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12 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
Zhdj;jpYk]/ Md;kPfj;jpYk; cah;e;j ,lj;ij tfpg]ghd;.
mtDila bgah]/g[fH; fpHf;fpypUe;J nkw]F tiu cah]eJ;
gue;J tphpa[k.; ” vd;W Rgr; bra;jpia Twpdhh;fs.;
,khk; ; mQkj; u$h u$pay; y hQ%md; Q %
mth; f spd; Muk; g epiyf; fy; t p
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp mth]fspd;(gp!;kpy;yh
fhdp) Muk;gepiyf; fy;tpapy; ele;j Ritahd rk;gtk; ,J.
Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp mth] f spd;
khpahijf;Fhpa Mrphpah] j!;kpahit brhy;ypf; bfhLj;jhh].
gpwF mypg]/ ng/ nj vdr] brhy;yr; brhy;y Myh Q$;uj;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fs; jpUk;gr; brhd;dhh;fs;.
“yhk;mypg;” vd;W te;jJk; Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp
bksdkhfp tpl]lhh]fs;. Mrphpah] jpUk;gj; jpUk;g brhy;ypa[k;
mikjpahfnt ,Ue;jhh;fs;. Q$;uj; my;yhkh u$h fhd;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp/ Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp
miyQp mth]fis nehf;fp “kfnd cd; Mrphpah] brhy;tij
ftdpj;J jpUk;gr; brhy;” vdf; Twpdhh]fs;.
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fspd;
bksdj;jpd; fhuzj;i ; j mwpe;Jf; bfhz;lhh] my;yhkh u$h
fhd; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp. mJahbjdpy;/ Kjy; ghlk;
fw;gpf;fg]gLtJ XbuGj;Jf;fisg; gw;wp/ Mdhy; “yhk;mypg;”
<buGj;J nghy ,Ug;gJ gw;wp MFk;. Q$;uj; my;yhkh u!h
fhd; uQkJy; y hQp miyQp bjhpe; j pUe; j hh] f s; / ,e; j
jaf;fj;ij (tpdhit) bjspt[gLj;JtJ fodkhdbjhd;W/
,Ug] g pDk; Twyhdhh] f s; . “kfnd! eP|] f s; epidg] g J
cz;ikahd Tw;Wjhd; ,Ug]gpDk; Kd;djhf eP|]fs; Xjpa
“mypg]” cz;ikapy; xU “Qk;rh” MFk;. ,g;bghGJ eP|]fs;
XJtnj mypg]. mypg] vg;bghGJnk xU “rhfpd; ” MFk;/
Mdhy; mfuthpirg;go (Alphabetical order) xUth] “rhfpid”
Muk;gk; bra;aKoahJ. mjdhy;jhd; mfuthpirapy; “mypg;”
f;F Kd;dhy; “yhk;” tUfpwJ.
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 13
,ij Th; i kahf ftdpj; j Myh Q$; u j;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp “eP|f ] s; brhy;tJ nghy; ,Ue;jhy;
Vd; ntW vGj;Jfs; te;J “mypg;” Kd; nruf;TlhJ. “yhk;”
kl;Lk; nrUtjw;F fhuzk; vd;d> vd;W tpdtpdhh;fs;. ,ijf;
nfl;l Q$;uj; my;yhkh u!h fhd; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp
bka; r pyph] j ; J re; n jh#j; j pd; cr] r j; j py; Myh Q$; u j;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fisf; fl;og]gpoj;Jf; bfhz;L
my;yhQ;tplk; mth]fSf;fhf Jth bra;jhh]fs;. gpd; tpilia
gpd;tUkhW Twpdhh].
ghh]gg ] jw;F ,uz:L vGj;Jf;fSk; xnu khjphpahfj;jhd;
,Uf;Fk;. ,uz:Lnk btw;W (Empty) MFk;. ,uz:Lnk nrh]eJ ;
vGjpdhy; Tl ghh]g]gjw;F xnu khjphpahfj;jhd; ,Uf;Fk;.
mjDila juj;jpy; (Quality) tUk; bghGJ “yhk;” vd;gJ
“mypg] ” f; F ,jakhft[ k ; / “mypg] ” vd; g J “yhk; ” f; F
,jakhft[k; khWk;.
,e;j jUzj;jpy; cz;ikapy; ele;jJ vd;dbtd;why;
Q$; u j; my; y hkh u$h fhd; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp
mth] f s; / Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp
mth] f Sf; F mwptpd; thriya[ k ; / Md; k Pf
cs;Szh]tf [ isa[k; jpwe;J itj;jhh]fs;.
rpWtajpy; jf; t h (gagf; j p)
jd; kPJ nehd;g[ flikapy;yhj tajpy; Myh Q$;uj;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp nehd;g[ nehw;f Mirg]gl]L] nehd;g[
itj;jhh]fs;. me;j uk;$hd; khjk; kpFe;j btapy; fhykha;
,Ue; j J. Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp
mth]fSila je;ij kt;yhdh efp mypfhd; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp
miyQp btapypd; c#;zj;ij czh]e;jth]fsha; rpwpJ
czt[ tiffis vLj; J f; bfhz; L / Myh Q$; u j;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fis miHj;Jf;bfhz;L xU
miwf;Fs; brd;W fjit jhHpl]lhh;fs;. jd; kfid rhg]gplt[k;
vd;W Twp/,|;F ahUk; c|;fis ghh]ff ; khl]lhh;fs;/ nkYk;
14 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
FHe;ijfs; ,g]goj;jhd; nehd;ig itg]ghh]fs; vd;whh]. mjw;F
Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp “ahUila
fl;lisf;fhf ehd; nehd;g[ itj;jpUf;fpd;nwndh mtd;
vd;idg] ghh]jj
; tdhf cs;shd;” vd;whh]. ,jid nfl;lJk;
mtUila je;ijapd; fz;fspy; fz;zPh] te;Jtpl;lJ.
Myh Q$; u j; uQkJy; y hQp miyQp 6 tajpy;
jd; D ila Kjy; khh] f ; f brhw; b ghHpit ugpa[ y ; m t; t y;
khjj;jpy;/ egp !y;yy;yhQ%miyQp t!y;yk; mth]fspd;
gpwg]igg] gw]wp bjhl|]fpdhh]fs]. Rkhh] 2 kzpneuk; egpfspd;
bksY}J jiyg] g py; brhw; b ghHpit nfl; L kf; f s;
bka; k we; j dh] . Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp
brhw; b ghHpt[ epfH; j ; j pa tpjk; midj; J kf; f isa[ k ;
cykhf;fisa[k; btFthf fth]ej ; J.
fy; t pg; gapw; r p
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fs;
jpUf; F uhidj; jd; D ila 4 tajpy; Xjp Koj; j hh] .
my;yhQ%t[ila mUk;bgUk; Zhd Mw]wyhy; Myh Q$;uj;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp jd;Dila ,!;yhkpag] gog]ig 13
tUl|]fs;/10 khj|]fs;/ 5 ehl]fspy; Koj;jhh]fs;. mg]bghGJ
tUlk; Qp$;hp 1286 MFk;. Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp
miyQp mth]fspd; taJk; 13 tUlk;/ 10 khjk;/ 5 ehl]fs;
MFk;.
“my; $h rJ}h] u!;tpah” vd;Dk; E}ypy; Myh Q$;uj;
uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp TWfpwhh] f s; / “me; j tajpy;
bjhGif vd; kPJ fl]lhakhf ,Ue;jJ/ ehDk; #hpmj; rl]lk;
ngqtjpy; kpf Mh]tkhf ,Ue;njd;.”
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fs;
mog] g ilf; f y; t pia jk; je; i japlj; J k; jdJ
eLepiyf; f y; t pia $dhg] kph] r h Fyhk; fhjph] ngf;
mth]fsplj;jpy; fw;whh]. ,thplk; jhd; kPrhd; Kd;#mg] vd;w
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 15
g[ j ; j fj; i ja[ k ; gapd; w hh; . Myh Q$; u j; uQkJy; y hQp
miyQp ntW gyhplj;jpYk; fy;tp Zhdj;ij gapd;whh.
mtw;wpy; rpy Kf;fpakhdth]fs;...
1. Q$;uj; kt;yhdh mg]Jy;myp uhk;g{hp uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp
miyQp
2. n#f;nf fgPh/] Q$;uj; my;yhkh iraj; #h mg[y; Qrd;
mQkj; E}hp uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp
3. n#f;nf jhhpf;fh/ Q$;uj; my;yhkh iraj; #hMny
uNy; kQ;uutp u$pay;yhQ% md;Q%
4. n#f; mQkj; gpd; i$dp jQ;yhd; kf;fP u$pay;yhQ%
md;Q%
5. n#f; mg]Jh] uQ]khd; kf]fP u$pay;yhQ% md;Q%
6. n#f; Q%ird; gpd; rhypQh kf]fP u$pay;yhQ% md;Q%
Myh Q$; u j; u$pay; y hQ%jMyh
md; Q %tpd; Kjy; gj; t h ( khh] f ] f j; jPh] g ] g [ )
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fs;
jd;Dila khh]f;f gog]ig Koj;J mjpy; njh;r;rpg] bgw;w
ty; Y eh] vd; W rhd; w pjH; f s; bgWk; rkaj; j py; / Q$; u j;
mth] f splj; j py; xU tpdh nfl] f g] g l] l J/ jha; g ] g hyhdJ
FHe;ijapDila tapw;iw brd;wile;jhy;/ mf;FHe;ij
mg]bgz:zhy; tsh]ff ; g]gl]l FHe;ij MFkh> Mfhjh>
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fs;/
bjspthd Kiwapy; jd;Dila 13 tajpy; mHfhf gjpy;
brhd;dhh;f
; s;. “jha;gg
] hyhdJ FHe;ijapDila \f;fpd;
tHpahfnth my;yJ thapd; tHpahfnth FHe;ijapDila
16 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
tapw;iw brd;wile;jhy;/ mf;FHe;ijahdJ mg]bgz:zhy;
tsh;ff; g]gl]l FHe;ij nghd;wnjahFk;. nkYk; mf;FHe;ij
f;F/ mg]bgz:iz kzKog]gJ vd;gJ Quhk; MFk;.
Mjhuk; : my; ky;g{!;/ghfk; 1/gf;fk; 12
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fSila
bjspthd Zhdkpf;f gjpy;fshy; kfpH;t[w;w mtuJ je;ij/
gj; t h tH|] F k; bghWg] i g jd; D ila kfdplj; j py;
xg] g ilj; j hh; . jpdKk; E}w; W f; f zf; f hd gj; t hf; f is
fz: z paj; J lDk; / khh; f ; f g] bghWg; g [ z h; t [ l Dk;
tH|]fpdhh]fs;. Q$;uj;jplk; gjpiy bgWtjw;F mugp/ cUJ/
Qpe;jp/ ghurPfk;/ M|]fpyk; kw;Wk; gy bkhHpfspy; nfs;tpfs;
te;J bfhz;oUf;Fk;.
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth;fSila
gj; t hf; f isg] gw; w p g[ u @g!h; Dr.J.M.S. gy; $ d; /
,!; y hkpaj; J iw Muha; r ; r p/ yPld;
gy; f iyf; f Hfk; ( Qhyhe; J ) TWifapy; / “Myh Q$; u j;
uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp xU kpfg] b ghpa khbgUk;
mwpt[ff ; sZ;rpak;/ mth]fSila gjpy;fs; mwptpay; kw;Wk;
Md;kPf fz:nzhl]lj;Jld; xj;Jg]nghFk;. gjpy;fSf;fhd
Mjhu|; f s; jUk; tpjKk; / mthpd; tpthjKk;
gpuk;kpf;fjf;fjhf ,Uf;Fk;.”
Myh Q$; u j; u$pay; y hQ%jMyh
md; Q %tpd; ,y; t hH; f ; i fa[ k ; . FHe; i jfSk;
irajP Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp
jd; D ila 18 tajpy; / Qp$; h p 1291 (1874)k; Mz: L
fz:zpakpf;f ira;apjh ,h]#hj; ngfk; u$pay;yhQ%jMyh
md;Qh mth]fis kzk; Koj;jhh]. my;yhQ%jMyh
,e;j fz;zpakpf;f jk;gjpapdUf;F 2 kfd;fs;/ 5 kfs;fis
bfhLj;jhd;. 2 kfd;fSk; nghw;wj;jf;f khh]ff
; Zhdj;ija[k/;
rpwe;j mt;ypah my;yhQ; vd;w me;j!;ija[k; bgw;wdh].
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 17
\j;j kfdhh] Q%$;$Jy; ,!;yhk;/ Q$;uj; my;yhkh
kt; y hdh KQk; k j; Qhkpj; u$h fhd; E}hp gufhjp
u$pay;yhQ%jMyh md;Q% jk; je;ijiag] nghd;W fy;tp/
Zhdf;flypy; njh]rr
] pg] bgw;wth]. mz:zhh] mth]fs; Qp$;hp 1362
tUlk; 17 $khjpa[y; mt;ty; md;W bjhGJ bfhz:oUf;Fk;
nghJ cyf thH; f ; i fapypUe; J kiwe; j hh; . ,th; f spd;
g[dpjkpF k$hh] #hP@g] gnuy;tpapy; (c.gp) cs;sJ.
,isa kfdhh] fhyj;jpd; bfsJ/ Q%$%h] K@g]jpna
M$(z)k; Qpe;j; vd;w m#; #h ,khk; K!;jgh u$h fhd; E}hp
gufhjp u$pay;yhQ%jMyh md; Q % mth] f s; jk; K ila
mz:zzpd; tHpfhl]Ljypy; fy;tp Zhdf;flypy; njh]r]rpg]
bgw;whh]. Q%$%h] K@g]jpna Mrk; Qpe;j; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp
miyQp mth] f Sf; F 10 ,yl; r k; KhpJfs; cyfstpy;
cs; s dh] . Q$; u j; mth] f s; 15k; E}w; w hz: o d; K$j; j pj;
(,!;yhj;jpw;F cap+l]Lgth]) vd;Wk; miHf;fg]gLfpwhh].
mz: z hh] mth] f s; 14 bkhQuk; / 1402 Qp$; h papy; cyf
thH;fi; fapypUe;J kiwe;jhh;fs;. ,th]fspd; g[dpjkpF k$hh]
#hPg] gnuy;tpapy; (c.gp) cs;sJ.
Myh Q$; u j; u$pay; y hQ%jMyh md; Q % xU
Zhdf; f ly;
irajP Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp
mth]fs; jk; je;ijaplj;jpy; fw;w fy;tpapd; tptuk;
1. jpUf;Fh]Md; jg]!Ph]
2. QjP!;fspd; jg]!Ph]
3. QjP!pd; bfhs;iffs;(cNny QjPj;)
4. ,!;yhkpar; rl]l|]fs; (4 kj;Qg[fs;)
5. rl]l jj;Jt bfhs;iffs;(cNny @gpf;Q;)
6. bkhHpfspd; ,yf;fpak;
7. jpUf;Fh;Md; tpsf;f ciu
8. <khDila bfhs;iffs;
9. tpthjf; bfhs;iffs;
10. mugpr; brhw;bwhlh] ,yf;fzk;
18 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
11. mzpapyf;fzf; bfhs;iffs;
12. cUtf mzpiaf; bfhz:L bkhHp mikj;jy;
13. mwptpay; rk;ge;jkhd mzpapyf;fzk;
14. epajp Kiw (m) jh]ff; Kiw
15. tpthj|]fs;
16. murpay; bfhs;iffs; kw;Wk; mjd; jj;Jtk;
17. mzpapyf;f jpl]lk;
18. ,aw;gpay;(bgsjPfk;)
19. fzpjk;
20. ,aw;gpay; fzpjk;(Physical Engineering)
Mjhuk; : my; $hrJy; Kja;adh gf;fk; 22
Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp/ gpw
cykhf;fsplk; fw;w fy;tpapd; tptuk;.
1. jpUf;Fh]Md; kddk; bra;jy;
2. rhpahd Xira[ld; jpUf;Fh;Md; XJjy;
3. cz;ikiaa[k; guk;bghUisa[k; fhqk; fy;tp
4. kiwthdtw;iw mwpa[k; fy;tp
5. ,!:yhkpa ePjp bewp
6. QjPJ mwptpg]ghsh]fspd; bgaiu mwpjy;
7. egp KQk;kj; !y;yy;yhQ%miyQp t!y;ykpd;
thH;fi; f tuyhW.
8. ,!:yhkpa tuyhW
9. mugp ,yf;fz ,yf;fpak;
10. ,yf;fpak; - Xh] tp#aj;ij gw;wpa KGikahd
tptuk; mwpjy;.
irajP Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp
mth]fs; ve;j xU Mrpupahpd; cjtp ,y;yhky; jhdhfnt
mwpe;J bfhz:l fy;tpapd; tptuk;...
1. vz: fzpjk; (Arithmetic)
2. Fwp fzf;fpay; (Algebra)
3. nkYk; fzpjj;jpd; 12 fpis gphpt[fs;
4. etPd thdtpay; (Astronomy)
5. kug[tpay; (Science of Inheritance)
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 19
6. ahg]gpyf;fz mwptpay; (Prosody)
7. thd rh!;jpuk; ( Astrology)
8. tuyhW mwptpay; (Science of History)
9. Qpe;jp ciueil
10. ghurPf ciueil
11. ghurPf bkhHp vGJjy;
12. MHkhd mugp bkhHp Zhdk;
nkYk; Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp gy
Jiwfspy; bkhj; j k; 54 tifahd Zhd|] f isg]
bgw;wpUe;jhh]fs;.
xU Kiw Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp
mth]fsplj;jpy; fodkhd fzpj njw;w|]fis (Theorems)
vg]go Rygkhf ifahSfpwPh]fs;> vd;W tpdh nfl]ljw]F/
Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp “vdf; F ve; j
MrphpaUk; ,e;jj; Jiwfspy; fpilahJ ,Ug]gpDk; eP|]fs;
vd; d vd; d plk; fhz: f pd; w Ph; f nsh/ mJ vy; y hk; ehd; F
Rth]fshd vd;Dila miwapy; fpilf;fg] bgw;nwd;. ,J
uNy; !y; y y; yhQ% miyQp t!y; y kpd; fpUig
MFk;.”vd;whh].
Mjhuk; : my; kPrhd;/gf;fk; 342
xU Kiw kt;ytp mg]Jy; Qf; ifuhghjp/ Myh Q$;uj;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fsplj;jpy; “eP|]fs; ve;jj;
Jiwapy; (Specialised) rpwe;jth;fs;>” vd;W tpdtpdhh].
mjw;F Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp “ ehd;
gj; t h (khh] f ; f j; jPh] g ] g [ ) tH|] F tjpYk; / g[ j ; j f|] f s;
vGJtjpYk; vd;Dila ntiy brd;Wf; bfhz:oUf;fpd;wJ.
,Ug] g pDk; / ve; j neuj; j py; ve; j j; Jiwapy; mtrpak;
njitg] g Lnkh/ me; j j; Jiwapy; mf; f znk rpwe; J
tps|]Fntd;. nkYk; tQhgpfspd; ( jg]yPf; $khj;/ mQ;ny
QjP!;/ fhjpahdp/ nkYk; gy tQhgpfs;) thjj]jpw;Fk; gjpy;
bfhLf;f jahuhf ,Ug]ngd;.” vd;whh]fs;.
20 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
QjP!; f spd; Zhdk;
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fs;
QjP!; fspd; bfhs; iffis mwpe;jpUe; jhh] . Vwf; F iwa
xt;bthU QjP!; mwptpg]ghshpd; KGikahd tuyhw;iwa[k;
mwpe;jpUe;jhh]fs;. xU QjPi! mwptpf;Fk; nghJ Myh
Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fs;/ me;j QjP!pd;
tif/ me; j QjP!pd; ed; i kfs; / me; j QjP!pd;
KGikahd fhuz fhhpak; Mfpa vy; y htw; i wa[ k ;
TWthh] f s; . epiwa rpW rpW g[ j ; j f|] f is QjP!pd;
tiffisf; bfhz: L jdpahf gphpj; J vGjpa[ s ; s hh; f s; .
mtw; w py; xd; W jhd; “Qh$pRy; $iud; md; $k; k h
igd!;”vd;w g[jj ; fk; MFk;. Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp
miyQp mth] f is QjP!; f spd; Muha; r ; r pahsh] vd; W
Twpdhy; kpifahfhJ.
xU bghpath] TWfpwhh] Muha;rr
; p jd;ika[k; ftpij
eaKk; xUthpy; ,uz:lw ,iztJ ,ayhj fhhpak;. Mdhy;
,khk; mQkj; u$h fhd; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp kl]Lk;
,jw;F tpjptpyf;F/ Vbddpy; Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp
miyQp xU rpwe;j ftpZh] Mthh].
gj; t h (khh] f ; f j; jPh] g ] g [ ) tH|] F tjpy; Zhdk;
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp jd;Dila Md;kPf
Zhdj;jhYk;/ fy;tp mwpthYk; my;yhQ;tpd; nguUisf;
bfhz: L epahakhd khh] f ; f j; j Ph] g ] g [ f s; tH|] f pdhh] f s; .
#hpmj; n j K!; j gh !y; y y; yhQ% miyQp t!y; y k;
(,!;yhkpar; rl]lk;) ngqtjpy; Q$;uj; mth]fs; kpfj;
jPtpukhf ,Ug]ghh]. Mk*; #hpmj; go elf;fpwth]fs;jhd; #hpmj;
rk;ge;jkhd gpur;rpidfis jPh]ff ; ty;yth] vd]gJ jPh]ff ; khd
fUj;J. Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fspd;
gj; t hf; f spd; bjhFg] g [ “gj; t hna u$; t pah” vd; W
miHf;fg]gLfpwJ. 12 ghf (Volumes) g[j;jf|]fspd; ,e;j
gj;thna u$;tpah Vwf;Fiwa 12000 gf;f|]fisf; bfhz;lJ.
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 21
,d;Wk; cyfstpy; gj;thf;fis tH|;Fgth]fs; gj;thna
u$;tpahitna Mjhukhff; bfhs;fpd;wdh;.
mwptpay; Zhdk;
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fs;
jd;Dila “gt[n$ KgPd; jh] Qh]fnj $kPd;” vd;w E}ypy;
jpUf; F h] M d; trd|] f is Mjhukhff; bfhz: L g{kp
Rw; W tjpy; i y khwhf g{kp epiyahf ,Uf; f pwJ vd; W k;
nkYk; kw;w nfhs;fs; midj;Jk; g{kpia ikakhff; bfhz:L
Rw;Wfpd;wJ vd Mjhug]g{h]tkhf tpsf;Ffpwhh]fs;. Mdhy;
etPdfhy thdtpay; g{kp jd;idj;jhnd Rw;wpf;bfhz:Lk;/
kw;wf; nfhs;fSk; Nhpaid ikakhff; bfhz:L Rw;Wfpd;wJ
vd TWfpd;wJ. ,e;j jtwhd tpsf;fj;jpw;F/ jtW vd;Wk;
jd;Dila E}ypy; Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp
Mjhug]g{h]tkhf tpsf;Ffpwhh;fs;. rpy ,l|]fspy; fypyPnah
kw;Wk; rh] Irf; epa{l;ldpd; rpy jtwhd njw;w|]fSf;F
(Theorems) Mjhuk; jUfpwhh] f s; . Myh Q$; u j;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp mth]fSila thdtpay; g[jj ; fj;ij ek;kpy;
ed;F mwptpay; gapd;w ; th]fs; M|]fpy bkhHpahf;fk; bra;J
nkw;fj;jpa Muha;r;rpahsUf;F bfhLj;jhy; etPd cyf
thdtpaypy; khw;wk; tu tha;gg ; z
[ L
: !
thdtpay; kw; W k; Xjpg] g hh] j ; j y; Zhdk;
kt; y hdh Fyhk; Q%ird; rhQpg] Xjpg] g hh] j ; j y;
fiyapy; bgah; bgw; w th] . xU ehs; Myh Q$; u j;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fis re;jpf;f nehpl]lJ/
mg;bghGJ Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp
kt;yhdh Fyhk; Q%irdplk; kiHapd; epytuk; vd;d> vdf;
nfl;lhh]fs;. kt;yhdh Fyhk; Q%ird; el;rj;jpu rk;ge;jkhd
ml;ltizia vLj;J fzf;F nghl]L ,e;j khjj;jpy; kiH
,y;iy vd;Wk; mLj;j khjj;jpy; jhd; kiH bga;a[k; vd;W
brhy; y ptpl; L el; r j; j pu ml; l tizia Myh Q$; u j;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fsplj;jpy; bfhLj;jhh;. Myh
22 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp xU Kiw ghh]j;Jtpl;L/
“my;yhQ; epidj;jhy; ,g]nghnj kiH bga;a[k;” vd;whh].
kt;yhdh Fyhk; Q%ird;/ Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp
miyQpia nehf; f p eP|] f s; el; r j; j pu ml; l tiziag]
ghh] f ; f tpy; i yah> vd; w hh] . mjw; F Myh Q$; u j;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp “ehd; vy;yhtw;iwa[k; ftdpj;J
bfhz;oUf;fpd;nwd;” vd;whh].
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp fofhuj;ij
ghh]j;jthnw kzp vd;d> vdf; nfl]lhh]. mjw;F kt;yhdh
Fyhk; Q%ird; 12 Mtjw; F \d; W fhy; g|] F fs; kPjp
,Uf;fpd;wJ (11.15) vd;whh]. ,ijf; nfl]lt[ld;/ Myh Q$;uj;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp jd;Dila jhj;jhtpd; fofhuj;ij
beU|]fp jd; tpuy;fshy; bghpa Ks;is Rw;wp neuj;ij 12 kzp
Mf;fpdhh;/ fofhu kzp xypj;jJ.
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp kt;yhdh
Fyhk; Q%irid nehf;fp kzp 12 vdf; fhl]Lfpd;wnj vd;whh].
mjw; F kt; y hdh Fyhk; Q%ird; “fofhu Kl; f s; ,lk;
bgaUtjw;F fhuzk; eP|f ] s; jhnd!” vd;whh]. ,ijf; nfl]lJk;
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp “my;yhQ;tpw;nf
midj; J mjpfhuKk; mtd; epidj; j hy;
el; r j; j pu|] f spd; epiyfisa[ k ; khw; W thd; mtdJ
tpUg]gg]go ….. ” vd;W thf;fpaj;ij brhy;yp Kog]gjw;Fs;
kiH ntfkhf bfhl]lj; Jt|]fpaJ! Rg]Qhdy;yh!!!
fzpj Zhdk;
rh] $paht[jj ; Pd ; vd;w gpugykhd fzpj nkij
jd;Dila Muha;rr ; papd; fhuzkhft[k/; me;j Muha;rr
; papy;
tUk; fzpj FHg] g |] f is bjspe; J bfhs; t jw; f hft[ k ;
b$h]kdpapy; cs;s bgh]ypd; efUf;F bry;y jpl]lkpl]lhh;. rpy
kt;yhdhf;fspd; bjhlh]ghy; Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp
miyQp mth] f spd; fzpj Zhdk; brhy; y f; n fl] L
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 23
kdkpy;yhky;/ ,th] vg;go vd;Dila fzpj re;njf|]fis
jPhj
] J
; itg]ghh]> mwpit tsh]jJ ; f;bfhs;tjw;fhf jd;Dila
gnuy;tp efiuf; Tl jhz:lhjtuhy; vg]go Koa[k;> vd;w
vz:z|]fSld; Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp
mth] f is re; j pj; j hh] . rh] $paht[ j ; j Pd; jd; D ila
Muha; r ; r papd; fzpj re; n jf|] f is Myh Q$; u j;
uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp mth] f splk; bfhLj; J tpl] L
“Koe; j hy; ,e; j re; n jf|] f is jPh] j ; J ita[ | ] f s; / ehd;
bgh]ypd; efUf;F brd;W tUfpnwd;.” vd;whh]. Myh Q$;uj;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp jd;Dila vGj;J ntiyfspy;
Kk;Kukhf ,Ue;jthnw/ rh] $paht[j;jPDila ngr;ira[k;
nfl]L bfhz:oUe;jhh]fs;. rw;W neuj;jpy; rh] $paht[j;jPd;
ngr;ir Koj;Jf;bfhz:L “tUfpnwd;” vd;W brhy;yptpl]L
fpsk;g jahuhdhh].
Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp/ rh]
$paht[j;jPid miHj;J xU fhfpj;ij ePl]Odhh]fs;. vd;d
Mr] r hpak; me; j fhfpjj; j py; mtUila fzpj
re; n jfj; j pw; f hd tpil ,Ue; j J. ,ijf; fz: l Jk; rh]
$paht[jj; Pd; Twyhdhh]/ “,d;W ehd; ek;gf
[ pnwd;/ c|]fsplk;
Vnjh xU tpag] g {l] L k; Zhdk; cs; s J” vd; w hh; . nkYk;
Kiwahf fy;tpr;rhiy brd;W fzpjk; gapyhj Myh Q$;uj;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp/ Vw;fdnt ,e;j Muha;r;rpia
bra;jJ nghy; kpf vspikahf tpilia je;jhh]fs;. ,J
fzpjj;Jiwapny ,Uf;Fk; vd;dhy; KGKaw;rpia bra;j
nghjpYk; Koahky; nghdJ MFk; vd;W Mr]rhpag]gl]lhh].
,khk; mQkj; u$h fhd;
u$pay; y hQ%md; Q %tpd; ,y; n k $h@gh]
,y; n k $h@gh] vd; w “mwpthdJ gpd; d h] elf; f
,Ug]gij Kd;ng mwpa[k;” xU fiyahFk;. ,J bghJthf
my; y hQ; t pd; ,iwnerh] f Sf; F fpilf; f g] b gWk;
my;yhQ;tpd; nguUshFk;.
24 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp
mth]fsplj;jpy; xU Kiw fpahkj; ehspd; mwpFwpfSk;/
,khk; kQjp miyQp!yhk; mth] f spd; tUifa[ k ;
vjph]fhyj;jpy; vg]nghJ epfGk;> vdf;nfl]fg]gl]lJ. mjw;F
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp “ my; y hQ; t [ k ;
mtdJ uNYk; (!y; y y; y hQ%miyQpt!y; y k; ) kpf
ed; w hf mwpthh] f s; ” vd; w hh] . gpwF jpUf; F h] M d;
trd|] f isa[ k ; / QjP!; f isa[ k ; xd; w d; gpd; xd; w hf
thpirahf fpahkj; ehs; gw;wp Twpf;bfhz:nl te;jhh]fs;. gpwF
Twyhdhh] f s; “ xU tpjkhd mwpitf; b fhz: L / ehd;
epidf;fpnwd; Qp$;hp 1837 y; cyfpd; ve;j xU ,lj;jpYk;
,!;yhkpa Ml]rp ,Uf;fhJ/ me;j jUzj;jpy; Qp$;hp 1900 y;
,khk; kQjp miyQp!yhk; njhd;Wthh]fs; – rhj;jpak;
,Uf; f pwJ” ,ijf; nfl] l rpy ngh] Myh Q$; u j;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fis nehf;fp/ eP|]fs; ,y;nk
$h@gh] mwpitf; bfhz:L mwpe;jPh]fsh> vdf; nfl]ldh].
mjw;F Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp rphpj;jthnu
“ khk;gH|]fis rhg]gpL|]fs;/ ku|]fis vz:zhjPh]fs; ”
vd;whh].
xU Kiw uhk; g {h] kd; d hpd; kidtp kpft[ k ;
neha;tha;g]gl]oUe;jhs;/ kd;dh] mtis kpft[k; nerpj;jhd;;.
,!; y hj; i j Kiwahf ngqtjpy; kd; d d;
mf;fiwapy;yhjtd;. rpghhpRfspd; \ykhf Myh Q$;uj;
uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp mth] f Sf; F bra; j pia
mDg]gpdhd;/ mjpy; jd;Dila kidtp vg]bghGJ> v|;nf
,wg] g hs; > vdf; nfl] o Ue; j hd; . mr; r kak; mts; kidtp
iedplhy; vd; w Chpy; ,Ue; j hs; . Myh Q$; u j;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp kd;ddplk; J}Jtid mDg]gpdhh]/
mj;J}Jtpy; kd;ddpd; kidtp uhk;g{hpy; ,wg]ghs; vdt[k;/
bkhQuk; khjk; epfGk; vdt[k; TwpapUe;jhh;fs;. mjdhy;
kd;dh] jdJ kidtpia uhk;g{hpy; j|]f tplhkYk;/ uhk;g{hpd;
vy;iyf;F mg]ghy; j|]f itj;Jk; te;jhd;.
xUehs; jpObud;W fhd;g{h] #QPj; fd;Z; gs;spthry;
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 25
gpur;rpidapd; fhuzkhf uhk;g{hpy; fyfk; btoj;jJ. uhk;g{hpd;
fth] d h] ,e; j g] gpur; r pidia jPh] g ] g jw; f hf kD xd; i w
kd;dUf;F mDg]gpdhd;. mjpy; nehpy; kd;diu ghh]jJ ; ngr
ntz:oa cldo mtrpak; ,Ug]gjhy;/ kd;diu uhk;g{Uf;F
tUkhW miHg]g[ tpLj;jpUe;jhd;. vnjr;irahf kd;dhpd;
kidtpa[k; gazj;jpw;F jahuhfp ,UtUk; uhk;g{h] te;J
nrh]ej; dh]. uhk;g{h] te;J nrh]ej
; rpy kzpj;Jspfspy; jpObud;W
kd;ddpd; kidtp ,we;jhs;. me;j ehs; bkhQuk; khjkhf
,Ue;jJ. Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fspd;
fzpg]ig ,r;rk;gtk; cz:ikg;gLj;jpaJ!
jpUf; F h] M d; bkhHpg] b gah] g ] g [ kw; W k;
tpsf; f t[ i u Zhdk;
cUJbkhHpapy; gy ngh] jpUf;Fh]Md; bkhHpg]bgah]gg ] [
bra; J s; s dh] . Mdhy; Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp
miyQp mth]fspd; jpUf;Fh]Md; bkhHpg]bgah]gg ] hd “fd;$%y;
<khd;” kw;w bkhHpg]bgah]gg ] f
[ Sld; xg]gpLk; nghJ jd;dpfuw;w
Xh] jdpj;Jtk; tha;ej; jhf cUJbkhHpapy; tps|]FfpwJ. ,J
midj;J cyf kf;fshYk; Vw;Wf;bfhs;sg]gLfpwJ. fhuzk;
vd; d btdpy; / Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp
jpUf; F h] M d; bkhHpg] b gah] g ] g py; gad; g Lj; j pa xt; b thU
thh] j ; i jfSk; my; y hQ; kw; W k; uNy; ; !y; y y; y hQ%
miyQpt!y;yk; mth]fspd; cah]ej ; jd;ikfSf;F Vw;w
fUj;ij btspg]gLj]Jk; juk; kpf;f brhw;fshf ,Ug]gnj
MFk;.
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kJy;yhQp miyQp mth]fspd;
jpUf;Fh]Md; bkhHpg]bgah]gg ] [ btWk; vGj;J ntiyahf kl]Lk;
,y;yhky;/ jpUf;Fh]Mdpd; rpwe;j tpsf;fkhft[k; mike;jJ.
,jidg] gw;wp Q$;uj; ira;ajpdh KQj;jpn! M$k; Qpe;j;
u$pay; y hQ% md; Q % TWifapy; “ ,J jpUf; F h] M dpd;
bkhHpg]bgah]gg
] [ kl]Lk; my;y/ ,Jjhd; jpUf;Fh]Md;” vd;fpwhh].
ehk; xU khjphpf;fhf/ jpUf;Fh]Md; trdkhd Nuh 93/
 26 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯ 14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 27

