enquiries
mean

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profitability
economist

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times, -fold

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teacher; male
teacher
nurse; female
teacher

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drug; medicine
medical treatment
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chewingtabacco
medical
hospital
hospitalize

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c a ~ d 6 4n ~ cigarette
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addict
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sa-d6cmoSpn smoking

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part that
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liaison ofl'iccr
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help
stall; kiosk

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n

continuously
contact
communication

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keep shop
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shopkeeper

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communication
station (post of-

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on to

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rn

doctor

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abandon
relinquish
achievement
capability

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Posts and Tel-

poverty
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v descend
v promote, carry
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out
cxnEy?i
n motto
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accoin plish;
cany out; pursue;
undertake

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rice
good intention
subcommittee

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decide

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admonish,
rn~inc~l
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leader of a tenhousehold unit

discuss; speak
out
pull; draw

attraction

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win

provisions
offered to
monks

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birth
racial prestige,
pride of ancestry

dc%:m&cne

ad~
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n pride in
national herilage
luxury car

3.

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market
be costly

q:m046

market
market-oriented
economy
Royal Zegyo
Market

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n
n
n

q:y;

q:~vz:q

L
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be in accord
fac.Ap86:m:
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banquet
11
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sIE:d)Eo8
n midnight
d8z:n
n at night
qd@
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up to
adv evenly
p;@:~qyU:SKS

v
v
12
12

n
n

rally around concertedly

coordinate
discuss
coordination
instruction;directive
director
director gmera1

s
pt+EC13

adj departmental

cn

I
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market superinLenden r
auction
fair price
shopkeeper

night
formal dinner;

n
n

~.

quiz

mfoSoajuoS adv
030%~

m&~mh:

md~rnd n

~ 1 3 & ~ ~ @I E 6

ox$j

rz

O X ~ : ~ &

undeviatingly,
steadfastly
'third
3 I d standard
third floor
~hirdtime
pupil.
be thoroughly
tilled

muq:+:

my6

mht.:a=?
m6p:o08

prosecute

mv:amc~ n

F.

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till after planting to aerate

soil
the accused;
defendant

justice

high court
adj legal
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Chinese Communist Party
I1
China
adv in wonder
n
the celestial
abode of
Tavarisma

OSnilk

zit-and-run
v combat
n eradication
adv directly

d)B:m60?:33pSqnS
m$cq:2

decadent alien
culture

4f:~pqin5

measure men^
regional com-

4f:qz:m:
42:p:u-f

mander
national

qScg:nE

native entrepreneur

dif:911:

carry

mq.

msrnpq:

m{m:

v
n
n

send; export
propose; present

11

nation building
process

II

n
mn~m~:c3u tl

d$f:~$:~ n

native-born female

the whole world

sink

$:pcy

world economy

basket
content

msqd3Cd

n
n

~ubit
kiUy region,
hills

mbq&$

,010
the whole body
1'1, kyau:

m&@-

each time
one by one
only one; one
and oilly
adv once
adv gradually, bit by

~
n southern
~
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part;

south

m E q

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$jc{:

m E c d

mE:&8
m E

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dif:4~~2!6\

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part every

mEmnS

11

promotion anti
lt
sdvancen?c~r
advancernell~
~:mdp
pi
c7?Qqd rr university
mdEp adv actively
mdcspd
v attend

ppm UP to
n division

direct planting
r a w an analogy
aresent

annex
improve;
progress

4f
42:

..

mf :

4:md
6{w:crl:

r~ilding
-rge

philatelisr
bridge
word denoting
inclusion in ii
group
increase
expand, broaden

Tavarima

gve moral
mpport by
zending
ked; nourish

exactly
correctly and
concisely
ddcoE:mE: adv explicity
oScaE
v
devise; develop
Pa* word emphasi~ing finali~y
only when
door
medal
stamp

the event of
Lord Buddha's
descent from
duty; responsibility
person on duty
take responsibility
be responsible;
be incumbent
upon
official
responsible
person
prevent; d e ~ e r
suppression
prohibit
forbiddance;
ban; prohibition

adv precisely;

cosmw:

12

cultivator,
farmer, peasant

-E:qqd

demand

016~9~8:%
mS?m$:

missm
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m&gmS~

1 1 I

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ill

, ; ,; I

1'11 I

following this
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m$:b&

m i ? % ' ? = P a n word denoting

v

m6o&mScu6:

in a way

&&&&

allusion
able, adeplpart
word suffixed to
a verb to denote
some trait or
tendency

:I;
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O35$oE

member of a certain military unit

or corps; mem-

mQq4:3cBS

all along,
throughoul

03doc-d
mdod

armed forces

03$+88@cy n

marker

be worth
worth
tonnage
value, price

~mqdcv

6@

@:w:c~

a 4 valuable; price-

a-&9&T
do&

n
;:ay
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commander-inChief of De-

Defense Services Museum

Military Intelli-

telephone
telephone
number
find; know

equality

q.=q=Q:=a:
v
..aw%
q:8

confer, discuss
see; find

v think
part lot

Secretary

mdud353:yp:n

transportation

03&,-JqSaj:-03
n ~elecoms-95

mcs:

m{:q$qp
036...m$:c333

become extinct

n
n

&&a y&a03+n

mb6qprh

fade out
partly cloudy

5:8:%S
unilateral action
mbyq:@:p adv with a difference
mbt&cmx~: n the whale

personDivision Corn-

~ ~ Z " T Y F ppm among; at; on; in

98:

