MFG 118: Introduction to Materials

Mr. David J. Stec

Lab Group B3
2/8/2006
Ashley Rake
Jeffrey Rodriguez
Mike Wilcosz

Objectives:
Creep test The purpose of this experiment was to determine an elongation v.
time graph for the given material.
Brinell hardness test The purpose of this experiment was to determine the
hardness of a sample piece of aluminum to make sure it met the given
specifications.
Rockwell hardness test The purpose of this experiment was to determine the
hardness of a sample piece of tool steel and piece of aluminum using two
different test methods.
Impact test The purpose of this test was to determine the amount of energy (in
Joules) required to break samples of aluminum and tool steel.
Procedure/Materials/Equipment:
Creep test
Materials/Equipment: Creep test machine, test sample, weight set,
stopwatch
Procedure: First, we started by mounting the test sample in the creep test
machine. We then stacked 1.3kg of weight onto the machine, but did not
apply it to the sample. Before the weight was applied, the dial indicator was
set to zero. The moment the weight was released, we started the stopwatch.
At twenty-second intervals, we recorded how far the test sample had
stretched until it broke. We also recorded the time duration it took to break.
Rockwell hardness test
Materials/Equipment: Steel sample, Aluminum sample, Rockwell testing
machine, C and B type indenters
Procedure: First, we set up the machine for the type C test, making sure
the proper indenter and weight were being used. We then loaded the Steel
sample into the machine. We used the two needles on the machine to
preload the test sample, as required. The weight was then applied until the
indicator stopped moving. The weight was then released and a
measurement was recorded. This was repeated three times for each
sample metal. The test was repeated using the type B test in the aluminum
sample.
Brinell hardness test
Materials/Equipment: Aluminum sample, Brinell testing machine, Brinell
measuring microscope

Procedure: First, we set up the machine, making sure the proper weight
and indenter were being used. We then loaded the sample Aluminum into
the machine. The weight was applied to the material for a length of time
and then removed. The sample piece was taken out of the machine. The
diameter of the indentation on the material was measured using the
measuring microscope. The test was repeated three times.
Charpy Impact test
Materials/Equipment: Steel sample, Aluminum sample, Charpy testing
machine
Procedure: First, the pendulum on the machine was raised and locked into
position. The sample piece was then loaded in the machine, with the cut
centered as best we could by hand in the machine. The force indicator on
the machine was then set to full force, all the way to the left. After making
sure the area was clear, the pendulum was released. The measurement was
then recorded from the indicator. The test was repeated using the other
sample material.
Results and Discussion:
Creep test:
The first test we performed used 1.4kg of weight. After collecting the
data, we found the weight was too heavy, and did not give us enough data
points to plot an accurate graph. We repeated the test using 1.3kg of
weight and got the following results:
Time
(seconds)

Elongation
(milimeters)

0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160

3.4
3.97
4.21
4.38
4.59
4.97
5.89
8.11
15

To the slope of the line during the secondary creep we used the data points
at 20 and 100 seconds.
(4.97-3.97) / (100-20) = 0.0125 millimeters per second
Rockwell hardness test
The Rockwell type C test was performed three times on the sample tool
steel that was provided. The sample piece was tested in three different
places on the piece. Each test provided slightly different results. The first
spot that was tested was a spot that has oxidized, or rusted. That test
yielded a measurement of 19. The second spot we tested was a clean, unoxidized spot that gave a measurement of 13.9. The third and final spot
we tested was in the middle of a letter G that was stamped into our piece.
That test produced a measurement of 16.
A Rockwell type B test was performed three time son the sample
aluminum that was provided. Similar to the steel piece, the test was
performed three times in three different places on the sample. The first
test was taken right in the middle of the sample and gave a result of 14.3.
the second test was performed with the piece standing on end. This test
gave a result of 24.3. The third test was taken near the corner of the piece
and gave a result of 22.1.
The variance in the results is most likely from the different test points on
the sample pieces. The process of machining, stamping, cutting, or any
thing else could slightly alter the structure of the material where the
operation was performed. The change in structure can affect how the
material performs during the test.
Our calculations from Chapter 18 question 9 are as follows:
penetration( m)
2m
penetration( m)
40 = 100
2m
penetration( m)
60 =
2 m

HRC = 100

Penetration = 120 m
Brinell hardness test
A Brinell hardness test was performed three times on the sample of
aluminum provided. Each test was taken in a different spot on the sample.
We also varied the length of time for each test. The results of the tests are
shown in the table below:
Indentation
Hardness
Diameter
number
2.55
96.3
2.56
96
2.58
95.9

Overall, the results from the Brinell test were consistent and did not vary
much, despite our variances. Our results were also consistent with the
specifications for 6061-T6 aluminum. According to the table that was
provided, the Brinell hardness number should be 95. Also, according to
the provided chart, our measurements from the Brinell test almost exactly
match our measurements from the Rockwell test.
Our calculations from Chapter 18 question 8 are as follows:
P

D
BHN =
(D D 2 d 2 )
2
3,000kg
BHN = 10mm
(10mm 10mm 2 2.737 mm 2 )
2
3,000kg

BHN = 31.415mm
2

BNH =

(10mm 100mm 2 7.491mm 2 )

3,000kg

15.708mm * (10mm

92.509mm 2 )

BHN =

3,000kg
15.708mm * (10mm 9.618mm)

BHN =

3,000kg
15.708mm * 0.382mm

BNH =

3,000kg
6mm

BHN = 500 kg/mm which is off by a decimal point because of the units.
Charpy Impact test
The Charpy impact test was performed last on each of the samples. We,
first, tested the aluminum sample and got a reading of 24. We then tested
the steel sample and got a reading of 16.
After the tests were performed, we looked at each broken sample. When
trying to piece them back together, the aluminum fit together at an angle.
This seemed to indicate how much the sample had bent before breaking.
The steel sample did not seem to bend at all after examining the broken
pieces.
Possible variations in data could be from placement of the sample in the
machine. Not centering the notch in each sample could have affected how
the sample performed.