Maj; 7 y y; my;yhQ;/ egpfs; ehafk; !y;yy;yhQ% miyQp
t!y; y ik ghh] j ; J f; TWtjhf tUk; thf; f paj; i j
bkhHpg]bgah]gg ] py; kw;wth]fs; bra;j tpjj;ija[k/; Myh Q$;uj;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fspd; bkhHpg]bgah]gi
xg]gpl]L ghh]gn
] ghk;.
1) “kw;Wk; eP|]fs; tHp jtwpath]fshf fz:lhd; kw;Wk;
mtd; c|]fSf;F tHpfhl]odhd;”
Mrhj;
- mg[y;fyhk; Mrhj
\H;fpapUg]gjhff; fz:lhd;/ mjdhyna mtdplj]jpw;nf
brd; w ila[ k ; tHpiaf; bfhLj; j hd; ”
- irajP Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp
] ga[k;
cykhf; f spd; bjspt[ i u
uNYy; y hQ; !y; y y; y hQ% miyQp t!y; y k;
,iwtdJ md;gpdpy; vg]bghGJnk \H;fpapUg]gjhy;/ yh
,yhQh ,y; y y; yh Q% vd; w Vfj; J tj; j py; xd; w hfp/
ë mtdplj;jpw;nf brd;wila[k; tHpiaf; bfhLj;jhd;.

2) “kw;Wk; eP|]fs; ,Ul]oy; ,Ug]gjhf fz:lhd; m j d h y ; khjphp 22:

mtd; c|]fSf;F ghijiaf; fhl]odhd;” Nuh @gj; Maj; 1y; tUk; trdj;jpw;F bkhHpahf;fk; :
- KQk;kj; myp yhThp fhjph
fhjphp
1. ckJ ght|;fspy; Ke;jpatw;iwa[k/; gpe;jpatw;iwa[k;
3) “kw;Wk; eP|]fs; ,!;yhkpar; rl]lk; bjhpahjth]fshf kd;dpg]gjw;fhf ,e;j btw;wpiaf; bfhLj;njhk;.
mtd; fz:lhd;/ mjdhy; c|]fSf;F ,!;yhkpar; - m#;ug] myp jhdtp/
rl]lk; brhy;ypf;bfhLj;J tHp fhz:gpj;jhd;” - nf. V. ep$hKj;jPd; kd;gaP
- m#;ug] myp jhdtp - Mh].nf. mg]Jy; fhjph] ghftp
- mg]Jy; tQhg] M.A.
4) “tHp jtwpath]fshf fhztpy;iy kw;Wk; tHp
elj;jpdhd;” - Mh]bgh]hp
2. ckJ Kd; n dhh] f s; kw; W k; gpd; n dhh] f spd;
5) “kw;Wk; eP|]fs; mwpahjth]fshf ,Ug]gij mtd; (ck;kj;Jfspd;) ght|;fis kd;dpg]gjw;fhf ,e;j
ghh]j;jhd;/ mjdhy; c|]fSf;F neuhd ghijiaf; btw; w pia bfhLj; n jhk; .
fhz;gpj;jhd;” gj;Qh KQk;kj; $ye;jhhp
-gj; - irajP Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp

‘ 6) “kw;Wk; mtd;/ c|]fis jphpe;J miye;J cykhf; f spd; bjspt[ i uu:

bfhz:oUg]gjhf fz:lhd; kw;Wk; mtd; c|]fSf;F tHp uNYy;yhQ; !y;yy;yhQ% miyQp t!y;yk;
fhl]odhd;” - a{Rg] myp ght|;fis tpl]L J}a;ikahdth]/ mth] ghtk; bra;jth] vd;W
Twpdhy; ekJ <khd; gwpngha; t pLk; . epr] r akhf
Nuh 93/ Maj; 7 y; tUk; Maj;jpw;F Myh Q$;uj; Kd; n dhh] f spd; ght|; f isa[ k ; gpd; d hy; tuf; T oa
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fspd; xg]gw;w/ <L ,izaw;w ck; k j; J fspd; ght|; f isa[ k ; kd; d pf; F k; bghUl] L k; /
mw;gj
[ khd bkhHpahf;f
; j;ij ,g]nghJ ghh]gn
] ghk;/ ,!;yhj;ij ghpg{uzk; bra;tjw;Fk; ,e;j btw;wpia my;yhQ;
mspj;jhd;. ( KGikahf ,!;yhj;ij Vw;Wf; bfhz:lth]fs;-
“ kw; W k; mtd; c|] f is mtdJ md; g pdpy; ght|;fis tpl]L J}a;ikg g ] Lj;jg]gLfpwhh]fs;.)
28 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
khjphp 3 :
Nuh @ghj; j pQh Maj; 5y; tUk; trdj; j pw; F
bkhHpahf; f k; :
1. v|;fSf;F neuhd ghijia fhl]Lthahf!
- m#;ug] myp jhdtp kw;Wk; xl]L bkhj;j tQhgpfs;
2. v|; f is neuhd ghijapy; elj; J thahf !
irajP Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp
-irajP
cykhf; f spd; bjspt[ i u :
neuhd ghijia fhl] L thahf! vdpy; / eh|; f s;
,Jtiu rj; j pakhd ghijia fz: l jpy; i y mjdhy;
,iwth! v|; f Sf; F fhl] L thahf! eh|; f s; ghh] j ; J f;
bfhs;fpnwhk;. rj;jpag]ghijapy; elg]gjw;F kdkpy;iy vd;Wk;
Twyhk;.
khwhf/ neuhd ghijapy; elj;Jthahf! vd;gjw;F
uNYy;yhQ; !y;yy;yhQ% miyQp t!y;yk;/ my;yhQ;tpd;
gphpakhd egpahf te;jjd; bghUl]Lk;/ eh|;fs; mth] kPJ
itj;j KG ek;gpf;ifahy; (<khdhy;) eh|;fs; neh]tHpahd
rj; j paj; i j (cz: i kia) fz: L f; b fhz: n lhk; . Mdhy; /
,iwth! (my;yhQ;) eh|;fs; elg]gjw;F rf;jpaw;wth]fshf
,Uf; f pnwhk; . mjdhy; eP v|; f is rj; j pag] g hijapy;
elj;Jthahf! vd;W TWfpnwhk;.
ghU|]fs;! Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp
mth] f spd; xg] g w; w / <L ,izaw; w cz: i kahd
bkhHpg]bgah]g]g[! nkYk; g[dpj egp !y;yy;yhQ% miyQp
t!y; y kpd; khpahijf; F Fiwt[ Vw; g lhkYk; /
fz: z paj; J lDk; / kpff; ftdKld; mHfhd brhw; f is
gad;gLj;JtJ Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp
mth]fspd; jdpr;rpwg]ghFk;.
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fs;/
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 29
jd; D ila mjpfg] g oahd neuj; i j rl] l k; rk; g e; j khd
g[ j ; j f|] f is vGJtjpYk; / gj; t h tH|] F tjpYk;
brytHpj;jhh]. mjdhy; KGj; jpUf;Fh]Mdpw;Fk; tpsf;ft[iu
vGj neukpy;yhky; nghdJ. ,Ug]gpDk; rpy ed;F fy;tpf; fw;w
nkijfspd; fUj;jhtJ/ Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp
miyQp mth] f spd; midj; J g[ j ; j f|] f isa[ k ; xd; W
jpul]odhy; KGj; jpUf;Fh]Mdpd; tpsf;ft[iu fpilf;f mjpf
tha]gg ] f
[ s; ,Ug]gjhff; TWfpd;wdh].
“gp!; k py] y hQph] u Q; k hdph] u QPk;” vd; g jw; F Myh
Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp mth] f spd; ePz: l
brhw;bghHpt[ g[j;jf totpy; cs;sJ. vspa eilapy; cs;s
,e;j E}y; “my; kPyhJd; egptpa;ah” vd;w jiyg]gpy; ; cs;sJ.
xU Kiw/ Q$;uj; kt;yhdh #h mg]Jy; fhjph] rhQpg]
u$pay; y hQ%jMyh md; Q Ptpd; re; j df; F l (c+!; )
itgtj;jpy; Myh Q$;uj; uQkJy;yhQp miyQp Nuh
tj;JQh gw;wp fhiy 9 kzpapypUe;J gpw;gfy; 3 kzp tiu
bjhlh]eJ
; 6 kzp neuk; Nuh tj;JQhit kl]Lk; tpsf;fpdhh].
jd;Dila tpsf;ft[iuia Koj;Jf;bfhz:L brhd;dhh;fs;
“ ehd; 80% tpsf; f t[ i uiajhd; ,e; j Nuhtpw; F
vGjpa[ s ; n sd; ” vd; w hh] . mg] g oahdhy; KGj;
jpUf;Fh]Mdpw;Fk; tpsf;ft[iu vGJtjw;F neuk; vg]go
fpilf;Fk;> vd;W ehk; nahrpj;Jg] ghh]ff; ntz:Lk;.
ftpij Zhdk
Zhdk;
,khk; mQkj; u$h(z) fhd; u$pay;yhQ%jMyh md;Q%
mth;fs; jk;Kila mjpfg]goahd neuj;ij ftpij ,aw;Wtjpy;
brytHpg] g hh] f s; . ,tUila ftpijfs; midj; J k; g[ d pj
egpfshh] !y;yy;yhQ% miyQp t!y;yk; mth]fisg] gw;wpa
g[fH; ghkhiyfshFk;. Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp
mth]fspd; ftpijfspypUe;J mtUila Md;kh kw;Wk; beZ;rk;
egpfs; !y;yy;yhQ% miyQp t!y;yk; mth]fspd; fhjy;
flypy; \H;fpapUg]gij fz:Lf; bfhs;syhk;.
 30 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fspd;
ftpijfs; #hpmj; rl]l tuk;gpw;Fs; ,Uf;Fk;. xt;bthU
ftpij thpfSk; “,y; Q hk; ” vd; w Kj; J f; f shy;
my|] f hpf; f g] g l] o Uf; F k; . “,y; Q hk; ” vd; g J mt; y pah
‘ Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fspd; Myh (cah]ej
my;yhf;fspd; kdjpy; my;yhQ;thy; kfpHg]gl]L mUsg]bgw;w
Xh] cd; d jkhd czh] t [ MFk; . ,J mk; g pah
miyQp!yhk;fSf;F fpilf;fg]bgw;w tQPiag] nghd;W/
mt[ypahf;fs; “,y;Qhk;” fpilf;fg] bgWthh]fs;.
ftpij vd;gJ bgUk;ghYk; fw;gidahfnt mika[k.;
Mdhy; Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fspd;
xt;bthU ftpij thpfSk; jpUf;Fh]Md; kw;Wk; QjP!;fspd;
tpsf; f t[ i uia gpujpgypg] g jhf ,Uf; F k; . Myh Q$; u j;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp jd;Dila ftpijfis mugp/
cUJ/ ghurPf bkhHpfspy; ,aw;wpdhh]fs;. ,J vy;yhk; xd;whf
bjhFf;fg]gl]L “Qjhapnf gf;#p#;” (ght|]fs; kd;dpf;fg]gLk;
g{|]fhtdk;) vd;w g[jj; f totpy; cs[s
; J. cyf mstpy; cs;s
kf; f s; uNy; !y; y y; y hQ% miyQp t!y; y k;
mth] f Sila fhjiy bjhptpg] g jw; F Myh Q$; u j;
uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQptpd; ftpijfisna beZ; r k;
cUf/ fz:fspy; Mde;jf; fz:zPh] bgUf/ ey;y uhf|]fnshL
gof; f pd; w dh] . Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp
mth]fspd; ftpijfspy; xd;whd/
cd; fp kQf; nd jpy; fp Fd;r;nr fpyh jpah iQ.
“cd;
$p!; uhQ; ry; jpna iQ Tr;nr g!h jpah iQ.iQ.”
(uNy; !y; y y; y hQ% miyQp t!y; y Kila eWkzk;
kdjpDila \iy KLf;bfy;yhk; gutpaJ. ve;j gf;fk;
brd;whh]fnsh/ me;j \iyfbsy;yhk; mtUila trk;
Mapd.)
vd;w Kjy; moahf bjhl|]Fk; ftpijia Myh
Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fs;/ mf;fhyj;jpy;
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 31
ftpij ,aw; W tjpy; rpwe; J tps|] f pa $dhg] jhf;
bjQ;ytpaplk; bfhLj;jDg]gp jpUj;jk; VjhtJ ,Ue;jhy; rhpr;
bra; a brhd; d hh] f s; . ,ijf; nfl] l jhf; bjQ; y tp
te;jth]fis nehf;fp “eP|]fs; bfhz:L te;jpUg]gJ Myh
; )
ftpij. ,jpy; jpUj;jk; vdr; brhy;tjw;Fk;/ ,Ug]gjw;Fk;
tha;gg
] py;iy. Mdhy; ,e;jf; ftpijj; bjhlh] Kw;Wg]bgwhky;
cs; s J. ,jpy; ehd; / filrp moia vd; D ila
gf;fj;jpypUe;J vGj Mirg]gLfpnwd;. jat[r; bra;J Myh
Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fsplk; ntz:of;
bfhs;S|]fs;/ ,ij khw;wk; bra;a ntz:lhbkd;W” vdf; Twp
filrp thpia ,t;thW vGjpdhh]fs;.
Ky;nf Rfd; fp #hQp Jk; F u$h(
“Ky; u$h(z) K!y;yk;
$p!; !pk;j; Mfna nQh/ rpf;nf gpl]lh jpna iQ
iQ”
(mstpy;yh bgU epk;kjpia mspf;Fk; ikahdJ
(ngdh ik) c|] f Silanj u$h. ey; t hH; j ; J f; f s;
c|] f Sf; F / eP|] f s; jpUk; g pa jpirbay; y hk; uNy;
!y;yy;yhQP miyQp t!y;ykth]fSila epidit/
Kj;jpiu gjpj;J tpl;Oh]fs;.)
Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp/ jhd;
g[fHg]gLtij tpUk;ghj nghjpYk; jhf; bjQ;ytpapd; ntz:L
nfhSf;fpz|;f mij khw;wk; bra;ahky; tpl]Ltpl]lhh]fs;.
Mdhy; fy;tp mwpt[ ,y;yhj ngijfs; kw;Wk; tQhgpfs; gyh]
jk;ik jhnk g[fH;e;Jf; bfhs;syhnkh> vd;W cz:ikr]
rk; g tk; bjhpahky; csWfpd; w dh] . “my; y hQ; vy; y hk;
mwpe;jtdhf ,Uf;fpd;whd;.”
igmj; kw; W k; fpyh@gj; bgWjy;
Qp$;hp 1294 y; jd;Dila 19 tajpy; ra;ajpdh Myh
Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fs;/ ,khKy; m!;gpah
 32 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
ira;ajpdh #h Mny uNy; u$pay;yhQ%jMyh md;Q%
mth] f splk; igmj; vDk; Zhdj; j Pl] i r bgw; W mthpd;
rPluhdhh]. igmj; bgw;w me;j Md;kPf epfH;rr
; pia tptukhff;
fhz:nghk;.
ë
xUKiw Q$;uj; kt;yhdh mg]Jy; fhjph] gjha[dp
u$pay;yhQ%jMyh md;Q% gnuy;tp #hP@g]gpw;F tUifg]
g[hpe;J Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fSf;F
kQ;uuh #hP@g]gpw;F tUkhW miHg]g[ tpLj;jhh]. Myh Q$;uj;
uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp mth] f Sk; miHg] g pid
Vw;Wf;bfhz:L kQ;uuh #hP@g]gpw;F ,UtUkhf nrh]e;Jr;
brd;wdh].
kQ; u uh #hP@g] g pd; ,uapy; epiyaj; j pw; F
te;jile;jt[ld; Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp; miyQp
“ ehd; vd;Dila Kh]#jpd; (Md;kPff; FUtpd;) thridia
Efh] f pd; n wd; ” vd; W Twyhdhh] f s; . ,UtUkhf nrh] e ; J
fhd;fhna gufhjpapy; EiHe;jJk;/ ira;ajpdh #h Mny
uNy; u$pay; y hQ%jMyh md; Q % - Myh Q$; u j;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fisf; fz:lJk;
“thU|]fs;/ c|]fspd; tUiff;fhf ehd; ePz:l fhykhf
fhj;jpUf;fpd;nwd;” vd;whh]fs;.
ira;ajpdh #h Mny uNy; u$pay;yhQ%jMyh
md; Q % cldoahf Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp
mth]fSf;F igmj; bfhLj;J/ midj;J N@gp rpy;rpyhf;fspd;
fpyh@gj; i ja[ k ; / ,$h!j; i ja[ k ; (mDkjp) bfhLj; J
Mrph] t jpj; j hh] f s; . mr; r kak; Q$; u j; ira; a jpdh mg[ y ;
Q%ird; E}hp gufhjp u$pay;yhQ%jMyh md;Q% (Q$;uj;
kt; y hdh K!; j gh u$h fhd; u$pay; y hQ%md; Q %tpd;
FUththh] ) me; j Md; k Pfj; j Pl] i r ghpkhWk; neuj; j py;
cldpUe;jhh]. ,th] kpfr; rpwe;j mt;ypah my;yhQ; Mthh].
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fspd; rpwg]ig
czh]ej ; tUk; Mthh].
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 33
Q$;uj; mg[y; Q%ird; E}hp gufhjp u$pay;yhQ%jMyh
md;Q%/ ira;ajpdh #h Mny uNy; u$pay;yhQ%jMyh
md;Q%it ghh]j;J nfl]fyhdhh]fs;/ “Q%$%h] (jiytnu)/
,e; e hs; t iu kQ; u uh #hP@g] g pd; tHf; f khdJ ahuhtJ
Md; k Pfj; j Pl] i r bgwte; j hy; / mtiu Khpjhf; F nthk; /
mthplk; fpyh@gj; bgw kdjpy; vz:zk; ,Ue;jhy;/ ehk;
mtiu ,iwtHpapy; e@g]!pw;F vjpuhf nghuhl brhy;nthk;.
nkYk; mtuJ gapw; r pf; f hf fha; e ; J nghd
buhl]oj;Jz:Lfisa[k; rhg]gplf; bfhLg]nghk;. ,jw;Fg] gpwF/
me;j egh] rhpahf ,Uf;fpwhh] vdj; bjhpe;j gpwnf xd;W my;yJ
,uz:L rpy;rpyhf;fspd; fpyh@gj;ija[k;/ ,$h!j;ija[k;
(mDkjp) bfhLg] n ghk; . Mdhy; ,d; W ,e; j thypgiu
midj;J rpy;rpyhf;fspd; fpyh@gj;ija[k;/ ,$h!j;ija[k
(; mDkjp) bfhLj;J Mrph]tjpj;jPh]fs; nkYk; eP|]fs; vGjpa
g[jj; f|]fis fhl]o/ mijbay;yhk; rhp ghh]ff ; t[k; TwpdPh]fs;.
Vd; ,bjy;yhk;>>>” vd;W Mr;rhpaj;Jld; tpdtpdhh;fs;.
mikjpahf nfl]Lf;bfhz:oUe;j ira;ajpdh #h
Mny uNy; u$pay; y hQ%jMyh md; Q % “ X! kf; f ns!
c|;fSf;F mQkj; u$h gw;wp bjhpahJ. ,|]F tuf;Toa
kw;wth]fs; fpyh@gj;Jk;/ ,$h!j;J[k; bgWtjw;F Kd;
j|;fis mth]fs; gf;Ftg]gLj;jpf; bfhs;s ntz:Lk;. Mdhy;
mQkj; u$h fhd; / vy; y hk; ty; y my; y hQ; t hy;
jahh]gLj;jg]gl]nl ,|]F te;jhh]fs;. ,g]bghGJ mtUf;F
njitahdJ vy; y hk; vd; D ila bjhlh] g [ kl] L k; j hd;
mjdhy;jhd; mQkj; u$h fhid vd;Dila KhPjhf;fpndd;
( rPluhf;fpndd;)” vd;whh]. nkYk; “vd; kdk; vg;bghGJk;
my;yhQ;tpDila gaj;jpdhy; mGJ bfhz:oUe;jJ vy;yhk;
fpahkj; ehspy; mtd; nfl]Fk; tpdhthd/ cyfj;jpypUe;J
vdf;fhf vd;d bfhz:L te;jpUf;fpwha;> vd;gjw;F ,Jtiu
vdf;F tpil bjhpahky; ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy;/ ,d;W me;jf;
ftiy jPh]ej ; J.
fpahkj; ehsd;W my;yhQ; vd;dplk;/ X! Mny uNy;!
vdf;fhf vd;d bfhz:L te;jpUf;fpwha;> vdf; nfl]ghd; vdpy;/
34 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
cldoahf vd;Dila ug]gpw;F(,iwtDf;F) ,khk; mQkj;
u$h fhd; u$pay;yhQ%jMyh md;Q%it ghprhf mspg]ngd;”
vd;whh].
,e;j nkd;ikkpf;f rk;gtk; irajP Myh Q$;uj;/
m$PKy; guf;fj;/ gh$pny gnuy;tp/ ,khk; mQkj; u$h fhd;
u$pay;yhQ%jMyh md;Q%tpd; cah]e;j juj;ij Rl]of;
fhl]Ltjw;F rpwe;j rhd;whFk;.
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp jd;Dila
FUtpd; kPJk; mtuJ FLk; g j; j pd; kPJk; msg] g wpa
khpahijiaa[k;/ md;iga[k; itj;jpUe;jhh]fs;. jd;Dila
FUtpd; (Kh]#jpd;) bjhlh]g[ itj;jpUg]gth]fisa[k; kpf;f
khpahijia Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mspj;J
te;jhh]fs;. kQ;uuh #hP@g]gpw;F brd;W Kh]#jpd; Mrpfis
bgwr; bry; Y k; nghJ/ jd; D ila fhyzpfis ,uapy;
epiyaj;jpnyna itj;Jtpl]L btWk; fhy;fSld; ele;J
brd; W jd; D ila FUtpw; F (Kh] # jpw; F ) khpahijia
brYj;Jthh]fs;. ahuhtJ jd;Dila FUtplkpUe;J VjhtJ
jfty;fisnah/ my;yJ ghh]ry;fisnah bfhz:L te;jhy;
mth]fisa[k; kpf;f khpahija[lDk;/ fz:zpaj;JlDk;
elj; J thh] f s; . te; j th] f is rhg] g plhky; bry; y mDkjp
mspf;fkhl]lhh]fs;/ jhnd tPlo ] w;Fs; brd;W te;jth]fSf;fhd
czitj; jk; jiyapy; itj; J f; bfhz: L te; J kpf; f
khpahija[ld; cgrhpg]ghh]fs;. te;jth]fis kpf fz:zpakhd
brhw;fshy; kl]Lnk ngRthh]fs;.
ira;ajpdh Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp
mth] f s; bgw; w fpyh@gj; kw; W k; ,$h!j; j pdhy;
yl]rf;fzf;fhndhh]fs; Q$;uj; mth]fspd; Khpjhdhh]fs;.
,d; w st[ k ; nfhof; f zf; f hdth] f is Myh Q$; u j;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp tHp elj;Jfpwhh]fs;. Myh Q$;uj;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp mth]fs; ,e;njh-ghf; Jizf;fz:lj;jpy; 30
fyp@ghf; f isa[ k ; / cyfpd; kw; w gFjpfspy; ; 35
fyp@ghf; f isa[ k ; (gpujpepjpfs; ) nrh] j ; J bkhj; j k; 65
fyp@ghf;fis cUthf;fpdhh]fs;.
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 35
Kjy; g[ d pj Q$; gazk
gazk;
uNy; !y;yy;yhQ% miyQp t!y;yKila ut;yh
(k$hh]) #hP@g]ig fhqtjw;F mth]fspd; nerh]fs; Jog]gij
ahuhYk; vGjt[ k ; / brhy; y t[ k ; KoahJ. M#pnf uNy;
(uNYy; y htpd; fhjyd; ) ,khk; mQkj; u$h fhd;
u$pay;yhQ%jMyh md;Q%tpd; fz:fs; kjPdh ja;apghtpd;
jh]ghiu fhqk; ghf;fpak; mthpd; Kjy; Q$;$py; #t;thy;
26/ Qp$;hp 1295 (1876) y; jd;Dila 20 tJ tajpy; fpilj;jJ.
fl]lhakhd Q$; flikfis Koj;jthW/ xU ehs;
kf;(@)hpg] bjhGifia kfhnk-,g]uhQPk; miyQp!yhk;
,lj;jpy; bjhGJ bfhz:oUe;jhh]fs;. bjhGJ Koj;jt[ld;
mtiu nehf;fp/ kf;fj;J Kfuk;khit rhh]ej ; #h@gp kj;Qgpd;
Q$;uj; my;yhkh Q%ird; gpd; rhypQh u$pay;yhQ%md;Q%
beU|]fpdhh]fs;. Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp
mth]fspd; fuj;ij gw;wpathW jd;Dila tPlo ; w;F miHj;Jr;
brd;whh]. me;j khbghpa ,khk; Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp
miyQp mth] f spd; bew; w papy; ifia itj; j thW
Twpdhh] f s; “epr; r akhf/ c|] f Sila bew; w papy;
my;yhQ;tpDila E}h] ,Ug]gij ghh]f;fpd;nwd;” vd;whh].
nkYk; rpwpJk; jaf;fkpy;yhky; MW QjP!f ; is bjhFj;jth]
vd rhd; w pjy; tH|] f p Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp
mth]fSf;F “$paht[jj ; Pd; (jPdpd; gpufhrkhd xspna!)” vd;W
gl]lKk; bfhLj;jhh]fs;.
kjPdj;J cykhf;fshd/ Qdgp kj;Qig rhh]ej
; Kg]jp
ira;ajpdh my;yhkh mg]Jh] uQ;khd; rpuh$; kw;Wk; Kg]jp
i#f; iraj; mQkj; jQyhd; #hgp u$pay;yhQ%md;Q%kh
mth] f shYk; MW QjP!; f spd; bjhFg] g hsh] vd
rpwg]gpf;fg]gl]lhh]fs;.
tuyhw; W rpwg] g [ k pf; f ,e; j g[ d pj Q$; gazj; j py;
ira;ajpdh Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fs;
kf;fh-kjPdh ja;apghitr; rhh]e;j cykh bgUkf;fsplk;
36 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
jg]yPf; $khj;ij rhh]e;j njt;ge;j; cykhf;fspd; jtwhd
bfhs;iffs;/ ek;gpf;iffis gw;wp Fw;wk; rhl]odhh]. mjw;F
Mjhukhf jd;Dila g[j;jf|]fshd “ my;$hK Rd;dh yp
mQyp gpj;dh kw;Wk; my; KjhkJy; K!;jdhj;” vd;gjpy;
mth] f s; brhy; y paij/ vGjpaij gl] o aypl; L mjw; F
tpiliaa[k; Twp rkh]gg] pj;jhh]fs;. ,ijf; ftdkhf fz:qw;w
kf; f h Kfuk; k h kw; W k; kjPdh Kdt; t uhit rhh] e ; j
cykhf; f s; / xU Kf; f pakhd gpugykhd g[ j ; j fkhd
“Qp!;!hKy; Quikd;” vd;gjpy; gj;thf;fis vGjpdhh]fs;.
mjpy; my; y hQ; kw; W k; uNy; !y; y y; y hQ% miyQp
t!y; y k; mth] f is juf; F iwthft[ k ; / nfypahft[ k ;
ngrpath]fs;/ vGjpath]fis fLikahf fz;oj;jhh]fs;.
mjd; tptukhdJ/
Kjy; @gj;th ( khh]f;fj; jPh]g]g[ )
“my; KjhkJy; K!;jdhj;” g[j;jfj;jpy; ,lk; bgw;w
jtwhd bfhs;iffspd; jtwhd jiyth;fs;/ kpff; bfl]l
rhj;jhd;fis fhl]oYk; kpf nkhrkhdth]fs;. ,th]fSila
bfl; l r] bray; f shy; juk; bfl] l nkhrkhd ek; g pf; i f
Jnuhfpfshf khwpa[ss ; dh].”
“fath]fis cyfpw;F btspf;fhl]oa ,khk; mQkj;
u$h fhd; u$pay; y hQ%jMyh md; Q % mth] f Sf; F
my;yhQ;tpd; btFkjpfs; fpl]ll]Lk;/ my;yhQ; ,th]fspd;
mhpa ntiyfis bghUe;jp bfhs;sl]Lk; nkYk; kf;fspd;
kdjpy; Xh] cah]ej
; ,lj;ij bfhLf;fl]Lk;.”
“Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fspd;
eht[k; mtuJ vGj;Jf;fSk; fl]lisfis bfhLf;fpd;wd.
Vbddpy; ,iwtd; tpUk; g [ f pwtw; i w KGtJkhf
bgwf;Toatuhf ,Uf;Fk; ek;gpf;ifahsuhf jpfH;fpwhh]fs;.:”
gj;th tH|]fpath] – KQk;kj; raPj; gpd; ghg]!Py;
u$pay;yhQ%jMyhmd;Q%/
#hgp kj;Qgpd; K@g]jp – kf;fh
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 37
,uz:lhk; @gj;th ( khh]f;fj; jPh]g]g[ )
“X! gog]gth]fns! my; KjhkJy; K!;jdhj; vd;Dk;
g[jj
; fk; c|]fs; iffspy; ,Ug]gJ mtrpak; vd epidf;fpnwd;.
,e; j g] g[ j ; j fk; c|] f Sf; F kpfr; rpwe; j Mjhuk; MFk; .
mjpYk; Fwpg]ghf tQhgprf; bfhs;iffSf;F ,J Xh] rpwe;j
kWg]ghFk;. tQhgpfs; ahh] vd;why;> egpj;Jtj;ij chpik
bfhz; l hoa “Fyhk; mQkj; fhjpahdp” kw; W k;
khh] f j; j pypUe; J btspnawp tpl] L / g[ d pj egpfspd;
fz:zpaj;ija[k;/ khpahijiaa[k; nftyg]gLj;Jk; “fhrpk;
ehndhj; t p/ u#Pj; mQkj; f|; n fhQp/ fyPy; mQkj;
mk; n gl] t p/ m#; u g] myp jhdtp kw; W k; ,th] f is
gpd; g w; W gth] f s; . epr; r akhf ,th] f s; g{kpapy; FHg] g k;
tpistpg]gth]fs;/ ,th]fspd; ghija[k; mt;thwhdnj MFk;.”
“,th]fs; (tQhgpfs;) v|;nf muh$fk; bra;fpwhh]fs;
vd; W vLj; J f; f hl] o a ,khk; mQkj; u$h fhd;
u$pay;yhQ%jMyh md;Q% mth]fSf;F my;yhQ; Rgr;bra;jp
tH|]fl]Lk;. my;yhQ;tpd; fUiza[k;/ fpUiga[k; Myh
Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fs; kPJk;/ mtuJ
FLk;gj;jhh] kPJk;/ FHe;ijfs; kPJk; bghHpe;J fpahkj; ehs;
tiu cz:ik ngRgth]fshfnt ,Uf;fl]Lk;.” MkPd;.
gj;th tH|]fpath] – KQk;kj; gpd; mg]J!;!yhk;
jhfp!;jhdp u$pay;yhQ%jMyhmd;Q%/
K@g]jp – kjPdj;Jy; Kdt;tuh
\d;whk; @gj;th ( khh]f;fj; jPh]g]g[ )
“mstw; w mUshsd; / ,khk; mQkj; u$h fhd;
u$pay; y hQ%jMyh md; Q % mth] f is vg] b ghGJk;
kfpH; r ; r pahft[ k ; / ghJfhg] g hft[ k ; itf; f l] L k; .
khh]ff
; j;jpypUe;J tpyf;fg]gl]l rhj;jhd;fshd kph]rh Fyhk;
mQkj; fhjpahdp/ u#Pj; mQkj; f|]nfhQp/ fyPy; mk;ngl]tp
kw;Wk; m#;ug] myp jhdtp Mfpnahh] g[dpj egpfshh] uNy;
!y; y y; y hQ% miyQp t!y; y ik juf; F iwthft[ k ; /
gHpj;Jk;/ ngrpa[k/; vGjpa[k; tUfpd;wdh]. ,th]fs; fh@gph]fs;
38 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
vdf; TWtjpy; ve; j tpj re; n jfKk; ,y; i y. ,e; j r;
rhj;jhd;fis fh@gph]fs; vdf; TWtjpypUe;J jLf;Fk;
mjpfhuKilath] f Sk; fh@gph] f ns!, ,th] f Sf; F
kuzj;jz:lid bfhLf;fg]gl ntz:Lk;.”
gj;th tH|]fpath] – my;yhQ;tpd; moik KQk;kj;
gpd; Qk;jhd; kQrhp u$pay;yhQ%jMyhmd;Q%/
k!;$pnj egtpa;apd; CHpad;
,uz: l hk; g[ d pj Q$; gazk;
,khk; mQkj; u$h fhd; u$pay;yhQ%jMyh md;Q%
jk;Kila ,uz:lhtJ g[dpj Q$; gazj;ij Qp$;hp 1323
(1905)y; jd; D ila 49tJ tajpy; epiwntw; w pdhh] f s; .
Jy;Qh$; 25 k; ehs; Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp
kPz:Lk; xU Kiw kf;fj;J bghpa cykhf;fshd i#f;
rhypQh fkhy; u$pay;yhQ%jMyh md;Q%/ my;yhkh iraj;
,!;khapy; u$pay;yhQ%jMyh md;Q% kw;Wk; gy N@gp
cykhf;fis re;jpf;Fk; tha;g]ig bgw;whh]fs;. mth]fs;
midtUk; Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQpapd; kPJ
khpahijiaa[k/; md;iga[k; bghHpe;jhh]fs;.
mr; r kaj; j py; my; y hkh i#f; rhypQh fkhy;
u$pay;yhQ%jMyh md;Q%/ Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp
miyQp mth]fsplk; kf;fj;J tQhgp Mypk;fs; nfl]Fk;
kiwthd Zhd|]fis (,y;nk ifg]) gw;wpa 5 nfs;tpfis
vLj;J itj;jhh]fs;. nkYk; 2 ehl]fspy; mf;nfs;tpfSf;F
gjpy; mspf;FkhW ntz:of;bfhz:lhh]fs;.
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fs;
mjw;fLj;j ehs; fLk; fha;rr ] yhy; mtjpg]gl]lhh]fs;. ,Ue;j
nghjpYk; kiwthd Zhd|]fisg] gw;wpa nfs;tpfSf;F
gjpiy mspf;Fk; bghWg]ig czh]ej ; th]fsha;/ jd;Dila
ngdhtpid vLj;J mugp bkhHpapy; 400 gf;f|]fis 8 kzp
neuj;jpy; vGjp Koj;jhh]fs;. jd;Dila g[jj ; fj;jpw;F “my;
jt; y Jy; kf; f pa; a h gpy; khjj; j py; ifgpa; a h” vdg]
bgahpl]lhh]fs;.
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 39
fy; t p Zhdj; j py; rpwe; J tps|] f pa kf; f h efuj; J
cykh bgUkf;fs;/ Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp
mth] f spd; bjspthd gjpy; f isa[ k ; / rhpahd neuj; j py;
brhy;ypathW bra;jija[k; ghh]jJ ; Mr;rhpaj;Jld; tpspe;J
epd;whh]fs;. gpd;dhspy; xUth] fz:Lg]gpoj;jhh]/ Myh Q$;uj;
uQkJy;yhQp miyQp mth]fspd; g[jj ; fkhd “my; jt;yJy;
kf; f pa; a h gpy; khjj; j py; ifgpa; a h” y; cs; s bkhj; j
jiyg]gf [ spy; cs;s vGj;Jf;fspd; Tl]Lj;bjhifahdJ 1323
MFk;. ,J Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp mth]fs; jkJ
,uz:lhtJ g[dpj Q$; bra;j mnj Qp$;hp 1323tJ Mz:il
Fwpg]gJ Mr]rhpak; MFk;!
g[ d pj egpfshh] uNYy; y hQ; !y; y y; y hQ%
miyQp t!y; y k; mth] f spd; Kd; d piyapy;
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp jk;Kila
,uz: l htJ g[ d pj Q$; gazj; j py; uNy; !y; y y; y hQ%
miyQp t!y;yk; mth]fisf; fhz ntz:Lk; vd;w Mty;
kpFe;J vGe;jjd; fhuzkhf bjhlh]rr ; pahf j+nj #hP@g]ig
mHfhft[ k ; / jhH; i ka[ l Dk; jpUegpfshh] !y; y y; y hQ%
miyQp t!y; y k; k$(r)hh] #hP@g] Kd; Xjpf;
bfhz:oUe;jhh]fs;. uNYy;yhQ; !y;yy;yhQ% miyQp
t!y;yikf; fhqnthk; vd;w ek;gpf;if Myh Q$;uj;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQptpd; kdJf;Fs; nt+d;wpaJ.
me;j ,ut[ Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp
mth] f s; / g[ d pj egpfshh] uNy; !y; y y; y hQ% miyQp
t!y;yk; jpUr; rd;dpjhdj;jpd; Kd; j|;fpapUe;j ,uz:lhtJ
,uthFk;. me;j ,unt uNYy;yhQ; !y;yy;yhQ% miyQp
t!y;yik fhqk; bghd;dhd tha;gi ] gg] bgw;whh]fs;. me;j
,dpa jUzj;jpy; Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp/
uNYy; y hQ; !y; y y; y hQ% miyQp t!y; y kpd; KG
moikahdhh]fs;. gpwF jd; ngdhit vLj;J egpfshhpd;
g[fH;khiyia (ehj; #hP@g]) vGjpdhh]fs;.
40 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
nth N v yh yh $hh] gph]nj iQd;……”
“nth
(c|]fis Rw;wp Mapuk; Mapuk; thdth]fs; jphpfpwhh]fs;…)
vd;w Kjy;thpiaf; bfhz:L Muk;gpf;Fk; Myh Q$;uj;
uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp filrp thpia ,g] g o
vGJfpwhh]fs;
nfhap fpa[ d ; g{r; n r njhp ghj; u$h/
“nfhap
J$;nr Fj;nj Q$hh] gph]nj iQd; ”
(cd;idg] gw;wp ahuhtJ nfl]lhy; u$h/ c|]fspd;
eha;fs; Mapuk; jphpe;J bfhz:oUf;fpwJ mJg]nghy;……)
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fs;
kjpB ja;apghit tpl]L fpsk;gk [ ; neuj;jpy; kPz:Lk; xUKiw
uNYy; y hQ; !y; y y; y hQ% miyQp t!y; y ik fhz
tpUk; g pdhh] f s; . Mdhy; Koatpy; i y/ mjdhy; fz:
fy|;fpath]fshf jd;Dila ftpijapd; filrp thpfis
“c|] f spd; eha; f s; Mapuk; jphpe; J bfhz: o Uf; f pwJ
mJg]nghy;……” vd vGjpf;bfhz:oUf;Fk; nghJ g[dpj
egpfshh] uNy; !y;yy;yhQ% miyQp t!y;yk; k$h(z)h]
#hP@g]gf [ F
; gpd; gf;fkhf epd;W bfhz:L fhl]rpaspj;jhh]fs;.
,jidf; fz:l Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp “ Va;
u!h/ cd;Dila kdJ gw;wpa tpyhrk; g[dpj egpfshhpd;
jpUr;rd;dpjhdj;jpy; bjhpa te;jJ/ vg]go mile;jha; vd;W
kl] L k; nfl] f hnj/ vg] g o mij mile; j ha; vd; W kl] L k;
nfl]fhnj/ cdf;F my;yhQ; nghJkhdtdhf ,Uf;fpd;whd;.
cdf; F my; y hQ; nghJkhdtdhf ,Uf; f pd; w hd; . ”
vd;fpwhh]fs;.
g[dpj egpfshh] uNYy;yhQ; !y;yy;yhQ%
miyQp t!y; y k; kPJ nerk;
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fs;
jd;Dila thH;ehspd; xt;bthU fzKk; g[dpj egpfshh]
KQk;kj; K!;jgh uNy; !y;yy;yhQ% miyQp t!y;yik
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 41
g[fH;e;Jf; bfhz:oUe;jhh]fs;. vijr; bra;jhYk; my;yhQ;
kw;Wk; mtDila uNy; !y;yy;yhQ% miyQp t!y;ykpd;
jpUg]bghUj;jj]jpw;fhfnt bra;jhh]fs;.
xUKiw Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp
mth]fs; gnuy;tpapy; cs;s u$h k!;$pjpy; ,Ue;jhh]fs;.
mg] b ghGJ xU k$; N g] i g (my; y hQ; t pd; typ) re; j pf; f
neh] e ; j hh] f s; . k$; N g] g hd Q$; u j; njhfh #h
u$pay;yhQ%jMyhmd;Q%/ Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp
mth]fisg] ghh]jJ ; “ X! mQkj; u$h! ehd; uNy; !y;yy;yhQ%
miyQp t!y; y kpd; Mw; w iy g{kpapy; kl] L k; jhd;
ghh]ff
; pd;nwd;/ thdpy; ,y;iy” vd;whh].
Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp mjw; F
gjpyhf “uNy; !y;yy;yhQ% miyQp t!y;ykpd; Mw;wy;
thdj;jpy; cs;sJ nghd;nw g{kpapYk; cs;sJ” vd;whh]fs;.
k$;Ng] cldoahf “,y;iy/ ,y;iy vd;dhy; thdpy; mtuJ
Mw;wiy ghh]ff ; Koatpy;iy” vd;whh]. kPzL
: k; Myh Q$;uj;
uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp “ eP|] f s; ghh] j ; j hYk; rhpna/
ghh] f ; f htpl] l hYk; rhpna/ uNy; !y; y y; y hQ% miyQp
t!y; y kpd; Mw; w y; thdj; j pYk; g{kpapYk; cs; s J.”
vd;whh]fs;. clnd k$;Ng] Md;kPff; nfhgj;jpy; cah]e;j
Fuypy; “ngh! mtid ehd; js;sp tpLfpnwd;” vd;whh]fs;.
mr;rkak; tPl]od; nky;Tiuapy; rpW FHe;ijahd
kt;yhdh K!;jgh u$h fhd; u$pay;yhQ%jMyhmd;Q%
tpisahof;bfhz:oUe;J fPnH tpGe;J tpl]lhh]fs;. Myh
Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp tPl;ow;Fs; EiHe;jJk;
mtuJ jhahh] brhd; d hh] f s; “ cdf; F bjhpa[ k y; y th>
k$;Ng]fsplk; tpthjk; bra;tijf; fhl;oYk; mikjpahf
,Ug]gJ ey;ybjd;W.”
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp jd;Dila
kfid miHj;J mog]gl]ljh> vdf; nfl]lhh]fs;. ,y;iy vd;W
gjpy; te;jJk;/ “ ehd; Mapuk; K!;jgh u!hf;fis uNy;
42 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
!y; y y; y hQ% miyQp t!y; y kpd; re; n jh#j; j pw; f hf
(u$ht[ff ; hf) jpahfk; bra;a jahuhf ,Uf;fpd;nwd;. Mdhy;
xU nghJk; uNy; !y; y y; y hQ% miyQp t!y; y kpd;
fz:zpaj;ij Fiwf;Fk; xU brhy;iyahtJ brhy;tjw;F
ehd; tp;l khl]nld;.” vd;whh]fs;.
rpwpJ neuk; fHpj; J me; j k$; N g] / Myh Q$; u j;
uQkJy; y hQp miyQp mth] f splk; jpUk; g p te; J “X!
mQkj; u$h! eP|] f s; jhd; btw; w pahsh] f s; / ek; K ila
thjj;ij Ry;jhDy; Qpe;j; Q$;uj; fh$h fhPg] eth!;
u$pay;yhQ%jMyhmd;Q% mth]fsplk; bfhz:Lr;brd;nwd;.
mth] c|] f Sf; F rhjfkhf gjpyspj; j hh] f s; .
my; Q k; J ypy; y hQ; ! c|] f spd; Mrph] t hjj; j hy; ehd;
,g] b ghGJ “uNy; !y; y y; y hQ% miyQp t!y; y kpd;
kfpikia thdj;jpYk; Tl ghh]ff ; pd;nwd;.” vd;whh]fs;.
Q$;uj; kt;yhdh eaPKj;jPd; Kuhjhghjp/ xUKiw
Myh Q$;uj; uQkJy;yhQp miyQp mth]fsplk; “ Vd;
eP|]fs; ira;ajpdh uNYy;yhQ; !y;yy;yhQP miyQp
t!y;yk; mth]fspd; fz:zpaj;ij Fiwf;Fk; tifapy;
ele; J f; bfhs; g th] f splk; / fLikahf ele; J f;
bfhs;fpwPh]fs;> ” vd;W tpdtpdhh]. mjw;F Myh Q$;uj;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp “ X! kt;yhdh! ehd; mth]fsplk;
fLikahf ele; J f; bfhs; f pnwd; / mth] f s; uNy;
!y; y y; y hQ% miyQp t!y; y k; mth] f spd;
fz: z paj; i ja[ k ; / khpahijiaa[ k ; bfLg] g jw; F gjpyhf
vd;id mth]fs; ,yf;fhf;fp bfhs;sl]Lk;. mijg]gw;wp ehd;
ftiyg] gl nghtjpy;iy. vd;id ntz:Lkhdhy; mth]fs;
J}w; w pf; b fhs; s l] L k; . Mdhy; vd; D ila md; g pw; F hpa
jiytuhd $dhng KQk; k j; !y; y y; y hQ% miyQp
t!y;yk;/ tQhgpfs; brhy;Yk; midj;J ght|]fspypUe;Jk;
tpLgl]lth]fs; - J}a;ikahdth]fs;.” vd;whh]fs;.
Dr.fh] u h] Q%ird; / Jiznte; j h] - gYrp!; j hd;
gy;fiyf;fHfk;. TWifapy; “Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 43
miyQp/ egpfs; ehafk; !y;yy;yhQ% miyQp t!y;yk;
kPJ fhl]oa md;g[k; khpahijiaa[k; ghh]f;Fk; nghJ/ me;j
md; g [ ,y; y htpoy; ,!; y hk; vd; g J capuw; w cliyg]
nghd; w jhFk; vdj; bjhpfpwJ. caph] vd; g nj uNy;
!y; y y; y hQ% miyQp t!y; y k; kPJ fhl] L k; md; g [ k ;
khpahija[k; jhd; MFk;.” vd;fpwhh].
ira; a Jkhh] f is nerpj; j y;
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fs; g[dpj
egpfshh] !y; y y; y hQ% miyQp t!y; y k; mth] f spd;
tHpj;njhd;wy;fshd ira;aJkhh]fis vt;thW nerpj;J
khpahij bra; a ntz: L k; vd cyf K!; y pk; f Sf; F
,r;rk;gtk; \yk; TWfpwhh]fs;.
xU ehs; ,khk; mQkj; u$h fhd; u$pay;yhQ% jMyh
md; Q % xUthpd; miHg] g pid Vw; W mthpd; tPl] o w; F
gy;yhf;fpy; brd;Wf; bfhz:oUe;jhh]fs;. jpObud;W ira;ajpdh
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp gy;yhf;if epWj;j
brhd;dhh]fs; nkYk; gy;yhf;F J}f;Fgth]fis nehf;fp “ ehd;
c|] f spy; xUthplkpUe; J ira; a jpDila thridia
Efh] f pd; n wd; . ahh] c|] f spy; ira; a j; guk; g iuia
rhh]e;jth]fs;>” vd;W TwpathW gy;yhf;fpypUe;J btspna
te;jhh]fs;.
me;j gy;yhf;F J}f;Fgth]fspy; xUth] jhd; ira;aj;
vd; W ja|] f pathnw Twpdhh] . clndna vy; y h fy; t p
Zhd|;fspYk; nkd;ikahd Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp
miyQp ira;aJkhh]fspd; epiyikiaf; fz;L fz:fspy;
fz:zPh] rpe;jpathW me;j ira;aJ eghpd; fhy;fisg] gw;wp;/
jd;id kd;dpf;FkhW jhH;ika[ld; ntz:of;bfhz:lhh]fs;.
ehis fpahkj; ehspy; uNYy;yhQ; !y;yy;yhQ% miyQp
t!y;yk; vd;idg] ghh]j;J/ mth]fspd; g[dpj guk;giuia
nftyg]gLj;jptpl]lha; vd Twpdhy; ehd; vd;d bra;ntd; vd;W
Joj;jhh]fs;.
44 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
ira;aJkhuhd me;j gy;yhf;F J}f;Fgth] Q$;uj;
mth]fis kd;dpj;J tp;l]lhh]fs; ,Ue;jnghjpYk; M#pnf
uNy; Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp/ me; j
ira;aJkhiu mnj gy;yhf;fpy; cl]fhu itj;J jd;Dila
g[dpjkhd njhs;fspy; me;j gy;yhf;if Rke;Jf; bfhz:L
brd;whh]fs;. my;yhQ% mf;gh]!
Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp me; j
gy;yhf;F J}f;Fgtiu rhjhuz kdpjdhf fUjhky;/ g[dpj
egpfshh] !y; y y; y hQ% miyQp t!y; y k; mth] f spd;
guk;giuia rhh]ej ; th]fs; vdf; fUjp bfhLj;j khpahija[k/;
md;gk[ ; ghh]gg
] th]fis tpag]gpy; MH;jj; paJ!
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fsJ
miwapd; gf;fj;jpy; xU ira;aj; guk;giuia nrh]e;j xU
rpWtd; tpisahLthd; . mr; r pWtd; Myh Q$; u j;
uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp mth] f spd; miwia flf; f
nehpl]lhy;/ clndna Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp
khpahij epkph]j;jk; fhuzkhf vGe;J epd;W tpLthh]fs;.
mr;rpWtd; xU ehisf;F 10 Kiw flf;f nehpod;/ Myh
Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fSk; 10 Kiw vGe;J
epd;W khpahij brYj;Jthh]fs;.
Rd; d j; J fisg] gpd; g w; W jy;
,khk; mQkj; u$h fhd; u$pay;yhQ%jMyh md;Q%/
uNYy;yhQ; !y;yy;yhQ% miyQp t!y;yk; mth]fspd;
Rd;dj;fisg] gpd;gw;Wtjpy; kpf;f Mh]tkhf ,Ug]ghh]fs;. gpd;
tUk; rk;gt|;fspypUe;J Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp
miyQp Rd;dj;Jfspd; kPJ itj;jpUe;j ek;gpf;iffis ehk;
milahsk; fz:Lf; bfhs;syhk;.
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp jdf;F neh]ej ; kt;yhdh KQk;kj; #hP@g] vd;gth] Myh Q$;uj;
rk;gtj;ij jhnd Twyhdhh]fs; “ gnuy;tpapy; xU Kiw
gpnsf; neha; gutpa[ss
; jhf tje;jp fpsk;gpaJ/ mr;rkaj;jpy;
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 45
vdJ <Wfspy; xU tifahd khw;w|;fs; Vw;gl]L kpf;f typia
Vw;gLj;jpaJ/ kpf;f typapd; fhuzkhf vd;dhy; thiaj;
jpwf; f Tl Koatpy; i y/ mjDld; nrh] e ; J fha; r ; r Yk;
te;Jtpl]lJ. vd; cly;epiy kpf nkhrkhdJ! lhf;lh] te;J
rpy kzpj;Jspfs; vd;id Th]eJ ; ftdpj;J gpnsf; nehahy;
mtjpa[ W fpnwd; vd; W Twpdhh] . vd; d hy; mg; n ghJ ngr
Koatpy;iy ,y;iybad;why; lhf;lhpd; fzpg;g[ jtW vd;W
TwpapUg;ngd;.
Vbdd;why; vdf;F kpfg]bghpa tpahjpfs; vJt[k; tuhJ
vd;W bjhpa[k;/ vg]gobadpy; ehd; Vw;fdnt uNYy;yhQ;
!y;yy;yhQ% miyQp t!y;yk; mth]fs; brhd;dgo bfhoa
kw;Wk; jPtpu neha;fspypUe;J fhg]ghw;Wk; ,e;j JMit
“my;Qk;J ypy;yhQpy; y$p M@gpdp kpk; kg]jpyf gpQp
t @gj; jy; d p myh fjPuk; kpkk; fyf j@g] j Pyd; ”
Xjpf;bfhz:nld;. mjdhy; vdf;F gpnsf; neha; nghd;w bfhoa
neha;fs; tuhJ vd;w ek;gpf;if ,Ue;jJ.
rpwpJ neuj; j py; kpFe; j khpahija[ l d; ehd; rw; W
rj;jkhf “ ah my;yhQ;! cdJ gphpakhd QgPg] uNny fhPk;
!y; y y; y hQ% miyQp t!y; y k; mth] f spd; thf; i f
cz: i kahf; F ! lhf; l hpd; fzpg] i g bgha; a hf; F ”vd; W
kd;whondd;. mg]bghGJ vdJ tyJ gf;fj;jpypUe;J xU
rj; j j; i jf; nfl] n ld; mjpy; kp!; t hf; kw; W k; fUkpsif
gad;gLj;JkhW mwpt[iwg]gLj;jg]gl;lJ! clndna rpwpJ
f#;lj;Jld; vGe;J kp!;thf;if bfhz:L gy; Jyf;fpndd;/
fUkpsif khj;jpiuiag] nghy; vd; ehtpy; itj;jpUe;njd;.
rpwpJ neuj; j py; my; y hQ; t pd; kfpikahy; ehd; Fzk;
mile;njd;. vdJ gyj;ija[k; bgw;nwd;. lhf;lhpd; fzpg]g[
jtwhdJ mog]gilna ,y;yhjJ vd;W brhy;yp mDg]gpndd;.”
vd;whh]fs;.
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp my;yhQ; kw;Wk; uNYy;yhQ;
!y;yy;yhQ% miyQp t!y;yk; mth]fs; kPJ itj;jpUf;Fk;
46 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
ek; g pf; i fia Fwpg] g pLk; rk; g tj; i j gpd; t UkhW
TWfpwhh] f s; / “Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp
mtuJ je;ija[ld; Q$;i$ Koj;Jf; bfhz:L fg]gypy; tUk;
nghJ xU g[ay; cUthdJ. fg]gypd; nfg]ld; g[aypd; ntfj;ij
gw;wpa[k; mjdhy; caph]gg ] piHg]gJ fodk; vd;gija[k; fg]gypy;
cs; s th] f Sf; F vr; r hpf; i fa{l; o ghJfhg] g [ fyd; f is
cLj;jpf; bfhs;SkhW Twpf; bfhz;oUe;jhh]. Myh Q$;uj;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp jk; je;ij ftiya[ld; ,Ug]gij
nehf;fpdhh]. mtuJ je;ij Twpdhh] “vdJ ftiy vy;yhk;
cd;idg] gw;wpaJjhd;” vd;whh]fs;. mjw;F Myh Q$;uj;
uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp “ je; i jna! nfg] l d; ek; i k
iftpl]lhYk; my;yhQ; ek;ik fhg]ghw;Wthd;”. uNYy;yhQ;
!y;yy;yhQP miyQp t!y;yk; Twpa[ss ; hh]fs; ahh] ,e;j
JMit “ Rg]Qhdy; y$p(Z) rf;fu ydh Qh$h(Z) tkh
Fd; d h yQ% Kf; h paPd; t ,d; d h ,yh ug] g pdh y Kd;
fypg{ (B) d; ” gazj; j pd; nghJ Xjpf; b fhs; f pwhh] f nsh/
mth] f s; vg] n gw; g l] l tpgj; J fspypUe; J k; jg] g pj; J f;
bfhs;thh]fs;.
“vdnt ehd; ,e;j JMit fg]gypy; EiHa[k; nghnj
Twptpl]nld;” vd;whh]fs;. Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp
miyQp ,t]thW Twpf;bfhz:oUf;Fk; nghnj nfg]ld; kpf
re;njh#khf te;J g[aypd; jpir khwptpl]lJ vd;W kfpH;rr
; p
bgh|;f gazpfsplk; bjhptpj;jhh]. nkYk; gazpfs; ahUk;
ftiyg]gl njitapy;iy/ fg]gypw;F ve;j tpj Mgj;Jkpy;iy
vd;whh].
bfsJ ehafk; i#f; mg] J y; fhjph] $Pyhdp
u$pay; y hQ%jMyh md; Q % mth] f s; kPJ
nerk;
,khk; mQkj; u$h fhd; u$pay;yhQ%jMyh md;Q%/
ira;ajpdh bfsJy; M$k; Q$;uj; i#f; mg]Jy; fhjph]
$Pyhdp u$pay; y hQ%jMyh md; Q % mth] f spd; kPJ
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 47
mstpy;yh md;g[k; khpahija[k; itj;jpUe;jhh]fs;. Q$;uj;
KQj; j pn! M$k; Qpe; j ; u$pay; y hQ%jMyh md; Q %
TWfpwhh]fs; : “ehd; jhUy; ,@g]jh gnuy;tp #hP@g]gpy; ,Uf;Fk;
nghJ Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp 11 +gha;fF ;
kjpg; g hd ,dpg] g [ gz: l |; f is th|] f p te; J ira; a jpdh
bfsJy; M$k; u$pay;yhQ%jMyh md;Q% mth]fspd; kPJ
ghj; j pQh Xjp/ ,dpg] g [ gz: l |; f is gfph] e ; J bfhLf; f
brhd;dhh]fs;.
jpObud;W Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp
kz:oapl]L j#hQ%j; epiyapy; ,Ue;jhh]fs;. mUfpy; brd;W
ghh] j ; j g] nghJ Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp
jd;Dila Mrph]tjpf;fg]gl]l ehtpd; Edpahy;/ rpe;jpa rpy
ghj; j pQh jg] + f; i f (gpurhjj; i j) vLj; J rhg] g pl] L f;
bfhz:oUe;jhh]fs;.
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp/ ira;ajpdh bfsJy;
M$k; Q$;uj; i#f; mg]Jy; fhjph] $Pyhdp u$pay;yhQ%jMyh
md; Q % mth] f spd; kPJ epiwa g[ f H; ghkhiyfis
vGjpa[ss; hh]fs;.
cyf thH] f ; i fapy; Myh Q$; u j;
uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp rpy Vf;fh]
epy|;fSf;F chpikahsuhf ,Ue;jhh]fs;. mjDila KG
bghWg]iga[k; ek;gpf;iff;F chpath]fsplk; xg]gilj;J tpl]L
rpy khj thliffis kl]Lk; bgw;W te;jhh]fs;. me;j khj
thlifia ira; a Jkhh] f Sf; F tpUe; J tH|; f t[ k ; /
g[j;jf|;fis th|;ft[k; bryt[ bra;J tpLthh]fs;. Myh
Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp jd;Dila ghf;bfl]fspy;
xU rpy ehza|;fisna itj;jpUg]ghh]fs;. mth] vg]bghGJk;
jkf;F brhe;jkhd epy|;fspypUe;J tUk; tUkhdk; gw;wp
tprhhpj;jJ Tl fpilahJ. Mjhuk; (my; kPrhd; - gf;fk; 335)
48 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
,e;jpahtpy; fpyh@gj; ,af;fk; ele;J bfhz:oUe;j
ntisapy; fhe;jp/ Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp
mth]fis fhz tpUk;gpdhh]. fhe;jp TWifapy;/ “,khk;
mQkj; u$h fhd; u$pay;yhQ%jMyh md;Q% kf;fsplj;jpy;
ey; y bry; t hf; i f bgw; w pUf; f pwhh] . mjdhy; mthplk;
brhy;Y|;fs;/ kf;fis fpyh@gj; ,af;fj;jpy; g|;F bgw cjtp
bra;a brhy;Y|;fs;” vd;whh].
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp “vijg] gw;wp
fhe;jp vd;dplk; ngRthh]> khh]ff
; j;ijg] gw;wpah> cyfj;ijg]
gw;wpah> cyf rk;ge;jkhd tp#akhf ,Ue;jhy;/ ehd; g|;F
bgw; W vd; d bra; n td; > ehd; cyf tp#a|; f spy;
Mh]tkpy;yhky; ,Uf;fpnwd;. mjdhy; fhe;jpia re;jpg]gjpy;
Mh]tk; ,y;iy” vd;whh]fs;. Mjhuk; (my; kPrhd; - gf;fk; 335)
14 Mk; E}w; w hz: o d; K$j; j pj;
Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp jdJ
fhyj; j pd; bfsjhf/ ,khkhf (mg[ Qdp@gh
u$pay;yhQ%jMyh md;Q%) Mf jpfH;ej ; hh]fs;. Myh Q$;uj;
uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp kpfr] rpwe; j my; y hQ; t pd;
typahft[ k ; (,iw nerh] ) jpfH; e ; j hh] f s; . jd; D ila
thH; f ; i fapy; xt; b thU braypYk; uNYy; y hQ;
!y;yy;yhQ% miyQp t!y;yk; mth]fspd; jPid g[jJ ; aph]
Cl]oajhy; K$j;jpnj ,!;yhk; (,!;yhj;jpw;F cap+l]oath])
vd;W miHf;fg]gl]lhh]fs;.
gy flt[s; ek;gpf;if/ F@g]h/] #ph]f/; gpj;mj; nghd;w fhpa
nkf|;fshy; cyfk; NHg]gl]lJ. K!;ypk;fs; FHk;gpathW
epiyFiye; J nghd ntisapy; my; y hQ; kw; W k;
uNYy;yhQ; !y;yy;yhQ% miyQp t!y;yk; mth]fspd;
fpUigahy; fhhpUis mfw;Wk; Nhpadhf 14 Mk; E}w;whz:oy;
,khnk mQ; n y Rd; d j; / ,khk; mQkj; u$h fhd;
u$pay; y hQ%jMyh md; Q % jd; D ila bjspthd
Mjhu|] f shy; F@g] i u xHpj; J ,!; y hj; j pw; F g[ j ; J aph]
Cl]odhh]fs;.
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 49
ira;ajpdh mg[Q%iuuh u$pay;yhQ%jMyh md;Q%
mth]fshy; fpilf;fg] bgw;w kp#;fhj;; #hP@g] gpy; cs;s
QjP!;/ K$j;jpj; gw;wp TWtij ghh]gn
] ghk;.
“epr; r akhf xt; b thU E}w; w hz: o d; KotpYk;
nguUshsdhd my;yhQ;thy; xU kdpjd;/ ck;kj;jpw;fhf
mDg]gp itf;fg]gLthh]. tUgth] jPdpw;F cap+l]Lgtuhf
,Ug]ghh].” bgha;ahd khw;w|;fis ,!;yhj;jpy; g[Fj;jp FHg]gk;
Vw; g Lj; J k; mwpahikf; fhyj; j py; jPnd KQk; k jp
!y; y y; y hQ% miyQp t!y; y k; mth] f spd; bfhoia
ifapy; neh]ikahf/ ijhpakhf gpoj;J Rd;dj; kw;Wk; gpj;mj;
Mfpatw; w pd; ntw; W ikfis gphpj; J f; fhl] o KQk; k j;
!y;yy;yhQ% miyQp t!y;ykpd; ck;kj;Jf;fis tHp
elj; j pr; bry; g tnu K$j; j pj; (cap+l] L gth] )
vd;wiHf;fg]gLthh].
K$j;jpj; vd;gth] xU E}w;whz:od; ,Wjpapnyh my;yJ
Muk;gj;jpnyh tuyhk;. E}W Mz:LfSf;F xU Kiw tuf;
fhuzk; vd;dbtdpy; E}w;whz:L fhyj;jpy; kf;fSila
vz: z |] f s; / Rw; W g] g [ w k; / mwpahik Mfpatw; w py; gyj; j
khw; w |] f s; Vw; g LfpwJ. ,jdhy; tHp jtwp elf; f
Muk;gpf;fpd;wdh].
K$j; j pj; vd; w brhy; gd; i kia Fwpg] g jhy; xU
E}w;whz:oy; xd;W my;yJ mjw;F nkw;gl]l K$j;jpj;fs;
tUfpd;wdh]. ,th]fs; jhd; K$j;jpj; vd;W mtuJ brhy;/
bray;/ thH;fi
; f Mfpatw;iw ghh]jJ; rhd;nwhh]fshy; cWjpr;
bra;ag]gLfpwJ.
Kjy; E}w; w hz: o ypUe; J mwpag] g l] l
K$j; j pj; f spd; gl] o ay; :
Kjy; E}w; w hz: L
1. ira; a jpdh ,khk; ckh] gpd; mg] J y; m$p!;
u$pay;yhQ%md;Q%.
50 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯ 14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 51