4:

1,

sole
construct; set up
integrity

n
re

r;

equal righis
install; put on;
arm
tcam; sqitad;
corps: force

03

moE:m:
moE:d$E

rz

have dinner
food stall

c136d

cry out

moq

a d j eternal; per-

petual adv
always, forever

pan word denoting

dQ@:

present con~lnu- POMC&+~

ous condition
cB
ppm till, until
m+n;
cBqcrS
v affect; harm
d 3 ~ 4 3 ~ 6 q 3n injury
a3cc
&cT4p
adv effeclively
mZ6;
cqcancr
Y
establish
cozy&

stipend, g.-...

allOwance

5.

444.s

op:&:~@

distinction;
difference

~q:@

@6+&

adj distinctively
impressive
~ q : & c a n adv outstanding
a5
ppm inside
doaE
ppm in
ppm from
c$(qyp:)
n those (geople)
adv on that occasion
conj in that
conj so, therefore
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conj then; after h a t

49.

4,+$

a3C'j-p:

mEpp
OOC:
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4.s~d

adv fittingly; deservedl y

v think
v believe
v
v
a4
adv
n

OOe:msv&:+:

ti

mzf&&~$

n
n

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think; believe
well-known
famous
distinctly, pl;iinly
firewood

V:fP

broadcast;
spread, pro Pagate

T&cOb#j

v
v

issue, publish
publish and
distribute

&$:&:

renew; reaffirm

&am;:

n
n

top quality
beam

m&-8co:

v
v

provide
carry Out
wadition; custom

*:mS:

4~
qdgc,m

palm sugar
boiler

adj aglow
v control

&;:s&

m a d :

regulate, control, manage

presenre

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%$"A
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v
v
v
v

depart; leave
leave (for)
run away
has an output
n production
target
v leave
v till
thrive, lloul-ish,
prosper

dc+cCI:
n

qT:mtr

adj rising

&h:336:ccy

grand, splendid
v put in, pack
mi!
030-3m{%
v fear
~ j & c > + n~ ~panic

cp&&

in thousands

~9~64

produce

&+$

single fagot slovc

as firewood

thousands
Thai
adv grandly; with
prestige and
dignity

L'

&{&qcu&

9&

9OS(4
cpOSqs

declare
take out; extract

1 m$:c;U$91"5
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gather firewood

a$d~c:

,$

rs

m$m$olo?

T&E&@e

cp&co

cccnEsc;lZ:

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conj in addition.
moreover
conj therefore
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j
in addition, besic!t.s
that
~ : Q I @ ~ EFZ ~ offensive
c?:cmcrS
v
penetrate
md
conj (more, greater)
than

'i-

mE:-

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publish; extract;
take oui
issue

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n
n

deximal
degree college

n
n

democracy
Second World

War

q&w?&ql&@:n lieutenant
general

i&wa&yU:@:n Lieutenant
colonel

po5wg1,c& n

Second Capildl

,
,

.
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deputy minister
second time

aru&E&

local community
regional development
dollar,$
doctor
refugee
injury, wound
be wounded

C3ru$$-JFCC1:
next biggest
concern, second
most important
thing
durian
local

c+Tc\~
c3ldcm

?caY!2

3oS6-p
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resident
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effects of the
sun's torrid heat

9h\

have to
place; area

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n solar stove
adv still

y..Cfh?%:
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44?3ff
433d

n
n

at a time when
house; home
day

4
4

udj foreign
n foreign exchange

42q+:,:y:u&~:o?:
JDSq&qma, n Foreign Anti-

narcotics Community
c *
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adj foreign affairs

$&$+qy~?3

?$tmnn

foreign policy
udj international

4ZCmcm

d&q n

international
relations

I.

ecq

,-

fi

custom; tradition
photograph

flashlight
03CIS4Ekchemical ferlln
n

ypll&Eq8:
adv within days
y.q:4&& n special occasion
daytemperature

165mmdd
9Q

~ & s ~

a'eww0r1d
order

II

country; state;

name
adj famous
n 0' clock; hour
V
recover, rev per-

understand,

fi

understand! ,g

PI

the nearest;

Pafl word indicating

every country
all over the coun-

people who have

country; State

total countries

+&cv

-F
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politics

d$a=
qcol:

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826,

I:rn&&
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n

+z6-096:
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v

qJpq:t@:

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grievance
a little
technique
ways and means
t$:ma:~?:~dn five means
t2?:mS:mq ndy properly
$
n various means
q$:~oc3
n regulation

t4:a3&4$:

n
v

celestial god
reign

i
1
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8 h

v
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p3od

fi

.P~G

9 Jc[36mS98: n

i +dmd
f

SLmner paddy
v remind; urge
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go, continue
PPm with; according
to

conj and
concerning; in
connection with
) F o d d c m
regarding
PPm according to, in
)Fa$
keeping with
9F-2
P P ~with
PPm in proportion to,
in keeping with,
in as much as;
while