2k; E}w; w hz: L 2. ,khk; i#f; #Qhg[jj ; Pd; RQuth]jp/

1. ,khk; Qrd; g!;hp/ 3. fh$h KQpaj;jPd; rp!;jp m$;kPhp/
2. ,khk; KQk;kj; gpd; Q!;!d; i#ghdp/ 4. ,khk; mg[y; Qrd; c$;$%j;jPd; myp gpd; KQk;kj;
3. ,khk; khypf; gpd; md!;/ ,g]d; mjPh]/
4. ,khk; mg]Jy;yh gpd; ,j;hP!; #h@gp 5. ,khk; n#f; mf;gh] KQpaj;jPd; KQk;kj; ,g]D mugp
u$pay;yhQ%md;Q%k; u$pay;yhQ%md;Q%k;.

k; E}w; w hz: L
3k; 8k; E}w; w hz: L
1. ,khk; mg[y; Qrd; gpd; ckh]/ 1. ,khk; jh$%jPd; gpd; mjhcy;yh rpfe;jhp/
2. ,khk; mQkj; gpd; Qk;gy; u$pay;yhQ%md;Q%kh. 2. fh$h ep$hKj;jPd; mt;ypah kQg{ng ,yhQp/
3. ,khk; ckh] gpd; kNj; j@g] j !hdp
4k; E}w; w hz: L u$pay;yhQ%md;Q%k;
1. ,khk; jQjhtp/
2. ,khk; ,!;khaPy; gpd; Qhkpj; $h@ghp/ 9k; E}w; w hz: L
3. ,khk; mg[ $h@gh] gpd; $hPh] jpg]hp/ 1. ,khk; Qhgp!; $yhYj;jPd; mg[gf;fh] mg]Jh] uQkhd;
4. ,khk; mg[ Qhjpk; uh!p u$pay;yhQ%md;Q%k; Ra{jp/
2. ,khk; E}Uj;jPd; gpd; mQkj; kp!;hp/
5k; E}w; w hz: L 3. ,khk; KQk;kj; gpd; a{Rg] fh]kdp/
1. ,khk; mg[ eaPk; ,!;@gQhdp/ 4. ,khk; #k;RjPd; mg]Jy; ifh] KQk;kj; gpd; mg]Jh]
2. ,khk; mg[y; QPird; mQkj; gpd; KQk;kj; uQkhd; rhf;tp/
mgp gf;hpapy; fhjph]/ 5. my;yhkh ,khk; ra;aj; #hP@g] myp gpd; KQk;kj;
3. ,khk; QPird; gpd; uhfpg]/ $h]khdp u$pay;yhQ%md;Q%k;.
4. ,khk; KQk;kj; gpd; KQk;kj; f!;!hyp
u$pay;yhQ%md;Q%k;. 10k; E}w; w hz: L
1. ,khk; #Qhg[j;jPd; mg[ gf;h] mQkj; gpd; KQk;kj;
6k; E}w; w hz: L fhjpg] fp!;jyhdp/
1. ,khk; mg[y; g!y; ckh] uh!p/ 2. ,khk; KQk;kj; #h]gpdp/
2. my;yhkh ,khk; ckh] e!;@gp/ 3. my; y hkh i#f; KQk; k j; jhQph] KQj; j pj;
3. ,khk; fh$p gf;Uj;jPd; Q!d; kd;Nh]/ u$pay;yhQ%md;Q%k;.
4. ,khk; mg[ KQk;kj; Q%ird; gpd; kNj; guhuh
u$pay;yhQ%md;Q%k;. 11k; E}w; w hz: L
1. ,khk; myp gpd; Ry;jhd; fhhp/
7k; E}w; w hz: L 2. ,khk; n#f; mQkj; rh] Qpe;jp K$j;jpnj my;g] jhdp/
1. my;yhkh ,khk; mg[y; g!;yp $khYj;jPd; KQk;kj; gpd; 3. Ry; j hDy; Mhp@gPd; ,khk; KQk; k j; ghQP
Mg]hpfp kp!;hp/ u$pay;yhQ%md;Q%k;.
52 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯ 14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 53