92:d

+:gc:

rose
latter part

palace building

P:Y$

compare

walled precincts
of the royal palace
below
border area
ambit; scope

94

year
9JGo)Es
n 50thAnniverSarY
9s~$
yearly; annually
p fcoic!:
n total years
) $ ~ 1 d : ~
adv
: ~ for many y e ~ s

region, territory,
area
local battalion

ts~dm$
$6-

n anniversay
adj annual

qdad

mid-year

+dmdq:

*a':

n New Year
n the two
+q:
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*q:an:

4838:

v
n

greet

rate
subdue

rate

0
opco:

$Fod&d

n
n

q+:%z:

tCB

$e:

n
n
9 2 : ~ ~n
q$:mS:
n

9c4s-i, n

tives
every citizen
different c o u p
tries
lose

tdry
t2?:3&

to-3
i

8:d
3

objec-

area

@
5

teach, educate
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opco:

educational and
exhortative message; bulletin

o p c y
opcypc-

n
n

education
educational
stand-point

Ministry of
Education

n
n

upgrading education standards

artist

study

o p c y

06@:m
%FP?
@w:cy
o ~ 9 2

op~8@

06mce

o?${8ge

n adj first
003Qq.md&
n firstday cover

0030036:

0030mB&
n

first time
n feudal times
adj crucial, pivotal

OW+D&

09q-

l'anarrlian
registered
oCYP~v~a v
end: eradicate
part as; like
ow
o\&i
n audience
n bamboo basket
042:
fitted with a
tumpline
J
v consist; include
part word denoting
politeness, inchsion, suggestion

opw:p&~032

order, etc.

o&+j-d:

right to pregnancy
charter

0030

fust

dm

JY

con. if
inciuding

oleqj+
o

professor
if only

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-?

o'I
7~
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I
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n specialist; expert
v include
conj in spite of;

pate, take part

in;.~. l -a v

though
include; partici-

.lo"$

ul0d@~:.u6:

cooperate
take an active
Part
participate; take
part in
take part in
form
contribute
which include
spread hood
pearl
ceremony of
making a devotional offering
intense heat
joint meeting
cooperate;
combine, join
together
cooperate

y:c~Id:olozy
y:=ld:oojJ
y:cdz:aa.
co

w:m:

n
v
n

participation
mutual exchange
combined team

n
v

foot
-award; give

v
..

v
co:%E:

CUT

!?

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a d v more

gp+07:

adj worse

v
8
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I.

t:$p

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oso&yF

w?oS

w?dp

ocp$:a{:

microbe, insect
pests

op$::gsJg&P n

v
n
n

part emphatic parucle

oZog&o#dn inherent nature
oh&@
n sea
co?;:
n total figure
v cooperate
~olZ:qn5 v weed
v possess
4;

oE

right

.-

oo$:g65$

matters
. _ con__-_
cerning PIUPerty
division of
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s.l--..
PI
o g ~ g ~ ~ g

part classifier for

counting drops,
holes etc

ocp$

send
see off

be born
net
SdaT
private (comVRdm
pany)
adj private; individual
yg&mtq&cT: n private sector

SE%C

shell; fire
fifire-fights
..
thing; property;
material

n
ship and promote
closer ties
.-

'ia

Pay
granted
supply
make payment

legumes; beans,
grains and pulses
adj plentiful
n on; in
on
emerge, occur,
appear
on
arise, crop up;
turn up, happen,
develop; appear
from
on to
support; aid; help
be over, be more
has a greater
voice
adv m cre

fiutherfriend-

o~us~~fifj:

legumes

co?yp:

4 5fq&:4:

o6ad

--

property
ownership of
Droperty
owner

n genuine article
~o~:?P
qld8:ji(:4:pn property damage
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part numerical
classifier used
in counting
weeks

otd:~

WE+
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o&N$Nd:

u & G { : ~ ~

n ruby
a d v all around
n road along the
perimeter
n

surroundings;
atmosphere

peaceful environment

concern; pertain

0&0;:~z

ocrS=ud

.r,

ad02
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(93)

uf@::djdc$:v

04:

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n
(i
n
(id
n
adj
(iqa??
v
(icmPt$:
n
(i:
n
( ~ 1 1 a s q : ~n
49889
n

ban, stop, forbid

section (45)
appeal, urge
flower
jack-fruit
way
normal
regular
be apparent
fixed prices
can; container

adv on the average

n Museum Curator

E~~YIF
63

n
v

6..

exposition
demonstrate;
exhibit, display,
show

ash
turned blue

.,
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<.

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ppm word indicating

?@

. -

. .5
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completion of
an action
:
v accomplish
conj and; after
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completion
v complete,
accomplish
( Q d : p a g ~ n progress made
in implementin
(a task>

B:$:v:($?:
61

Elp

6lEE

61~Ed$:s36:v

v
v

&@c@Cr:&

6 1 ~ ~
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v
v

4:pco&

~ : % &

v
v

4+

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~:

BlQ

[~T+c&

b2905

Ec~ 3 r n ~c r n

Unior. of
My arL-aar
state:, ~refecture
foreign country;
outside the
country
peopls, citizens;
citizenry, pOpUlace

@o

6232

@q.ipA~cyd
8oSd
08=8cc(:

,,

pub:i: Relations
and f sychological %'-dare

(I

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6sy
136

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peoplz's Police
. + m ~ ~ , Forc 2
be fEii
pad word denoting

,,

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. .,
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v
n

@$:

k&$:@-&

corr;~ietion
have :been

136$+&3

run out
declare; comment

B d d p

reproach, condemn
condemn

'

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!

beridof
move
competition

1 .