12k; E}w; w hz: L kjPdh Kdt; t uh cykhf; f shy; Myh

1. my;yhkh kt;yhdh ,khk; mg[y; Q!d; KQk;kj; gpd; Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQpf; F
mg]Jy; Qhjp rpe;jp/ tH|; f g] g l] l gl] l bgah] f s;
2. ,khk; mg]Jy; fdp jhg]yp!p/
3. i#f; mQkj; Ky;yh $ptd; u$pay;yhQ%md;Q%kh. 1. ,khk;fspd; jiyth].
2. kiwthd Zhdj;ij (,y;nk ifg]) mwpa[k; jiyth].
13k; E}w; w hz: L 3. Kd;dhs; brd;w kw;Wk; tuf; Toa cykhf;fspd;
1. ,khk; mg]Jy; myp yf;ndhtp/ bgUkpjk;.
2. ,khk; n#f; mQkj; rhjp khypfp/ 4. ,e;j ck;kj;jpd; K$j;jpj;.
3. my; y hkh ,khk; mQkj; gpd; ,!; k haPy; 5. ,!;yhkpa ePjp tH|]Fk; ePjpgjpfSf;bfy;yhk; ePjpgjp.
jQ;jhtp(Tahtaawi)/ 6. QjPJ Muha;rr ; pahsh]fSf;bfy;yhk; jiyth].
4. my;yhkh #h mg]Jy; m$p!; K$j;jpnj bjQ;ytp 7. gpj;mj;ij xHpj;J/ Rd;dj;ij gw;wpf; bfhs;gth].
u$pay;yhQ%md;Q%kh. 8. ,e;j E}w;whz;od; K$j;jpj;.
Mjhuk;- my;gt[rJy; kf;fpa;ah/
14k; E}w; w hz: L Qp!;!hKy; Quikd;/ mj;jt[yJy; kf;fpa;ah.
1. ,khnk mQ; n y Rd; d j; / fh (Qa)kpna gpj; m j; /
K$j;jpnj M$k;/ Myh Q$;uj;/ m#; #h ,khk; Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp
mQkj; u$h fhd; u$pay;yhQ%md;Q%. mth] f spd; $pQhj; ( nghuhl] l k; )
kf; f h Kfh] u kh cykhf; f shy; Myh Q$; u j; egpfs; ehafk; !y; y y; y hQ% miyQp t!y; y k;
uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQpf; F tH|; f g] g l] l mth]fspd; fz:zpaj;ija[k;/ khpahijiaa[k; Fiwf;Fk;
gl] l bgah] f s; tifapy; bray; g Lnthh] f ; F vjpuhf Myh Q$; u j;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp jdJ thH;ehs; KGtJk; $pQhj;
1. cykhf;fspd; fz:fSf;F Fsph]rr ; pahdth]. bra;jhh]fs;.
2. md;gpw;Fhpath] my;yhQ;tpdhy; Vw;Wf; bfhs;sg]gl]l
moikfspy; xUth]. ePjpgjp[ my;yhkh K@g]jp ira;aj; R$hj; myp fhjphp
3. kpfr;rpwe;j ,!;yhkpa Muha;rr
; pahsh]fspd; Kj;jpiu. u$pay;yhQ%md;Q% ( #hpmj; nfhh]l/] ghfp!;jhd; muR) Myh
4. cykhf;fis tHp elj;jpr; bry;Yk; jiyth]. Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp gw;wpf; TWifapy;/
5. ,e;j E}w;whz:od; K$j;jpj;. “ mth] Md;kPfj;jpy; mQkj; gpd; Qk;ghy; kw;Wk; i#f; mg]Jy;
fhjph] $Pyhdp u$pay;yhQ%md;Q%kh nghd;wth]. mth] ,khk;
Mjhuk; - my; g t[ r Jy; kf; f pa; a h/ mg[ QdP@gh kw;Wk; ,khk; mg[ a{Rg] u$pay;yhQ%md;Q%kh
Qp!;!hKy; Quikd;/mj;jt[yJy; kf;fpa;ah. nghd;W cs;nehf;F ghh]itiaf; bfhz:lth]. mth] brhd;d
jj; J tbky; y hk; ,khk; uh!p kw; W k; ,khk; f!; ! hyp
u$pay; y hQ% md; Q %kh nghd; n whhpd; jj; J tkhFk; .
ijhpakhd K$j; j pj; my@g] jhdp u$pay; y hQ%md; Q %
54 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
nghd;Wk;/ cz:ikia epiyehl]Ltjpy; kd;Nh] Qy;yh$;
u$pay;yhQ%md;Q% nghd;wtuhthh]. ek;gpf;if ,y;yhnjhiu
rfpj; J f; bfhs; s khl] l hh] . my; y hQ; t pd; moikfSf; F
md; g [ k ; / fUiza[ k ; brYj; J gth] kw; W k; g[ d pj egpfshh]
!y; y y; y hQ% miyQp t!y; y ik nerpg] g th] . ” vdf;
TWfpwhh].
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp/ tQhgpfshd
,!; y hkpa Jnuhfpfsplk; gyKiw jdpahfr; brd; W
mth]fSila F@g]uhd vz:z|]fSf;Fk;/ brhw;fSf;Fk;/
vGj;Jf;fSf;Fk; tpsf;fk; Twp jt;gh (kd;dpg]g[ nfhUjy;)
bra; a [ k hW Twpdhh] . Mdhy; me; j tHpbfl] l th] f s;
j|;fSila F@g]uhd bray;fSf;F rw;Wk; kdtUe;jhky;
nkYk; nkYk; F@g] u hd fhhpa|; f is bra; J
bfhz:oUe;jikahy;/ ,!;yhj;ij fhg]ghw;Wk; nehf;fpy;
gj;thna jf;@gPh] vd;Dk; F@g]h] gj;thia tQhgpfs; kPJ
,l] l hh] f s; . ,jpy; m#; u g] myp jhdtp/ u#Pj; mQkj;
f|;nfhQp/ fyPy; mQkj; mk;ngl]tp nghd;w jg]yPf; $khj;ij
nrh]ej; th]fSk; kw;Wk; gyUk; Mshapdh].
,e;j fh@gph]fspd; (tQhgpfspd;) bfhz;oUe;j bfl]l
bfhs;if fUj;Jf;fSf;F Mjhukhf xU rpy khjphpfis
ghh]gn
] ghk;.
1. “kiwthd Zhdk; vd;gJ mwptpd; xU gFjpjhd;/
egpfs; (!y;) bfhz:oUf;Fk; kiwthd Zhdj;jpy;
vd;d rpwg]g[ ,Uf;fpwJ> ,e;j khjphp Zhdj;ij ML/
khL/ fGij/ rpW FHe;ijfs;/ Vd; igj;jpaf;fhuh]fs;
kw;Wk; vy;yh tpy|;FfSk; bgw;wpUf;fpd;wd.”
- Qpg]Ry; <khd; ( krhQpUy; gjpg]gfk;)/ gf;fk; 6
- Mrphpah] – m#;ug] myp jhdtp
2. “egpkhh]fs; midtUk; ck;kj;Jf;fis fhl]oYk;
mwptpy; kl]Lk; rpwe;jth]fs;. ey;y bray;fspy; rpy
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 55
rkak; ck;kj;Jf;fs; egpkhh]fSf;F rkkhft[k;/ rpy
rka|; f spy; egpkhh] f is tpl rpwe; J k;
tps|;Fthh]fs;.”
- jQ$PUd; eh!;/ gf;fk; 5/
- gjpg]gfk; - kf;jgh ig$; e$;j; $hkp k!;$pj;/
njt;ge;j.; c.gp.
- Mrphpah] – fhrpk; ehndhj;tp
3. “uQ; k j; J y; - ypy; - MykPd; vd; w thh] j ; i jahdJ/
uNYy; y hQ; !y; y y; y hQ% miyQp t!y; y k;
mth]fSf;F kl]Lk; rpwg]ghf Fwpg]gJ my;y. kw;w
egpkhh]fSf;Fk;/ ZhdpfSf;Fk;/ cykhf;fSf;Fk;/
,d;Dk; tuf;Toath]fSf;Fk; bghUe;Jk;.”
- gj;thna u#Pjpah/ ghfk; 2/ gf;fk; 12/
- gjpg] g fk; - kf; j gh u#Pjpah $hkp k!; $ pj; /
bly;yp.
nkYk; tQhgpfspd; g[ j ; j f|; f is gof; F k; nghJ
,d;Dk; nftykhd thh]j;ijfshYk;/ bfhs;iffshYk;
<khdpw; F vg] n gw; g l] l ehrj; i j bra; f pwhh] f s; vd; g J
bjhpatUk;.
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fs;
,g]ngw;gl]l tQhgpfspd; <khd; bfl]l bfhs;iffspypUe;J
cyf K!;ypk;fs; jw;fhj;Jf; bfhs;s ntz:Lk; vdt[k;/
tQhgpfshd ,th]fis gpd; bjhlh]gth]fspypUe;J <khid
ghJfhj;J bfhs;Sk; go vr;rhpf;fpd;whh]fs;.
(Fwpg]g[ - jg]yPf; $khj;/ $khj;nj ,!;yhkp Qpe;j-; gP!/; jKKf/
jehj$/ ggpM,/ fhjpahdp/ knekf/ ,d;Dk; gy Tl]l|;fs;
tQhgpfspd; bfhs; i ffis KGf; f KGf; f gpd;
bjhlUgth]fs;)
56 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp
mth] f spd; xg] g w; w mwpt[
xU Kiw Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp
mth]fs; gpypgpl] #hP@gpy; j|;f neh]ej ; J. mg]nghJ “cTJy;
mh] a h” (Uqoodul Arya) vd; w g[ j ; j fj; i j gog] g jw; F
th|;fpdhh]fs;. g[j;jfj;ij gog]gjw;F bfhLj;jth; xnu xU
g[jj
; fkhf ,Ug]gjhy; kPzL : k; jpUg]gp jUkhWk;/ @gj;thf;fis
tH|;Ftjw;F ,e;jg] g[j;jfk;jhd; Mjhukhf gad;gLfpwJ
vd;Wk; Twpdhh].
md; W ,unt fpsk; g ntz: o a Myh Q$; u j;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp xUthpd; miHg]ig Vw;W kw;bwhU
,ut[ j|; f neh] e ; j J. me; j ,utpy; Myh Q$; u j;
uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp KGg] g[ j ; j fj; i ja[ k ; goj; J
Koj;jhh]fs;. mLj;j ehs; fhiyapy; ,uapy; epiyaj;jpw;F
Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp g[ w g] g l] L
bfhz:oUe;jhh]fs;.
KQj;jpn! Nuj; u$pay;yhQ%md;Q%/ Myh Q$;uj;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQpaplk; ja|;fpathnw g[j;jfj;ij
jpUg] g pj; jUkhW nfl] l hh] f s; . mjw; F Myh Q$; u j;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp rphpj;Jf; bfhz:nl jhd; goj;J
Koj; j jhft[ k ; / ,dp jd; D ld; vLj; J bry; t jw; F
njita[kpy;iy vd;whh]fs;.
,ijf; nfl]lt[ld; KQj;jpn! Nuj; u$pay;yhQ%
md;Q% Mr;rhpaj;Jld;/ gy ghf|;fisf; bfhz:l g[jj ; fj;ij
xU ,utpy; vg]go goj;jPh]fs;> vd;whh]. “,d;#h my;yhQ;/
mLj; j 3 khjj; j pw; F ,e; j g] g[ j ; j fj; j py; ,Uf; F k;
thf;fpa|;fis kwf;f khl]nld;. ,d;#h my;yhQ;/ ,e;jg]
g[j;jfj;jpd; fUj;Jf;fis vd; thH;ehs; KGtJk; kwf;f
khl] n ld; . ,e; j g] g[ j ; j fj; j py; cs; s lf; f k; gw; w pa ciu
,y;yhky; ,Ue;jJ/ mij ehd; c|;fSf;fhf
jahh]gLj;jpapUf;fpnwd; ” vd gjpyspj;jhh] Myh Q$;uj;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp.
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 57
Qh@gpRy; Fh] M d; #hP@g]
xUth] Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp
mth]fSf;F fojk; vGjpajpy; jh|;fs; Qh@gp!; ,y;iyna
vdf; Fwpg] g pl] L ,Ue; j hh] . mijf; fz: l Myh Q$; u j;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp kdk; tUe;jpdhh]/ Qh@gp!hf
ntz:Lk; vd;W Kot[ bra;jhh]fs;.
xYr; bra;Jtpl]L $khj; TLk; tiu ,Uf;Fk; neuj;jpy;
Q$; u j; my; y hkh rJh] # ; #hpaj; u$pay; y hQ% md; Q %
kdg] g hlkhf xU rpghuh ($P!; ) Xj/ Myh Q$; u j;
uQkJy;yhQp miyQp ftdKld; nfl]ghh]fs;. gpwF Myh
Q$;uj; uQkJy;yhQp miyQp ftdKld; nfl]lij kdjpy;
epWj;jp juhtpQ; bjhGifapy; ,khkj; bra;thh]fs;. ,g]gona
30 ehl]fs; ele;jJ. uk;$hd; khj ,Wjp ehspy; ira;ajpdh
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp Qh@gpRy; Fh]Md;
Mf khwpdhh]fs;!
Mrph] t jpf; f g] g l] l Fzeyd; f s;
md; g [ brYj; J tJk; my; y hQ; t pw; f hf
hf!
hf!
nfhgg] g LtJk; my; y hQ; t pw; f hf
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp cs; xd;W/
g[ w k; xd; W ,y; y hky; vg] b ghGJk; xnu khjphpahfj; j hd;
,Ug] g hh] f s; . #hpmj; n j K!; j gh !y; y y; y hQ%
miyQpt!y; y k; vd tUk; nghJ/ ve; j neuj; j pYk;
#hpmj;jpw;F vjpuhf xU thh]ji ; j Tl brhy;y khl;lhh]fs;.
Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp/ ey; y
K!;ypkpd; kdk; g[z:gLj;Jk; go ele;J bfhz:ljpy;iy.
twpath]fs; kPJk;/ mdhijfs; kPJk; msg]gwpa md;ig
bghHpe;jhh]fs;. xU ViH FLk;gj;ij rhh]ej ; th]/ Myh Q$;uj;
uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp mth] f is jd; tPl] o w; F
miHj;jhh]. $g]Uj;jPd; gPQhhp u$pay;yhQPmd;QPt[k; Myh
Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fSld; brd;whh]fs;.
58 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
miHg]g[ tpLj;j me;j egh] jdJ tWikapd; nfhug]gpoapYk;
rpy buhl]oj;Jz:Lfisa[k;/ rpwpJ khl]L ,iwr;rpiaa[k;
rhg]gpLtjw;F itj;jhh].
Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQptpd;
clk;gpw;F khl]oiwr;rp xj;Jf;bfhs;shJ vd;w nghjpYk;
ViHapd; re;njh#j;jpw;fhf JMit Xjp rhg]gpl]lhh]fs;. me;j
JMit Xjpdhy;/ rhg]gpLk; bghUshy; jP|;F Vw;gLtjpy;iy
vd;W $g]Uj;jPd; gPQhhp u$pay;yhQ%md;Q%tplk; Twpdhh]fs;.
rpwpJ neuk; fHpj;J czt[ cz:l gpd; fpsk;gk [ ; ntiyapy;/
,e;j tWikapy; Vd; eP|;fs; Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp
miyQp mth] f is miHj; J f#; l g] g l ntz: L k; > vd
$g]Uj;jPd; gPQhhp u$pay;yhQ%md;Q% tpdtpdhh]. mjw;F
me;j ViH egh] kpf;f ek;gpf;if kw;Wk; re;njh#j;Jld; “Myh
Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQptpd; tUifapdhy;
my;yhQ; vd; tPl]ow;F guf;fj;Jk;/ mUSk; g[hpthd;” vd;whh].
xU Kiw xU rpd; d g] igad; Myh Q$; u j;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQptpd; tPl]ow;F brd;W/ jd;Dila
tPl]ow;F tUkhW miHj;jhd;. Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp
miyQp bry; y khf c|; f s; tPl; o w; F te; j hy; vd; d
jUtPhf ] s;> vdf; nfl]lhh]. me;j rpd;dg]igad; jdJ Fh]jhtpd;
moapy; cs; s Kor; R fis mtpH; j ; J rpy gUg] i ga[ k ; /
kpsfha;fisa[k; fhl]oj; jUfpnwd; vd;whd;. ey;yJ! ehis
tUfpnwd; vd;whh] Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp/
mLj;j ehs; fhiyapy; me;j rpd;dg] igad; tPl]ow;F
Qh$p fp@ghaj;Jy;yh u$pay;yhQ%md;Q% mth]fSld;
nrh]eJ
; Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp brd;whh]fs;.
tPl]ow;Fs; EiHe;jJk; mtUld; te;jth] brhd;dhh]/ ,J
,irf; fiyZdpd; tPL. me;jr; rpd;d igad; iffis
fGtpf; bfhz:L ,Ue;jhd;. Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp
miyQp igaid nehf; f p cd; mg] g h v|; n f> vd; d
bra;fpwhh]> vdf; nfl]Lf; bfhz:oUf;f gh]jhtpw;F gpd; gf;fkhf
igadpd; jhahh] brhd;dyhdhh]fs;/ “Q%$%h]! vd; fzth]
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 59
,we;J tpl]lhh]. ,wf;Fk; ntisapy; mth] kd;dpg]g[ njodhh].
vdf;F Mjuthf ,e;j igad;jhd; cs;shd;” vd;whh].
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp guf;fj;jpw;fhf
ntz:o clnd Jth bra;jhh]fs;. gpd; rhg]gpl]L tpl]L me;jg]
igadpd; miHg]ig kdjhuhf Vw;Wf; bfhz:nld; vd;W Twp
tpilg] bgw;whh]fs;.
ojy;
jhapd; brhw; f Sf; F fPH; g ojy
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fspd;
je;ijapd; ,wg]gpw;F gpd;/ je;ijapd; KGr; brhj;JfSf;Fk;
chpikahsh; Mdhh] Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp/
,Ug] g pDk; jk; jhapd; mDkjp ,y; y hky; jkJ
epy|;fspypUe;J tUk; tUthia bryt[ bra;jJ ,y;iy.
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp jkJ tpUg]gg]go
VjhtJ g[jj; fk; gog]gjw;F th|]f ntz:Lk; vd;whYk; jhapd;
mDkjpapy;yhky; th|;f khl]lhh]fs;.
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fs; jkJ
kdjpd; Mirahd ut; $ h-na md; t hh] / ira; a jpdh
uNYy;yhQ; !y;yy;yhQ% miyQp t!y;yk; mth]fis
fhzr; brd; w nghJk; Kjypy; jkJ jhahhplj; j py; jhd;
mDkjpiaf; nfl] l hh] f s; . mjw; F mtuJ jhahh] “
gp!; k py; y hQp Fjh Qh@gp!; ” vd; W Twp
mDkjpaspj;jhh]fs;.
jy;
cykhf; f Sf; F khpahij brYj; J jy
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fs;
mQ;ny Rd;dj; ty; $khj;ij rhh]ej ; cykhf;fis fz:lhy;
mth]fsplk; kpf;f md;gk
[ /; khpahijiaa[k; brYj;Jthh]fs;.
mQ;ny Rd;dj; ty; $khj;ij rhh]e;j cykhf;fis gw;wp
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp “ ,e;j cykhf;fs;/
ve; j g] gyDk; juhj CUf; F s; EiHe; j hy; ,th] f sJ
60 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
tUifahy;/ me;j Ch] gydspf;f Toajhf khwptpLk;. ,e;j
cykhf; f s; / me; j Ciu tpl] L te; J tpl] l hy; kWgoa[ k ;
gydspf;f ,ayhj Cuhf khwptpLk;” vd;W TWfpwhh]fs;.
Q$;uj; kQjp Qrd; gufhjp u$pay;yhQ%md;Q% jhk;
fz:l mDgtj;ij gpd;tUkhW TWfpwhh]fs;/ “ ehd; gnuy;tp
#hP@g] g pw; F xU Kiw brd; n wd; . Q%$%h] Myh Q$; u j;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fns vGe;J brd;W/ vdf;F
czt[ bfhz: L te; j hh] . Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp
miyQp mth]fns vd; iffis fGtp tpl]lhh]. mg]bghGJ
vd; ifapy; mzpe;jpUe;j tisaj;ija[k;/ nkhjpuj;ija[k;
nfl;lhh]fs;. j|;fj;jpyhd me;j mzpfyd;fis cldoahf
mth]fsplk; bfhLj;J tpl]nld;. gpwF ehd; gk;gha;fF; brd;W
tpl]nld;. ntiy Koe;j gpwF ehd; kQ;uuh #hP@g]gpy; cs;s
vd; tPl]ow;F brd;nwd;.
vd; kfs; vd;dplk; xU ghh]riy ePl]o/ ,J gnuy;tpapy;
,Ue;J te;Js;sJ vd;whs;. mij ehd; jpwe;J ghh]jj ; nghJ/
mjpy; me;j j|;f nkhjpuKk;/ tisaKk; ,Ue;jJ. mjDld;
xU Jz:L rPl]oy; Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp
,e;jg] ghpR c|;fs; kfSf;F vd;W vGjpapUe;jhh]fs;. Myh
Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp mth] f spd;
khpahijiaa[ k ; / mwpita[ k ; ghh] j ; J tpae; J epd; n wd; !
bghpath]fsplj;jpy; mth] fhl]Lk; md;iga[k/; mnj rkaj;jpy;
#hpmj; ngqtjpy; khh]f;fj;jpy; mDkjpf;fhjij jLj;J/
ey;yij gpd;gw;wr; brhy;Yk; mtuJ gf;Ftk; vd;id kpft[k;
fth]ej
; J.”
k!; $ pJf; F khpahij
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp k!;$pjpy;
( gs;spthry;) ,jpfh@g] ,Ue;jhh]fs;. mJ xU gdpf;Fsph] fhy
,ut[/ rpwpJ kiHa[k; mikjpahf bga;J bfhz:oUe;jJ. Myh
Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp xSr;bra;a epidj;jhh].
k!;$pJDila jiu <ukhff; TlhJ vd;W epidj;jthW/
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 61
jdJ nghh]itia ehd;fhf koj;J/ jhd; xSr;bra;ak [ ; ,lj;jpy;
nghl] L tpl; L / xSr; b ra; a Muk; g pj; j hh] . xStpdhy;
btspnaWk; jz:zPiu me;jg] nghh]it ,Gj;Jf; bfhz:lJ.
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp xU brhl]Lj; jz:zPuhYk;
k!; $ pij <ukhf; f tpy; i y. me; j ,ut[ KGtJk; jdJ
nghh]itapd;wp Fspuhy; eLeL|;fp bfhz:oUe;jhh]fs;.
Qh$pkhh] f Sf; F khpahij
Q$;i$ btw;wpf;fukhf Koj;Jtpl]L jhafk; jpUk;gp
tUk; Qh$pkhh] f is fhqtjw; F Myh Q$; u j;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp kpFe;j Mh]tj;Jld; ,Ug]ghh]fs;.
Qh$pkhh]fisf; fz:lJk;/ Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp
miyQp kpf;f Mh]tkhf kjPdh ja;apgh brd;W g[dpj egpfshh]
KQk;kj; !y;yy;yhQ% miyQpt!y;yk; mth]fspd; k$hh]
#hP@g]ig $pahuj; bra;jPh]fsh> vd Kjypy; nfl]ghh]fs;.
Qh$pkhh]fs; “Mk;” vd;W gjpy; brhd;dhh]fshdhy; clndna
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp/ Qh$pkhh]fspd;
ghj|; f is jd; D ila Mrph] t jpf; f g] g l] l cjLfshy;
Kj;jkpLthh]fs;. Qh$pkhh]fs; “,y;iy” vd;W khw;wkhf
gjpyspj; j hh] f s; vdpy; Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp
miyQp kdf; f #; l kile; j th] f shf Kfj; i j jpUg] g pf;
bfhz:L/ ngr;ir Koj;Jf; bfhz:L jpUk;gp tpLthh]fs;.
FHe; i jfsplk; md; g [
kju!htpy; gof;Fk; FHe;ijfs;/ jj;jkJ Ch]fs;
bjhiytpy; ,Ug]gjhy; <j; gz:oiffis kju!htpnyna
bfhz:lhLthh]fs;. Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp
xt;bthU FHe;ijfisa[k; j|;fs; tPl]Lf;FHe;ijfs; nghy;
fUjp mth]fSld; nrh]e;J kpf;f kfpH;r;rpahf ,Ug]ghh]fs;.
nkYk; vy;nyhUf;Fk; <jp ( gz:oif fhR) tH|;fp/
FHe;ijfis kfpH;tpg]ghh]fs;.
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fSf;F
62 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
nguf; F He; i jfs; gpwe; j kfpH; r ; r papy; kju!h kd; ! nu
,!; y hk; khzth] f is vy; y hk; miHj; J tpUe; J
gilj;jhh]fs;. tpUe;J gilf;Fk; Kd; mtuth]fSf;F vd;d
gpof; F k; vd; W nfl] L / bg|; f hyp khzth] f Sf; F kPDk;
mhprpa[k/; gPfhh] khzth]fSf;F @gPh]dp/ $h]jh/ gphpahzpa[k/;
gZ; r hgp kw; W k; kw; w khzth] f Sf; F Ml] o iwr; r piaa[ k ;
mspj;J tpUe;Jg] gilj;jhh]fs;.
Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp
FHe; i jfis kpft[ k ; nerpj; j hh] f s; . jd; i dr; Rw; w p
FHe;ijfs; ,Ug]gJ Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp
mth] f Sf; F gpof; F k; . FHe; i jfis vg] b ghGJk;
jpl]oajpy;iy/ FHe;ijfs; jtW bra;jhh]fs; vdpy; mUfpdpy;
miHj; J bra; j jtiw g[ h pa itj; J / neh] tHpapdpy;
elj;Jthh]fs;. rpW FHe;ijfspd; xt;bthU ryhkpw;Fk; gjpy;
ryhk; ciug]ghh]fs;.
Myh Q$; u j; uQkJy; y hQp
miyQpmth] f spd; rpy mHfpa gHf; f
tHf; f |; f s;
1. QjP!; f is itf; F k; g[ j ; j f ,lj; j py; ntW
g[j;jf|;fis itf;fkhl;lhh]fs;. QjPJ g[j;jfk; kPJ
ntW ve;j rhjhuz g[jj ; fj;ija[k; itf;f khl]lhh]fs;.
2. QjP!; f is tpsf; f p brhy; y pf; bfhz: o Uf; F k;
ntisapy; ahuhtJ ,ilapy; njitapy; y hky;
ngrpdhy;/ Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQpf;F
gpof;fhJ.
3. mth] fhy; nky; fhy; nghl]Lf; bfhz:L cl;fhu
khl]lhh]fs;. ,uz:L Kl]ofisa[k; nrh]jJ; itj;Jf;
bfhz:nl cl]fhUthh]fs;.
4. kPyhJd; egp !y; y y; y hQ% miyQpt!y; y k;
tpHhf; f spy; j#Q%j; epiyikapy; jhd;
cl]fhUth]fs;. 5 my;yJ 6 kzp neuk; MdhYk;
rhpna!
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 63
5. ghlk; brhy;ypj;jUk; ntisapy; thapy; btw;wpiy
bkd;d khl]lhh]fs;.
6. “KQk;kj;” vd;w bgaiu nfl]lJk; !y;yy;yhQ%
miyQpt!y;yk; vdf; Twp fl]il tpuy; ef|;fis
xj;jpf; bfhs;thh]fs;.
7. vg]bghGJk; rj;jkhf rphpj;jjpy;iy.
8. “KQk; k j; ” vd; w mugp vGj; J f; f s; totpy; j hd;
vg]nghJk; J}|;Fthh]fs;.
9. fpg] y hit(fhghit) Kd; n dhf; f p fhy; ePl] o aJk; /
Jg]gpaJk; ,y;iy.
10. ve;j ntiyiaa[k; tyJ g[wj;jpypUe;J jhd; bra;J
Kog]ghh]fs;.
fuhkj; J fs;
KhPij tpLjiyahf; f pdhh ]
gnrhhp vd;w Ciur; nrh]ej
; $dhg] mk;$j; myp/ Myh
Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fspd; KhPjhthh].
xUKiw mk; $ j; myp jd; D ila hpthy; t iu vLj; J f;
bfhz:L ntl]ilahl brd;w nghJ/ jw;brayhf Jg]ghf;fp
Fz: L btspnawp tHpapy; brd; w xUtiu jhf; f p
Mgj;jpw;Fs;shfpaJ. Fz:log]gl]lth] ,we;J nghdjhy;/
mk;$j; myp kPJ nghyprhh] bfhiy tHf;fpy; gjpt[ bra;J
J}f;F jz:lid fpilf;FkhW jPh]g]igg] bgw;W rpiwapy;
milj;jdh].
J}f;F jz:lid bgWtjw;F rpy ehl]fns vZ;rpa[ss;
epiyapy;/ mk;$j; myp mth]fspd; FLk;gj;jhh]fs; mtiuf;
fhz ftiya[ld; rpiwr;rhiy brd;W fjwp mGjdh]. jk;
FLk;gj;jhiu nehf;fp mk;$j; myp mth]fs;/ “ahUk; mH
ntz:lhk;/ tPl]ow;F bry;Y|;fs;. vdf;F J}f;F jz:lid
mspg]gjhf Twpa ehspy; ,d;#h! my;yhQ; ehd; tPl]ow;F
tUntd;. vd;Dila gPnuhKh]#pj;/ ra;ajpdh Myh Q$;uj;
uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp vd; i d tpLjiy bra; t jhf
thf;fspj;Js;shh]fs;. epr;rakhf mth]fs; vd;id tpLjiy
bra;thh]fs;.” vd ek;gpf;ifa[ld; Twpdhh].
64 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
ehis fhiy J}f;Fjz:lid vdpy; mjd; ,ut[/
mk;$j; myp mthpd; jhahh] kpFe;j tUj;jj;njhL jd; kfid
fhzr; brd;whh]fs;. mk;$j; myp jd; jhahiu nehf;fp “ ehd;
vd; D ila gPnuhKh] # pjpd; thh] j ; i japy; ek; g pf; i f
itj;Js;nsd;. mjdhy; eP|;fs; mH ntz:lhk;/ tPl]ow;F
bry;Y|;fs;. ,d;#h my;yhQ;! ehis fhiy c|;fSld;
nrh]e;J tPl]oy; rpw;Wz;oia rhg]gpLntd;.” vd;W Twp jk;
jhahiu mDg]gp itj;jhh].
mLj;j ehs; fhiy J}f;Fjz:lid mspf;Fk; neuk;
beU|; f paJ. mk; $ j; myp mth] f spd; fGj; j py; fapW
,lg]gl]lJ. mk;$j; myp mth]fsplk; filrp Mir VjhtJ
,Uf;fpwjh> vdf; nfs;tp nfl]fg]gl]lJ. mjw;F mth] kpft[k;
mikjpahf/ “brhy;tjw;F vJt[kpy;iy/ vd;Dila filrp
neuk; ,d; D k; tutpy; i y.” vd; w hh] . J}f; f pypLtjw; F
mjpfhhpfs; behofis vz:zpf; bfhz:oUe;jdh]. mr;rkak;
kw;bwhU mjpfhhp/ uhzp vyprbgj;jplk; ,Ue;J te;Js;s
je; j pia vLj; J f; bfhz: L Xo te; j hh] . me; j je; j papy;
vyprbgj; uhzp jdJ kfpH; r ; r papd; fhuzkhf rpy
rpiwifjpfis tpLjiy bra;tjhf mwptpg]g[ ,Ue;jJ. me;j
gl;oaypy; mk;$j; mypapd; bgaUk; ,Ue;jJ!
mk;$j; myp jd; jhahUf;F brhy;yp mDg]gpaJ nghy;
fhiy czt[ f ; F jdJ tPl; o w; F brd; w ile; j hh] . Myh
Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fspd; fuhkj;ij
ghU|;fs;! mk;$j; mypapw;fhf/ kw;w rpiwifjpfisa[k;
tpLjiyr; bra;a itj;jJ!
,we; j FHe; i jia caph] g ] g pj; j hh]
xU bgz: mGJ bfhz:nl Xo te;J Myh Q$;uj;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fsplk;/ “ c|;fspd; Jththy;
vdf;F Mz: FHe;ij gpwe;jJ” vd;W Zhgfg]gLj;jp/ “ ,g]nghJ
mf;FHe;ij vd;id tpl]L gphpe;J brd;W tpl]lJ. vd;dhy;
,e;j nghpHg]ig jh|;f Koatpy;iy” vd;W fjwp mGJ/ Myh
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 65
Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp mth] f splk;
mf;FHe;ijia jpUg]gpj; jUkhW Twp ntz:o epd;whs;.
Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp me; j
bgz: k zpapd; tPl] o w; F brd; w hh] f s; . FHe; i j fl] o ypy;
fple; j thW mjd; nky; Jzpahy; \lg] g l] o Ug] g ij
fz:lhh]fs;. mf;FHe;ijapd; jha; fjwpathW kPzL : k; kPzL: k;
FHe;ijia jpUg]gpj; jUkhW Twpf; bfhz:oUe;jhs;. Myh
Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp; miyQp FHe; i japd; kPJ
\lg]gl]oUe;j Jzpia mfw;wp/ jd;Dila Mrph]tjpf;fg]gl]l
ifia FHe;ijapd; fz:fspy; kPJ itj;J fl]lisapl]lthW
“ kfnd! vGe;jpL! cd; jha; brhy;tij ftdp” vd;W Twpf;
bfhz: o Uf; F k; ntisapy; cldoahf FHe; i j mHj;
bjhl|;fpaJ! me;j tPl]oy; Rw;wp epd;Wf; bfhz:oUe;jth]fs;
vy;yhk; Mr]rhpaj;jpy; tpae;J epd;wdh].
vy;nyhUk; Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp
mth] f Sf; F ed; w pia bjhptpj; j dh] . Myh Q$; u j;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mikjpahf rphpj;Jf; bfhz;lthnu
“ ehd; xd;Wk; bra;atpy;iy/ FHe;ij MH;e;j J}f;fj;jpy;
,Ue;jJ. ehd; bra;jJ vy;yhk; FHe;ijia vGg]gpaJ kl;Lk;
jhd;” vd;whh]fs;.
kdjpy; cs; s ij mwpe; j hh]
gnuy; t p #hP@g] g py; cykhf; f isa[ k ; /
mt]ypahf;fisa[k/; gPnuhKh]#pj; (FU)/ \hPj; (rPld;)
cwt[Kiwiaa[k; jtwhf g[hpe;J bfhz:lth]fSk; ,Ue;jdh].
jd;Dila ez:gd; jtwhd tHpapy; ,Ug]gij fz:l \hPj;
xUth]/ Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fsplk;
miHj; J f bfhz: L brd; w hy; jk; ez: g d; neh] t Hpia
milthd; vd;w ek;gpf;ifapy;/ jtwhd bfhs;if bfhz:l
ez:gid miHj;Jr; brd;whh].
bry;Yk; tHpapy; rpy ,dpg]gf
[ is jtwhd bfhs;if
66 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
bfhz:ltd; th|;fp bfhz:lhd;. ,UtUkhf nrh]e;J Myh
Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fspd; g[dpj tPl]oy;
mkh]ej
; dh]. ,d;bdhU KhPjhdth] rpy ,dpg]gf[ is bfhz:L
te;J vy;nyhUf;Fk; gfph]eJ
; f; bfhz:oUe;jhh].
tHf;fkhf Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp
mth]fspd; Kd;dpiyapy; jho itj;jpUg]gth]fSf;F ,uz:L
g|;Fk;/ jho ,y;yhjth]fSf;F/ FHe;ijfshapDk; xU g|;F
vd;W fzf;F ,Ue;jJ. vy;nyhUf;Fk; ,dpg]ig tH|;ff;Toa
KhPj;/ jtwhd bfhs;ifa[ila egh] te;jJk;/ me;egUf;F
Kfj;jpy; jho ,y;yhjjhy;/ mtUf;F xU g|;F ,dpg]ig
mspj;jhh]. ,jidf; fz:l Myh Q$;uj; uQkJy;yhQp
miyQp me;j egUf;F ,uz:L g|;if tH|;fr; brhd;dhh]fs;.
mjw;F KhPj; “Q%$%h]! ,tUf;F jhoapy;iy mjdhy; xU g|;F
jhnd!” vdf; Twpdhh].
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp “mtUf;F
,uz:L g|;if tH|;F|;fs;/ Vbddpy; mth] ,uz:L g|;if
mila Mirg]gLfpwhh]” vdf; Twpdhh]fs;. ,ijf; nfl]lJk;
jtwhd bfhs;ifa[ila me;j kdpjd;/ kdjpy; cs;stw;iw
mwpa[k; Zhdpapd; xg]gw;w Mw;wiyf; fz:L/ kd;dpg]gf
[ n
; fhhp!
Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp mth] f spd;
KhPjhdhh].
tQhgpfspd; ghh] i tapy; ,khk; mQkj;
u$h fhd; u$pay; y hQ%md; Q %
1. “,khk; mQkj; u$h fhd; u$pay; y hQ%md; Q %
mth] f spd; mwpita[ k ; / epiyiaa[ k ; fz: L / vd;
kdjpy; kpf;f khpahijia bfhz:Ls;nsd;. jPDila
mwptpd; g hy; kpf; f cs; n ehf; F ghh] i ta[ i lath] .
,d; D k; ,tUila vjphpfs; ,tUila mwptpd;
fhuzkhf/ ,thpd; fUj; J f; f is Vw; f f; Toa
fl]lhaj;jpy; js;sg]gLfpd;wdh].”
- mg[y; Myh kt;J}jp
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 67
2. “vd; kdjpy; ,khk; mQkj; u$h fhd;
u$pay; y hQ%md; Q % mth] f isg] gw; w p kpf; f
khpahijiaf; bfhz:Ls;nsd;. ,th] v|;fis fh@gph]
vd; W miHf; f pwhh] . ,th] ,g] g o v|; f is
brhy; t bjy; y hk; uNYy; y hQ; !y; y y; y hQ%
miyQpt!y; y k; kPJ itj; j pUf; F k; md; g pdhy;
kl]Lnkad;wp ntW ve;j fhuzKk; fpilahJ.”
- m#;ug] myp jhdtp.
3. “fle;J tpl]l mQkj; u$h fhd; u!pay;yhQ%md;Q%
jd;Dila fhyj;jpy; “nguwpthsdhf” tps|;fpdhh].
,tUila xt;bthU @gj;tht[k; vjpuhd thjj;jpw;F
ey;y Mjhukhf mika[k.; nkYk; gog]gjw;F
jFjpahdjhf ,Uf;Fk;.”
- KaPDj;jPd; ej;tp
md; w hl cyf thH; f ; i fapd; kiwtpw; F Kd;
tH|; f pa filrp mwpt[ i ufs;
1. vd; D ila Md; k h/ vd; cliy tpl] L g[ w g] g Lk;
neuj;jpy;/ vd; mUfpy; ve;j tpj capUs;sitfspd;
cUtg]gl|;fs; vJt[k; ,Uf;fTlhJ.
2. Nuh ahrpida[k/; Nuh uhj;ija[k; mjpfkhf goa[|f; s;.
3. j+j; #hP@g]ig mjpfkjpfkhf XJ|;fs;.
4. mGgth]fis vd; gf;fj;jpypUe;J J}ukhf ita[|f ; s;.
5. Rd;dj;JfSf;nfw;wthW vd;id Fspg]ghl]L|;fs;.
6. kt;yhd Qhkpj; u$h my;yJ my;yhkh mk;$j; myp
u$pay;yhQ%md;Q%kh vdJ $dhrh bjhGifia
bjhH itf;f ntz:Lk;.
7. vd;Dila $dhrhit jhkjg]gLj;jhjPh]fs;.
8. vd;Dila $dhrhit J}f;Fk; nghJ/ “ fhgh nf
gj; U J$h/ Jk; gh] fnuhnlhd; ryhk; ” vd; g ij
XJ|;fs;.
9. vd;Dila g[fiHg] gw;wp vJt[k; gof;fhjPh]fs;.
10. vd;id kpft[k; nyrhf vd;Dila kz:ziwapy;
ita[|f ; s;.
68 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
11. vd;Dila “fg]iu” vd;Dila cauj;jpw;F Vw;wthW
MHg] g Lj; J |; f s; . Vbddpy; uNYy; y hQ;
!y;yy;yhQ% miyQpt!y;yk; vd; fg]hpy; tUk;
nghJ/ khpahij epkph] j ; j k; fhuzkhf/ ehd;
mth]fSf;fhf epd;W ryhk; gof;f ntz:Lk;.
12. vd;Dila f@gd; JzpahdJ Rd;dj;jpw;nfw;wthW
,Uf;f ntz:Lk;.
13. vd; D ila @ghj; j pQhtpy; itj; J Xjg] g Lk;
czthdJ/ ViHfSf;F fz:og]ghf bfhLf;fg]gl
ntz:Lk;.
14. Qhkpj; u$h vd;Dilatw;wpy; cs;sij rhpghjpahf
rpd; d tUf; F ( Q%$%h] K@g] j p M$k; Qpe; j ; )
u$pay; y hQ%md; Q %kh mth] f Sf; F fz: o g] g hf
bfhLf; f ntz: L k; . ,y; i ybad; w hy; vd; Md; k h
rhe;jpailahJ.
15. eP|; f s; vy; n yhUk; fz: o g] g hf jPdpy; epiyj; J
epy;Y|;fs;/ #hpmj;jpd; ghijia tpl]LtplhjPh]fs;.
ehd; ve;j jPdpy; gpd;gw;wp ,Ue;njndh mjpy; eP|;fs;
epiyj;J epy;Y|;fs;.
,khk; mQkj; u$h fhd;
u$pay; y hQ%md; Q %tpd; kiwt[
gnuy;tp #hP@g]gpd; kpd;Dk; Nhpad;/ cykhf;fspd;
fz:fspd; Fsph]r;rp/ E}w;whz:od; K$j;jpj;(,!;yhj;ij
cap+l] L gth] ) / jd; D ila neuj; j pd; bfsJ ehafk; /
jd;Dila neuj;jpd; ,khk; mg[ QdP@gh/ egpfs; ehafk;
!y; y y; y hQ% miyQpt!y; y k; mth] f spd;
g{e; n jhl] l j; j pypUe; J tUk; ,dpa nuh$hg] g {tpd; kzk; /
ira; a jpdh Myh Q$; u j; ,khk; mQkj; u$h fhd;
u$pay;yhQ%md;Q% mth]fs;/ $%k;khtpd; (bts;spf;fpHik)
gh|;F neuk; 2.38 pm/ 25!gh]/ Qp$;hp 1340 (28th October 1921)
cyfj;jpd; md;whl thH;f;ifapypUe;J kiwe;J/ thH;e;J
bfhz:oUf;fpwhh]fs;.
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 69
( “vd;Dila ghijapy; ,we;jth]fis/ ,we;jth]fs; vdf;
TwhjPh] f s; . mth] f Sf; F njitahd Mfhuj; i j ehnd
mspg]gtdhf cs;nsd;”
– jpUf;Fh]Md);
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fs;/
jd;Dila kiwtpd; neuj;ij 4 khj|;fs; 20 ehl]fSf;F
Kd;djhfnt fdpj;jpUe;jhh]fs;.
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fspd;
kiwt[ neuj; j py; rphpah ehl] i l rhh] e ; j typa[ y ; y hQ;
(,iwnerh] ) xUth] / jd; D ila fdtpy; g[ d pj egpfshh]
KQk; k j; !y; y y; y hQ% miyQpt!y; y ik igj; J y;
Kfj;j!py; fhz:fpwhh]fs;. g[dpj egpfshiu Rw;wp epiwa
rQhghf;fSk;/ typkhh]fSk; cl]fhh]e;jthW fz:lhh]fs;.
mth] f s; midtUk; ahnuh xUthpd; tUiff; f hf
fhj;jpUe;jdh].
jd;Dila fdtpy; me;j typa[yy ; hQ; (,iwnerh])
uNYy;yhQ; !y;yy;yhQ% miyQpt!y;yik nehf;fp/ “ah
uNYy;yhQ; !y;yy;yhQ% miyQp t!y;yk; ahUf;fhf
fhj;Jf; bfhz:oUf;fpwPh]fs;>” vd;W tpdt/ mjw;F g[dpj
egpfshh] “mQkj; u$h fhd;” vd;W Tw/ me;j ,iwnerh]
“mQkj; u$h fhd; vd; g th] ahh] > ” vd kPz: L k; nfl] f /
uNYy; y hQ; !y; y y; y hQ% miyQpt!y; y k; mth] f s;
“ gnuy;tpapypUe;J tUk; Mypk;” vd gjpyspj;jhh]fs;.
Mrph] t jpf; f g] g l] l ,iwnerh] (typa[ y ; y hQ] ) /
jd; D ila J}f; f j; j pypUe; J vGe; j t[ l d; cldoahf
rphpahtpypUe;J gnuy;tp #hP@g] ,Uf;Fk; ,e;jpahtpw;F te;jhh].
mth] gnuy; t p #hP@g] te; j ile; j nghJ/ Myh Q$; u j;
uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp cyfj; j pd; md; w hl
thH;fi; fapypUe;J kiwe;J ,Ue;jhh]fs;.
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fs; jkJ
beU|;fpath]fsplk; xU Kiw “ vd;Dila kiwtpd; rkak;
70 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
beU|; F k; nghJ ,e; j pah/ ,e; j pahthfj; j hd; ,Uf; F k; .
MdhYk; ehd; bfhZ;rk; Tl kf;fhtpy; caph] gphptJ nghy;
czu khl]nld;. vd;Dila Mirbay;yhk;/ <khDld; kjPdh
Kdt;tuhtpy; vdJ caph] gphpa ntz:Lk;. gpwF $d;dj;Jy;
gfPapy; ey;y Kiwapy; mlf;fk; Mf ntz:Lk;! vy;yhk; ty;y
my; y hQ; midj; i ja[ k ; bra; a f; Toatd; ! ” vd; W
Twpdhh]fs;.
kr(
kr(z)hh]
hh] #hP@g] (mlf; f !; j yk; )
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp cyfj;jpd;
md; w hl thH; f ; i fapypUe; J kiwe; J gnuy; t p #hP@g] /
cj; j pug] g punjrk; / ,e; j pahtpy; jdJ mlf; f !; j yj; i jf;
bfhz:L thH;eJ ; tUfpwhh]fs;. rgh] 25k; ehs; c+!; jpd tpHh
itgtj;jpy; cyfj;jpd; gy ghf|;fspypUe;J jpushd kf;fs;
te; J fye; J f; bfhz: L / Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp
miyQp mth]fspd; Mrpiag] bgw;W bry;fpd;wdh].
typa[yy ; hQ;ff; s; (,iwnerh]fs;) v|;Fk; ,Ug]ghh]fs;/
vy;yhtw;iwa[k; ghh]gg] hh]fs;/ nfl]ghh]fs;/ cjtp bra;thh]fs;/
ek;Kila ryhkpw;F gjpy; ryhk; TWthh]fs;/ ek;ik tHp
elj; J thh] f s; ( mth] f s; bgw; w btw; w p ghijapy; )
nghd;witfis ekf;F czh]j;jpa iranj Myh Q$;uj;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp/ ,iwneruhf fhl]rpaspj;J ekf;F
czh]jj ; paij bra;J bfhz:Lk; ,Uf;fpwhh]fs;.
,khk; mQkj; u$h u$pay; y hQ%md; Q %
mth] f shy; cyf K!; y pk; f s; mile; j
ed; i kfs;
1. cyf K!; y pk; f spd; <khd; / jtwhd
bfhs; i ffisa[ i la <khd; bfl; l tQhgpfs; /
fhjpahdp/ njt;ge;jp jg]yPfp $khj;/ mQ;ny QjP!;
kw; W k; gy rjpfhu Fk; g y; f spd; gpoapypUe; J
fhg]gw;wg]gl]lJ.
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 71
2. ,iwnerh]fspd; N@gp ghijfs;/ ,!;yhkpah]fSf;F
bjspthf g[ h pa itj; J / #hpmj; n j K!; j gh
!y; y y; y hQ% miyQpt!y; y k; bjspthf
czh]jj ; g]gl;lJ.
3. g[ d pj egpfshh] KQk; k j; !y; y y; y hQ%
miyQpt!y;yk; mth]fis nerpg]gJ <khdpd; caph]
vd;gij czh]jj; ehj; #hP@g] (egpfs; g[fH; ghkhiy)
ia vGjp/ kdjpdhy; cUfp ,d;gf; fhjypy; cyf
K!;ypk;fis ghl itj;J/ ,iwfhjy; Rfj;ij bgw
itj;jhh]fs;.
4. 25f; F k; nkw; g l] l gy; f iyf; f Hf|; f s; (my; m $hh]
a[dpth]rpo/ ifnuh. gZ;rhg] a[dpth]rpo/ etc.,) Myh
Q$; u j; uQkJy; y hQp miyQp mth] f spd;
gilg]g[fis Muha;r;rp bra;J tUtJld; jj;jkJ
ghlj; j pl] l j; j py; Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp
miyQp mth]fspd; g[jj ; f|;fisa[k; nrh]jJ; cyf