4;:

. ., ,. .

ti,

.!.

G@~Q;

term

.5-

rection
E ~ G ~ ~
n @
Home
: Minister

adj serving prison

--

been made
be alleviated
athletics

speak, say;
comment,

preparation
outside

680

@&mzll&q

"C

@hB:
-:q+y
n internal insur-

b8mB

nurse, care for

repair, renovate
repair and
maintain
alter
do; make; carry
out; render

276

address; state;
disclose;

+-&Kq

n end
conj after
do; allow

Q:cgnd

proclaim
n spokesman
v call upon,
43034
speak, say,
comment
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spokesman
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v prepare
v repair;prepare

8:%:

happy
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4 8 8 ~ adv happily
(iiFme
v build up; nurture
yjd8:
v be d~stroyed
q~d8:~
n damage
8 " S 8 : ~ 7 ~ S v: fall into disrepair
v disappear
9d Cad
+qjd
v disappear
qld:3I

Pyu Culture
entertainment

+a8

&
&+a:+:

exact punitive
duties
country

adj domestic
within and 0"'side the country

f ulfflied

6$4-

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.,

:,

..

I!
r;!,l:
&!;.
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. ..

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er~3kationof
pros;i:ution

p$cq

664cqsc{:

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prositution

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660

v
v
v

E d :
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1
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n
EdconnSES: n

EWV
616.~
61d..uT
3
I
E$a&

ECm$
EJm$q&

attain; fulfil
be flooded
(be) laden
enact; promulgate
provision
stoppage of

EJm$
m$-&

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6{-$=;86:yn
El+:&:

EIJ:d:y

9
aq6:e:

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1

rebuild

~ ~ ~ o o Q nQ $convalescent
:
home
Egm$Y FPSlan:crF
aC@cvPIFQ:n Directorate of
Resettlement

problem
drop
drop off
word to indicate
repetition
be joined together again
review and
reflect

-.ah

violate;
transgress

v
s++~~&
n
s & @ : ~ : n~
v
8dceT
g&ce~L6$ n

8&@:

EJ-2

SUPF~Y

n
v
v
Part

adv in return
v replant

v
n
n

recuperation
be depleted;
become extinct;
be exterminated
depletion
event; occasion

adv on the spot

invite
invitation
invitee
invite
invitationdtournarnent
create,improvise

egos:
egos:

m$-&

v
v

od:&:
0d:&:~8
4:$:
eSp:uQ

44

c
oeC

father

OQ~=U$

n
n

father's name
cup

om:
m

*d

n
v

n carton
part numerical classi-

embody, represent, express,

manifest, portray, render

pice; reveal; express; prescribe

value; price
worth
joint venlure

fashion show
break, infsngc

v
n

sufficient

@dqc/S

278

investigate
state; point out;
report; hold; de-

6+32
hiad
hics;:-z6zv
v

create
catch; seize
@P
seize
cover shroud
banish
@&3ncfi
entertain; amuse E8q07

'2

entertainment

66mmq4

q:c&E&

[3da2:

44

abduction
answer; solve
(problem, quiz,
etc.)
solve
settlement

v
PI

v
v
v

&d

b{&lp

~+&IFGV

~&COGO:

&
v

ndj broad; straight

I, If'

111,'

about normal
above normal
below normal
will have to be
to become
W ~ is
O

6%

either.. . or
be a must
to become

happen, occur
happen; occur

6%
h6Ernd

v
v

happen
it had been

thrive

@CUT

4.139

r r
%PIC"

is; be; being;

become; cause;

lj9332
...him conj

@:for~8:

adv torrentially,
abundantly

glz@

aid; fulfil a need

cut-off
distribute
distribution
distribute
distribution
setup,form,or-

:
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$.&qtj$m+

$.mu:

~).@FY

v
n
n

develop
development
development

adj developed
n growth

@-&ti
ca&yrndq v

@.BFcv

underdeveloped
development

v
v
v

open
open; hold
open

~t9~
8+q6~~:

..

djtmdfc(:
nAcu3:

m&cg

(name>
central
committee
Bangkok Post
Buddhist, Code
of Law

state, condition
mxnq
religious affairs
mm$
subject, discipline
n pagoda
3?=P
3 2 8 ~ o s o 3n~ ~ geophysics station
330

n
n
n

noSam&&;iq.