mwptpay;/ Md;kPfk;/ ,!;yhkpar; rl]lk; Mfpatw;iw
bjs;sj;bjspthf cyfpw;F giwrhw;WfpwJ.
5. ,Jtiu 21 egh]fs; Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp
miyQp mth]fspd; gilg]gf [ isa[k/; Qd@gp
rl] l |; f isa[ k ; Muha; e ; J lhf; l h] (Ph.D) gl] l k;
bgw;Ws;sdh]. Muha; r ; r pfs; ,d; D k; bjhlh] e ; J
bfhz;oUf;fpd;wJ.
6. u!h mfhlkp(,|;fpyhe;J)/ u!h mfhlkp(,e;jpah)/
u!h mfhlkp (bjd; Mg] h pf; f h)/ IARF(nfush)
nghd;wtw;wpd; \yk; ,!;yhkpa tsh]r;rpg] gzpfs;
nkw; b fhs; s g] g l] L kf; f s; ,d; w st[ k ; gadile; J
tUfpd;wdh].
7. ,e;jpa murh|;fk; Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp
miyQp mth] f spd; ,!; y hkpa ,iwnerj;
72 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
jd;ikia tzf;fk; brYj;Jk; tpjkhf/ Myh Q$;uj;
uQkJy; y hQp miyQp mth] f spd; kr(z)hh]
#hP@g]ig jghy; jiyahf (Postage Stamp) btspapl]L
bfsutg]gLj;jpaJ. nkYk; fr]g{$; -mfkjhghj; - m$;kPh]
Myh
- gnuy; t p tiu bry; Y k; ,uapy; tz: o f; F “Myh
Q$; u j; vf; ! ; g pu!
pu!: ” vd; W bgahpl] L
bfsutg]gLj;jpa[ss ; J.
,J ,!;yhkpa khh]f;fj;jpw;F ,e;jpa murh|;fk;;
brYj;Jk; fz;zpaj;ijg; giwr]rhw;WfpwJ.
Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQptpd;
rpy gjpy; f s;
nfs; t pp:-
,iwnerh]fspd; (typkhh]fs;) $pahuj;ij bra;a[k;
nghJ vg] g o Kiwahf bra; a ntz: L k; > vd; b dd; d
Fh]MDila Maj;Jf;fs; Xj ntz:Lk;>
gjpy; :-
g[dpj ,iwnerh]fis $pahuj; bra;a Kw;gLk; nghJ/
krh(Z)h] #hP@g]gpd; fhy;gf;fkhf cs;ns EiHtJ rpwe;jJ
MFk;. Koe;jhy; krh(Z)h] #hP@g]gpypUe;J ehd;F iffs; ePsk;
js;sp epw;gJk; rpwe;jJ MFk;. kpjkhd Fuypy; gpd;tUkhW
ryhk; Twyhk;. “ m!;!yhK miyf;Fk; ! ah ira;ajp !
t uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp ! t gufhjQ% ! “ gpd;g[ @ghj;jpQhit
gpd;tUkhW Xjyhk;.
1. j+nj bfsrpah – 3 jlit ( my;yhQ%k;kh !y;yp
myh ira;ajpdh t kt;yhdh KQk;kjpk; khjpdpy;
$%jp ty; fukp t miyQp t ghhpf; t !y;ypk;)
2. Nuh @ghj;jpQh - 1 jlit
3. Maj;Jy; Fh]!p - 1 jlit
4. Nuh ,f;yh!; - 7 jlit
5. j+nj bfsrpah - 7 jlit
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 73
nkYk; neukpUe;jhy; Nuh ah!Pd; kw;Wk; Nuh Ky;f;
Mfpatw;iw Xjp my;yhQ;tplk; gpd;tUkhW Jth nfl]fyhk;.
“ah my; y hQ; ! ehd; Xjpajw; F ghpfhukhf/ cd; D ila
btFkjpfis cd;Dila bfhil Fzj;jpw;F Vw;whw; nghy;
vdf;F mspg]ghahf! vd;Dila jFjpahd braiy bghWj;J
my; y . kw; W k; cdJ btFkjpfis cd; D ila
njh] e ; b jLf; f g] g l] l moahh] f s; ( ek; Kd; d hy; ,Uf; F k;
,iwnerhpd; bghUl]lhy; ) \ykhf vdf;F tH|;Fthahf!”
– Mkpd;.
gpwF moahh]fs; j|;fSf;F ntz:oa KuhJf;fis
#hpmj;jpw;F fl]Lg]gl]L my;yhQ;tplk; Jth nfl]L/ ,e;j
Jthit ,iwnerhpd; t!Pyhitf; bfhz:L Vw;Wf;
bfhs;thahf vd;W Twp/ Jth nfl]L Koj;J tpl]L kPz:Lk;
xUKiw kpjkhd Fuypy; nkw;TwpathW ryhik Twptpl]L
tpil bgwyhk;.
nfs;tp vz: 169/ gf;fk; 212
ghfk; 4/ g[j;jfk;- @gj;thna u$;tpah
nfs;tp :-
,g] b ghGJ ehk; fhqk; tQhgpfspd; Tl] l k;
Fy@ghna uh#pjPdf ; Sila fhyf; fl]lj;jpnyna btspg]gl]L
tpl]lhh]fsh>
gjpy; :-
ira;ajpdh mg]Jy;yh ,g]D mg]gh!; u!pay;yhQ%
md;Q% mth]fs;/ mkPUy; \kpdPd; ira;ajpdh myp Kh]j!h
u!pay;yhQ% md;Q% mth]fsplk; mDkjp bgw;Wf; bfhz:L
mkPUy; \kpDila vjphpfsplk; brd; w hh] f s; . me; j
FHg] g thjpfsplk; “ ve; j tp#aj; j py; eP|; f s; mkPUy;
\kpdPDld; cld;gof;if ,y;yhky; ,Uf;fpwPh]fs;>” vd;W
tpdt/ mjw; F me; j f; Tl] l k; / “vjw; f hf rp@g] g PDila
gpur; r pidapy; ra; a jpdh mg[ \!h m$hhp u$pay; y hQ%
md;Q%it eLtuhf (jPh]g]g[ mspg]gtuhf) mkPUy; \kpdPd;
epakpj;jhh]fs;>” ,J “#ph]f;” MFk;.
74 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
(mJ #ph]f/; ,J #ph]f; vd;w a[fj
; piajhd;/ ,d;iwa
tQhgpfSk; mjpfkhf gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdh]. egpfs; ehafk;
!y;yy;yhQ% miyQpt!y;ykpd; kiwthd Zhdj;ij
gw; w p Fwpg] g pLk; nghJ/ cz: i kahd K!; y pk; f s; mij
“mjhap- my;yhQ;tpd; mUl]bfhil” vd;Wk;/ “$hj;jp –
jdpg] g l] l J” ,y; i y vd; W k; TWthh] f s; . Mdhy; ,ij
tQhgpfs; / uNy; !y; y y; y hQ% miyQpt!y; y Kf; F
kiwthd Zhdk; vd;gJ fpilahJ vd;Wk;/ mg]go cs;sJ
vd;W epidg]gpd; “#ph]f;” MFk; vd;W Twp jphpfpd;wdh].)
FHg]gthjpfs;/ my;yhQ; jpUkiwapy; “ jPh]gg ] hdJ
my;yhQ;tpd; g[wj;jpnyapUe;J tUk;. ntW ahhplkpUe;Jk;
,y;iy.” vd;wdh;;. ira;ajpdh mg]Jy;yh ,g]D mg]gh!;
u$pay;yhQ% md;Q% “ my;yhQ; jpUf;Fh]Mdpny ,g]goa[k;
TWfpwhd; - fztd; kidtpf;F ,ilna jfuhW Vw;gl]lhy;/
fztDk; kidtpa[ k ; mtuth] f s; gf; f khf xU eLtiu
epakpj;Jf; bfhs;S|;fs;. kw;Wk; ,UtUk; kW Mnyhrid
bra; j hy; / my; y hQ; ,Utiua[ k ; nrh] j ; J itg] g tdhf
cs;shd;.” vd;whh]fs;.
ira;ajpdh mg]Jy;yh ,g]D mg]gh!; u$pay;yhQ%
md;Q% jpUf;Fh]Mdpd; Maj;ij Twptpl]l gpd;g[/ “ vd;d
eP|;fs; jpUf;Fh]Mdpy; ,Uf;Fk; xU rpy fUj;Jf;fis Vw;Wf;
bfhz: L ek; g pf; i fahsuhfp/ xU rpy Maj; J f; f spd;
fUj;Jf;fis tpl]Ltpl]L F@g]h] bra;fpwPhf
] sh> vdf; nfl]lJk;.
me;jf; Tl]lj;jpy; cs;s ghjp ngh]fs; (5000 egh]fs;)
kd;dpg]gf[ n
; fhhp mkPUy; \kpdPDld; nrh]ej; dh]. kPjp ,Uf;ff;
Toa ghjp ngh]fs; (5000 egh]fs;) Kuz:ghlhfnt vjph]j;J
epd;wdh]. ,ijf; nfs;tpg] gl]l mkPUy; \kpdPd; kPjpapUf;ff;
Toath]fis bfhd;W tpLkhW cj;jut[ gpwg]gpj;jhh]fs;.
ira; a jpdh ,khk; Qrd; / ,khk; Q%ird; kw; W k;
rQhghf; f s; (u$pay; y hQ% md; Q %kh) rw; W f; ftiy
mile;jdh]. Vbddpy; me;jf; Tl]lj;jhh]fs; ,ut[ KGtJk;
epd; W bjhGfpd; w dh] . gfy; KGtJk; jpUf; F h] M d;
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 75
XJfpd;wdh]. ,th]fSf;F vjpuhf vg]go this cah]jJ
; tJ>
vd;W jaf;fk; bfhz:ldh].
mt;ntisapy; myp Kh]j!h u$pay;yhQ% md;Q%
mth] f s; / uNYy; y hQ; !y; y y; y hQ% miyQpt!y; y k;
,f;Tl]lj;jhiug] (tQhgpfs;) gw;wp Kd;djhfnt mwptpg]g[
bra; j ij vLj; J f; Twpdhh] f s; . “ ,!; y hj; j py; FHg] g k;
tpistpg]gth]fs; j|;fSila btspg]gilahd ,ghjj;jpy;
jPtpukhf ,Ug]ghh]fs;(nehd;g/[ bjhGif/ Q$;/etc.,) Mdhy;
,th]fs; jPid tpl]L tpy;ypUe;J tpLgl]l mk;igg] nghy;
btspnawptpl]ldh]. vg]bghGJk; ,th]fs; kPzL : k; jPdpd; gf;fk;
jpUk;g khl]lhh]fs;. ,th]fs; XJk; jpUf;Fh]Md; ,th]fSila
bjhz:ilfSf;F fPH; ,w|;fhJ” vd;whh]fs;.
mkPUy; \kpdPd; ira; a jpdh myp Kh] j !h
u$pay; y hQ% md; Q % mth] f spd; fl] l isf; f pz|; f
tQhgpfSld; $pQhj; bra;tjw;F K!;ypk; gil jahuhdJ.
$pQhj; ele;J bfhz:oUf;Fk; ntisapy;/ mkPUy; \kpdPd;
mth]fSf;F rpy vjphpfs; Mw;w|;fiuia flf;f nghtjhf
jfty; te; j J. mkPUy; \kpdPd; jd; D ila jf; t htpd;
(gagf; j p) fhuzkhf/ “ my; y hQ; t pw; f hf! vjphpfspy;
midtUk; Mw; w pd; ,e; j g] gf; f j; j pnyna bfhd; w hf
ntz:Lk;” vdf; Twp gilj;jsgjpfis Jhpjg]gLj;jpdhh]. mkPh]
jd;Dila gilfSf;F “ vjphpfspd; rly|;fis njL|;fs;/
mth] f spy; $%y; jhjpah bjd; g l] l hy; / cyfpnyna kpf
bfhoatdhd mtid bfhd;WtpL|;fs;. eP|f ; s; mtid tpl]L
tpl]Oh]fshdhy;/ cyfpYs;s rpwe;j kdpjh]fis bfhd;W
Ftpj;jJ nghy; MFk;.” vd;W Twp njliy Muk;gpj;jdh].
rpy rly|; f Sf; F moapy; rgpf; f g] g l] l me; j f;
bfhoatd; ,we;J fple;jhd;. mtDila xU if bgz:zpd;
khh]gfk; nghd;w totpy; rpijf;fg]gl]oUe;jJ. ,ijg] ghh]jj ;
mkPUy; \kpdPd; ira;ajpdh myp Kh]j!h u$pay;yhQ%
md;Q% kpFe;j cah]e;j Fuypy; jf;gPh; ( my;yhQ% mf;gh])
KH|;fp/ my;yhQ;it nghw;wpg] g[fH;e;jhh]. FHg]gthjpfis
g{kpapypUe;J mg]g[wg]gLj;jpajw;fhf my;yhQ;tpw;F ed;wp
brYj;jpdhh]fs;.
76 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
gpwF mkPUy; \kpdPd; ira; a jpdh myp Kh] j !h
u$pay; y hQ% md; Q % jkJ gilfis nehf; f p/ “ ,e; j
rgpf;fg]gl]l ghtpfspd; Tl]lk; Kw;wpYkhf mHpe;J tpl]lJ
vd;W epidf;fpwPh]fsh> epr;rakhf ,y;iy! ,d;Dk; epiwa
ngh] jd;Dila jhapd; fUtiwapYk;/ ,d;Dk; epiwa ngh]
jd;Dila je;ijapd; tpe;jDtpYk; ,Uf;fpd;wdh]. ,th]fspy;
xU Tl]lk; Kw;wpYkhf mHpf;fg]gl]lhy; kw;bwhU Tl]lk; g[jpa
@gpj;dh/ FHg]g|;fnshL tUthh]fs;. ,e;j rgpf;fg]gl]l Tl;lk;/
rgpf;fg]gl]l j$;$hypd; tUif tUk; tiu bjhlUk;!” vd
tQhgpfs; gw;wpf; TWfpwhh]fs;.
,e;j tQhgpfs; vjph]fhyj;jpy; j|;fis ,!;yhj;jpd;
rPh]jpUj;jthjpfs; vdf; Twpf; bfhz:L btspgLthh]fs; vd;W
rQP QjP!; #hP@g] g py; rpy milahs|; f isa[ k ;
Fwpg]gplg]gl]Ls;sJ. mtw;wpy; rpytw;iw ,|;F ghh]gn
] ghk;!
1. c|; f Sila bjhGiffs; / mth] f spd;
bjhGiffnshL xg] g pLk; nghJ/ mJ
rpwg]gpy;yhjhft[k/; Fiwt[ss ; jhft[k; ,Uf;Fk;. ,nj
nghy; c|;fSila nehd;g[k;/ ey;yr; bray;fSk;
mth] f Sld; xg] g pLk; nghJ Fiwt[ s ; s jhfnt
fhzg]gLk;.
2. mth] f s; jpUf; F h] M d; XJthh] f s; / Mdhy; mJ
mth]fspd; bjhz:ilfSf;F fPH; ,w|;fhJ.
3. mth]fsJ vGj;Jf;fSk;/ ngr;Rf;fSk; ,dpikahf
njhw;wkspf;Fk;. xt;bthU fhhpaj;jpYk; btw;wpg]
gofl]Lfis milthh]fs;.
4. mth] f spd; epiyahdJ tpy; y pypUe; J ,yf; i f
nehf;fp tpLgl]l mk;igg] nghd;wjhFk;.
5. bkhl] i lj; jiya[ l d; ,Ug] g J/ mth] f spd;
milahs|;fspy; xd;whFk;.
6. mth]fspd; ,Lg]g[ Milfs; bfz:il fhypypUe;J
kpft[k; cah]ej
; jhff; fhzg]gLk;.
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 77
ira; a jpdh Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp
miyQp nkYk; TWifapy; :-
g[ d pj egpfshh] !y; y y; y hQ% miyQpt!y; y k;
Q%idd; nghh]f;fsj;jpy; ifg]gw;wpa bghUl]fis g|;fpl]L
tH|;fpf; bfhz:oUe;jhh]fs;. mg]nghJ xUtd; (me;j fhyj;J
tQhgp) g[dpj egpfshh] !y;yy;yhQP miyQpt!y;yk;
g|;fpl]L bfhLf;Fk; Kiw rhpapy;iy vd;Wk;/ rpyh] rpyiuf;
fhl]oYk; mjpfkhft[k;/ rpyh] rpyiuf; fhl]oYk; Fiwthf
bgWtjhff; Twpdhhd;. ,ijf; nfl]l ira;ajpdh ckh] @ghUf;
u$pay;yhQ% md;Q% “ ah! uNYy;yhQ;! ,e;j Kdh@gpf;fpd;
(eatZ;rfd;) jiyia btl]o tPH;j;Jtjw;F mDkjpia
jhU|;fs;” vd;whh]fs;. mjw;F my;yhQ;tpd; egp/ “tpl]L
tpL|;fs; Vbdd;why; ,g]gog]gl]l ,e;j khjphp kf;fs;
gpwg]gpdpny ,g]goj;jhd;” vd;W Twptpl]L g[dpj egpfshh] “
Jujp#;lkhf/ ehd; c|;fsplk; ePjpa[ld; elf;fh tpl]lhy;/ ntW
ahh] c|; f splk; ePjpa[ l d; elg] g hh] > vd; i df; fhl] o Yk;
Jd; g j; i j mjpfk; jh|; f pa vdJ rnfhjuh] \!h
miyQpryhk; kPJ my;yhQ; jd; fUizia bghHpal]Lk;”
vd;whh]fs;.
g[d
[ pj egpfshh] !y;yy;yhQ% miyQpt!y;yik ePjp
bjhpahky; g|;fpl]L bfhLf;fpwhh] vd;W egpfshh] kPnj Fiw
brhy;ypa/ mnj Kdh@gpf;Ffs; (tQhgpfs;) jhd;/ ,d;Wk;
g[dpj egpfshhpd; kPJ Fiw ( kiwthd Zhdk; ,y;iy/
Kd;gpd; ghtk; bra;jth]/ rhjuz kdpjh] – kh$(z)y;yh!)
brhy;ypj; jphpfpd;wdh].
xU ehs; g[ d pj egpfshh] !y; y y; y hQ% miyQp
t!y;yk; rQhgh bgUkf;fs; NH ,Ue;jhh]fs;. mg]nghJ
xUtd; (me; j fhyj; J tQhgp) k!; $ pjpd; (gs; s pthry; )
thrypy; epd; W tpl] L / cldoahf k!; $ pnj egtp
gs;spthrYf;Fs; brd;Wtpl]lhd;. g[dpj egpfshh] !y;yy;yhQP
miyQpt!y;yk; rQhghf;fis nehf;fp/ “ c|;fspy; ahh]
mtid bfhd; W tpl] L tUtPh] f s; > ” vdf; nfl] l Jk; /
78 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
ira;ajpdh mg{gf;fh] rpj;jpf; u!pay;yhQ% md;Q% vGe;J
brd;whh]fs;. me;j kdpjd; bjhGifapy; ,Ue;jhd; mjdhy;
tpl]Ltpl]L te;J epiyikia g[dpj egpfshh] !y;yy;yhQ%
miyQp t!y;ykplk; Twpdhh]fs;.
kPz: L k; g[ d pj egpfshh] !y; y y; y hQ% miyQp
t!y;yk; “ ahh] mtid bfhy;tPh]fs;>” vdf; nfl]lJk;/
ra;ajpdh ckh] @ghUf; u!pay;yhQ% md;Q% me;j kdpjid
nehf;fp brd;whh]fs;. mtd; (tQhgp) bjhGifapd; epiyapny
,Ue;jjhy; mtUk; tpl]Ltpl]L te;J tpl]lhh]fs;.
\d;whtJ Kiwahf g[dpj egpfshh] !y;yy;yhQ%
miyQp t!y;yk; “ ahh] mtid bfhy;tPh]fs;>” vd;wJk;
ira;ajpdh myp my;Kh]j!h u$pay;yhQ%md;Q% vGe;J
epd;W “ehd; mtid bfhd;W tpLntd;” vd;whh]fs;. mjw;F
g[dpj egpfshh] “Mk;/ c|;fshy; Koa[k; Mdhy; eP|;fs;
mtid fhz khl]Oh]fs;” vd;whh]fs;.
ira;ajpdh myp u$pay;yhQ%md;Q% k!;$pJd; egtp
brd; w ile; j nghJ/ me; j kdpjd; (tQhgp) m|; f pUe; J
Kd;djhfnt btspnawp ,Ue;jhd;. egpfs; !y;yy;yhQ%
miyQp t!y;yk;/ myp u$pay;yhQ%md;Q%it nehf;fp
“eP|f
; s;/ mtid bfhd;W ,Ug]gPhf] shapd;/ ,e;j ck;kj;jpy;
tuf;Toa FHg]g|;fis vy;yhk; ePff ; path]fshf ,Ug;gPhf
] s;.”
vd;whh].
mtd;jhd; tQhgprj;jpd; je;ij. mtDila re;jjpfs;
jhd; ,d;W ehk; fhqk; tQhgpfs;. ,th]fs; jhd; g{kpapy;
FHg] g k; / rz: i l/ rr; r ut[ f is ,e; j ck; k j; j py;
njhw;Wtpg]gth]fs;. me;jf; bfhoa kdpjd; gs;spthrypd;
thapypy; epd;w fzk;/ uNYy;yhQ; !y;yy;yhQ% miyQp
t!y;ykpd; xU ghh]it/ mtDila kdjpy; cs;stw;iw
vy; y hk; mwpe; j J! Mk; / mtd; (tQhgp) kdjpy; “,e; j
k$;yp!py; jd;id tpl rpwe;jth] ahUkpy;iy vdt[k.; jd;id
tpl bjhGtjpYk;/ gagf;jpapYk; rpwe;jth] vtUkpy;iy vd;w
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 79
fh]tKk; ,Ue;jJ.” cz:ikapy; bjhGif vd;gJ g[dpj
egpfshh] !y;yy;yhQ% miyQpt!y;ykpd; bfhil kw;Wk;
fUizna vd;gij bjhpahky; ,Ue;jhd;.
g[ d pj egpfshh] KQk; k j; !y; y y; y hQ%
miyQpt!y;ykpd; rPhpa moik Mfhjtiuapy; xU nerd;
my;yhQ;tpd; moik Mf KoahJ! vdnt jhd; my;yhQ;
jpUkiwapy; “ my;yhQ;tpd; kPJk; egpapd; kPJk; ek;gpf;if
bfhz:L thU|;fs; kw;Wk; uNypd; kPJ khpahijiaa[k;/
fz:zpaKk; brYj;J|;fs;. my;yhQ;it ,ut[k;/ gfYk;
g[fG|;fs;(bjhGif).” vdf; TWfpwhd;. <khdpd; Kf;fpa
m|;fk; vJbtd;why; uNypd; (egpapd;) kPJ itf;Fk;
khpahijna MFk;. egpapd; kPJ khpahij ,y;yhky; ve;j
totpy; nehd;g/[ bjhGif/ Q$; vd;W ,ghjj; ,Ue;jhYk; mJ
mh] j ; j kw; w J (tPzhdJ). ,d; i wa cyfpy; Vfg] g l] l
mg]Jy;yhf;fs; ( my;yhQ;tpd; moik) ,Uf;fpd;wdh]. Mdhy;
cz:ikahd kw;Wk; ek;gpf;ifahd mg]Jy;yh vd;gJ ahh]
xUth] mg]nj-K!;j@gh (egpapd; moik) !y;yy;yhQ%
miyQpt!y; y k; ,Uf; f pd; w hnuh mtnuahthh] . mg] g o
,y; i ybad; w hy; me; j (egh] ) moik/ mg] n j-i#j; j hd;
(rgpf;fg]gl]l rhj;jhdpd; moik) Mthh]. my;yhQ%jhyh
kd;dpf;fl]Lk;! Mjhuk; - my;ky;@g{!hj; #hP@g]
,khk; mQkj; u$h fhd;
u$pay; y hQ%md; Q %tpd; vjphpfs;
ira;ajpdh Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp
mth]fSf;F jdpg]gl]l Kiwapy; ve;j vjphpfSk; fpilahJ.
egpfs; ehafk; KQk;kj; !y;yy;yhQ% miyQpt!y;ykpd;
vjphpfns Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fspd;
vjphpfs; Mthh] . ve; j tpjj; j pYk; egpfs; ehafj; j pd;
khpahijiaa[ k ; / rpwg] i ga[ k ; Fiwf; F k; tpjj; j py;
Kdh@gpf;Ffs; bray;gl]lhy;/ Kdh@gpf;Ffis cyfj;jpw;F
milahsk; fhl]Lk; tpjkhf Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp
miyQp jdJ vGj; j pYk; / braypYk; tQhgpfSf; F
80 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
rhl] i lao bfhLg] g hh] f s; . vdnt jhd; tQhgpfSila
ghh]itapy; Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp vjphpahf
bjhpfpd;whh]fs;.
bghJthfnt Muk; g f; fhyj; j pypUe; J tQhgpfs;
jpUf;Fh]Md;/ QjP!; #hP@g] nghd;wtw;iw jkJ Fiwthd
mwptpd; brayhy; jtwhd mh]j;j|;fis bfhz:L mjw;F
j@g] ! PUk; / tpsf; f t[ i uia vGjpa[ k ; mjw; F jkJ
Kl] l hs; j dkhd tpahf; f pdKk; bra; J vg] g oa[ [ k ; cyf
K!;ypk;fspd; <khid ehrg]gLj;jp btWk; bjhGif/ nehd;g/[
Q$; nghd;w btspg;gilahd ,ghjj;Jfs; bra;af; Toa
nuhnghf;fshf (,ae;jpu bghk;ik) khw;w ntz:Lk; vd;W
f|; | zk; fl] o f; b fhz: L rgpf; f g] g l] l rhj; j hndhL if
nfhh]j;Jf;bfhz:L Ch] KGtJk; Rw;wpr] Rw;wp tUfpd;wdh].
bgaustpy; j|;fis ,!;yhj;jpd; rPh]jpUj;jthjpfs; vdt[k/;
rpy;yh ngha; (40 ehs;/ 6 khjk;) jPidf; fw;Wf; bfhs;syhk;
vd;W Twp ghku kf;fis FHg]gp - <khid KG mstpy; ehrk;
bra;fpd;wdh].
,e;j tQhgpfspy;/ rpyh] vd;dbtd;W bjhpahknyna
Ml]Lke;ij nghy; tQhgpfspd; gpd;dhy; bry;gth]fs; xU
gf; f k; . vy; y hk; bjhpe; J k; / mwpe; J k; cyfj; j pd;
Mjhaj;jpw;fhf ( gzk;/ gjtp/ kz;zhir/ bgz;zhir)
tQhgpfspd; gpd;dhy; bry;Yk; eatZ;rfh]fs; xU gf;fk;. ahh]
vg]go te;jhYk; rhp/ <khid bfLg]gJ kl]Lnk v|;fs; ntiy
vd;W tHp elj;Jk; jiyth]fs;(mkPh]fs;). ,t;thW ,th]fspy;
gy uf|;fs;. ,th]fspd; (tQhgpfspd;) xt;bthU jtwhd
fUj;Jf;fis fisj;J/ ghku K!;ypk; kf;fis fhg]ghw;Wk;
vz; z j; j py; ira; a jpdh Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp
miyQp jdJ Md; k Pf bka; Z hd Mw; w yhy; rhpahd
Mjhu|; f is bfhLj; J / tQhgpaf; bfhs; i ffSf; F
Kl]Lf;fl]il nghl]lhh]fs;.
ira;ajpdh Myh Q$;uj; uQkJy;yhQp miyQp/
jpUf;Fh]Md; - QjPJ #hP@g]ig mog]gilahff; bfhz:L
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 81
tQhgpaf; bfhs;iffSf;F vjpuhfj; jUk; Mjhu|;fSf;Fk;/
tpsf;f|;fSf;Fk; gjpy; ju Koahky; jpzwpa tQhgpfs;.
j|;fspd; vjphpahff; fUjp Myh Q$;uj; uQkJy;yhQp
miyQpapd; kPJ tPz:gHpfisa[k;/ Fw;w|;fisa[k; Rkj;jp
jphpfpd;wdh]. vd;d jhd; fhpa nkf|;fs; gnuy;tpapd; Nhpaid
kiwj;jhYk;/ Nhpad; kiwa[kh>
jpUf; F h] M d; / QjPJ #hP@g] nghd; w tw; w pd;
bkhHpg] b gah] g ] g [ f is jhd; n jhd; w pj; j dkhf vGjpa
ijhpaj;jpd; fhuzkhf/ m|;F ifia itj;J/ ,|;F ifia
itj;J filrpapy; “Myh Q$;uj; uQkJy;yhQp miyQp
jk;ik egp vd;W brhy;fpwhh]” vd;W Twp/ mjw;F Mjhuk; Myh
Q$;uj; vGjpa g[jj ; fnk vd;W j|;fspd; tHf;fkhd
bgha;ahd ntiyia bjhlh]e;jdh]. ,jw;F vjph]g]g[ jUk;
tpjj;jpy; iraj; #h Mny uNy; e$;kp r$;$hjh e#Pd; vd;gth]/
,g] g o bgha; f is Twpa njt] g e; j p jg] y Pf; $khj; j pd;
cw;gj;jpahsh]fs; kju!hit nrh]e;j bksytp ,g]uhQpk;
Mjk; (Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp jk;ik egp
vdr; brhy;fpwhh] vd bgha; Twpatd;) kPJ/ rthy; tpl]lhh]fs;.
mJ vd;dbtd;why; Twpa bgha;ia/ cz:ik vd epUgpj;jhy;
1 ,yl]r +gha; ghprhf tH|;fg]gLk; vd;whh]. ,Jtiu bksytp
,g]uhQpk; Mjk; tutpy;iyahk;. ,d;Wk; ve;j tQhgpaf;
bfhs;if bfhz:l jiyth]fSk; bksytp ,g]uhQpk; Mjk;
Twpa bgha;ia/ cz:ik vd epUgpj;jhy; 1 ,yl]r +gha;
ghpir jl]or; bry;yyhk;.
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fs;
ekf;F Twpa “ehd; ve;j jPdpy; gpd;gw;wp ,Ue;njndh/ mjpy;
eP|; f s; epiyj; J epy; Y |; f s; ” vd; g ij jtwhf mh] j ; j k;
bfhz:L njt]ge;jp jg]yPf; $khj; kju!hitr; rhh]ej ; bksytp
,g]uhQpk; Mjk; “Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp
jd; D ila moahh] f is (kf; f is) jd; i dg] gpd; g w; w
brhy;fpwhh]. ,!;yhj;ij tpl]Ltpl]L xUtiu gpd;gw;WtJ
#ph]f; MFk;” vd;W Twp kf;fis FHg]gp tUfpd;wdh].
82 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fis
gpd; g w; W gth] f s; kf; f h/ kjPdh brd; w hYk; k!; $ pnj
QuhkpYk;/ k!;$pnj egtpa;apYk; ,khk;fis gpd; bjhlh]eJ
tQhgp ,khk; / ,khkj; bra; a [ k ; nghJ bjhHkypUg; g J
(tQhgp J)
bjhGtjpy;iy vd ,g]uhQpk; Mjk; Fw;wk; rhLfpwhh]. Mk;
,J cz: i kjhd; ! Vd; ,khk; f is gpd; bjhlh] e ; J
bjhGtjpy; i y vd; w hy; / kf; f h/ kjPdhit rhh] e ; j gy
cykhf;fs; ,g]D ijkpa;ah/ KQk;kj; ,g]D mg]Jy; tQhg]
e$; j p nghd; w bfhs; i f bfl] l tQhgpa muRfshy;
epakpf;fg]gl]l ,khk;fs; Mth]. bfhs;if bfl]lth]fspd; gpd;
; b jhlh] e ; J bjhGjhy; / J}ath] f spd; bjhGifa[ k ;
ghjpf; f g] g Lk; ! vd; g J mQ; n y Rd; d j; ty; $khmj; j pd;
jPh]ff; khd fUj;jhFk;.
,d;Dk; gythW Twp ghku kf;fis/ Myh Q$;uj;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQptpd; bjhlh]gpdpypUe;J mWj;J
tpl]lhy;/ kPjpapUg]gth]fisa[k; Rygkhf tQhgpfshf khw;wp
tplyhk; vd; g J ,th] f spd; (tQhgpfspd; ) kw; W k;
rhj; j hDila Tl] L f; fdthFk; . ,iwnerh] f s; j hd;
(typkhh] f s; ) ! my; y hQ; t pd; ghijapy; btw; w pg]
bgw;wth]fs;! mth]fs; ele;njwpa ghijapnyna/
ek;ika[k; my;yhQ; tHp elj;Jthdhf! – Mkpd;.
k!; y f; n f Myh Q$; u j; ( Leader)
ira;ajpdh Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp
mth] f s; ,!; y hj; j pd; rPhpa gzpahsuhf ,Ue; j jdhy;
my;yhQ; kw;Wk; uNy; !y;yy;yhQ% miyQpt!y;yk;
mth] f spd; btFkjpia bgw; w hh] f s; . Myh Q$; u j;
uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp ve; j xU rkaj; i ja[ k ;
(khh]f;fj;ija[k;) jd;Dila bgahpy; njhw;Wtpj;jjpy;iy.
khwhf ,!;yhj;jpd; <khid (ek;gpf;ifia) cz:ikahd
tHpapy; fhl] o dhh] f s; . mjdhyna Myh Q$; u j;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fis k!;yf;nf Myh Q$;uj;
vd; W k; k!; y f; n f mQ; n y Rd; d j; t y; $khmj; vd; W k;
miHf;fpnwhk;.
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 83
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp/ mQ;ny
Rd; d j; t y; $khj; j pd; jPh] f ; f khd bfhs; i ffis jkJ
; ftpijapd; Kyk; uNYy; y hQ; !y; y y; y hQ%
miyQpt!y; y ikg] gw; w p ,t; t hW Fwpg] g pLfpwhh] f s; .
(cUJtpy;)
my;yhQ; fp rh] j ghfjk; #hd; iQ V.
“my;
,d; r h eQp ,d; r hd; / nth ,d; r hd; iQ V.
Fh]Md; njh <khd; gjhjh iQ ,ndQ;.
<khd; V fQjh iQ/ v nkhp $hd; iQ V. V.”
,jd; mh]jj
; khtJ/
“jiy Kjy; fhy; g ] g hjk; tiu my; y hQ; t pd;
bgUikia btspf;bfhzUgtnu!
,tiug] nghd; W kdpjh] ahUk; fpilahJ! mth]
kdpjuhf ,Uf;fpwhh]!
Fh]Md; ,th]fs; <khd; vd fhl]LfpwJ! Mdhy;!<khd;
brhy;fpwJ ,th]jhd; (uNy; !y;yy;yhQ% miyQpt!y;yk;
jhd;) vd; caph]!”
,e; j f; ftpij egpfs; ehafk; !y; y y; y hQ%
miyQpt!y; y k; Qh$ph] / eh$ph] / v|; F k; ,Uf; f pwhh] /
jk;Kila Zhdf; fz:fshy; ek; vy;nyhiua[k; ghh]ff ; pwhh]fs;/
bjhGifapy; ek;ik ghh]ff ; pwhh]/ mjdhyna mj;jQahj;J
,Ug] g py; “ ah ma; a [ Q d; egpa; a [ t uQkJy; y hQp
gufhjQ%” vd;W khpahija[ld; TWk;nghJ ehafk; ek;ik
ghh] f ; f pwhh] f s; / ehk; ghh] f ; f htpl] l hYk; rhpna! nghd; w
bfhs;iffis vj;jp itf;fpd;wJ.
Q$;uj; Q!;!hd; ,g]D rhgpj; u$pay;yhQ%md;Q%
vd;w rQhgp (egpehafj; njhHh]) rpwe;j ftpijahsh] Mthh].
ftpijfis brhy; t jw; f hf uNYy; y hQ; !y; y y; y hQ%
miyQpt!y;yk;/ ,tiu gs;spthry; nkilapy; (kpk]ghpy;)
Tl Vw; w papUf; f pwhh] f s; . ,tUf; F Rgr; bra; j piaa[ k ;
uNYy; y hQ; !y; y y; y hQ% miyQpt!y; y k;
84 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
tH|;fpa[ss; hh]fs;. ,e;j rQhgp jd;Dila ftpijapy; ekJ
ehafj;ij gpd;tUkhW nghw;Wfpwhh]fs;. “fz:fs; c|;fis
tpl mw; g [ j k; xd; i w fz: l jhf rhl] r p TwhJ! ve; j g]
bgz: k zpa[ [ k ; c|; f isg] nghd; w bjhU mw; g [ j j; i j
bgw;bwLj;jJkpy;iy/ ,dpg] bgwg]nghtJkpy;iy! eP|;fs;
vy; y htpj ght|; f spypUe; J k; tpLgl] l th] f s; ! eP|; f s;
tpUk;gpathnw c|;fis my;yhQ; gilj;jhd;.”
Mjhuk; - +Q%y; FJ}!;
jg] y Pf; $khj; njt] g e; j p tQhgpfs; / bjsQPJ
tQhgpfs;/ jLkhw;w thjpfs;/ ,!;yhkpah vd;w bgahpy; tyk;
tUk; bgha;ah]fs;/ gFjp16-Nuh my;fh@g] (110) tUfpw
Maj;jpd; go
“egpna brhy;Y|;fs;/ njhw;wj;jpy; ehDk; c|;fisg]
nghd;W kdpjd; jhd;. ehd; tQpfis/ c|;fs; my;yhQ;thfpa
xUtdplkpUe; J bgWgtdhf ,Uf; f pd; n wd; . ” vd; g ijf;
vLj;Jf; bfhz:L egpa[k; ek; nghd;w rhjuz kdpjh]jhd; vd
ijhpakhf brhy;ypf;bfhz:L Rw;wpj; jphpfpd;wdh]. kh$(z)y;yh!
my;yhQ; ,th]fis kd;dpf;fl]Lk;! vd;d ,th]fs; vy;yhk;
my;yhQ;tpDila tQpia bgWgth]fsh> vd;d ijhpak;
,th]fSf;F> egpf;F epfuhf jk;ika[k; ghtpf;fpd;wdh] ,e;j
bgha;ah]fs;!
,e;j bgha;ah]fs; jpUf;Fh]MDila xU trdj;ij
vLj; J f; bfhz: L k; / kw; b whU trdj; i j epuhfhpj; J k;
elg] g th] f s; . Mdhy; cz: i kahd mQ; n y Rd; d j; t y;
$khmj; i j rhh] e ; j \kpd; f s; jpUf; F h] M Dila vy; y h
trd|; f isa[ k ; KGikahf Vw; W elg] g th] f s; . me; j
\kpd; f s; mwpthh] f s; uNy; !y; y y; y hQ% miyQp
t!y;yKila fz:fs; kw;w vy;yhf; fz:fisf; fhl]oYk;
ntWgl]lJ! mtUila fhJfs; kw;w vy;yhf; fhJfisf;
fhl]oYk; ntWgl]lJ!
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 85
Mk; mjdhy; j hd; ehafkth] f s; TWfpwhh] f s; “
vd; D ila fz: f s; J}|; f pdhYk; vd; D ila ,jak;
J}|;Ftjpy;iy” vdnt cykh bgUkf;fs; TWfpwhh]fs; egp
!y;yy;yhQ% miyQpt!y;yk; mth]fs; kw;w egpkhh]fs;/
kyf; F fisf; fhl] o Yk; vy; y htw; w pYk; Kjd; i kahd
goj; j uk; bfhz: l th] . vdnt mtUila fz: f s; KG
cyfj; i ja[ k ; xU ghh] i tapy; fpHf; f pypUe; J nkw; f hf
midj;ija[k; ghh]fF ; k; jd;ika[ilaJ. mtUila fhJfs;
thdj;jpy; tpGk; rpW fPwy;fisa[k; nfl]Fk; jd;ika[ilaJ.
mtUila \f;F Q$;uj; $pg]hPy; miyQp!yhk; mth]fspd;
tUifia thridahy; EfUk; jd;ika[ilaJ.
nkYk; egpfs; ehafk; !y; y y; y hQ%
miyQpt!y; y k; TWfpwhh] f s; / “ eP|; f s; ghh] f ; f
Koahjija[ k ; ehd; ghh] f ; f pd; n wd; / eP|; f s; nfl] f
Koahjija[ k ; ehd; nfl] f pd; n wd; . ” ,g] g og] g l] l
<khidj;jhd; Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp
ekf;F mspj;jhh]fs;. Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp
ekf;F brhy;ypj; je;jbjy;yhk; rQhghf;fs;/ jhgaPd;fs;/
jng jhgaPd;fs;/ #%Qhjhf;fs;/ ehjhf;fs;/ mt;ypahf;fs;
(,iwnerh]fs;) fhl]or; brd;w ghijahFk;.
mQ;ny Rd;dj;ty; $khmj;ij rhh]e;j K!;ypk;fs;
tHptHpahf rQhgh bgUkf; f s; kPJ itj; j pUf; F k;
ek;gpf;ifiaa[k/; rQhgh bgUkf;fis gpd;gw;wp bjhlh]eJ
;
te;j ,iwnerh]fs; kPJ itj;jpUf;Fk; ek;gpf;ifiaa[k;/
mQ; n y igj; J fs; ( uNYy; y hQ; !y; y y; y hQ%
miyQpt!y; y Kila re; j jpfs; ) kPJ itj; j pUf; F k;
ek;gpf;ifiaa[k; Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp
jk;Kila ftpijapy; gpd;tUkhW TWfpwhh]fs;.
“ mQ;ny Rd;dj; fh iQ nglh ghh]/ m!; Qgh Q%$%h].
fp.”
e$k; iQ mt;h] et; iQ/ ,j;uj; uNy; my;yhQ; fp.
,jd; mh]jj
; khtJ/
86 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
mQ; n y Rd; d j; ty; $khmj; j pDila Tl] l k;
btw;wpia bgWk; Tl]lk; Vbdd;why; rQhgh bgUkf;fs;
el] r j; j pu|; f is nghd; W tHp fhl] L fpd; w dh] / mQ; n y
igj; J fs; (uNYy; y hQ; !y; y y; y hQ% miyQp
t!y;yKila re;jjpfs;) E}Q; miyQpryhKila fg]giy
nghd; W ( F@g] h ] vd; w bts; s j; j pypUe; J) ek; i k fiur]
nrh]ff; pd;wdh].
,g] g og] g l] l / cz: i kahd <khid kf; f Sf; F
vLj;Jf;fhl]o/ tHpelj;jp bfhz:oUf;Fk; ira;ajpdh Myh
Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp 14k; E}w;whz:od; K$j;jpj;
(,!;yhj;jpw;F cap+l]oath]) vd;Wk;/ k!;yf;nf mQ;ny
Rd;dj;ty; $khmj; vd;Wk; miHf;fg]gLfpwhh]fs;.
i#j; j hd; TwpaJ nghy; my; y hQ; t pw; F kl] L nk
khpahij epkph]jj ; k;/ MjKf;F (miyQp!yhk;) fpilahJ
vd;W Twp ifr]nrjk; mile;jJ nghy;/ ,d;W ek;kpilapy;
tyk; tUk; Mapuf;fzf;fhd bgha;ah]fs; ( tQhgpfs;)
“eh|;fs; vJthf ,Ue;jhYk; my;yhQ;tplnk neuoahf”
vd;W Twp j|;fs; ,ghjj;Jfs; kPJ fh]tk; bfhz:L kw;w
,iwnerh] f isa[ k ; / bghpahh] f isa[ k ; Vsdg] g Lj; J k;
rhj;jhd;fsplkpUe;J tpLgl]L. ira;ajpdh Myh Q$;uj;
uQkJy; y hQp miyQp ele; n jwpa btw; w pg] ghijapy; /
mth]fspd; tHpj;jlj;ij gpd; bjhlh]nthkhdhy; ,d;#h
my; y hQ; ! epr; r akhf/ my; y hQ; kw; W k; uNYy; y hQ;
!y; y y; y hQ% miyQp t!y; y kpd; btFkjpia
bgw;wth]fspd; Tl]lj;jpy; ehKk; nru tha;gg] z
[ L
: ! Mkpd;!
ehnu jf;gPh]! ehnu hp!hyj;!
my;yhQ% mf;gh]! ah uNyy;yh!
k!;yf;nf Myh Q$;uj;! $pe;jh ghj;!
ah bfs!;! my;kjj;!
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 87
vdJ FUkhhpd; ( gPnuhKh] # pj; ) je; i j Xh]
mwpKfk;
Q$;uj; n#h]gP#na mQ;ny Rd;dj;/ k$;Qnu Myh
Q$;uj; - Q$;uj; Q#;kj; myp fhd; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp
mth]fs; jhUy; cY}k; @g[hf] hdpa;ah vd;w kju!htpy; njt]ge;j;
(tQhgpaf; ) bfhs; i ffis bfhz: l ghlj; j pl] l |; f is
goj;Jg] gl]lk; bgw;wth].
ira;ajpdh Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp
mth]fspd; bgUikiag] gw;wp mwpe;j Q$;uj; Q#;kj; myp
fhd; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp Xh] vz:zk; bfhz:lhh]. mJ
vd; d btdpy; Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp
rhh]ej
; pUe;j mQ;ny Rd;dj; ty; $khmj;jpd; bfhs;iffSf;F
vjpuhf Kdh$puh (thf;Ftpthjk;) g[hpe;J/ Myh Q$;uj;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQpia btw;wpf; bfhs;s ntz:Lk;
vd;gjhFk;.
Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQpia
Kdh$puhtpy; re;jpg]gjw;fhf Q$;uj; Q#;kj; myp fhd;
uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp g[ w g] g l] L f; bfhz: o Ue; j
neuj; j py; tHpapy; xU bghpahh] / Myh Q$; u j;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp vGjpa “ jk;QPnj <khd <khd;” vd;w
g[jj
; fj;ij btapypy; fha itj;Jf; bfhz:oUe;jhh]. ,ijg]
ghh] j ; j Q#; k j; myp fhd; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp/
mg]bghpahhplkpUe;J mg]gj [ j
; fj;ij th|;fp/ bry;Yk; tHpapy;
goj;Jf; bfhz:nl brd;whh].
g[ [ j ; j fj; i j gof; f gof; f kdk; khwpaJ! ,g] n ghJ
cz:ikia mwpe;jth]fsha;! jk; tQhgpaf; bfhs;iffspd;
jtiw czh] e ; j th] f sha;! cs; s k; jpUe; j pathW Myh
Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp mth] f is re; j pj; J
kd;dpg]g[ ntz:o/ Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQptpd;
KhPjhdhh](rPluhdhh]).
88 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
ira; a jpdh Myh Q$; u j; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp
miyQptpd; Mrph]thjj;jpd; bghUl]lhy; cz:ikf;F vjpuhf
cs;s F@g]iuf; bfhz:l tQhgpaf; bfhs;iffSf;F vjpuhf
jk; gpur;rhuj;ij bjhl|;fpdhh]. rpy rka|;fspy; vjphpfspd;
(tQhgpfspd;) jhf;FjYf;Fk; Mshdhh]. Q$;uj; Q#;kj; myp
fhd; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp mth] f spd; mZ; r h
beZ;rj;ija[k/; vjphpfSf;F vjpuhf jk; Thpa ths; nghd;w
brhw;fshy; tQhgpaf; bfhs;iffis rpjwog]gija[k; fz:l
Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp/ Q#;kj; myp fhd;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fisg] ghh]jJ ; “eP vd;Dila
g[ y p kw; W k; vd; D ila +Qhdp (Md; k htpd; ) kfd; ”
vd;whh]fs;.
tQhgpaf; bfhs;iffis tpLj;J kf;fs; mQ;ny
Rd;dj; ty; $khmj;jpy; epiyj;J epw;gijf; fz:l tp#kpfs;/
Q$; u j; Q#; k j; myp fhd; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp
brhw;bghHpthw;Wk; nghJ fw;fis bfhz:L tPrp Q$;uj;
mth]fSf;F ,uj;jk; tUkhW bjhe;jut[ bfhLj;jdh]. vdpDk;
vijg] gw; w pa[ k ; ftiyg] g lhky; / ,wg] g pw; F k; mZ; r hky;
cz: i kia epiyehl] L tijna Fwpf; n fhshf bfhz: L
gazk; gy bra; J gy Ch] f Sf; F brd; W
brhw;bghHpthw;Wthh].
Rd; n y mJ ik gpfl] n d thyh eQp
“Rd;
nth ryhkj; iQ Kn$ gdhnd thyh thyh!”
Q$;uj; Q#;kj; myp fhd; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp mth]fs;
bghpnahh]fis fz:zpag]gLj;Jtij kpf;f kfpH;rr
; pahf fUjp
brayhw;Wthh]. Myh Q$;uj; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQpapd;
kfdhd Q%$%h] K@g] j p Mrk; Qpe; j ; miyQp uQkJ
hp!;thd; mth]fisf; fhzr; bry;Yk; nghbjy;yhk;/ mtuJ
fhy;gg
] hj|;fis jk; cjLfshy; Kj;jkpLthh]fs;.
(Fwpg] g [ :- uNYy; y hQ; !y; y y; y hQ%
miyQpt!y;yik nehf;fp fpahkj; ehs; gw;wpa[k; kWikia
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 89
gw;wpa[k; brhy;Y|;fs; vd rQhghf;fs; nfl]Lf; bfhs;s/
uNyy; y h !y; y y; y hQ% miyQpt!y; y k; kWikiag]
gw;wpa[k;/ fpahkj; ehs; gw;wpa[k; Twpf; bfhz:oUe;jhh]fs;.
rQhghf;fs; kw;Wk; ToapUe;j gyh]/ xt]bthUtUk; j|;fisg]
gw; w p me; e hspy; brhy; Y |; f s; vd Mh] t Kld; nfl] f /
uNYy;yhQ; !y;yy;yhQ% miyQpt!y;yk; kpf;f cahpa
epiyapy; brd;wthW kWikapd; ,ufrpa|;fis btspapl]L
bfhz:oUe;jhh]fs;. uNYy;yhQ; !y;yy;yhQ% miyQp
t!y;yik rhe;jg]gLj;Jtjw;fhf ckh]gh@+f; u$pay;yhQ%
md;Q%/ uNYy;yhQ; !y;yy;yhQ% miyQpt!y;ykpd;
fhy;g]ghj|;fis jk; cjLfshy; Kj;jkpl]L rhe;jkilar]
bra;jhh]fs;.)
unrhyp khtl]lj;jpYs;s guhgd;fp vd;w ,lj;jpy;
njt]ge;j; tQhgpfSld; eilg]bgw;w tpthjj;jpy; Q$;uj;
Q#; k j; myp fhd; uQ; k j; J y; y hQp miyQp mth] f s;
tQhgpfis jiyf;Fdpa itj;jhh]. ,jdhy; Mj;jpukile;j
tQhgpfs; j|; f Sila tHf; f khd NH; r ; r p/ jPtputhj
mwpitf; bfhz: L / Q$; u j; Q#; k j; myp fhd;
uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp mth]fs; rhg]gpLk; btw;wpiyapy;
tp#j;ij fye;Jtpl]ldh]. Q$;uj; me;j btw;wpiyia bkd;W
rhg]gpLk; nghJ/ jkJ Ez:zpa Rit czh]tpdhy; mwpe;J
bfhz:L btw;wpiyia clndna Jg]gptpl]lhh]fs;. ,Ug]gpDk;
tp#j; j pd; jPtpuj; j hy; / Q$; u j; Q#; k j; myp fhd;
uQkJy;yhQp miyQp Qp$;hp 1380-KQh]uk; 8y;(3rd July 1960)
Kw;gfy; 10.03f;F #QPjhdhh]fs;. ( ,iw tHpapy; epiyj;J
epd;wjdhy; tQhgpfshy; bfhy;yg]gl;lhh]fs;)
Q$;uj; Q#;kj; myp fhd; uQ;kj;Jy;yhQp miyQp
mth]fspd; krh(z)h] #hP@g] cj;jpug]gpunjrj;jpYs;s gpypgpl]
#hP@g]gpy; cs;sJ. Q$;uj; mth]fspd; KhPJfSk;/ kw;w
kf;fSk; Q$;uj;jpd; fuhkj;Jfshy;/ ,d;Wk; gyd; bgw;W
neh] t Hpapy; bry; f pd; w dh] . Q$; u j; mth] f spd; kw; w
g[jy;th]fSk; vdJ gPUk; Kh]#pJkhd KQk;kj; ,j;hP!; u$h
fhd; fpg]yh mth]fSk; jkJ je;ijapd; tHpj;jlj;ij gpd;gw;wp
90 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯ 14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 91

mQ; n y Rd; d j; t y; $khmj; j pd; kf; f is tQhgpfspd; ryhk; (cUJ & jkpH; mh]j;jk;)
bfhs; i sapypUe; J ( <khdpd; jpUlh] f s; )
fhg] g hw; W tjw; f hf mUk; g hLgl] L tUfpd; w dh] . 1. K!;j@gh $hnd uQkj; ng yhnfh ryhk;
my; y hQ%jMyh rpy; r pyhna my; f hjphpa[ y ; u$; t papy; #k;nk g!;nk Qpjhaj; ng yhnfh ryhk;
Q#;kjpiaf; bfhz:L/ nkYk; ew;fhhpa|;fis bra;tjw;F
mUs;ghypg]ghdhf! nkYk; v|;fSf;F(mQ;ny Rd;dj;ty; (uQkj;jpd; capuhd K!;j@gh (!y;yy;yhQ%
$khmj;) ra;ajpdh Myh Q$;uj; uQkJy;yhQp miyQp miyQpt!y;yk;) kPJ yl]rhjpyl]r|;fs; ryhk;.
mth]fspd; t!Pyhitf; bfhz:L btw;wpia mspg]ghdhf! kf;fs; Tl]lk; neh]tHp elf;f tpsf;F nghy; ngbuhsp
Mkpd;. gpufhrk; tPRgth] kPJ yl]rhjpyl]r|;fs; ryhk;.)
ah bfs!; my;kjj; !
2. $p!; RQhdp fQ;o rk;fh ijgh fh rhe;j;
c!; jpy; m@g]nuh!; rhMjj; ng yhnfh ryhk;
786/92