&;:El
&+a$:

n&mqZ:

--.

all-round development

--

o
-Z
- cudcs8

V=vbX\~
general knowledge
centr a1
committee
center

nnS)$@v

Bay of Bengal
bank deposit
L2

baht (Thai currency)

pgmm23q:

raw opium

m&u3pC[)m&&p

.n . fund
-- - - - - raising
n

basketball
opium fumes
heroin

n
n

4 ~ ~ 4

whatever; anything
I

s-+c:rumc
v-

4x3

convocation
hall

.BS:&=Xy ,Fmqsdly
20~3

$dql8yIF@:
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?d~ll:911J

@%P

-:aq*

rj

Special Maniage
and Inheritance
Act for Buddhist
Women
Senior General
major
brigadier general

n&+

oe&a$

Brahmasupreme
dei ry

show mercy;
spare
w:cQ~~&$
tc,,safety
~ J C ~ : ;r
EoctDz.'l
n v01leybalI
6):m&ccl:

part
ca
Q@@c&m u ' v

all-round development

not
recently
not to cause difficulty
irrespective of
adj unsuitable
v a b z d o n unfairly
not like
V
v not equal

o m ~ d o adj
n
odjs

unsightly
before

uo1dG$8

yc6m$

Qry8
43qG

oo3Scm

~ocyp&

g d d

notextinct
before promulgating
adj not less
v

to preserve; to
keep alive
before doing sth
be not resolved

underdeveloped
area
negative particle
abnormal condition
conj before taking
(over)
without receivv

not be; not have;

does not happen;
halt

'

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undesirable
88%6:3n:
n
no longer needed 8841J )
n
do not know, (be) 8 8 4 ( 4 ) n
unknown
88~333
n
s c ~ d q d adv in a manner
aro~singsuspiQagd
n
cion
886
swn
adj great
am:?
n
swn~acco: n Greater Mandalay
be not
it is not
Sm:?$:c,.psty n
guava
8m:o&:coc6
L
crocodile
d.E~..l:
n
crocodi J e hunring team

am:.

80x1 000

crocodile pen
mother
mother's milk
breastfeed

Maternai and
Child Wslfare
Association
queen
ones' beloved

a:#:

8 : d
8:cd

8:g
8:gx8$

r2

n
n
n
n
n

8 : c q : ~ ~ :2
y3a:9

ones' capablity
ones'
we
region one lives
in
ones'
ones'
family
family's health
requirements
family finances
family improvement
800 meters
smoke
flame
volcano
stove
maternity leave
disasterfrom fire
charcoal briquettes
rape
word used to dissociare a noun
preceding it from
the statementfollowing it; if
depend on

vm$d

ndv according to

$:cc$g

P*

adj original
n primary school
n policy

%:ccoos

ycurn{:vh:
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POT 3

n
n
p : r u & ~ : ~ 7 n:

Pa6,

on principle
narcotic drugs
narcotics,
narcotic drugs

o:mQu3:
n

y:mdsq:
-

mfQp&pn

Antinarcotics
Special Squad
y:w&Pq:m~.n Antinarcotics
Special Squad
n question
w:%4:

a*&

cassia

P ~ ~ : ~ T n~ $right to vote

.-

&&w$

%=J
8:

motor car
motor vehicle
Molla brand
rain
v rain heavily
n drought
n drought

n
n
n
n

n
n
v

dry zone
monsoon rice
rain with thundery conditions
increase of rain
monsoon

rainfall
meteorology sta-

.n

adi- tion
meteorological

g:c*033
4&w"5

meteorological
observation
v rain heavily
n mangosteen
n actor; star

q:m$:mikP
08:CQd
Q$:=WX

drn8m8:
~ Y f r n s ~ An

&:+8
arJ+Zae&&:

y(P-

y&u&

(offahusbandand
wife) the sharing
of responsibilities

(ofmotor, engine,
etc.) run; drive

v
n
n
ppm

drive away
mile
Mr.
will, shall

iron what; which;

where
(not) at any tinle;
(never) once
part (which, that) will
n friend
m moilsoon

Q $ z o $ s Q ~ ~ ~ ~

Q&
Y+-

4"W
wWrf6

wP&f;rrJn

n
v

compassion
request
complimentary;
sth given gratis

Mandalay Hill
Mandalay City
Royal Capital of
Mandalay

(lr:V
=Y='

a woman's propriety cannoi be

bought off with
gold (saying)
word indicating a
plentiful amount
adv very; greatly
drift
v
n species; seed;
kind, type
quality stock
patriotism
patriohx

nurtrarir.g dynamic patriotism

plant seed
seed pl=rer
new generation
milt
frontage
present
ttle present
soil; earth;

81-4

temtory
planet earth;
world
ground floor

64y9E6dQ98
t$ : " ~ 9 - 3 3 4
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BLP

n town
~ l . y @ l . ~ ' 9nP : townspeople
81.33"
n new settlement
or satellite town
n prerequisite for
a town

gdgs:
62
6 2 ~ .
68333
@~n:

n
v

northern part
see; view, regard

v
v

see; experience
become apparent

6ecn:~
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Around the City

Relay Races
mayor
City Golf
Course
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66
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adj high; noble

n upgrading, im-

r'
u

C)QW
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n
n

river
Buddha
Union of
Myanmar

6 4 4 8 2 n Myanmar
@+8~q&:t:(&S+y
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Department of
Research in Science and Technology, Myanmar
Myanmar King

E4~na4p8:n
4
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upgrading
n horse
~ & & : ~ : n~ i m
culvert
:
g1Z@I+8+S"d' plenteously,
profusely, lavishly; exuberantly, joyously,
spiritedly

[3T-q2

provement

city development

prerequisite for
a city
entire town

township
supply

'&on

B ~ ~ ~ c on
: c ~
town water

map
plain
uncultivated
land
fertilizer
town
city
city, capital
great city,
metropolis

Mayor's hnara-

Commission
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Office of the Foreign Investments

3[?42r.ndr6u0dl ~ 3

Myanmar
woman
Myanmar national or man

Myanmar Gem
Act

6 8 4crS(u~crS ~
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k+vbmd@n

Myanmarte*torial waters
&b?83:adf Myanmar 12s
joint ventur;
company
&&-.;
n confines of
Myanmar s :.:ety

6(b);)m@:

a&o$

conj only if
except
PPm subjective case

Y==O

'P

03
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03P
03W6

marker

paH

panicle
order; instruct;
leave instruction
place order
be wrong

myPo]

we2
038203

eZodq
Myanmar ~ 2 - 5"'
v
paH noun forming
torical Cornzls- P

weE+L

sion Memb::

6C998S
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fi

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9:cpd
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dance (as a S: .x ydmd:mc'

n
v

particle
landmark
put on record

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traditional
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by custom

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East Yangon
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traditionally

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human, people

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f"

confirm

&Qdql"f n
o8moqoS+:n

the primary aim

primary requirement

~ 8 4 d
s8&

endure, last
meaning; implication

future
near; by

9%:

o+ueqqq%

adv near

fine arts grant

D + U ~ $ n artist
of
~ + u ~ s : 8 : Department
Fine
~ nArts

-sm$cqpd

(88:)
n
SCBOS~N~. n

utilityjade
pmic

~ & & m ~ i

final examination
teacher in charge
of a class
amJ:o$&
adv in rows
3ic0i):ac~T n concept
3 ~ 6 n~ lots

8 1i 1

major role
pdmaly responsibility

pm&mj:

~?*94S

1 1

G~%w

peoplein panic

1 ) $ & : 3 9 ~ n commemoration
~&S:~~oSoj;8S
4&4568:
n commemorative
cancellation of
stamps

"c94c

part as

=c+++j.~

PQd as

sc9@

part as
fl
situation; position; shape of
things

SC+P~):
3aq&

cnrri

scvq.Jo5~6 n

ppm .:lui
of, from

~ 5 i'ii
:

south west
I'
I

QPw$KS n
3188~0~05
v

Nofiwest Cornmand
bully; harass
make sacrifice

=B18=48

a d v in competition

=E$ij$48@j
~b$ij$.88~

with
international

in the name of..

:.

~a T P

in naming
_-

L--II-.:-

mzjority

3a01)3)08
xsl:

=~44

=ij$E$.88v
all parts of the & 3 c & a u d : n International

country
a d v all over
including
p ~ r t numerical classifier

temperature
=ym@:
a d v urgently
sy{8:c333 n dry zone
=COT
PPm on
=coTmd
n upstairs; gallery

1I

=qo9$:
3x01 d

spare parts
hole
=uEail&
v sedling
s o B d d p { : n growth rate
-o&nd
v germinate
acolz:
n total
={B
n (territorial)jurisdiction; ward
s g S 8 : ~ ~ v be hijacked
320:
odv to completion
=8:={8
adv completely

n
n

Red Cross

~8$E$.88~

+f~q~

=@Jay{

4-

=f:033

=q:m&&j

%5

Interpol
a d v completely
a d v mutual

342

n
n

a$.

=$.08
=@,0848t

=@.=Q$:

"J):
=ndndy

n
n
n
n

'

'.'

bey4
=6$+
a69
=EC+:
--

height
.
.. . .
n highjump
adj highest
v swiftly
a d v as quickly as possible
'

men

d Y S

national motto
NationalTheatre
national affair

=m
:r$ifc:y
C M O ~

3aYm&:

n
n

m2g$

/CJ) n
ayjc8cb
adv
=y408
adv

r,

Gy4:~&n

=C~@:M

udj
v

national duty or
concern

acyq

nationalaimsand
objectives

8
:
msT8y

acJL;m:cci:
n

national characteristic

ppm

scFq&

= c ~ q

3a*m:Cy

*cr;l-

=%-8

=I

m(81pm.

sqFm:T

heritage

=qFm:

3)

tory

answer
solve
as; being
organization;
group; contingent, etc.
member
member state
body; organization
grandfather
in every aspect

mnnv

=qI:m8:q n womenfolk
= ~ ' $ 3 ) 8 : ~ r: women
34338:
9q6Y~
I female worker

ppm for
adj valuable
n precious land
adj priceless

=B:U@&~~M
~4
n
=4q& v

..

various types
actlapS
n
woman
3~p~m:
a 0 O- - ~ " " women
v
~ P Y Y : c w ~ young
-:
=u?:d3:&
r- - - --- - n
n
ward for women:, =
- p n
women's dormi- k-,,,
P\Y
n

m~Pt:rnd:
-11----

=@=o

..

'sc@d

nauona prestige

a@
--

T6q6

98

us dollar

conj besides

~~+=dkf+d+:

S&jg.y6U3:
n

=e:dPfl n
v

=GCT&n

give address
note
incident
executive
staff
open acase
No (2/92)
actually
truly; indeed
according to; in
accordance with
number: xnount
important
takeaction
sanctions
fracture
found
beautiful hue
quality gemstone
such zs imperial
jade

'

l'!;

, ?I,

'I

iII f,
dl
I !