(g[dpj efhpd; ghpRj;j KGepyt[ kpd;dpa me;j

bghd;dhd neuk;/
me;j mf|;Fsph]rr ; p bfhz:l behoapd; kPJ
ISHQ-E-RASOOL IS THE SOUL OF IMAN.
´qK_ÈV„Ák ºÂE©√m ~\VM[ clÏ. yl]rhjpyl]r|;fs; ryhk;.)
ÂV‚Á¶ ºÂE©√m ~\VM[ ∂∫ÔD.
cÚ¸á1 ÷>µ mk¬ÔD :1428 ÷>µ k·ÏflE¬z gı| ƒÕ>V 3. $pd; nf r$;nj F bkQuhng fhgh $%fp
÷>µá1 º\ :2007 Â[ÿÔVÁ¶:‘.5/-Â[§ ‘.50/- Â[§
cd; gnQhd; fp yjh@gj; ng yhnfh ryhk;
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>V[) ®™ R> k„«V∏B kÁȬz sÁÈ º√VzD (ahUila r$;jhtpw;F bgUikkpf;f fhgJy;yht[k;
ÿ\·#], ›s, >ÀÍ], ƒÈ‡∏, ƒ∆] ÷[–D >ZÔV Fdpe;jnjh/
ºk¶t‚| kÚD º>À√Õ] >©‹˛B kfiƒÔ cÈ˛_, ÷¸ÈV›][ mtUila bky;ypa g[Ut|;fs; kPJ
®>VÏ›> WÁÈÔ·V™ ≠Z∂›m¬z Ô‚|©√‚|, >ZÔ›]_ yl]rhjpyl]r|;fs; ryhk;.)
>ˆ√‚| yMKD, m[BVsKD ko\VÏÔ^ √VÁ>l_
∑[™›k_ ¤\V∂› ÿÔV^ÁÔÔÁ· ÔÁ¶∏Ω›m ∂´EB_, 4. $pd; nf khj;nj #ghmj; fh rQuh uQh
g[*ÔD, k´ÈVÆ ®™ ÷>aB_ √_∑Ák ÔÈÁkBVF c!; $gPnd rhMjj; gh] yhnfh ryhk;
Û‡∏BV¬Ôπ[ Â_kal_ \>Â_o¬Ô›Á>© º√Ë
ÿ>Vı¶Vu≈ kÕm^· ÷>Áw √Ω•∫Ô^ ! (ahUila jiyapy; kWik ehspd; rpghhpR
rQuhthf (khg]gps;isapd; jiy njhuzk;)
º\KD sk´∫Ô”¬z ÿ>V¶ÏAÿÔV^· : ,Uf;fpwnjh/
M.ÁƒB› ∂„\›, gEˆBÏ : ÷>µ, 74 / 176áA, x>_ \VΩ, mtUila bgUikkpf;f bew;wpapd; kPJ
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92 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
5 . $p!; ju@g] cl] fap jk;nk jk; Mfah
c!; epfhQ;na Qpdhaj; ng yhnfh ryhk;
(vg]gf;fk; jpUk;gpdhYk; caphpy; caph] te;jJ/
me;j caph] bfhLf;Fk; ghh]itapd; kPJ
yl]rhjpyl]r|;fs; ryhk;.)
6. J}nuh e$;jpf; nf Rd;nd thny nth fhd;
fhnd yhny fuhkj; gh] yhnfh ryhk;
(J}uj;jpYk; mUfpYk; nfl]Fk; jpwd; bgw;w me;j
fhJfs;/
fuhkj; (mw;gj
[ k;) bfhz:l me;j gts fhJfs; kPJ
yl]rhjpyl]r|;fs; ryhk;.)
7 . gj;yp gj;yp Fny Fj;!f
; p gj;jpah
cd; ynghd; fp e$h@fj; ng yhnfh ryhk;
(bkypjpYk; bkypjhd $d;dj;jpd; nuh$h ,jiH
xj;j/
mtUila cjLfspd; bky;ypaj;jd;ikapd; kPJ
yl]rhjpyl]r|;fs; ryhk;.)
8 . E}h] nf r#;nk yQuhna jh]ah gnQ
c|]spnah fp fuhkj; ng yhnfh ryhk;
( ngbuhsp Cw;wpypUe;J gPa;jJ
; f;bfhz:L tUk;
ejpapd; bts;sk;/
fuhkj; (mw;gj
[ k;) bfhz:l me;j tpuy;fspd; kPJ
yl]rhjpyl]r|;fs; ryhk;)
9 . Qhj; $p!; !pk;l] cl]lhQ; fdp fh]jpa;ah
gQnu kt]n$ !fhtj; ng yhnfh ryhk;
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 93
(ahh] kPJ ifia cah]jj
; pdhh]fnsh mth]fbsy;yhk;
nkd;ikahfp tpl]ldh]/
flypd; miyiag] nghy; kPz:Lk; kPz:Lk;
mspf;Fk; cahpa jhdj;jpd; kPJ yl]rhjpyl]r|;fs;
ryhk;)
10. Fy; $Qhd; kpy;f; mt;h] b$s fp nuhO fp!h(z)
c!: #pfk; fp fpdhmj; ng yhnfh ryhk;
(<Uyfj;jpd; Kjyhspahf ,Ug;gpDk; b$stpDila
(nfhJik khtpd; filrp kl]l kht[[) buhl]oia
cz:gth]/
mij Vw;Wf; bfhs;Sk; tapw;wpd; bghWikapd; kPJ
yl]rhjpyl]r|;fs; ryhk;)
11. g{f;nf Fj; uQ; nf fhdh jpah ifh] F
@ghj;jpkh fp !fhtj; ng yhnfh ryhk;
(jhk; grpahf ,Ue;J mLj;jtUf;F cztspf;Fk;/
@ghj;jpkhtpd; bfhilapd; kPJ yl]rhjpyl]r|;fs;
ryhk;.)
12. fpj;nd kQf; nf gnl iQd; kjPnd nf @g{y;
fh]gyh njhp fp!;kj; ng yhnfh ryhk;
(kjPdhtpd; bjhpj;Jj; rpjwpa g{f;fs; kyh]eJ
; kzk;
tPRfpwJ/
fh]gyh ce;jd; tpjpapd; kPJ yl]rhjpyl]r|;fs;
ryhk;.)
13. bfs!;/ fh$h/ u$h/ Qhkpnjh/ K!;jgh/
gd;Z; fd;Zn
; r tpyhaj; ng yhnfh ryhk;
(bfs!;/ fh$h/ u$h/ Qhkpnjh/ K!;j@gh/
94 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯
Ithpd; tpyhaj; (,iwnerj;jd;ik)) kPJ
yl]rhjpyl]r|;fs; ryhk;)
14. Vf; nkuh Qp uQkj; ng jhth eQp
#h Qfp rhhp ck;kj; ng yhnfh ryhk;
(vdf;F kl]Lk; uQkj;ij bgw;Wf;bfhs;tjpy;
vz:zkpy;iy/
kd;dh] KQk;kjpd; (!y;yy;yhQ% miyQpt!y;yk;)
vy;yh ck;kj;jpd; kPJ yl]rhjpyl]r|;fs; ryhk;.)
15. K$;n! fpj;kj; nf Fj;J}!p fnQ Qh u$h
K!;j@gh $hnd uQkj; ng yhnfh ryhk;.
(vdf;F gzptpil bra;ak [ ; thdth]fs; vd;d u$h
TwpdPh]fs; vd;why;/
uQ;kj;jpd; capuhd K!;j@gh (!y;yy;yhQ%
miyQpt!y;yk;) kPJ yl]rhjpyl]r|;fs; ryhk; vd;ngd;.)
16. jhy; jp fy;g] nk m!;(z)knj K!;j@gh
irajP Myh Q$;uj; ng yhnfh ryhk;.
(K!;j@ghtpd; (!y;yy;yhQ% miyQpt!y;yk;)
bgUikkpf;f epidit ,jaj;jpy; ,l]l/
jiyth] Myh Q$;uj; (uQkJy;yhQp miyQp) kPJ
yl]rhjpyl]r|;fs; ryhk;.)
14D ±u≈VıΩ[ x¤›]› á kVµ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVÆ 95
Salaam
1. Mustafa jane rahmath pay lakhon salaam
Sham e bazz may hidaayath pay lakhon
salaam.
2. Jis suhaani gahdi cham ka thaiba ka chand
Us dil afroz sa a dath pay lakhon
salaam
3. Jin ka sajde ku mehraaba kaba juki
Un bahon ki lathaafath pay lakhon
salaam
4. Jin ka maatha shafa ath ka sahara rahaa
Us jabeena sa dath pay lakhon salaam
5. Jis taraf ut gayi tham may tham aa gayaa
Us nigaa ye hinaayath pay lakhon salaam
6. Dhoor nazdik kay sunna vala ‘o’ kaan
Kaana laalay karaamath par lakhon
salaam
7. Pathli pathli gulay quds ki pathiyaan
Un labon ki nazaakath pay lakhon salaam
8. Noor ka chasmay laharaaya daryaa bahay
Ungliyon ki karaamath pay lakhon salaam
9. Haath jis simt uttaah gani kar diyaa
Bahara mavjay sakaavath pay lakhon
salaam
96 ÷\Vº\ ∂„ºÈ ∑[™›á∂„\› ´¤VÔV[ ´oB_ÈV¯ ∂[¯

10. Kul jahan ki milk aur ‘jaw’ ki roti

kiza
Us shikam ki kanaa ath pay lakhon
salaam

11. Buukay qudh rahkay khanaa diya gair ku

Fathima ki sakaavath pay lakhon salaam

12. Kithna mahak ka padain hain madinay kay

phool
Karbala teri kismath pay lakhon salaam

13. Gouse, kaja, raza, haamido, mustafa

Panja kanja vilaayath pay lakhon salaam

14. Ek mera hi rahamath pay dawaa nahi

Shaa hakhi saari ummath pay lakhon
salaam

15. Mujse kidhmath ka qudhisi kahe haan

raza
Mustafa jane rahamath pay lakhon salaam

16. Dall di qalb may azmathay mustafa

Sayyadi aala hazrath pay lakhon salaam.