/I

I
1

,
I

,,

v
n

aqdmc&#

good quality
dawn

~smq$

Central

Corn-

n
,vJ&w

T+w
n
n
ao%c~nZg& n

leaf, sheet
different sizes
south east

ay$q

a d v in turn

aY6:ow:

be not too distant

n
n
n
n

mfiiayiq
mmmb)

v
n

increase momenturn, accelerate;

intensify
gain momentum
No2, Middle

srnm(9)

N04, Middle

ppm according to
v assign work law
~ ~ S J J Qn female worker
av6a46 n business
adj central, middle

entrance
am:@
commercial jade
awareness
a d u p
knowledge;
awareness
adayoShl v recognise
ad:&
adj each and every
a=c&(e)p&
n nine year-old
9(jcT:op

vocational train-

==Aq:

lifeblood

age:=@

age (point of time

4n
=={am{

~$B:sf5:
amdQ&

n
n

Middle School
central part

life in danger
n a moderate
mount
n community
adj new; next
v use; apply; ex-

n
n
n
n

use; follow
commonly used

. -in this way -

all and sundry

restrictions

refrigerated container
power
guarantee

eon

..

.:

egg; roe

2 0 ~ 3 " ~ S

before the law

20mb&:91c& n
2 4
n

legal enactment
garden, orchard

honorific title
I

ppm dative/ objective

classifier for
case marker
counting persons
m:me
n sports
m:mw.od n female athlete
$:eel8:
n head
m:03w:-pn
world of sports
$:w:w:
v give preference;
emphasize
m:me
n sports activity
$:c?:cu:a%=~snpriority
v iead
m:03(D7:3Jb13:n
sportsmen; ath- $8:
letes
$ 8 : ~
n (government)
department
v

aim at; head for

n
n

number
acre

on

pT348{{&

a d v strenuously
=:=+$:c& adj weak; slight

603

m:am$am2 n

&CIOP:

moderate
strength

~3p:~d:
Eqdoo3

adj peaceful
n aurantia
n sphere of influ-

ence
housing; home

!i

a d ~ 0 ~ 3n

d
d o o 6

d g 2 :

-4
4

act
ppm under
n under
n stall; ground
floor
n lower part

picture below
n shirt; blouse
abco3c?E:qc&n concrete site
marker
aAcSS-~~w
iz
EnglishMyanmar
a8 s6,
n feature, status
aEqEf2
n engine oil
c
ac-:
n strength
aE-:@:dj
powerful
aE-:+$:
adj weak
c
ac:
n lake
mad
mnj to; until
n victory
d E 2
v succeed
d E E p adv successfully
df$e
n success; achievement

-43~
=.IN:
dfjSy
+2
a8c)

~t

n
n
n
PL

themostsuccessful
successful one
(s)
pond
elder sister

a$&
a$aC:d

II

44

n
n
n

TO%

=A@

Q4
n
~4~1Cfiwn

336
3

v
h

host
parlour
visitor
pile of bricks
danger; threat;
hazard

I1 1

- - - .-

11:
I

dignity
transgressions
against modesty
sleep

%Part
IV

n
96~84:~n
336
n

sleeping
child
guardian
house
338Oq8~p~cpCrsadv(deliver sth) to the
very doorstep
d6canE
n family part numerical classifier
$ S d d p n family matters
338ccmEq
v get married
3 3 8 d p 4 8 : n every family
$6fm*@1
v marry
d 8 d s : d : n head of the
household
33898
n house owner
33898.
n housewife
n member of a
338household

mccu:c&

25%

chairman

APPENDICES

Appendix A- ~bbi-eviations
'.

crdj
adv
conj

part

PPm

sth
v
MNA
AP
GEC
B.E.H.S
USDA

adjective
adverb
conjunction
noun
particle
postpositional marker
pronoun
somebody
something
verb
Myanmar News Agency
Associated Press
The Government Employees' Cooperative
Basic Education High School
Union Solidarity and Development Association

Appendix B- Numbers
first
second
third
fourth
fifth
sixth
sevenlh
eighth
ninth
tenth
eleventh
eighteenth
nineteenth
twentieth
twenty first
thirtieth
fortieth
fiftieth

Time

Days, Months and Seasons

12:OO

(noon)

1:OO

pm

3:OO

pm

6:00

pn

9:00

pm

1200

Days of the Week

Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday

pm (mid night)

1:OO

am

3:OO

am

6:OO

am

9:00

am

minute
second
hour
today
tomorrow
yesterday

The Months
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

"'1

The Seasons

c
B
6a33C:CpZO
c

szmc:za;,

+:q,S
+:29

APPENDIX D- The Myanmar Alphabet

,I

Hot season

Cold season

Rainy season

Appendix C - Directions

East
West
South
North
Southeast
Northeast
Southwest
Northwest

A brief history
Scholars have generally agreed that Myanmar alphabet originated from the
Brahmi script which was in use in India from about SOOBCto 300AD. King
Asoka, whose reign was at about the close of this period, the indefatigable
doer of meritorious deeds md propagator of Buddhism throughout India and
its neighbouring countries, probably paved the way for Indian scripts which
eventually made their way into the hands of many Southeast Asians who
adapted these into their languages.
Consonants
The Myanmar alphabet consists of 33 consonants and 12 basic vowels. Of
these 33 consonants, the first 25 are grouped into 5 groups according to their
place of articulation while the rest have no common place of articulation and
are therefore not grouped. Thus the consonans are traditionally presented in
this way:0,

q,

s 9

05,

Myanmar News Agency (MNA)

Associated Press (AP)
Reuters
MNA (Myznmar- News ,kgency)
Antara News ,4gency

2,

u,

m, a,3 ,
ti,

The Wire Services

( m
(
( q
9 ( m
G
( 0

rn, a, o , tu, c;

C9,

q,

Q,

0, 33,

m,

0 , 33,

m,

group)
group)
group)
group)
group)
g,

3;)

( non-group )

Four of the eight ungrcuped consonants. C ,q, cu, o combine with ~ t h e r

appropriate consonants either by itself or with up to two others,but in doing
so assurnea form viz. 4, E, z, ,,etc.differen? from theoriginal symbol. There
used to be a combined form with the character A, but this combinatior.
hecame obsolete during the Middle Ages
r?evo~velizers are very important in the spelling of Myanmar words,and
m&+ which means " the system of devov;elizing " litera!ly. is often used
as a term for spelling and orthography. This is because elision of syllables of
part of one, transference of intial, medial or final sounds from one

I
I

c o n s o m t o another within a group with acommon place of articulation often

occur in the pronunciation of Myanmar words. For example a wordlike it.'
h p ' (tealeaves) is commonly pronounced l'hpe'; the jasmine, written sumpe
is pronounced z'be; the word for dream ei 'me' pronounced eimmr.'
Traditionally, the ten devowelizers,05, c', 6 , f,&, j, &,A, 0.5, are taken
as devowelizers in the Myanmar language although there have been changes
according to different times. For example, wa. tha' 6, which was used from
the earliest times,became obsolete by the 19th century. Now, it is used only
r$6:1 lo@:). Anomer hoary
sometimes, in a specialized case (as in $$&:I
devowelizer, a. that a, also became obsolete in [he 16th century after firs1
assuming the form of a subscripted letter, as in ;L$, E S ~ : finally becoming
rr subscripted dot.(,)
However, since many Pali, Sanscrit, and English words have been
incorporated into the Myanmar language, it is not unusual to come across
devowelizers other than the aforementioned ten in a certain paragraph cf
writing. Moreover, in many of the words incorporated from Pdi, and some
Myanmar words written in Pali style, i.e., with either the saine letter
replicated or two from the same group written in tiered form, the upper
letter will act as a devowelizers even though no devowelizing pennant
appears on it as superscript.

5,

?GI ~ F=$I
I ~oJ'I r n ~ g
GW%GI c9sll
Finally, it rnight be worth mentioning that,
d
nga. rha', is sometimes written in the form of an atrophied si;pr~rc:-ipi
as in ZO&+:IZO+I zA11 3 3 t h
#
the tiered double ka sometimes appear as a single one as in, 01q l ~

eg.

6333@

in words of Pali origin a big cya. appea&g 3.itcr ;i ccr;scinanias inon-<:

ez
should be treated as two smai! nj'a. in tandem;
that big tha. is two tha. in tandem as in, mx>oi 23L'UCp:; ; r ~ +
.
the conjunct of and s assume the form of s as in 23~1 9;
the conjunct q and u take the form y as in rmiyopi91

3apz

Vowels
There are 12 basic vowels of which some have alternate forms and these are
shown in brackets where appropriate as follows:=, g(G),
Z(?), ;(q)Y +=), 3% lg--)Y
~@(6&),
35,+11
The absence or insertion of tone marks (-), (:) and (- :) are important as it is
a tonal language and the meaning of a word often changes v. :;h the change in
tone.
eg- 3 323 323:
3

d($),

33

3%

etc
Alphabetical order
Alphabetical order begins with the first consonant ka.m t a u g h suc~essive
letters to a. =
Within a certain letter, aphabetical order consists of thess 5rcps:-the letter by itself, as initial n.
-the consonant in combination with the twelve basic yot:&-zlsin the order
shown above. Within a combination of the consonant and .?.c;welwhere tone
marks are appropriate, progression is from nil to one, thei. two.
- combinations with devowelizers follow, proceeding i s n g the general
trend described above. When more than one voss,el is involved in
combination with devowelizers, the vowel order is followed in
combinations involving the same devowelizer. Those combined with
conjunct consonants either in tiers or in tandem are pjr:.zd in the same
s t leading
sequence as the comparable devowelizer as the ~ p p - ~ o or
consonant performs the work of a devowelizer as discussc.2 above.

Punctuation
The ( 11) and ( I ) signs are used as a full stop and comma respectively. A
comma may be used in grouping numbers in thousands or millions, etc. and
in punctuating Pali words written in Myanmar characters, but such employment is generally not found in journalistic prose.
Quotation marks, various brackets, the virgule (solidus), asterisks, ellipses
and dashes may be used where appropriate.
The exclamation mark and question mark are not used since an interjection
or a question is indicated by the context. A question mark, however, might
be used sometimes to express uncertainty, doubt or objection about sth.